内容正文:
第15章特殊句式
章
第15
英语
特殊句式
语法
YINGYUYUFA
特殊句式一般分为:倒装句、省略句、强调句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句。
1.倒装句
英语句子中把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构,如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部
倒装:如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。
2.省略句
在一个句子中为避免重复,使结构简化和精练或使某一内容更加显要醒目,省去某些句子成
分,而保持原意不变,正常发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。
3.强调句
说话时人们为了对某一成分进行突出体现而采用的一种特殊句式。
4.感叹句
人们对一物一人或一事提出褒贬而采用的一种特殊句式。
5.祈使句:说话者对第二人物发出的命令、请求等的一种特殊句式。
6.反意疑问句:也叫附加疑问句,是对陈述句的反向提问。
知识,网路导读
知识网络提纲挈领
主语和助动词倒置
部分倒装
倒装
主诉和整个谓语完全倒置
完全倒装
词的省略
简单句中的省略
省略
并列句中的省略
复合句中的省略
强调句型
强调
谓语动词的强调
强湖句的疑问形式
如何判断强调句与主语从句、定语从句及状语从句
特殊句式
强调句型的几个易错点
肯定式
析使句
否定式
强调式
what或how引出的感叹句
感叹句
how+adhd引出的感叹句
陈述句的反意疑问句
反意疑问句
陈述句含有香定词的反意凝问句
祈使句的反意疑向句
猜测句型的反意疑向句
高考热点
·145·
英语语法
专题,考点透视
核心要点技法突破
一、倒装
1.完全倒装
即谓语动词在主语的前面。这类句型主要有以下几种形式
类别
例句
(2025·全国二卷)And,there are tasks for ev-
ery age and ability,so all your children can feel
proud of their work.
(I)在there be句型中(其中be动词还可换
而且,每个年龄段和能力都有任务,所以你的所
成seem,live,stand,.lie,appear,exist等动词)
有孩子都能为他们的工作感到自豪。
要全部倒装;也可把地点状语置于句首,去掉
There stands a stone bridge across the river.
there.
河上有一座石桥。
There remains a lot of work to be done.
仍有许多工作要做。
Here come the rest of the students.
其余的学生终于来了。
There goes the announcement for the passen-
(2)以地点副词here,there以及时间副词
gers to board.
now,then开头的句子,谓语动词多为be,go,
正在通知乘客上车。
come等,常使用倒装结构。
Then came the order to start off.
接着,出发的命令到了。
Now comes the chance.机会来了。
(3)such在句中作表语或定语位于句首时,
Such were his words.
要倒装。
这就是他说的话。
(4)以表示运动方位的副词(如out,in,up,
Down fell an apple from the tree.
down,off,away等)开头的句子中也使用倒
一个苹果从树上掉了下来。
装结构。这种结构通常带有感叹语气,谓语
Out rushed the children.
多为不及物动词。
孩子们冲了出来。
·146·
第15章特殊句式
续表
类别
例句
On the top of the hill stands a temple.
(5)地点状语位于句首,强调地点时,句子要
山顶上有个庙。
倒装。
Under the big tree sat an old man.
大树下坐着一位老人。
Gone are the days when he was looked down
upon.
(6)在“主系表”结构中,为了保持句子的平
他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
衡,避免出现主语偏长而造成头重脚轻的现
Present at the meeting are some well-known
象,常将表语部分提前,使用倒装结构。
scientists.
些知名的科学家出席了会议。
2.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保
留在主语的后面。部分倒装的作用主要是为了强调提前的部分。
类别
例句
He is interested in pop songs,and so am I.
他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。
(全国卷Ⅲ)The most famous designers are Chinese,so
are the models,and so are the consumers.
(1)s0作“也”讲时,引导的句子用
最著名的设计师是中国人,同样模特和消费者也是这样。
倒装语序,表示前面所说的肯定情
(全国卷I)My entire family is hearing,and so are all my
况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型
friends.
是:So+be(have、助动词或情态动
我整个的家庭成员正在听,我所有的朋友也一样。
词)十主语。
注意:“s0十主语十do”自然语序的结构中,表示对别人所
说的情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,$0的意
思为“的确”,相当于indeed,certainly。
一The girls study very hard.—这些女孩学习很努力。
So they do.-
她们的确如此。
·147·
英语语法
续表
类别
例句
(2025·全国-卷)Not only does this cafe serve up
drinks,it also serves up smiles.
这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮料,还提供微笑。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have
never seen such a moving film before.
(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hard
以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。
ly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely
(2o26·全国二卷)Little do they know that as they do
表否定意义的介词短语at no time,
so,a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help
under/in no circumstances,in no
charge an electric car.
case,by no means,on no condition
他们并不知道,这样做时,一股能量会被传输到街道层
等置于句首时。
面,为电动汽车充电提供动力。
At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.
It was unfair to punish them.
实际上他们从来没有违反比赛的规则。惩罚他们是不公
平的。
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
只有那时,我才意识到数学的重要性。
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方式你才能解决问题。
(3)only修饰状语位于句首时,谓语
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep
要部分倒装。
good relationships with others.
只有当你的心态平和时,你才能与别人保持好的关系。
注意:only修饰主语时,不能倒装。
Only he/Tom knows the street.
I cannot drive.Neither can he.
(4)neither/nor引导的句子用倒装
我不会开车,他也不会。
语序,用于对前面所说的否定内容
He hasn't been to the countryside;neither does he want
表示同样的看法,意为“也不…”。
to go there.
他没有去过乡下,而且他也不想去。
(5)often,always,now and then,
Many a time have they done that experiment.
many a time,every other day,once,
不止一次他们做那个实验。
then等表示频率的时间状语开头的
Now and then does his brother go to the concert.
句子,要倒装。
他的哥哥不时地去音乐会。
·148·
第15章特殊句式
续表
类别
例句
Tired as I was,I never felt so happy.
尽管我累,但我从没有感到如此高兴过。
(6)as,though引导让步状语从句采
Try as he might,he didn't pass the exam.
用倒装形式的情况。
他尽管很用功,但没有通过考试。
Much as he likes the bike,he doesn't want to buy it.
他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车,但不想买它。
Had the museum been closed,we would have been upset.
(7)虚拟条件句的倒装
如果博物馆已闭馆的话,我们会很伤心的。
当虚拟条件句中省略if时,were,
Were I in your position,I would ask him about the mat-
had或should必须移到主语之前。
ter.
我要是处于你的位置,我就要问问他这件事。
Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the
(8)几个复合句型的倒装:
love we have for our families is important.
①not...until直到…才…
直到他经历了真正的困难,他才意识到我们对家人的爱
2 no sooner...than/scarcely...
的重要性。
when一…就…
No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in.
③the more..,the more..越…
铃一响,老师就进来了。
就越…
The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.
你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。
[巧学妙记]
副词开头要倒装,人称代词则如常。oly修饰副介状,位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连
词,“既不…也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长,衔接自然常倒装。such代词作表语,引起主
谓要倒装。not only开头句,前一分句须倒装。had,were,should虚拟句,省略if半倒装。
二、省略
1.词的省略
(1)冠词的省略
Is the baby a boy or (a)girl?
两个并列连词前面都有冠词,第二
这个婴儿是男孩还是女孩?
个名词前的冠词常被省略。
·149·
英语语法
续表
(2)介词的省略
I stayed in London(for)five years..我在伦敦呆了5年。
She is not only kind,but she is(also)honest.
(3)连词的省略
她不但和蔼,而且诚实。
2.句子成分的省略
(1)省略主语
Take care!当心!(省略了主语you)
Who next?该谁了?(省略了谓语comes)
The river was deep and the ice thin.
(2)省略谓语
这条河很深,冰很薄。(ice后面省略了was)
We'll do the best we can.我们将尽力而为。(can后面省略了动词do)
Are you ready?你准备好了吗?
Yes,Iam.我准备好了。(am后面省略了ready)
(3)省略表语
He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.
他还是像年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。(had been后面省略了a lover of
sports)
Let's do the dishes.I'll wash and you'll dry.
(4)省略宾语
让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。(wash和dry后面省略了宾语the dishes)
He spent part of the money,and the rest he saved.
(5)省略定语
那钱他花了一部分,其余的他存了起来。(the rest后面省略了定语of the
money)
He was not hurt.Strange!
(6)省略状语
他没有受伤。真奇怪!(Strange!是How strange it is!的省略)
What exciting news!(-What exciting news it is!)多么令人激动的消息啊!
(7)同时省掉
Pity he's failed.(=It is a pity that he's failed.
句子的几个
很遗憾,他失败了。
成分
I like him more than her.(=I like him more than I like her.
我喜欢他更甚于喜欢她。
·150·
第15章特殊句式
3.英语中有一些固定的省略结构
续表
形式
例句
形式
例句
He may leave if he wishes to.
The climate here is quite
他可以走,如果他愿意的话。
pleasant,the temperature
(3)在口语中,为
Don't go till I tell you to.
rarely,if ever,reaching
了避免重复,不
等我叫你走你再走。
30℃in summer.
定式可以省去和
省略的现象较多,有很强
这里的气候宜人,如果曾
句子前部分重复
的习惯性,不是所有的省
经有的话,在夏季气温极
的动词原形而只
略都可以补全的,需要理
少达到30摄氏度。
留下不定式符号
解和把握。如:
(2024·新课标I卷)
to
He is taller than I am.
他比我高。
Bring layers for changing
(1)在以if,when,
No parking!禁止停车!
weather and a raincoat if
though,as if
三、强调句
necessary.
(好像)等连词
(一)强调句的基本句式
如有必要,带上多件衣服
引导的从句中。
句式
例句
和雨衣以备天气变化。
Whenever (it is)possible,
Bach died in 1750,but it
he will come to my help.
was not until the early
19th century that his
他一有可能就来帮助我。
musical gift was fully
While (you are)cycling,
recognized.
don't forget the traffic
巴赫于1750年去世,但
lights.
是直到19世纪早期他的
骑车时,不要忘记看红
音乐天赋才被完全承认。
It is you who are to clean
绿灯。
1.肯定式:1tis/
the classroom.
是你打扫教室。
What about
was+被强调部
having a
It was in the street that I
分that/who+
game of chess?下盘棋
句子剩余部分
met him yesterday.
怎么样?
我昨天是在街上遇到
了他。
How come they left you
It was yesterday that he
(2)由固定词组
alone here?他们怎么会
was absent.
引导的疑问句。
把你一人留在这里呢?
他缺课是在昨天。
What if it's raining?
It's the good life that's
如果天下雨怎么办?
more likely to kill us
these days.
Why not try again?
这些天有可能是太好的
为什么不再试试呢?
生活把我们杀死。
151·
英语语法
续表
(二)强调句式的几种复杂结构
句式
例句
(1)被强调的部分为状语从句
It was when Asimov was eleven years old
Was it yesterday that he
that his talent for writing became obvious.
was absent?
阿西莫夫11岁的时候,他的写作才华开始变
2.一般疑问句:直
是昨天他缺课吗?
接将was/is提到
得明显。
Was it in the street that
it前
you met him yesterday?
It was after he woke me up that we drove
昨天你是在街上遇到的
away.
他吗?
我们开车离开是在他叫醒我之后。
(2)被强调的部分含有定语从句
When was it that he was
It was at a bank that lies on the main
absent?
street that she was robbed of 800,000 yuan.
他是什么时候缺课的?
就在位于主街上的一家银行,她被抢走了80
3.特殊疑问句:
Where was it that you
万元。
met him yesterday?
将强调部分转化
It was in a remote village where we lived
昨天你是在哪儿遇到的
成相应疑问代词
他?
together that I never forgot the days.
或副词置于句
Who was it that broke
我永远不能忘怀在那个我们一起生活过的偏
首,后跟一般疑
the window?
远村庄度过的日子。
问语序
是谁打破的窗户?
(3)not..until结构用于强调句式中
What was it that he
not..until结构作为被强调的部分,其强
bought?
调句结构为:Itis/was not until...that..
他买的是什么?
It was not until the 1920s that pompons
began to play an important part in cheerlead-
Do come this evening.
ing.直到20世纪20年代,彩线球才在拉拉队
今晚一定要来。
队员的表演中发挥重要作用。
4.对谓语动词的
He did come yesterday.
(三)强调句型与其他相似句型的区别
强调:在谓语前加
他昨天确实来了。
do/does/did,注意
Mary does study hard.
l.强调句型与Itis/小was+时间+when..句型
时态和人称的一
玛丽学习确实努力。
在“Itis/was十时间十when..句型”中it
致;never和a
Always come on time for
指时间,when引导的是时间状语从句。注意
ways也可用于祈
work.
两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。试比较:
使句的强调。
上班一定要准时。
DIt was at midnight that I got back
Never sleep during class.
home yesterday.
上课绝不要睡觉。
昨天午夜我回到了家里。
[巧学妙记]
2It was midnight when I got back home
口诀巧记强调句型
yesterday.
强调结构并不难,that/who在中间;
昨天当我回到家里时,已经是午夜了。
除了谓语不强调,主宾补状都在编;not
句①是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语at
until必考题,否定强调把你难;疑问强调
midnight;而句②是一般句型,时间以名词的
莫忽视,基本形式记心间。
方式表达,用来作表语。
152·
第15章
特殊句式
2.强调句型与ltis/has been十时间段+
四、反意疑问句
since,.句型
形式
例句
Itis/has been..since...表示“自从
He works hard,doesn't
以来已有…(时间)”。两个句型中的时态一
he?
般不同。试比较:
他工作努力,不是吗?
DIt was two years ago that I began to
He doesn't come late for
1.陈述句的反意
work,does he?
learn English.
疑问句:谓语的
他工作不迟到,是吗?
我是在两年前开始学英语的。
助动词(加not)
Tom dislikes playing ten-
2It is/has been two years since I began to
+主语
nis,doesn't he?
汤姆讨厌打网球,不是
learn English.
吗?
我学英语两年了。
He can dance,can't he?
句①为强调句型,it后的be动词常用一
他会跳舞,不是吗?
般现在时和一般过去时;而句②表示“从过去
He could hardly walk
到现在已有多长时间”,it后的be动词用一般
without a stick,could
现在时或现在完成时。
he?没有拐杖他几乎不
3.强调句型与It was//will be+时间段+
能走路,是吗?
2.陈述部分含有
He has few books to
before...句型
否定词的反意疑
read,does he?
It was,/will be+时间段+before..句型
问句:用肯定形
他没有书读,是吗?
可有以下几个句式:
式,否定词:
He has never seen the
It wasn't/won't be long before...不久以
seldom,hardly,
film,has he?
scarcely,never,
他从来没看过这部电影,
后就会…了/用不了多久就会…
few,little,noth-
是吗?
It was two years/days before...
ing,nobody等
There is little doubt in
过了两年/两天才…
your mind that he is in-
nocent,is there?
It was not two years/days before...
你没怀疑他是无辜的,
不到两年/两天就…
是吗?
It will be two years/days before...
还得两年/两天才……
3.祈使句的反意
It will not be two years/days before...
疑问句:
Open the window,will/
用不了两年/两天就会…
(1)否定祈使句+
won't you?
will you?
试比较:
(2)肯定祈使句十
打开窗子,好吗/不好吗?
DIt was two years before he came back
Let's go out for a walk,
will/won't you?
shall we?
from abroad.
(3)Let's..,+
我们出去散散步,好吗?
2It was two years later that he came
shall we?
Don't leave me alone,
(4)Let us...,
back from abroad.
will/won't you?
will you?
句①为一般句型,句②为强调句型。同样
(5)Let+第三人
不要单独留下我,好吗?
表示“他两年以后回的国”。注意强调句型中
称…十will you?
时间状语的表达方式。
·153
英语语法
续表
ther
the department completely
形式
例句
stop planting new ones,"said Auyeung.
②(2025·北京卷)Little
I realize
You must have stayed up
that single moment would ruin everything.
last night,didn't you?
4.用于猜测句型
③(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Here
(be)
的反意疑问句:
昨晚你一定熬夜了,不是
some tips on making wise decisions to mini-
陈述句是肯定,
吗?
mize pressure on the places we visit and im-
反意疑问句用否
He can't work as a teacher,
prove our experience.
定;时态要按照
does he?
2.考查强调句型
真实时态进行反
他不能当老师,是吗?
①(2026·全国一卷)A study carried out by
some of its researchers several years ago
问,不再使用情
You must/may be hun-
gry now,aren't you?
concluded that city trees
release
态动词
现在你一定/可能饿了,不
isoprene.
是吗?
②(2o24·新课标Ⅱ卷)Specifically,it'sa
五、祈使句和感叹句
farm
relies on new technology.
③(2023·全国乙卷)It's thanks to these
形式
例句
TV chefs rather than any advertising cam-
1.否定式与强调式
Don't come late.别来
晚了。
paign
Britons are turning away
Don't+do+…
Do come on time.一定
from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made
Do+do+…
准时到。
meals and becoming more adventurous in
Always do+…
their cooking habits.
Never do+…
Never say that again.
千万别那样说了。
3.考查祈使句
Tom,you
clean the
(2025·浙江卷1月)
(ask)the au-
祈
使
2.强调主语you和eve
blackboard..汤姆,你去
dience to contribute their ideas or to take a
句
ryone,everybody等作
擦黑板。
role in explaining new concepts and policies
称呼语的祈使句
Everyone,come here.
to others.
大家过来。
4.考查省略句
3.祈使句+and+陈述
Study hard and you will
(2026·全国一卷)While
(g0)
句(此时祈使句相当于
succeed.努力学习,你
through the pages,he kept saying,wide-
条件句)
就会成功。
祈使句+or+陈述句
Come early or you will be
eyed:"How can there be this many
(此时祈使句相当于否
punished..早来,否则你会
words?”
定条件句)
受罚的。
[自我校对]l.①will②did③are
1.基础感叹句
What an honest boy he
2.①did
②that/which
③that3.Ask
(1)What(+a/an)+形
is!他是一位多么诚实
4.going
容词十名词+主语十
的男孩啊!
(二)特殊句式在书面表达中的易错点
谓语!
How honest a boy he
1.倒装句式的错用
(2)How十形容词+a/
is!他是一位多么诚实
感
an十单数名词+主语十
的男孩啊!
示例
If you go,so do I.
叹
谓语!
How beautiful the pic-
答案:
句
(3)How十形容词/副
ture looks!这幅画看
词+主语+谓语!
起来多么漂亮啊!
点拨
f从句可以用一般现在时表将来。
2.省略主语和谓语的
How hot today!今天
2.强调句型的误用
感叹句
多么热啊!
How can you be silly!
It was two years that I began to
3.其他形式的感叹句
你怎么这么傻!
示例
learn English.
六、高考热点
答案:
(一)特殊句式在语法填空中的命题点
强调句型去掉itis(was)和that后
1.考查倒装句
点拨
剩下的部分仍能组成句子。
①(2026·全国一卷)“We're not going to
go cutting down any big old oaks,and nei-
自我校对
1.do→will2.years后加ago
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