Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking 同步练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit 4 Natural Disasters同步练，以“基础语法巩固+语篇综合应用”分层设计，通过单句练习到情境语篇的递进，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础过关练|词汇（介词搭配、词性转换）、基础语法（定语从句）|单句语法填空聚焦高频考点（如supply with），语法专练通过合并句子与关系代词填空强化语法应用| |能力提升练|语篇理解（细节、推理）、综合应用（语境词汇）|阅读理解分析洪水利弊培养辩证思维，完形填空以海啸逃生情境融合词汇辨析与语篇逻辑|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.This event will supply you 　　　　　 a valuable chance to work with experts in this field.   2.How can you survive 　　　　　 such a poor diet? Keeping slim doesn't make sense if you're not healthy.  3.[2026天津部分区期中联考]Summer Swim Assistant is best for someone who wants to work 　　　　　 the open air.  4.With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species 　　　　　 the aid of a mobile application.  5.[2026江西九江月考]Everyone knows the story of Benjamin's famous kite experiment. Although he made important discoveries and advancements, Benjamin did not “invent” the 　　　　　(electric).  6.[2025全国二]The awkward moment ended with the class erupting 　　　　　 laughter. I forced a smile, unsure how to respond further.  7.[2026江苏淮安月考]With improvements in punches(重拳击打), kicks and throws, she now competes with greater 　　　　　 (calm)and determination.  8.In order to tell how 　　　　　(power) a tornado is, scientists look at how much 　　　　　(destroy) it causes.   9.[2026辽宁沈阳重点高中联考]“Breathe—hold ice gently,” she spoke softly through the line(电话线路). Every word felt like a warm hand 　　　　　(tap) me on the back.   10.What's more, US science writer Robert Samuel says about 90 percent of people 　　　　　(be)right-handed, so they naturally turn to the right when choosing a line.   Ⅱ.单元语法专练 题型(一) 将下列句子合并为含定语从句的主从复合句 1.Look at the boy and his dog. I meet them every day on my way to school. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.[2025北京]The headmaster asked my father to come to school. My father's shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and shame. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.He showed me a photo in his room. The photo was taken in Egypt by his father. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.The city is in ruins. It was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.The man is our new manager. You spoke to him this morning. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  题型(二) 用适当的关系代词填空 A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing 　　Mary 1.　　　　　 drawings were shown at the exhibition(展览会) last month is a model student 2.　　　　　 is often praised for her good works at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall, our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.　　　　　 was hung on the wall in front of us.   　　The horse 4.　　　　　 is in the drawing is exactly like a real one. The man 5.　　　　　 is riding on it looks like a living man.   　　It is the best drawing 6.　　　　　 I have ever seen, and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7.　　　　　 I have ever heard of. However, you will be quite mistaken if you think that Mary is a born painter. One of her teachers told me that it had taken Mary thousands of hours to learn and practise drawing before she became the person of 8.　　　　　 her school is proud.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 [2026吉林四平月考] 　　It is hardly surprising that rivers have been an important part of human history: They provide food, fresh water, and rich land for growing crops. While water is crucial to life, it can be a destructive force, too. When rivers flood, the effects can be destructive. Flooding is one of the most common types of natural disasters, and it is often fatal(灾难性的). 　　While floods bring damage, they also bring nutrients(营养) and essential components for life. Seasonal floods can renew(更新) ecosystems, providing life-giving water in more ways than one. Floods transport vital nutrients to the surrounding land. When the water flows away, it leaves nutrients behind on the floodplain. This rich, natural fertilizer improves soil quality and has a positive effect on plant growth, thus increasing productivity in the ecosystem. Ancient civilizations first started along the river mouths of seasonally flooded rivers, such as the Nile, because they provided rich soil for farmlands. 　　Floods can supply underground water sources. Floodwater goes into the ground, and then passes through beds of soil and rock, finally reaching underground aquifers(含水层). These aquifers supply clean fresh water to springs, wells, lakes, and rivers. Ecosystems rely heavily on groundwater during dry spells when it may be the only supply of fresh water available. A good supply of groundwater has a great impact on soil health and leads to more productive crops and pasturelands. 　　Floods are a force of nature, and their results, both positive and negative, are strongly felt by affected ecosystems. Floods can be destructive to humans and the natural environment, but they also help to drive biodiversity and are essential to the functioning of many ecosystems. Whether you consider floods to be good or bad, one thing is for certain: The world would be a very different place without them. 　1.Why does the author mention the role of water in paragraph 1? A.To show its importance in life.　　 B.To lead in the topic of flooding. C.To present an argument about water.　　 D.To describe the damaging force of nature. 2.What made the Nile one of the ancient civilization birthplaces? A.The nutrients left in the water.　　B.The plant growth on the farmland. C.The groundwater sources in the ecosystem.　　D.The soil quality improved by fertilizer. 3.What can we imply from the text? A.Floods only bring damage to ecosystems. B.Floods are the main source of all groundwater. C.Floods provide fresh water directly to the rivers. D.Floods are important for underground water renewal. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.The Effects of Floods on Agriculture　　 B.The History of Flooding in Ecosystems C.Rivers: A Source of Natural Environment　　 D.Floods: A Force for Destruction and Renewal Ⅱ.七选五 [2026陕西渭南期中] 　　Natural disasters can strike anywhere, and schools are no exception. Here are some steps for students to take to survive when a natural disaster hits schools. 　　Prepare an emergency kit. 　1　 It should include necessary items such as a flashlight, batteries, a first aid kit, water, and non-perishable(不易腐坏的) food. Keeping this kit at hand can ensure students are always prepared.   　　Practice regular drills(演习). Regular disaster drills are just as important as fire drills. 　2　 Schools should conduct such drills regularly to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs, which will help students react quickly and minimize the risk.   　　Recognise safe areas. Knowing where safe zones are in the school can be a lifesaver. When a disaster hits, students should quickly head to the nearest safe area that can provide the best protection. Examples include hallways, the underside of desks, or designated shelter areas. 　3　  　　Understand the risk types. Different areas may face different types of natural disasters. For example, coastal areas are more likely to experience hurricanes, and landslides are a main danger in mountainous areas. 　4　 By learning specific knowledge, they can take appropriate action during a disaster.   　　　5　 Students should stay calm and take immediate action based on different situations. For example, during a tornado, they should move to the lowest floor of the building and take cover under stable furniture. In the event of a flood, students should move to higher ground. Earthquakes require us to drop to the ground, take cover under a table, and hold on until the shake stops.  A.Offer immediate care. B.Take action in different situations. C.Schools should check on all students and workers. D.Every student should have a personal emergency kit. E.These areas should be decided in advance within the school. F.They help students learn what to do in real emergency situations. G.So schools should teach students about the specific type of disaster in their local areas. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 [2026湖北荆州期中] 　　On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore. Worse still, the waves 　1　 thousands dead. Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to 　2　 the disaster without any loss of life. A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger with her 　3　 of tsunamis.  　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach. People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, 　4　 the warm sea air and enjoying the soft 　5　 that brushed their hair. Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something 　6　. “The water was like the bubbles(气泡) on the top of a beer,” she later explained. “It wasn't 　7　 and it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the 　8　 of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson.   　　Sabrina was 　9　, but she soon kept her head. She warned her parents of the 　10　, though at first they just thought she was 　11　. However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was 　12　 and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. To her great relief, the safety officer 　13　 realized the coming danger. The people were rapidly 　14　 from the beach, just before the huge waves 　15　 into the coast.   1.A.brought　　B.left C.affected　　D.led 2.A.survive　　B.recognize C.revive　　D.quit 3.A.impression　　B.knowledge C.wisdom　　D.detail 4.A.taking in　　B.making up C.focusing on　　D.checking out 5.A.sunshine　　B.wind C.whistle　　D.wave 6.A.unique　　B.powerful C.attractive　　D.strange 7.A.narrow　　B.adventurous C.calm　　D.distant 8.A.damages　　B.signs C.effects　　D.results 9.A.confused　　B.embarrassed C.frightened　　D.annoyed 10.A.stress　　B.development C.credit　　D.danger 11.A.cheating　　B.debating C.joking　　D.helping 12.A.under control　　B.on hand C.out of sight　　D.on its way 13.A.actually　　B.anxiously C.curiously　　D.immediately 14.A.cured　　B.warned C.cleared　　D.reminded 15.A.crashed　　B.slid C.divided　　D.tapped 答案 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.with　考查介词。supply sb. with sth.意为“给某人提供某物”。故填with。句意:本次活动将为您提供与该领域专家合作的宝贵机会。 2.on　考查介词。survive on意为“靠……生存”。故填on。句意:你怎么能靠这么差的饮食生存呢?如果你不健康,保持苗条是没有意义的。 3.in　考查介词。in the open air意为“露天,在户外”。故填in。句意:夏季游泳助理最适合想在户外工作的人。 4.with　考查介词。with the aid of...意为“在……的帮助下”。故填with。句意:随着技术的兴起,人们很容易在移动应用程序的帮助下观察不同的物种。 5.electricity　考查名词。句意:所有人都知道本杰明那次著名的风筝实验的故事。尽管他取得了诸多重要的发现与进展,但本杰明并没有“发明”电。设空处表示“电”,应用名词electricity。 6.into　考查介词。erupt into laughter表示“突然大笑,爆发出笑声”。故填into。句意:那个尴尬的瞬间以全班爆发出笑声结束。我强颜欢笑,不确定该如何进一步回应。 7.calmness　考查名词。设空处与后面的determination并列,应用名词形式,故填calmness。句意:随着拳法、腿法和摔法的技艺提升,她如今参赛时愈发沉着坚定。 8.powerful;destruction　考查形容词和名词。句意:为了知道龙卷风的威力,科学家们研究它造成的破坏程度。 根据第一空前面的how和后面的is可知这里应填形容词powerful构成感叹句;根据第二空前面的look at可知how much引导宾语从句,从句中动词causes后面缺少宾语,所以这里应填名词destruction(不可数)。 9.tapping　考查动词-ing形式。空前已有谓语,且空前没有连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词。提示词tap与前面的hand为主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式作后置定语,故填 tapping,注意双写p。句意:“吸气——轻轻握住冰块。” 她的声音隔着电话线路轻柔地传来。每一个字都像一只温暖的手,轻轻拍着我的后背。 10.are　考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中says和turn to的时态可知,该句为客观描述,设空处也应用一般现在时;“数字+percent of+复数意义的名词”作主语,谓语动词应用复数,故填are。句意:此外,美国科普作家Robert Samuel 表示,约90%的人惯用右手,因此他们在选择队伍时会自然地转向右边。 Ⅱ.题型(一) 1.Look at the boy and his dog that I meet every day on my way to school. 2.The headmaster asked my father to come to school, whose shaky faith in me brought a mix of relief and shame. 3.The photo (which/that) he showed me in his room was taken in Egypt by his father. 4.The city that/which was struck by a terrible earthquake yesterday is in ruins. 5.The man whom/who/that you spoke to this morning is our new manager./The man to whom you spoke this morning is our new manager. 题型(二) 1.whose　先行词是Mary,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填whose。 2.who/that　先行词是a model student,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。 3.that/which　先行词是a very large picture,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。 4.that/which　先行词是The horse,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。 5.who/that　先行词是The man,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who或that。 6.that　先行词是drawing,被形容词最高级修饰,指物,关系词在定语从句中作have ever seen的宾语,故填that。 7.that　先行词被形容词最高级修饰,指人,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,故填that。 8.whom　先行词是the person,指人,关系词前面有介词of,故填whom。of与后面的is proud构成is proud of。 能力提升练 Ⅰ. 1.B　推理判断题。第一段先说明河流在人类历史中的重要作用,接着用“While water is crucial to life, it can be a destructive force, too.”转折,引出洪水的破坏性,进而围绕洪水展开介绍。由此可知,作者提及水的作用是为了引出洪水这一核心话题。故选 B。 2.D　细节理解题。第二段提到,洪水会将至关重要的养分输送到周边的土地上。当洪水退去后,养分会被遗留在泛洪区。这种肥沃的天然肥料能改善土壤质量,随后指出古代文明发源于季节性泛滥的河流入海口,如尼罗河,原因是这些地方能为农田提供肥沃土壤。正是洪水留下的天然肥料改善了土壤质量,才让尼罗河成为古文明发源地之一。故选 D。 3.D　推理判断题。第三段前两句说明了洪水补给地下水源的过程,故可推知,洪水对地下水更新具有重要意义。故选D。以下是洪水补给地下水源的示意图: 4.D　主旨大意题。文章第一段提出水具有两面性,而且洪水是灾难性的,第二、三段分别从养分补给和地下水回补两个方面说明洪水的积极意义,最后一段提出“洪水利弊并存”。故D项“洪水:破坏与更新的力量”适合作为本文最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ. 1.D　本段主旨是“准备急救包(Prepare an emergency kit.)”,空后具体说明急救包应包含的物品及随身携带的重要性。D项“每个学生都应有一个个人急救包”承接本段主旨句,且空后的It恰好指代D项中的“a personal emergency kit”。故选D。 2.F　本段主旨是“定期开展演习(Practice regular drills.)”,空前强调灾害演习与消防演习同等重要,空后说明学校定期开展演习的目的(to ensure that students know what to do when a real disaster occurs)。F 项“它们帮助学生学会在真实的紧急情况下该做什么”中的“They”指代前文的“Regular disaster drills”,阐释了灾难演习的作用,衔接空前的“重要性”与空后的“目的”,逻辑连贯。故选F。 3.E　本段主旨是“识别安全区域(Recognise safe areas.)”,空前列举了学校内的安全区域(走廊、课桌下方、指定的避难区)。E项“这些区域应在学校内提前确定”中的“These areas”指代前文列举的安全区域,补充说明安全区域需要提前规划,符合语境。故选E。 4.G　本段主旨是“了解风险类型(Understand the risk types.)”,空前举例说明不同地区面临的特定自然灾害,空后强调学习针对性的知识有助于学生采取适当行动。G项“因此学校应教授学生当地特定的灾害类型”承上启下,符合语境。故选G。 5.B　设空处为本段主旨句。根据其他段落的主旨句可知,此处应为祈使句,答案锁定在A项或B项。根据下文提到的“根据不同情况立即采取行动”以及具体的例子可知,B项“在不同情况下采取行动”符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ. 1.B　根据空后的“thousands dead”可知,巨浪造成的结果是使数千人死亡。表示“让……处于某种状态”用“leave sb./sth.+adj.”结构。A.带来;B.使……处于;C.影响;D.导致。故选B。 2.A　根据空后的“without any loss of life”并结合下句的“A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape danger”可推知,由于这个10岁女孩的帮助,金海岸海滩的游客在灾难中幸存了下来。A.幸存;B.识别;C.复苏;D.离开。故选A。 3.B　根据第二段最后一句中的“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”以及Sabrina Andron对水中出现的现象的分析可推知,Sabrina Andron用她学到的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱离了危险。A.印象;B.知识;C.智慧;D.细节。故选B。 4.A　根据空后的“the warm sea air”以及前后文描述的人们放松的场景可推知,人们在海滩上呼吸着温暖的海洋空气。A.吸入;B.组成;C.专注于;D.调查。故选A。 5.B　根据空后的“that brushed their hair”可推知,海滩上吹拂着头发的应该是轻柔的风。A.阳光;B.风;C.哨子声;D.波浪。故选B。 6.D　根据下文提到的“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer”“It was just coming in and in and in.”等信息可推知,Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些怪事情。A.独特的;B.强有力的;C.吸引人的;D.奇怪的。故选D。 7.C　根据空后的“it wasn't going in and then out. It was just coming in and in and in”可知,海水不是有进有出,而是不断地涌进来,这说明海水并不平静。A.狭窄的;B.惊险的;C.平静的,风平浪静的;D.遥远的。故选C。 8.B　根据空后的“an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a geography lesson”可推知,Sabrina刚刚在地理课上学到这些现象,所以这里指她意识到这些奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的征兆。A.损害赔偿金;B.迹象,征兆;C.影响;D.结果。故选B。 9.C　根据空后的“but she soon kept her head(但她很快就冷静了下来)”可知,刚开始知道海啸即将到来时Sabrina感到害怕。A.困惑的;B.感到尴尬的;C.感到害怕的;D.生气的。故选C。 10.D　根据下文的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”,并结合文中第一段以及最后一段中提到的“danger”可推知,Sabrina意识到灾难要来了,所以警告父母海啸来临的危险。A.压力;B.发展;C.信用;D.危险。故选D。 11.C　根据下一句“However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was....and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.”可推知,起初Sabrina向父母发出警告时,他们以为Sabrina是在开玩笑,不相信灾难要来临。A.欺骗;B.辩论;C.开玩笑;D.帮助。故选C。 12.D　根据空后的“kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer”可推知,Sabrina不断要求她的父母与安全员交谈,说明她确信海啸即将来临。A.在控制中;B.现有(尤指帮助);C.看不见;D.即将来临。故选D。 13.D　根据“To her great relief”可知,安全员立刻意识到了即将来临的危险。A.事实上;B.焦虑地;C.好奇地;D.立刻。故选D。 14.C　根据第一段的“Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.”可知,海啸最终没有给金海岸海滩带来人员伤亡,所以这里指在海啸来临前,海滩上的人被疏散了。clear sb. from sp.意为“把某人从某地疏散/驱散”。A.治愈;B.警告;C.疏散,驱散;D.提醒。故选C。 15.A　根据空前后的“the huge waves...into the coast”可推知,因为发生的是海啸,所以这里指巨浪撞击海岸。A.碰撞;B.滑动;C.分开;D.轻拍。故选A。 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $