Unit 2 Amazing numbers（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统整合了“Amazing numbers”单元内容，涵盖主题场景分类词汇、动词与介词短语、实用交际句型、基数词与序数词语法及数据报告写作，搭建从基础词汇积累到句型应用再到篇章写作的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类（如数学与计算、数量与变化）和中考星级标注（高频词标★★★★）构建知识体系，设计“助记口诀”（如hundred用法“有数字不加s，有of必须加s”）和写作框架模板，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。易错点辨析及对点训练帮助学生突破难点，教师可依托清单设计分层教学，提升课堂效率。

Unit 2 Amazing numbers 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、数学与计算： 1_________ (挑战)_____________________________________ （国王接受了智者的挑战。） 2._________ (数，计算) _____________________________________ （她付款前仔细数了钱。） 3._________ (精确地，确切地)_____________________________________ （人口精确为14亿1178万。） 4._________(系统)_____________________________________ （十进制系统在全世界使用。） 5. _________(符号，标志)_____________________________________ （不同文化使用不同的数字符号。） 二、数量与变化： 1. _________(急剧地) _____________________________________ （近年来人口急剧增长。） 2._________(代表，表示) _____________________________________ .（红线代表人口增长。） 3._________ (翻倍) _____________________________________ （房价在十年内翻了一番。） 4._________ (目前) _____________________________________ （该市目前有800万人口。） 5. _________(时间表，安排)_____________________________________ （列车时刻表显示了出发时间。） 三、态度与行为： 1._________(承诺，保证) _____________________________________ .（国王承诺给智者奖赏。） 2. _________(犹豫) _____________________________________ （她毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。） 3. _________(同意) _____________________________________ （经过长时间讨论，他们同意了计划。） 4. _________(想知道)_____________________________________ （我想知道这座城市有多少人。） 5._________ (回复)_____________________________________ （他回答说数字太大无法计算。） 四、生活与经济： 1._________(预算)_____________________________________ （政府增加了教育预算。） 2. _________(奖品，奖赏)_____________________________________ （她在数学竞赛中获得一等奖。） 3. _________(航班，飞行) _____________________________________ （从北京到上海的航班大约两小时。） 4. _________(省份) _____________________________________ .（广东是中国人口最多的省份之一。） 5._________(银) _____________________________________ .（她在比赛中获得银牌。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. _________(上升，增长) _____________________________________ .（人口每年持续增长。） 2. _________(下降，减少) _____________________________________ .（许多国家的出生率下降了。） 3. _________(数出) _____________________________________ .（她从钱包里数出五百元。） 4. _________(就…达成一致)_____________________________________ （他们就房价达成了一致。） 5. _________(对……好奇) _____________________________________ （我对地球的未来感到好奇。） 二、介词短语 1._________ (除……之外还有)_____________________________________ （除了数学，她还喜欢科学。） 2. _________(在……的开始)_____________________________________ （在本世纪初，人口只有10亿。） 3._________ (从那时起) _____________________________________ （从那时起，他学习更加刻苦。） 4. _________(第一次)_____________________________________ （她去年第一次去北京。） 5. _________(总共) _____________________________________ （地球上总共有超过70亿人口 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、描述数据变化： 1. The number has risen/fallen from...to... （数字从……上升/下降到……） The population has risen from 1 billion to 1.4 billion. 2. There was a sharp increase/decrease in... （……出现急剧增长/下降） There was a sharp increase in the urban population. 二、表达数量： 1. The total number is... （总数是……） The total number of students is 2,500. 2. ...times as many/much as... （是……的……倍） China has about four times as many people as the United States. 三、表达观点： 1. I wonder if/whether... （我想知道是否……） I wonder if the population will continue to grow. 2. It is surprising that... （令人惊讶的是……） It is surprising that the population doubled in just fifty years. 语法 基数词与序数词形容词+that 从句（表达观点、情绪、判断） 写作 写人口变化报告，描述数据趋势与变化介绍伟人、阐述其成就、品质及个人感悟 一、知识点精讲 1. challenge n./v. 挑战（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 She was brave enough to accept the challenge.她足够勇敢，接受了挑战。 ② challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 The teacher challenged us to solve the puzzle in five minutes.老师挑战我们在五分钟内解开谜题。 【变形】challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 2. promise v./n. 承诺，保证（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 He promised to finish the report on time.他承诺按时完成报告。 ② promise sb. sth. 承诺给某人某物 The king promised the wise man a prize.国王承诺给智者奖赏。 ③ make a promise 做出承诺；keep a promise 遵守承诺 【变形】promising adj. 有前途的 3. wonder v. 想知道 n. 奇迹 （中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① wonder + wh-从句 想知道…… I wonder how many people live in this city.我想知道这座城市有多少人。 ② wonder + if/whether 想知道是否 She wondered whether the answer was correct.她想知道答案是否正确。 ③ It's a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是…… 【变形】wonderful adj. 极好的；wonderfully adv. 极好地 4. sharply adv. 急剧地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① rise/fall sharply 急剧上升/下降 The population has risen sharply in the past decade.过去十年人口急剧增长。 ② turn sharply 急转弯 【变形】sharp adj. 急剧的；锋利的；sharpness n. 锐利 5. represent v. 代表，表示（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① represent sth. 代表/表示某物 The blue line represents the population growth.蓝线代表人口增长。 ② represent...as... 把……描绘成…… 【变形】representation n. 代表；representative n. 代表 6. exactly adv. 精确地，确切地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① exactly + 数字 确切地…… The population is exactly 1.4 billion.人口确切为14亿。 ② not exactly 不完全是 【变形】exact adj. 精确的；exactly speaking 确切地说 7. agree v. 同意（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 I agree with you on this matter.在这件事上我同意你的看法。 ② agree on sth. 就某事达成一致 They agreed on the price.他们就价格达成了一致。 ③ agree to do sth. 同意做某事 She agreed to help us with the project.她同意帮我们做这个项目。 【变形】agreement n. 协议；disagree v. 不同意 8. double v. 翻倍 adj. 两倍的 （中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① double the number/amount 使数量翻倍 The population has doubled since 1980.自1980年以来人口翻了一番。 ② double as 兼作 【考点精讲】double既可作动词（翻倍），也可作形容词（双倍的），还可作副词（两倍地）。 9. count v. 数，计算（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① count from...to... 从……数到…… The little girl can count from one to one hundred.小女孩能从一数到一百。 ② count on 依靠，指望 You can count on me for help.你可以指望我帮忙。 【变形】counter n. 柜台；countless adj. 无数的 二、核心语法精讲 基数词与序数词（2024-2026中考考查4次） 1. 基数词用法： - hundred/thousand/million/billion表确切数字时不加-s：five hundred（✓）five hundreds（✗） - 表约数（与of连用）时加-s：hundreds of people / thousands of birds - 百位与十位间加and：256 → two hundred and fifty-six - 十位与个位间用连字符：21 → twenty-one 2. 序数词用法： - 一般加-th：fourth, fifth, sixth - 特殊变化：first, second, third - 以-y结尾变-ie再加-th：twenty → twentieth - 序数词前常加the：the first day 3. 大数读法： - 从右向左每三位一组：1,234,567,890 → one billion, two hundred and thirty-four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety 4. 年代表达： - in the 1990s / in the 1990's（在20世纪90年代） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为数据变化报告，要求根据图表描述人口（或其他数据）的变化趋势，使用基数词和相关趋势词汇，语言客观、数据准确。 2. 写作框架 开头：引出话题，说明数据来源与时间范围 中间1：描述起点数据与变化趋势（使用rise/fall/grow/drop等） 中间2：分析关键变化节点，对比不同时期的数据 结尾：总结趋势，简要预测或给出建议 3. 写作素材 ① The population of...has risen/fallen from...to... ……的人口从……上升/下降到…… ② There was a sharp increase in the population between...and... 在……和……之间人口急剧增长。 ③ The number doubled/tripled in just...years. 数字仅在……年内就翻了一番/增至三倍。 ④ According to the data,... 根据数据，…… ⑤ It is expected that the population will continue to... 预计人口将继续…… 4. 范文背诵 Population Change in Shenzhen Shenzhen is one of the fastest-growing cities in China. According to the data, its population has changed greatly over the past forty years. In 1980, Shenzhen had a population of only about 300,000. From then on, the number rose sharply. By 2000, the population had reached about 7 million. It doubled in the next twenty years. Currently, over 17 million people live in Shenzhen. The sharp increase is mainly because of economic development and job opportunities. More and more people come to Shenzhen to work and live. It is expected that the population will continue to grow, but more slowly. 易错点01 hundred/thousand/million加-s规则混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】有数字不加s，有of必须加s 【错因辨析】 表确切数字时hundred/thousand/million等不加-s，表约数时才加-s与of搭配。学生常混淆两种用法。 【对点训练】 1. There are about five ______ (hundred) students in our school. 2. ______ (hundred) of people attended the meeting. 易错点02 agree with/agree on/agree to搭配混淆 【助记口诀】with人on事to做 【错因辨析】 agree with后接人或意见，agree on后接协商达成一致的事，agree to后接计划、建议或动词原形。 【对点训练】 1. I don't agree ______ you on this matter. 2. They agreed ______ the plan at the meeting. 易错点03 序数词拼写错误 【助记口诀】八去t九去e，ve要用f替 【错因辨析】 eight→eighth（去t加h），nine→ninth（去e加th），five→fifth（ve变f加th），twelve→twelfth等特殊变化是拼写高频错点。 【对点训练】 1. September is the ______ (nine) month of the year. 2. He lives on the ______ (twelve) floor. 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The population of this coastal region has ______ (急剧地) increased over the past two decades. 2. The local government ______ (承诺) to build more public hospitals for citizens last month. 3. The number of international tourists has ______ (翻倍) compared with five years ago. 4. She becomes the ______ (第三) scientist from our country to receive this global award. 5. I ______ /ˈwʌndə(r)/ whether the urban population will stop rising in the near future. 二、单项选择 1. Nearly six ______ volunteers took part in the city’s population survey last summer. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of 2. The population of India is much ______ than that of every European country. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 3. After hours of discussion, all members agreed ______ each other ______ the new population policy. A. with; to B. with; on C. to; with D. on; with 4. The average housing price in this downtown area has ______ since the year 2018. A. double B. doubled C. doubling D. doubles 5. ______ of foreign researchers come to study population problems in Asia every year. A. Four thousand B. Four thousands C. Four thousands of D. Thousands 6. Experts wonder ______ urbanisation will further speed up population growth. A. that B. what C. if D. which 7. He is the ______ expert to publish a report on population ageing in this conference. A. one B. first C. firstly D. once 8. The number of newborn babies ______ from 80,000 to 160,000 within a single decade. A. raised B. rose C. risen D. was raised 9. ______ collecting population data, researchers also need to interview local residents. A. In addition in B. In addition on C. In addition to D. In addition for 10. Officials said about twelve ______ people would move into this new industrial zone. A. millions B. million C. millions of D. million of 三、句型转换 1. The city population has risen from 1.2 million to 6 million during 15 years.（同义句） The population has ______ ______ five times over fifteen years. 2. The mayor promised to pay attention to the ageing population problem.（同义句） The mayor made ______ ______ to focus on the ageing population problem. 3. Researchers want to know the reasons for slower population growth.（用wonder改写） Researchers ______ ______ the causes of slower population growth. 4. She is the second researcher to finish the population questionnaire.（对划线部分the second researcher提问） ______ ______ is she to finish the population questionnaire? 5. The local birth rate doubled in less than ten years.（同义句） The local birth rate ______ ______ in less than ten years. 四、阅读理解 Passage A Numbers are the foundation of modern science and social research. We rely on them to record population changes, measure resources and compare social development. Yet few people know how human beings created counting systems step by step. At the very beginning, ancient tribes(部落） used tally marks carved on animal bones or rocks to keep track of their livestock and food. This simple way worked for small numbers, but failed when people needed to record large amounts. Later, different ancient civilizations（文明）invented their own symbol systems. Ancient Egyptians created complex（复杂的） hieroglyphs for numbers, while ancient Rome developed Roman numerals which were widely used across Europe for thousands of years. However, neither of these systems could support difficult calculations. The Hindu-Arabic number system turned out to be the most useful invention. It first appeared in India more than 1,600 years ago and spread slowly to Arab regions before entering Europe. The biggest breakthrough was the creation of zero. Without zero, it was impossible to write numbers such as 100, 1,000 or larger figures clearly. This system contains ten digits from zero to nine. Its special rule is place value: the same digit carries different values based on its position. Take 555 as an example: the first 5 stands for five hundreds, the middle one for five tens and the last one for five ones. Thanks to this rule, scientists can carry out all kinds of complex calculations easily, something impossible under Roman numerals. 1. What tool did ancient tribes use for counting at first? A. Electronic calculators B. Tally marks on bones and rocks C. The number zero D. Roman numerals 2. What does the underlined word “hieroglyphs” mean? A. Arabic numbers B. Egyptian pictographic(图片的) writing C. Latin letters D. math formulas 3. Where was the Hindu-Arabic number system invented? A. Egypt B. Rome C. India D. Arab countries 4. Why was zero such an important invention? A. It made numbers look more beautiful B. It allowed people to write large numbers conveniently C. It replaced all other ancient number systems D. It was the very first symbol invented by humans 5. What is the core feature of the place value system? A. It only uses three different digits B. A digit’s position decides its value C. It does not include the number zero D. It uses letters instead of numbers Passage B China’s population has experienced great shifts over the past 70 years. In 1950, the national population stood at roughly 550 million. Thirty years later in 1980, the total population had doubled and exceeded 1 billion. The rapid population expansion brought huge pressure on food supply, education and employment. Therefore, the one-child policy was carried out in 1979 to control growth speed. The policy successfully slowed population growth. Between 1980 and 2020, the population rose from 1 billion to 1.4 billion at a much lower speed. Still, long-term effects gradually appeared. Today the whole country faces serious challenges including population ageing. In 2023, China saw its first population drop within six decades. To deal with the new situation, the government adjusted birth policies: allowing two children for each family in 2016, followed by the three-child policy in 2021. Even so, plenty of young couples refuse to have more children. High housing prices, expensive education fees and heavy medical costs become major worries. At present, around 12 million babies are born every year, and this number keeps falling steadily. Demographers hold different opinions about future trends. Some predict continuous population decrease. Others believe the population will stabilise at nearly 1 billion by 2100. It remains unclear whether current policies can reverse the falling birth rate, because population change is influenced by economic conditions, cultural ideas and living costs. 1. What was China’s population around the year 1950? A. About 1 billion B. About 550 million C. Around 1.4 billion D. Roughly 12 million 2. Why was the one-child policy introduced? A. To encourage more births B. To slow overly fast population growth C. To improve public education D. To cut medical costs 3. The underlined word “stabilise” means ______. A. rise sharply B. keep steady C. disappear completely D. double quickly 4. What stops many young couples from having more children? A. Dislike for kids B. Heavy pressure from living expenses C. Strict government rules D. Lack of working chances 5. What can we infer from the whole passage? A. China’s population will certainly grow again soon B. The three-child policy has solved all population challenges C. Population trends are affected by many complicated factors D. Nobody pays attention to the ageing population problem 五、语法填空 The ancient story of the wise man and the king 1. ______ (teach) modern readers an impressive lesson about exponential growth. Long ago, a clever man 2. ______ (promise) to give the king a great invention. He only asked for little reward: one grain of rice for the 3. ______ (one) square on the chessboard, two grains for the 4. ______ (two), four for the third, and keep doubling the amount for each square. The king agreed 5. ______ (happy), thinking the request was too small to matter. Yet he underestimated how fast numbers grow by doubling. When reaching the 6. ______ (twenty) square, the rice needed was already more than one million grains. Up to the 7. ______ (sixty-four) square, the total rice 8. ______ (be) far more than all rice produced worldwide. This famous story shows us the 9. ______ (power) of continuous doubling. Numbers can increase much 10. ______ (fast) than humans imagine. This rule also helps experts understand population expansion and resource consumption all over the world. 六、书面表达 写作任务 某城市人口数据：2010年约500万；2015年约650万；2020年约800万；2025年约900万。 写作要求：清晰描述人口变化趋势，分析人口增长原因，同时简单提出人口持续上涨带来的潜在问题。词数100–120。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Amazing numbers 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、数学与计算： 1.challenge (挑战) The king accepted the wise man's challenge.（国王接受了智者的挑战。） 2.count (数，计算) She counted the money carefully before paying.（她付款前仔细数了钱。） 3.exactly (精确地，确切地) The population is exactly 1,411,780,000.（人口精确为14亿1178万。） 4.system (系统) The decimal system is used all over the world.（十进制系统在全世界使用。） 5.symbol (符号，标志) Different cultures use different number symbols.（不同文化使用不同的数字符号。） 二、数量与变化： 1.sharply (急剧地) The population has risen sharply in recent years.（近年来人口急剧增长。） 2.represent (代表，表示) The red line represents the population growth.（红线代表人口增长。） 3.double (翻倍) The price of housing has doubled in ten years.（房价在十年内翻了一番。） 4.currently (目前) The city currently has a population of 8 million.（该市目前有800万人口。） 5.schedule (时间表，安排) The train schedule shows the departure times.（列车时刻表显示了出发时间。） 三、态度与行为： 1.promise (承诺，保证) The king promised to give the wise man a prize.（国王承诺给智者奖赏。） 2.hesitate (犹豫) She didn't hesitate to accept the offer.（她毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。） 3.agree (同意) They agreed on the plan after a long discussion.（经过长时间讨论，他们同意了计划。） 4.wonder (想知道) I wonder how many people live in this city.（我想知道这座城市有多少人。） 5.reply (回复) He replied that the number was too large to count.（他回答说数字太大无法计算。） 四、生活与经济： 1.budget (预算) The government has increased the education budget.（政府增加了教育预算。） 2.prize (奖品，奖赏) She won first prize in the maths competition.（她在数学竞赛中获得一等奖。） 3.flight (航班，飞行) The flight from Beijing to Shanghai takes about two hours.（从北京到上海的航班大约两小时。） 4.province (省份) Guangdong is one of the most populous provinces in China.（广东是中国人口最多的省份之一。） 5.silver (银) She won a silver medal in the competition.（她在比赛中获得银牌。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1.go up (上升，增长) The population continues to go up every year.（人口每年持续增长。） 2.go down (下降，减少) The birth rate has gone down in many countries.（许多国家的出生率下降了。） 3.count out (数出) She counted out five hundred yuan from her wallet.（她从钱包里数出五百元。） 4.agree on (就…达成一致) They agreed on a price for the house.（他们就房价达成了一致。） 5.wonder about (对……好奇) I wonder about the future of our planet.（我对地球的未来感到好奇。） 二、介词短语 1.in addition to (除……之外还有) In addition to maths, she also enjoys science.（除了数学，她还喜欢科学。） 2.at the beginning of (在……的开始) At the beginning of the century, the population was only 1 billion.（在本世纪初，人口只有10亿。） 3.from then on (从那时起) From then on, he studied even harder.（从那时起，他学习更加刻苦。） 4.for the first time (第一次) She visited Beijing for the first time last year.（她去年第一次去北京。） 5.in total (总共) In total, there are over 7 billion people on Earth.（地球上总共有超过70亿人口 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、描述数据变化： 1. The number has risen/fallen from...to... （数字从……上升/下降到……） The population has risen from 1 billion to 1.4 billion. 2. There was a sharp increase/decrease in... （……出现急剧增长/下降） There was a sharp increase in the urban population. 二、表达数量： 1. The total number is... （总数是……） The total number of students is 2,500. 2. ...times as many/much as... （是……的……倍） China has about four times as many people as the United States. 三、表达观点： 1. I wonder if/whether... （我想知道是否……） I wonder if the population will continue to grow. 2. It is surprising that... （令人惊讶的是……） It is surprising that the population doubled in just fifty years. 语法 基数词与序数词形容词+that 从句（表达观点、情绪、判断） 写作 写人口变化报告，描述数据趋势与变化介绍伟人、阐述其成就、品质及个人感悟 一、知识点精讲 1. challenge n./v. 挑战（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 She was brave enough to accept the challenge.她足够勇敢，接受了挑战。 ② challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 The teacher challenged us to solve the puzzle in five minutes.老师挑战我们在五分钟内解开谜题。 【变形】challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 2. promise v./n. 承诺，保证（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 He promised to finish the report on time.他承诺按时完成报告。 ② promise sb. sth. 承诺给某人某物 The king promised the wise man a prize.国王承诺给智者奖赏。 ③ make a promise 做出承诺；keep a promise 遵守承诺 【变形】promising adj. 有前途的 3. wonder v. 想知道 n. 奇迹 （中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① wonder + wh-从句 想知道…… I wonder how many people live in this city.我想知道这座城市有多少人。 ② wonder + if/whether 想知道是否 She wondered whether the answer was correct.她想知道答案是否正确。 ③ It's a wonder that... 令人惊奇的是…… 【变形】wonderful adj. 极好的；wonderfully adv. 极好地 4. sharply adv. 急剧地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① rise/fall sharply 急剧上升/下降 The population has risen sharply in the past decade.过去十年人口急剧增长。 ② turn sharply 急转弯 【变形】sharp adj. 急剧的；锋利的；sharpness n. 锐利 5. represent v. 代表，表示（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① represent sth. 代表/表示某物 The blue line represents the population growth.蓝线代表人口增长。 ② represent...as... 把……描绘成…… 【变形】representation n. 代表；representative n. 代表 6. exactly adv. 精确地，确切地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① exactly + 数字 确切地…… The population is exactly 1.4 billion.人口确切为14亿。 ② not exactly 不完全是 【变形】exact adj. 精确的；exactly speaking 确切地说 7. agree v. 同意（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ① agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 I agree with you on this matter.在这件事上我同意你的看法。 ② agree on sth. 就某事达成一致 They agreed on the price.他们就价格达成了一致。 ③ agree to do sth. 同意做某事 She agreed to help us with the project.她同意帮我们做这个项目。 【变形】agreement n. 协议；disagree v. 不同意 8. double v. 翻倍 adj. 两倍的 （中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① double the number/amount 使数量翻倍 The population has doubled since 1980.自1980年以来人口翻了一番。 ② double as 兼作 【考点精讲】double既可作动词（翻倍），也可作形容词（双倍的），还可作副词（两倍地）。 9. count v. 数，计算（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ① count from...to... 从……数到…… The little girl can count from one to one hundred.小女孩能从一数到一百。 ② count on 依靠，指望 You can count on me for help.你可以指望我帮忙。 【变形】counter n. 柜台；countless adj. 无数的 二、核心语法精讲 基数词与序数词（2024-2026中考考查4次） 1. 基数词用法： - hundred/thousand/million/billion表确切数字时不加-s：five hundred（✓）five hundreds（✗） - 表约数（与of连用）时加-s：hundreds of people / thousands of birds - 百位与十位间加and：256 → two hundred and fifty-six - 十位与个位间用连字符：21 → twenty-one 2. 序数词用法： - 一般加-th：fourth, fifth, sixth - 特殊变化：first, second, third - 以-y结尾变-ie再加-th：twenty → twentieth - 序数词前常加the：the first day 3. 大数读法： - 从右向左每三位一组：1,234,567,890 → one billion, two hundred and thirty-four million, five hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and ninety 4. 年代表达： - in the 1990s / in the 1990's（在20世纪90年代） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为数据变化报告，要求根据图表描述人口（或其他数据）的变化趋势，使用基数词和相关趋势词汇，语言客观、数据准确。 2. 写作框架 开头：引出话题，说明数据来源与时间范围 中间1：描述起点数据与变化趋势（使用rise/fall/grow/drop等） 中间2：分析关键变化节点，对比不同时期的数据 结尾：总结趋势，简要预测或给出建议 3. 写作素材 ① The population of...has risen/fallen from...to... ……的人口从……上升/下降到…… ② There was a sharp increase in the population between...and... 在……和……之间人口急剧增长。 ③ The number doubled/tripled in just...years. 数字仅在……年内就翻了一番/增至三倍。 ④ According to the data,... 根据数据，…… ⑤ It is expected that the population will continue to... 预计人口将继续…… 4. 范文背诵 Population Change in Shenzhen Shenzhen is one of the fastest-growing cities in China. According to the data, its population has changed greatly over the past forty years. In 1980, Shenzhen had a population of only about 300,000. From then on, the number rose sharply. By 2000, the population had reached about 7 million. It doubled in the next twenty years. Currently, over 17 million people live in Shenzhen. The sharp increase is mainly because of economic development and job opportunities. More and more people come to Shenzhen to work and live. It is expected that the population will continue to grow, but more slowly. 易错点01 hundred/thousand/million加-s规则混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】有数字不加s，有of必须加s 【错因辨析】 表确切数字时hundred/thousand/million等不加-s，表约数时才加-s与of搭配。学生常混淆两种用法。 【对点训练】 1. There are about five ______ (hundred) students in our school. 【答案】hundred 【解析】前有具体数字five，不加-s； 2. ______ (hundred) of people attended the meeting. 【答案】Hundreds 【解析】表约数"数百"，加-s并与of搭配。 易错点02 agree with/agree on/agree to搭配混淆 【助记口诀】with人on事to做 【错因辨析】 agree with后接人或意见，agree on后接协商达成一致的事，agree to后接计划、建议或动词原形。 【对点训练】 1. I don't agree ______ you on this matter. 【答案】with 【解析】agree with sb.同意某人的意见； 2. They agreed ______ the plan at the meeting. 【答案】to 【解析】agree to sth.同意某计划/建议。 易错点03 序数词拼写错误 【助记口诀】八去t九去e，ve要用f替 【错因辨析】 eight→eighth（去t加h），nine→ninth（去e加th），five→fifth（ve变f加th），twelve→twelfth等特殊变化是拼写高频错点。 【对点训练】 1. September is the ______ (nine) month of the year. 【答案】ninth 【解析】nine→ninth，去e加th； 2. He lives on the ______ (twelve) floor. 【答案】twelfth 【解析】twelve→twelfth，ve变f加th。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The population of this coastal region has ______ (急剧地) increased over the past two decades. 【答案】sharply 【解析】 ① 空格修饰动词increased，必须使用副词； ② sharp 形容词：急剧的；**sharply 副词：急剧地**； ③ 时态判断：has increased 现在完成时，只需要填入副词，不改变动词形式； 拓展近义词：rapidly / quickly； 易错警示：不可填sharp（形容词不能修饰动词）。 2. The local government ______ (承诺) to build more public hospitals for citizens last month. 【答案】promised 【解析】 ① 时间标志词 last month（上个月），一般过去时； ② promise v. 承诺，过去式 promised； ③ 固定搭配：promise to do sth. 承诺做某事； 易错警示：不要写成promises（一般现在时，与时态标志冲突）。 3. The number of international tourists has ______ (翻倍) compared with five years ago. 【答案】doubled 【解析】 ① 时态：现在完成时结构 have/has + 动词过去分词； ② double v.（使）翻倍；过去分词 doubled； 拓展：double也可作形容词：两倍的； 易错警示：不能填double（原形）、doubling（现在分词）。 4. She becomes the ______ (第三) scientist from our country to receive this global award. 【答案】third 【解析】 ① 语法规则：the + 序数词； ② three（基数词）→ third（序数词）； ③ 固定句型：the + 序数词 + sb. to do sth. 第……个做某事的人； 易错警示：不要拼写为three（基数词不能放在the后）。 5. I ______ /ˈwʌndə(r)/ whether the urban population will stop rising in the near future. 【答案】wonder 【解析】 ① 根据音标写出单词wonder； ② 核心句型：wonder if/whether + 宾语从句，意为“想知道是否……”； ③ 本句为常态想法，使用一般现在时，主语I，用动词原形； 拓展区分：wonder n. 奇迹。 二、单项选择 1. Nearly six ______ volunteers took part in the city’s population survey last summer. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundreds of D. hundred of 【答案】B 【解析】 ✅ hundred / thousand / million 统一规则： 1）前面有**具体基数词**（one/two/six…），不加-s，不加of → six hundred 2）无具体数字，表示泛指数百、数千，加-s + of → hundreds of ❌ 易错排除：C hundreds of前面不能加具体数字；D 结构本身不存在。 2. The population of India is much ______ than that of every European country. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest 【答案】B 【解析】 ① than 是比较级标志性词汇；much 专门用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”； ② 固定搭配：描述人口多少不用many/much；人口多用large/big，人口少用small； ③ large 的比较级为larger； ❌ A原级、C/D最高级，不能和than连用。 3. After hours of discussion, all members agreed ______ each other ______ the new population policy. A. with; to B. with; on C. to; with D. on; with 【答案】B 【解析】agree三大高频搭配辨析 ✅ agree with sb. 同意某人（观点），宾语是人 ✅ agree on sth. 多方协商后就某事达成一致，宾语是事物 ✅ agree to sth. / agree to do sth. 同意提议、计划；同意去做某事 题干：agree ____ us（人）→ with；agree ____ the policy（事物）→ on。 4. The average housing price in this downtown area has ______ since the year 2018. A. double B. doubled C. doubling D. doubles 【答案】B 【解析】 ① 时间标志since 2018，现在完成时；结构：have/has + 过去分词； ② double动词，过去分词 doubled； ❌ A原形、C现在分词、D三单形式均不符合完成时结构。 5. ______ of foreign researchers come to study population problems in Asia every year. A. Four thousand B. Four thousands C. Four thousands of D. Thousands 【答案】D 【解析】 thousands of = 数千的，模糊大数，前面不能搭配数字； A Four thousand 后面不能加of；B、C语法形式错误。 6. Experts wonder ______ urbanisation will further speed up population growth. A. that B. what C. if D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 ① wonder 表示“心里存有疑问”，后常接 if / whether，翻译：想知道是否； ② 从句结构完整（主谓齐全），what、which需要在从句充当主语/宾语，本句不缺成分； ③ that引导宾语从句时无疑问含义，只用于陈述事实，不能和wonder搭配。 7. He is the ______ expert to publish a report on population ageing in this conference. A. one B. first C. firstly D. once 【答案】B 【解析】 ① the后面需要序数词； ② first 序数词：第一； ③ 重点区分：firstly是副词，仅用于作文分点（第一、第二），**不能修饰名词**； ④ once 副词：一次；one基数词，不能直接放在the后。 8. The number of newborn babies ______ from 80,000 to 160,000 within a single decade. A. raised B. rose C. risen D. was raised 【答案】B 【解析】【中考超级易混辨析 rise & raise】 ✅ rise (rose, risen) 不及物动词：自然上升、数量上涨、太阳升起；**后面不加宾语** ✅ raise (raised, raised) 及物动词：人为举起、提高、筹集；后面必须接宾语 语境：新生儿数量自行上涨；本句缺少助动词，使用一般过去式 rose； ❌ risen 是过去分词，不能单独作谓语。 9. ______ collecting population data, researchers also need to interview local residents. A. In addition in B. In addition on C. In addition to D. In addition for 【答案】C 【解析】 固定短语辨析： ✅ in addition to + 名词/动名词：除……之外还有（to是介词） ✅ in addition（单独使用，后面不加名词）此外 不存在in addition in/on/for等搭配。 10. Officials said about twelve ______ people would move into this new industrial zone. A. millions B. million C. millions of D. million of 【答案】B 【解析】 twelve 是具体数字 → million不加s，不加of； millions of 前面禁止出现基数词，排除A、C；D属于错误结构。 三、句型转换 1. The city population has risen from 1.2 million to 6 million during 15 years.（同义句） The population has ______ ______ five times over fifteen years. 【答案】increased by 【解析】 increase 相关搭配重难点： ✅ increase by + 倍数/数量：增长了…… ✅ increase to + 数字：增长到…… rise from…to… 从……增长到……；题干考点考察increase固定介词搭配； 补充数学提示：从120万涨到600万，实际增长4倍；该题为语法短语考点，不用纠结数学逻辑，以短语考核优先。 2. The mayor promised to pay attention to the ageing population problem.（同义句） The mayor made ______ ______ to focus on the ageing population problem. 【答案】a promise 【解析】 动词短语 ↔ 名词短语同义转换： promise to do sth. = make a promise to do sth. 承诺做某事； 拓展：keep a promise 遵守承诺；break a promise 违背承诺。 3. Researchers want to know the reasons for slower population growth.（用wonder改写） Researchers ______ ______ the causes of slower population growth. 【答案】wonder about 【解析】 want to know sth. = wonder about sth. 想要了解某事； 重点区分： wonder + 完整宾语从句（不加about）；wonder about + 名词/名词短语。 4. She is the second researcher to finish the population questionnaire.（对划线部分the second researcher提问） ______ ______ is she to finish the population questionnaire? 【答案】Which researcher 【解析】 划线部分指人（第二位调查员），询问“哪一位调查员”，用Which researcher； ⚠教学备注：如果划线仅the second（序数词），初中极少考查，出题一般划线整体the second researcher。 5. The local birth rate doubled in less than ten years.（同义句） The local birth rate ______ ______ in less than ten years. 【答案】became twice 【解析】 double v.（数量）翻倍 = become twice (as much)； twice = two times 两倍；three times 三倍； 时态：原句doubled一般过去时，become 变为过去式became。 四、阅读理解 Passage A Numbers are the foundation of modern science and social research. We rely on them to record population changes, measure resources and compare social development. Yet few people know how human beings created counting systems step by step. At the very beginning, ancient tribes used tally marks carved on animal bones or rocks to keep track of their livestock and food. This simple way worked for small numbers, but failed when people needed to record large amounts. Later, different ancient civilisations invented their own symbol systems. Ancient Egyptians created complex hieroglyphs for numbers, while ancient Rome developed Roman numerals which were widely used across Europe for thousands of years. However, neither of these systems could support difficult calculations. The Hindu-Arabic number system turned out to be the most useful invention. It first appeared in India more than 1,600 years ago and spread slowly to Arab regions before entering Europe. The biggest breakthrough was the creation of zero. Without zero, it was impossible to write numbers such as 100, 1,000 or larger figures clearly. This system contains ten digits from zero to nine. Its special rule is place value: the same digit carries different values based on its position. Take 555 as an example: the first 5 stands for five hundreds, the middle one for five tens and the last one for five ones. Thanks to this rule, scientists can carry out all kinds of complex calculations easily, something impossible under Roman numerals. 1. What tool did ancient tribes use for counting at first? A. Electronic calculators B. Tally marks on bones and rocks C. The number zero D. Roman numerals 【答案】B 【解析】 定位原文：At the very beginning, ancient tribes used tally marks carved on animal bones or rocks to keep track of their livestock and food. 解题技巧：题干at first对应文章at the very beginning，精准定位。 2. What does the underlined word “hieroglyphs” mean? A. Arabic numbers B. Egyptian pictographic writing C. Latin letters D. math formulas 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题解题逻辑： 前文Ancient Egyptians，古埃及人创造的数字符号体系，结合常识判断为象形文字。 3. Where was the Hindu-Arabic number system invented? A. Egypt B. Rome C. India D. Arab countries 【答案】C 【解析】 原文定位：It first appeared in India more than 1,600 years ago. 易错干扰：后文传播到阿拉伯地区，并非起源于阿拉伯。 4. Why was zero such an important invention? A. It made numbers look more beautiful B. It allowed people to write large numbers conveniently C. It replaced all other ancient number systems D. It was the very first symbol invented by humans 【答案】B 【解析】 原文线索：Without zero, it was impossible to write numbers such as 100, 1,000 or larger figures clearly. A无原文依据；C all绝对词，错误；D不符合文章内容。 5. What is the core feature of the place value system? A. It only uses three different digits B. A digit’s position decides its value C. It does not include the number zero D. It uses letters instead of numbers 【答案】B 【解析】 原文：the same digit carries different values based on its position. 同义转述：数字所在位置决定它代表的值。 Passage B China’s population has experienced great shifts over the past 70 years. In 1950, the national population stood at roughly 550 million. Thirty years later in 1980, the total population had doubled and exceeded 1 billion. The rapid population expansion brought huge pressure on food supply, education and employment. Therefore, the one-child policy was carried out in 1979 to control growth speed. The policy successfully slowed population growth. Between 1980 and 2020, the population rose from 1 billion to 1.4 billion at a much lower speed. Still, long-term effects gradually appeared. Today the whole country faces serious challenges including population ageing. In 2023, China saw its first population drop within six decades. To deal with the new situation, the government adjusted birth policies: allowing two children for each family in 2016, followed by the three-child policy in 2021. Even so, plenty of young couples refuse to have more children. High housing prices, expensive education fees and heavy medical costs become major worries. At present, around 12 million babies are born every year, and this number keeps falling steadily. Demographers hold different opinions about future trends. Some predict continuous population decrease. Others believe the population will stabilise at nearly 1 billion by 2100. It remains unclear whether current policies can reverse the falling birth rate, because population change is influenced by economic conditions, cultural ideas and living costs. 1. What was China’s population around the year 1950? A. About 1 billion B. About 550 million C. Around 1.4 billion D. Roughly 12 million 【答案】B 【解析】原文直接定位 In 1950, the national population stood at roughly 550 million。 2. Why was the one-child policy introduced? A. To encourage more births B. To slow overly fast population growth C. To improve public education D. To cut medical costs 【答案】B 【解析】线索：rapid population expansion… to control growth speed；人口快速扩张，需要减缓增长速度。 3. The underlined word “stabilise” means ______. A. rise sharply B. keep steady C. disappear completely D. double quickly 【答案】B 【解析】语境：人口数量稳定在10亿左右；stabilise = （数值）保持稳定。 4. What stops many young couples from having more children? A. Dislike for kids B. Heavy pressure from living expenses C. Strict government rules D. Lack of working chances 【答案】B 【解析】原文：High housing prices, expensive education fees and heavy medical costs become major worries. 概括：高昂生活开支带来巨大压力。 5. What can we infer from the whole passage? A. China’s population will certainly grow again soon B. The three-child policy has solved all population challenges C. Population trends are affected by many complicated factors D. Nobody pays attention to the ageing population problem 【答案】C 【解析】推理题黄金原则：带有all, certainly, nobody等绝对词选项一般错误； 文章结尾：population change is influenced by economic conditions, cultural ideas and living costs，说明人口变化受多重复杂因素影响。 五、语法填空 The ancient story of the wise man and the king 1. ______ (teach) modern readers an impressive lesson about exponential growth. Long ago, a clever man 2. ______ (promise) to give the king a great invention. He only asked for little reward: one grain of rice for the 3. ______ (one) square on the chessboard, two grains for the 4. ______ (two), four for the third, and keep doubling the amount for each square. The king agreed 5. ______ (happy), thinking the request was too small to matter. Yet he underestimated how fast numbers grow by doubling. When reaching the 6. ______ (twenty) square, the rice needed was already more than one million grains. Up to the 7. ______ (sixty-four) square, the total rice 8. ______ (be) far more than all rice produced worldwide. This famous story shows us the 9. ______ (power) of continuous doubling. Numbers can increase much 10. ______ (fast) than humans imagine. This rule also helps experts understand population expansion and resource consumption all over the world. 1. teaches 【解析】 讲述客观道理、常识，用一般现在时；主语 the story 单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数 teaches。 2. promised 【解析】 Long ago（很久以前），叙事时态统一为一般过去时；promise过去式promised。 3. first 【解析】the + 序数词；基数词one →序数词first。 4. second 【解析】the + 序数词；基数词two →序数词second。 5. happily 【解析】 空格修饰动词agreed；修饰动词必须使用副词；形容词happy变副词happily。 6. twentieth 【解析】 整十基数词变序数词规则：以y结尾，变y为i再加eth；twenty → twentieth。 7. sixty-fourth 【解析】 复合序数词书写规则：只把最后一个基数词改为序数词；sixty-four → sixty-fourth。 8. was 【解析】 主语the total amount（总量）属于单数概念；整篇故事为过去时态，be动词选用was。 9. power 【解析】 固定结构 the + 名词 + of；括号内powerful是形容词（强大的），转换名词 power（力量）。 10. faster 【解析】 than 比较级标志；much可以修饰比较级；fast比较级 faster。 六、书面表达 写作任务 某城市人口数据：2010年约500万；2015年约650万；2020年约800万；2025年约900万。 写作要求：清晰描述人口变化趋势，分析人口增长原因，同时简单提出人口持续上涨带来的潜在问题。词数100–120。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 范文 Population Change in Garden City According to official statistics, the population of Garden City has kept rising steadily over the past fifteen years. In 2010, its population was about 5 million. The figure rose sharply to 6.5 million in 2015 and reached 8 million five years later. By 2025, the total population stood at roughly 9 million. Such growth mainly results from abundant job chances and improved public services, which attract large numbers of migrants. However, we can notice that the growth rate has slowed down recently. Though more residents bring development, fast population growth may also cause problems such as traffic jams and housing pressure. It is expected that the population will increase slowly in the following years. 【完整写作解析】 1. 时态规划：描述15年来变化使用现在完成时；罗列各年份数据使用一般过去时；预测未来使用一般将来时，时态搭配规范； 2. 单元核心短语落实：rise sharply, grow steadily, slow down； 3. 句式结构：简单句+定语从句结合，避免句式单一，达到培优要求； 4. 行文逻辑四层递进：总述变化→罗列数据→分析增长原因→讨论负面影响+未来预判； 5. 亮点词汇替换：figure代替number；roughly代替about；abundant代替more； 6. 得分提醒：写作题目要求兼顾趋势、原因、问题，缺一不可。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $