Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 分层练-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句，通过基础语法填空与综合阅读实践，提升语言运用与逻辑思维能力。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单句语法填空|10题/10分|关系代词（that/which/who等）、关系副词|基础巩固，覆盖不同先行词（人/物/时间）及语法功能| |单元语法填空|8题/12分|文学语境中定语从句综合运用|融入《霍乱时期的爱情》片段，增强文化浸润| |阅读理解|8题/20分|社会热点（南亚洪灾）、科研情境（灾后社区重建）|选用真实灾害与社科研究素材，考查推理与主旨分析，体现时代性与思维深度|

Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 分层练高一英语必修第一册人教版 基础全面练 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 1. The flood was a shocking disaster ________ the local people will never forget. 2. We should pay attention to the warning signs ________ the weather station released. 3. She is regarded as a heroine ________ everyone looks up to. 4. To those ________ devote themselves to rescue work, satisfaction means the lives they saved. 5. The rescue dogs were trained by the soldiers ________ had rich experience in finding survivors. 6. Natural phenomena ________ can be predicted include typhoons, earthquakes and solar eclipses. 7. David is an excellent volunteer ________ brave deeds have inspired many young people. 8. This is the exact shelter ________ was built by the army after the hurricane. 9. The survivors will always remember the days ________ they spent together in the temporary camp. 10. The committee couldn't accept the excuse ________ he gave at the meeting. Ⅱ. 单元语法填空（共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分） In Gabriel García Márquez's Love in the Time of Cholera, the love story 1. ________ developed between Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza is the core of the novel, though they were separated for over fifty years. Florentino was a poor telegraph operator 2. ________ father worked for the river company, while Fermina was a merchant's daughter 3. ________ dreamed of a better life. One day, Florentino declared his love to Fermina in a letter, to 4. ________ she replied with a brief rejection. Then they went on with their own lives in a city 5. ________ cholera was spreading rapidly. Fermina married a wealthy doctor 6. ________ could offer her stability. The turning point came when Florentino, now a powerful businessman, decided that Fermina was the woman 7. ________ he truly loved and waited for her until her husband died. From this tale we learn that true love is a feeling 8. ________ survives all hardships. 综合应用练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解（共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分） A Pakistan, Indonesia, and now the Philippines are reporting severe flooding that has displaced millions of residents in Southern Asia. In the northern province of Luzon, families have experienced what should have been two consecutive typhoon seasons. Floods do occur periodically in the region. However, the unusual intensity of rainfall has resulted in the worst conditions in 30 years in parts of the Philippines and Indonesia. UNHCR is the UN's refugee agency. Local Maria Santos told a visiting team with UNHCR that she and her five children had never experienced a flood like this. She said the local government provided boats and relief goods during the last flood three years ago. "This time, we don't even have dry clothes for our family." Children wade through water among the ruins of washed-away houses, which collapsed from the force of the current. ASEAN Humanitarian Center works to coordinate international aid for the region. It said in a statement that in the Philippines, more than 5 million people require urgent assistance. It is calling on international bodies to increase contributions to the area. "We are just two weeks into the rainy season, and I have already lost my rice field and two cows," Juan dela Cruz in Luzon told UNHCR. He also lost his fishing boat, a vital local vehicle. He said there was no land for his animals to graze. He added that there was insufficient food for his own family, including his three children. UNHCR estimates that over 120,000 children in such regions of the Philippines have stopped attending school. They are needed to help collect whatever clean water remains and assist their families with rebuilding work. One young girl was seen carrying a chicken, a creature once central to her family's diet. But now, it had grown too weak to stand by itself. 1. Why did Maria Santos mention the last flood? ( ) A. To show the importance of protecting property. B. To express her disappointment at the current situation. C. To prove the regularity of flooding. D. To praise the government for its quick response. 2. What is ASEAN Humanitarian Center trying to do now? ( ) A. Get more international support. B. Warn people of the danger of floods. C. Provide more schooling to local children. D. Confirm the exact number of affected people. 3. What does the last paragraph mainly intend to convey? ( ) A. The close bond between the girl and the chicken. B. The role of chickens in rural life. C. The need to care for weak animals. D. The severity of the flood. 4. Which is the most suitable title for the text? ( ) A. Floods in Southern Asia Leave Livestock at Risk B. Floods Force People of Southern Asia to Flee Homes C. UN Officials Care for Children Hit by Floods D. Millions in Danger as Floods Sweep Southern Asia B Dr. Elena Martinez and researchers from the Stanford Sociology Department are investigating how communities rebuild social bonds after catastrophic earthquakes. They are in the second year of a four-year project. Currently, the team is analyzing data from recent seismic events in Turkey. But in their initial phase, Martinez and her colleagues focused on surveying respondents, in community workshops, about their personal reflections on recovery processes in written form. Those preliminary studies revealed that when exposed to hypothetical scenarios where social order is described as broken—and when exposed to scenarios where the impact of an earthquake is tangible, participants reported stronger community attachment in the second scenario. In the first scenario, they did not. Why do participants strive to maintain social cohesion in an actual earthquake context when physical danger and material loss are just as severe as in another crisis? Further research with populations who have genuinely rebuilt after earthquakes will hopefully address these questions more thoroughly in the coming years. And although simulation is never a substitute for reality, this kind of field work has shown the researchers effective methodologies. Yet, at this stage, Martinez understands this much: If we can reconstruct meaning from a devastating event, we're likely to recover more fully. If we can derive collective strength from it, then the long-term social fragmentation is lessened," she states. Practically, Martinez and her team are attempting to help neighborhoods in these disaster zones become as socially prepared as they are materially. In the days before the tremor, or landslide, or tsunami, what forms of mutual aid should be established beforehand? When this occurs, where are the community networks? Where will residents find solidarity when connection seems broken? 5. What was the participants' attitude to community in earthquake-related situations? ( ) A. Detached.　B. Positive.　C. Indifferent.　D. Fearful. 6. What will Martinez's team continue to do on the study? ( ) A. Design new simulation exercises. B. Examine earthquake survival tactics. C. Study on finding community networks. D. Conduct research on actual disaster survivors. 7. What does the underlined word "lessened" in Paragraph 4 mean? ( ) A. Increased.　B. Avoided.　C. Reduced.　D. Measured. 8. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? ( ) A. To propose practical applications of the research. B. To summarize the findings of the study. C. To criticize current disaster policies. D. To describe the damage caused by earthquakes. 答案解析 基础全面练 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 disaster 指物，在从句中作 forget 的宾语，用 that 或 which，也可省略。 2. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 signs 指物，在从句中作 released 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 3. who / whom / that　考查定语从句。先行词 heroine 指人，在从句中作 look up to 的宾语，用 who、whom 或 that。 4. who / that　考查定语从句。先行词 those 指人，在从句中作 devote 的主语，用 who 或 that。 5. who / that　考查定语从句。先行词 soldiers 指人，在从句中作 had 的主语，用 who 或 that。 6. which / that　考查定语从句。先行词 phenomena（phenomenon 的复数）指物，在从句中作 can be predicted 的主语，用 which 或 that。 7. whose　考查定语从句。先行词 volunteer 指人，在从句中作 brave deeds 的定语（意为"志愿者的勇敢事迹"），用 whose。 8. that　考查定语从句。先行词 shelter 指物，在从句中作 was built 的主语；先行词前有 the exact 修饰，只能用 that 引导。 9. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 days 指物（时间），在从句中作 spent 的宾语（spend 的宾语为时间），用 that 或 which。 10. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 excuse 指物，在从句中作 gave 的宾语，用 that 或 which。 Ⅱ. 单元语法填空 1. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 story 指物，在从句中作 developed 的主语，用 that 或 which。 2. whose　考查定语从句。先行词 operator 指人，在从句中作 father 的定语（意为"电报员的父亲"），用 whose。 3. who / that　考查定语从句。先行词 daughter 指人，在从句中作 dreamed 的主语，用 who 或 that。 4. which　考查定语从句。"介词 + 关系代词"结构，先行词 letter 指物，作 to 的宾语，用 which（to which = to the letter）。 5. where　考查定语从句。先行词 city 表地点，在从句中作状语（cholera was spreading in the city），用 where 或 in which。 6. who / that　考查定语从句。先行词 doctor 指人，在从句中作 could offer 的主语，用 who 或 that。 7. who / whom / that　考查定语从句。先行词 woman 指人，在从句中作 loved 的宾语，用 who、whom 或 that。 8. that / which　考查定语从句。先行词 feeling 指物，在从句中作 survives 的主语，用 that 或 which。 综合应用练 Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A 篇（南亚洪灾） 1. B　推理判断题。第一段 Maria 说"从未经历过这样的洪水"，第二段对比三年前政府发了救援物资，"这次连干衣服都没有"，提及上次是为了凸显此次的无助与失望，选 B。A 保护财产、C 证明规律性、D 赞扬政府及时帮助均不符文意。 2. A　细节理解题。第三段 ASEAN Humanitarian Center "is calling on international bodies to increase contributions"，即呼吁国际机构增加援助，对应获取更多国际支持，选 A。 3. D　推理判断题。末段描写小女孩抱着虚弱到无法站立的小鸡，是以细节折射洪灾的严重程度（连家禽都无法存活），选 D。A、B、C 均停留在表面，未触及写作意图。 4. D　主旨大意题。全文围绕菲律宾、印尼等地洪灾导致数百万人流离失所、急需援助展开，D 项"洪灾席卷南亚，数百万人面临危险"最能概括，选 D。 B 篇（灾后社区重建研究） 5. B　推理判断题。第三段指出在真实地震情境中参与者"reported stronger community attachment"（表现出更强的社区归属感），态度积极，选 B。A 疏离、C 冷漠、D 恐惧均不符。 6. D　细节理解题。第四段首句 "Further research with populations who have genuinely rebuilt after earthquakes" 说明团队将继续对真正经历灾后重建的人群进行研究，即实际灾难幸存者，选 D。 7. C　词义猜测题。划线词 lessened 与前文 "recover more fully""derive collective strength" 正向呼应，意为"减少、减轻"社会分裂，与 reduced 同义，选 C。 8. A　推理判断题。末段以"实践中，团队正试图帮助社区在社会层面做好准备"及提出具体互助建议，旨在说明研究的实际应用价值，选 A。B 总结发现（非末段重点）、C 批评政策（无）、D 描述破坏（无）均不符。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $