摘要:
该初中英语讲义以九年级上册Unit 2“励志人物”主题为核心,系统构建现在完成时语法知识体系。通过表格对比have been to/have gone to/have been in的核心含义与用法,结合基础结构回顾、for/since区分及与一般过去时的对比,呈现清晰知识脉络,突出重难点内在联系。
讲义亮点在于练习设计紧扣时代热点,如词形填空以科研先辈奋斗历程设题(如“Yuan Longping has devoted...”),单项选择聚焦时代楷模事迹(如“Qian Xuesen has worked...”),在提升语言能力的同时培养文化意识。解析分层指导,基础薄弱学生可掌握语法规则,优秀学生能深化运用,助力教师实施精准化复习教学。
内容正文:
九年级上册 Unit 2 Inspiring People
语法专项精讲精练
第一部分:语法精讲(结合楷模人物、时代热点讲解,贴合单元主题)
本单元核心语法:现在完成时 + have been to / have gone to / have been in 辨析、现在完成时与for/since连用表持续状态,用来讲述榜样人物一生的经历、已经取得的成就、长期坚守的事业,完美匹配“励志人物事迹讲述”的单元主题。
一、基础结构回顾
肯定式:主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词
否定式:主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + 动词过去分词
疑问式:Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词…?
二、三组易混短语(结合榜样热点举例)
短语 核心含义
have been to 去过某地(现在已经返回)
热点例句 :Yuan Longping has been to many farmlands across China to research hybrid rice.
(袁隆平去过全国众多农田研究杂交水稻,现已结束实地作业)
have gone to 去了某地(当下还在该地,未返回)
热点例句 :The young researchers have gone to Hainan for rice breeding work.
(青年科研人员去往海南繁育水稻,目前仍在当地)
have been in 待在某地一段时间(常搭配for/since)
热点例句 :Tu Youyou has been in medical research fields for over 60 years.
(屠呦呦深耕医药研究领域六十余年)
三、for 与 since 用法区分(结合楷模终身奉献热点)
1. for + 一段时间:侧重动作持续的时长 例:
Zhong Nanshan has worked in medical treatment for decades.
(钟南山数十年深耕医疗救治工作)
2. since + 时间点/过去事件:侧重动作开始的起点 例:
He has stuck to public health rescue work since the SARS outbreak in 2003.
(自2003年非典爆发以来,他一直坚守公共卫生救援工作)
四、现在完成时&一般过去时再次区分(人物事迹写作高频考点)
现在完成时:看重事迹带来的当下价值、一生累计的成果,无精准过去时间
热点句:Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
(获奖这件事至今带给医学界巨大价值)
一般过去时:看重事件发生的具体年份、过去动作本身,搭配明确时间词
热点句:Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in 2015.(强调2015这个具体获奖时间)
第二部分:精练习题(每题标注对应热点:大国工匠、科研伟人、时代楷模)
(一)词形填空(热点:科研先辈奋斗历程) 用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1. Yuan Longping ______ (devote) all his life to hybrid rice research so far.
2. My English teacher ______ (be) to Wuhan twice, Today he ______ (go) to HK.
3. Tu Youyou ______ (find) artemisinin already, which saves millions of lives worldwide.
4. The old craftsman ______ (stick) to traditional porcelain making for more than 40 years.
(二)单项选择(热点:时代楷模、民族英雄事迹)
1. — Where is the young volunteer?
— He ______ to the mountain village to teach children.
A. has been B. has gone C. went
2. Qian Xuesen ______ in the aerospace field since he returned to China in 1955.
A. has worked B. worked C. works
3. These heroes ______ great contributions to our country, so we respect them forever.
A. make B. made C. have made
4. — ______ you ______ the documentary about Zhang Guimei?
— Yes, I watched it last week.
A. Have; watched B. Did; watch C. Do; watch
5. Jiao Yulu ______ in Lankao County to help local people get rid of poverty for years.
A. has been in B. has gone to C. has been to
(三)句型转换(热点:乡村教师、抗疫人物事迹改写)
1. Zhang Guimei built the first free high school for girls in 2008.(改为现在完成时)
Zhang Guimei ______ ______ the first free high school for girls already.
2. He protects local forest resources. He began this job 18 years ago.(用since合并为现在完成时)
He ______ ______ local forest resources since 18 years ago.
3. The inspiring deeds moved lots of teenagers.(改为现在完成时否定句)
The inspiring deeds ______ ______ lots of teenagers.
(四)综合短文填空(10个空,家乡榜样人物主题)
I admire my uncle. He 1. ______ (work) in the fire station for 32 years up to now. He 2. ______ (save) hundreds of people’s lives in fire accidents. He 3 ______ (be) to many dangerous fire scenes in his career, and he never4 (feel) afraid.
Local people 5. ______ (know) his moving stories since 2010. He 6. ______ (teach) teenagers fire safety knowledge in communities these years.
He 7. ______ (be) never late for his duty all the time. His spirit 8. ______ (influence) plenty of young people. I 9. ______ (learn) a lot from him, and I 10. ______ (decide) to be a responsible person just like him.
参考答案与解析
(一)词形填空
1. has devoted
解析:主语袁隆平为三单, so far 是现在完成时标志词,体现毕生奉献到如今的长久影响。
2. has been;has gone解析:前半句表达我的英语老师去过武汉,第一空用has been;后半句强调今天他去了HK,表示去了用现在完成时has gone。
3. has found
解析:already为现在完成时标志,屠呦呦提取青蒿素这件事对现在全球医疗有着持续价值。
4. has stuck
解析:for+时间段是现在完成时标识,主语匠人是三单,stick过去分词为stuck。
(二)单项选择
1. B
解析:问句询问人在哪,回答去往山村支教还未返回,符合have gone to用法。
2. A
解析:since引导过去时间起点,主句动作从过去持续至今,使用现在完成时has worked。
3. C
解析:伟人做出的贡献延续至今,产生长久价值,要用现在完成时have made。
4. A
解析:问句询问“是否看过纪录片”,侧重当下的个人经历用现在完成时;答句last week只是单纯陈述过去观看动作,时态互不冲突。
5. A
解析:焦裕禄长期扎根兰考治理贫困,是长时间停留某地,选用has been in。
(三)句型转换
1. has built
解析:already匹配现在完成时,主语张桂梅为第三人称单数,build过去分词built。
2. has protected
解析:since+过去时间点,主句使用现在完成时,主语he搭配have,protect过去分词protected。
3. haven’t moved
解析:主语deeds为复数,现在完成时否定结构:haven’t + 动词过去分词,move过去分词moved。
(四)综合填空
1. has worked
解析: up to now (到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志,表示动作从过去持续到现在。主语 He 是第三人称单数,所以用 has worked 。
2. has saved
解析:语境描述他从过去到现在的经历,用现在完成时,主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 has saved 。
3. has been
解析: have/has been to 是固定搭配,表示“去过某地(已返回)”,主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 has been 。
4. has felt
解析: 前半句的语境是过去的职业生涯用现在完成时,and 为并列连词,所以此空也用完成时态,故填has felt.feel的过去分词为felt
5. have known
解析: since 2010 (自从2010年)是现在完成时的标志,主语 Local people 是复数,用 have known 。
6. has taught
解析: these years (这些年来)表示动作从过去持续到现在,可用现在完成时( has taught )表示持续的动作。
7. is
解析: all the time (一直)表示习惯性的状态,用一般现在时,主语 He 是第三人称单数,用 is 。
8. has influenced
解析:表示他的精神从过去到现在一直影响着年轻人,用现在完成时,主语 His spirit 是单数,用 has influenced 。
9. have learned / have learnt
解析:表示从过去到现在从他身上学到了很多,用现在完成时,主语 I 用 have learned (英式也可拼为 have learnt )。
10. have decided / decide
解析:可以用现在完成时( have decided )表示已经做出的决定,也可以用一般现在时( decide )表示现在的决心。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$