Unit 1 Look it up（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 1知识清单系统整合了“Look it up!”主题下的核心内容，涵盖分类词汇、短语、交际句型、语法及写作五大模块，构建了从“主题场景词汇积累”到“实用短语运用”再到“语法规则理解”最后到“百科条目写作输出”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类（如百科知识、人物品质）和中考星级标注（如“talented”标为四星高频）呈现知识体系，兼具完整性与针对性。设计“助记口诀”（如die/dead/death/dying辨析口诀）、“写作框架”（含开头中间结尾结构）及“易错点训练”（some/any用法对点练习），助力学生提升语言能力与学习能力，教师可直接用于课堂教学或学生自主复习，高效落实核心素养培养。

Unit 1 Look it up ! 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、百科知识与研究： 1. __________ (恐龙)_______________________________ （恐龙在数百万年前灭绝了。） 2. __________(聪明的，有才智的) _______________________________ （她是我们班最聪明的学生之一。） 3. __________(史前的) _______________________________ （史前动物在人类出现很久之前就生活着。） 4. __________ (笔记本) _______________________________ （他在笔记本上记下了关键信息。） 5. __________ (百科全书) _______________________________ .（你可以在百科全书中查找答案。） 二、人物与品质： 1. __________ (有天赋的) _______________________________ （她在绘画和音乐方面很有天赋。） 2. __________(艺术的) _______________________________ （他的艺术作品闻名世界。） 3. __________ (也许，可能) _______________________________ （也许有一天我们会找到答案。） 4. __________(原创的，原始的) _______________________________ （原作保存在国家博物馆。） 三、生命与存在： 1. __________(出生，诞生)_______________________________ （这位伟大科学家的诞生改变了历史。） 2. __________(死亡)_______________________________ （他的突然离世震惊了全世界。） 3. __________ (整个的，完整的)_______________________________ （她花了整个下午阅读百科全书。） 4. __________(痛苦，苦难)_______________________________ （他忍受了巨大的痛苦但从未放弃。） 四、行为与组织： 1. __________(组织，安排) _______________________________ （学生需要在百科条目中清晰地组织信息。） 2. __________(顺序，秩序)_______________________________ （请按字母顺序排列姓名。） 3. __________ (记录) _______________________________ .（这本书记录了古代文明的历史。） 4. __________ (编辑)_______________________________ （编辑核对了百科全书中的每一个事实。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. __________(查阅，查找)_______________________________ （你可以在词典中查找生词。） 2. __________ (灭绝，消失)_______________________________ （许多物种因人类活动而灭绝。） 3. __________(出生)_______________________________ （她1990年出生在一个小村庄。） 4. __________ (成长，长大) _______________________________ （他在乡下长大，热爱自然。） 5. __________(查明，发现)_______________________________ （我们需要查明这个事件的真相。） 6. __________(了解，学习) _______________________________ （我们可以从百科全书中了解历史。） 二、介词短语 1. __________(因……而闻名) _______________________________ （这座城市因美丽的湖泊而闻名。） 2. __________(对……感兴趣)_______________________________ （她对科技感兴趣。） 3. __________ (根据，按照)_______________________________ （根据百科全书，恐龙在地球上生活了超过1.6亿年。） 4. __________(数以千计的)_______________________________ （每年有成千上万的人参观博物馆。） 5. __________ (因为)_______________________________ （比赛因大雨取消了。） 6. __________ (另一方面) ._______________________________ （另一方面，互联网也带来了一些问题。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、查询信息： 1. Can you look up... for me?（你能帮我查一下……吗？） Can you look up the population of China for me? 2. I'd like to find out about...（我想了解关于……） I'd like to find out about the history of dinosaurs. 二、介绍人物： 1. be considered (to be)...（被认为是……） Yuan Longping is considered to be the "Father of Hybrid Rice". 2. be famous for...（因……而闻名） Mozart is famous for his classical music compositions. 三、表达数量： 1. thousands of / millions of...（数以千计的/数以百万计的……） Millions of people have read this encyclopaedia. 2. a type of...（一种……） The T-Rex was a type of meat-eating dinosaur. 语法 some/any + 不定代词（something/anything/nothing/somebody/anybody/nobody等） 写作 写百科条目（encyclopaedia entry），介绍名人基本信息、主要成就与荣誉 一、知识点精讲 1. intelligent adj. 聪明的，有才智的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①an intelligent person/student 聪明的人/学生 She is an intelligent student who always asks good questions. 她是个聪明的学生，总能提出好问题。 ②intelligent 指思维敏捷、理解力强；clever 侧重机灵；smart 侧重精明 【变形】intelligence n. 智力；intelligently adv. 聪明地 2. talented adj. 有天赋的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ①be talented in (doing) sth. 在某方面有天赋 She is talented in painting and music. 她在绘画和音乐方面很有天赋。 ②have a talent for sth. 有……的天赋（名词搭配） He has a talent for writing stories. 他有写故事的天赋。 【变形】talent n. 天赋；talentless adj. 无天赋的 3. die v. 死亡（中考易错★★★★★） 【句型】 ①die out 灭绝；消失（固定搭配） Many animal species have died out because of pollution. 许多动物物种因污染而灭绝。 ②die of 死于（内因：疾病、饥饿等）；die from 死于（外因：事故、受伤等） 【变形】death n. 死亡；dead adj. 死的；dying adj. 垂死的 【考点精讲】die是短暂性动词，不与时间段连用。要表示"死了多久"用be dead。 4. born adj. 出生（中考必考★★★★★） 【句型】 ①be born in + 地点/年份 出生于某地/某年 She was born in Beijing in 2000. 她2000年出生在北京。 ②be born to do sth. 天生注定做某事 He was born to be a great musician. 他天生就是伟大的音乐家。 【考点精讲】be born只用过去时was/were born，不用一般现在时。 5. original adj. 原始的，原创的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①the original painting/book 原作/原版书 The original painting is worth millions of dollars. 原作价值数百万美元。 ②original idea 创新的想法 She came up with an original idea for the project. 她为项目提出了一个创新的想法。 【变形】origin n. 起源；originally adv. 原本；originality n. 创意 6. organize v. 组织，安排（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①organize information/ideas 组织信息/思路 You should organize your ideas before writing. 写作前应该整理思路。 ②organized adj. 有条理的；organizer n. 组织者 【变形】organization n. 组织；organized adj. 有组织的 7. record v. 记录 n. 记录，唱片（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ①record the history/data 记录历史/数据 The book records the development of ancient civilisations. 这本书记录了古代文明的发展。 ②break a record 打破记录；set a record 创造记录 She set a new world record in the 100-metre race. 她在百米赛中创造了新的世界纪录。 【考点精讲】作名词时读音/ˈrekɔːd/，作动词时读音/rɪˈkɔːd/，注意发音区别。 8. completely adv. 完全地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①completely different 完全不同 Their opinions are completely different from each other. 他们的观点完全不同。 ②completely forget 完全忘记 I completely forgot about the meeting. 我完全忘记了那个会议。 【变形】complete v. 完成；adj. 完整的；incomplete adj. 不完整的 9. perhaps adv. 也许，可能（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①Perhaps + 句子 也许…… Perhaps he will come to the party tomorrow. 也许他明天会来参加派对。 ②同义词：maybe, possibly 【考点精讲】perhaps常位于句首，maybe更口语化，两者可互换。 二、核心语法精讲 some/any + 不定代词（2024-2026中考考查3次） 1. some/any的基本用法： - some用于肯定句：I have some questions about dinosaurs. - any用于否定句和疑问句：Do you have any information about this? / I don't have any idea. 2. 不定代词构成规律： - -thing 指物/事：something, anything, nothing, everything - -one/-body 指人：someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, nobody, everyone/everybody 3. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置： - something special（✓） special something（✗） - Is there anything interesting in the encyclopaedia? 4. some的特殊用法： - 用于期待肯定回答的疑问句（表请求/建议）： Would you like some water? / Can I ask some questions? 5. 不定代词作主语时谓语用单数： - Nobody knows the answer. / Everything is ready. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为百科条目，要求客观介绍名人的基本信息、主要成就和荣誉，语言严谨、事实准确，不含主观评价。 2. 写作框架 开头：引出人物，介绍身份与基本信息（姓名、出生年份、国籍等） 中间1：简述成长背景与求学经历 中间2：重点阐述核心成就、主要贡献与获得的荣誉 结尾：总结人物的历史地位与影响 3. 写作素材 ①He/She was born in... and showed great talent for... from an early age. 他/她出生于……，自幼展现出……的天赋。 ②He/She is famous for his/her outstanding contribution to... 他/她因在……方面的杰出贡献而闻名。 ③According to records, he/she... 根据记录，他/她…… ④His/Her achievements have greatly influenced... 他/她的成就极大地影响了…… ⑤He/She will always be remembered as... 他/她将永远被铭记为…… 4. 范文背诵 Yuan Longping — Father of Hybrid Rice Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He was a great agricultural scientist in China. From an early age, he was interested in plants and farming. He studied agriculture at university and spent his whole life researching rice. In the 1970s, he successfully developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice production. His invention helped feed millions of people around the world. He received many international awards for his contribution. Yuan Longping is considered the "Father of Hybrid Rice". His achievement will always be remembered by people all over the world. 易错点01 some/any在疑问句中的用法混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】请求建议用some，疑问否定用any来 【错因辨析】 学生常将some/any的用法简单化，认为疑问句一律用any，忽略了"期待肯定回答"这一特殊语境。 【对点训练】 1. —Would you like ______ (some/any) more rice? —Yes, please. 易错点02 不定代词+形容词的位置错误 【助记口诀】不定代词在前，形容词修饰在后站 【错因辨析】 形容词修饰不定代词时必须后置，学生常误将形容词前置，写成special something等错误形式。 【对点训练】 1. Is there ______ (something special / special something) in today's newspaper? 易错点03 die/dead/death/dying词形混淆 【助记口诀】die动词死，dead形容词死的，death名词死亡，dying将死 【错因辨析】 die是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；表示"死了多久"需要用be dead（延续状态）。 【对点训练】 1. The old man ______ for ten years. (died/has been dead) 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The ______（聪明的）girl solved the maths problem in just two minutes. 2. Many wild animals have ______（灭绝）because of habitat loss. 3. She was ______（出生）in a small town in southern China. 4. Please arrange the books in ______（字母顺序）order. 5. He showed great ______ /ˈtælənt/ for music from an early age. 二、单项选择 1. —Is there ______ interesting in the encyclopaedia? —Yes, there is ______ about dinosaurs. A. something; anything B. anything; something C. nothing; something D. anything; nothing 2. Dinosaurs ______ millions of years ago. A. died out B. died of C. died from D. died for 3. She is talented ______ painting and has won many prizes. A. on B. at C. in D. for 4. —Would you like ______ more tea? —Yes, please. A. any B. some C. many D. much 5. The book ______ the history of ancient China. A. record B. records C. recording D. recorded 6. ______ knows the answer to this question. It's too difficult. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 7. According ______ the report, the population has grown rapidly. A. with B. in C. to D. for 8. He ______ in Shanghai and later became a famous scientist. A. was born B. is born C. born D. has been born 9. I want to find ______ about the history of computers. A. in B. out C. up D. for 10. She spent the ______ afternoon reading in the library. A. all B. whole C. both D. every 三、句型转换 1. There is something wrong with the computer.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ wrong with the computer. 2. She was born in 2008.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she born? 3. The city is famous for its beautiful scenery.（同义替换） The city is ______ ______ its beautiful scenery. 4. He has a talent for playing basketball.（同义替换） He ______ ______ ______ playing basketball. 5. I want to find out the truth.（同义替换） I want to ______ ______ the truth. 四、阅读理解 A Have you ever wondered what life was like millions of years ago? Encyclopaedias can help us find the answers. They are like time machines that take us back to the past. The word "encyclopaedia" comes from Greek, meaning "general education". The first encyclopaedia was written over 2,000 years ago. Today, there are many types of encyclopaedias. Some are about science, some are about history, and others are about art or geography. Using an encyclopaedia is easy. If you want to know about a person, place, or thing, you just look it up. The information is organized in alphabetical order, so you can find what you need quickly. Some encyclopaedias are printed in books, while others are available online. Online encyclopaedias are convenient because you can search for information anytime and anywhere. However, not all information in online encyclopaedias is completely accurate. Anyone can edit some online encyclopaedias, so you should check the facts carefully. It is always a good idea to compare information from different sources. Choose the best answer. 1. Where does the word "encyclopaedia" come from? A. Latin B. Greek C. French D. English 2. How is information organized in an encyclopaedia? A. By date B. By topic C. In alphabetical order D. By country 3. What is the advantage of online encyclopaedias? A. They are always 100% accurate B. They are free of charge C. You can search anytime and anywhere D. Nobody can edit them 4. Why should you check facts carefully in online encyclopaedias? A. Because they are too old B. Because anyone can edit some of them C. Because they are not organised well D. Because they are not available 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Books B. How to Use an Encyclopaedia C. Online vs Printed Books D. Ancient Greek Education B Tu Youyou is one of the most famous scientists in China. She was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, in 1930. From an early age, she was interested in traditional Chinese medicine and science. After graduating from university, Tu began working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the 1960s, a serious disease called malaria was killing millions of people worldwide. Tu was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu and her team looked through thousands of traditional Chinese medical books. They found a recipe that mentioned using sweet wormwood to treat malaria. Tu tested the recipe many times and finally discovered artemisinin in 1971. This medicine has saved millions of lives around the world. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She was the first Chinese woman to receive this honour. Her story shows that traditional knowledge and modern science can work together to create something original and powerful. Choose the best answer. 1. When was Tu Youyou born? A. In 1913 B. In 1930 C. In 1960 D. In 2015 2. What disease was Tu Youyou trying to cure? A. Cancer B. Diabetes C. Malaria D. Heart disease 3. How did Tu find the recipe for the medicine? A. She invented it herself B. She learned it from a foreign doctor C. She found it in traditional Chinese medical books D. She bought it online 4. What does the underlined word "recipe" mean? A. 方法，配方 B. 食谱 C. 规则 D. 地图 5. What can we learn from Tu Youyou's story? A. Only modern science is useful B. Traditional knowledge and modern science can work together C. Nobel Prize winners are all men D. Chinese medicine is better than Western medicine 五、语法填空 Dinosaurs were perhaps the most 1. ______ (fascinate) creatures that ever lived on Earth. They 2. ______ (appear) about 230 million years ago and ruled the planet for over 160 million years. There were 3. ______ (thousand) of different types of dinosaurs. Some were as 4. ______ (small) as chickens, while others were bigger 5. ______ houses. Scientists study dinosaurs by 6. ______ (look) at their fossils. From fossils, they can find 7. ______ something about what dinosaurs ate, how they moved, and even how intelligent they were. 8. ______ (according) to recent research, some dinosaurs were actually very smart. 9. ______ (sad), all dinosaurs died out about 66 million years ago. Nobody knows 10. ______ (exact) why, but many scientists believe a huge asteroid hit the Earth. 六、书面表达 请以"A Great Person in History"为题，写一篇80词左右的百科条目，介绍一位历史名人。 要求：1. 介绍人物基本信息；2. 主要成就与贡献；3. 历史影响。语言客观、事实准确。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Look it up ! 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、百科知识与研究： 1. dinosaur (恐龙) Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.（恐龙在数百万年前灭绝了。） 2. intelligent (聪明的，有才智的) She is one of the most intelligent students in our class.（她是我们班最聪明的学生之一。） 3. prehistoric (史前的) Prehistoric animals lived long before humans appeared.（史前动物在人类出现很久之前就生活着。） 4. notebook (笔记本) He wrote down the key information in his notebook.（他在笔记本上记下了关键信息。） 5. encyclopaedia (百科全书) You can look up the answer in an encyclopaedia.（你可以在百科全书中查找答案。） 二、人物与品质： 1. talented (有天赋的) She is talented in painting and music.（她在绘画和音乐方面很有天赋。） 2. artistic (艺术的) His artistic works are famous around the world.（他的艺术作品闻名世界。） 3. perhaps (也许，可能) Perhaps we will find the answer one day.（也许有一天我们会找到答案。） 4. original (原创的，原始的) The original painting is kept in the national museum.（原作保存在国家博物馆。） 三、生命与存在： 1. birth (出生，诞生) The birth of this great scientist changed history.（这位伟大科学家的诞生改变了历史。） 2. death (死亡) His sudden death shocked the whole world.（他的突然离世震惊了全世界。） 3. whole (整个的，完整的) She spent the whole afternoon reading the encyclopaedia.（她花了整个下午阅读百科全书。） 4. suffering (痛苦，苦难) He endured great suffering but never gave up.（他忍受了巨大的痛苦但从未放弃。） 四、行为与组织： 1. organize (组织，安排) Students need to organize information clearly in an encyclopaedia entry.（学生需要在百科条目中清晰地组织信息。） 2. order (顺序，秩序) Please arrange the names in alphabetical order.（请按字母顺序排列姓名。） 3. record (记录) The book records the history of ancient civilisations.（这本书记录了古代文明的历史。） 4. editor (编辑) The editor checked every fact in the encyclopaedia.（编辑核对了百科全书中的每一个事实。） 短 语 一、动词短语 1. look up (查阅，查找) You can look up new words in the dictionary.（你可以在词典中查找生词。） 2. die out (灭绝，消失) Many species have died out because of human activities.（许多物种因人类活动而灭绝。） 3. be born (出生) She was born in a small village in 1990.（她1990年出生在一个小村庄。） 4. grow up (成长，长大) He grew up in the countryside and loved nature.（他在乡下长大，热爱自然。） 5. find out (查明，发现) We need to find out the truth about this event.（我们需要查明这个事件的真相。） 6. learn about (了解，学习) We can learn about history from encyclopaedias.（我们可以从百科全书中了解历史。） 二、介词短语 1. be famous for (因……而闻名) The city is famous for its beautiful lakes.（这座城市因美丽的湖泊而闻名。） 2. be interested in (对……感兴趣) She is interested in science and technology.（她对科技感兴趣。） 3. according to (根据，按照) According to the encyclopaedia, dinosaurs lived on Earth for over 160 million years.（根据百科全书，恐龙在地球上生活了超过1.6亿年。） 4. thousands of (数以千计的) Thousands of people visit the museum every year.（每年有成千上万的人参观博物馆。） 5. because of (因为) The match was cancelled because of the heavy rain.（比赛因大雨取消了。） 6. on the other hand (另一方面) On the other hand, the Internet also brings some problems.（另一方面，互联网也带来了一些问题。） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、查询信息： 1. Can you look up... for me?（你能帮我查一下……吗？） Can you look up the population of China for me? 2. I'd like to find out about...（我想了解关于……） I'd like to find out about the history of dinosaurs. 二、介绍人物： 1. be considered (to be)...（被认为是……） Yuan Longping is considered to be the "Father of Hybrid Rice". 2. be famous for...（因……而闻名） Mozart is famous for his classical music compositions. 三、表达数量： 1. thousands of / millions of...（数以千计的/数以百万计的……） Millions of people have read this encyclopaedia. 2. a type of...（一种……） The T-Rex was a type of meat-eating dinosaur. 语法 some/any + 不定代词（something/anything/nothing/somebody/anybody/nobody等） 写作 写百科条目（encyclopaedia entry），介绍名人基本信息、主要成就与荣誉 一、知识点精讲 1. intelligent adj. 聪明的，有才智的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①an intelligent person/student 聪明的人/学生 She is an intelligent student who always asks good questions. 她是个聪明的学生，总能提出好问题。 ②intelligent 指思维敏捷、理解力强；clever 侧重机灵；smart 侧重精明 【变形】intelligence n. 智力；intelligently adv. 聪明地 2. talented adj. 有天赋的（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ①be talented in (doing) sth. 在某方面有天赋 She is talented in painting and music. 她在绘画和音乐方面很有天赋。 ②have a talent for sth. 有……的天赋（名词搭配） He has a talent for writing stories. 他有写故事的天赋。 【变形】talent n. 天赋；talentless adj. 无天赋的 3. die v. 死亡（中考易错★★★★★） 【句型】 ①die out 灭绝；消失（固定搭配） Many animal species have died out because of pollution. 许多动物物种因污染而灭绝。 ②die of 死于（内因：疾病、饥饿等）；die from 死于（外因：事故、受伤等） 【变形】death n. 死亡；dead adj. 死的；dying adj. 垂死的 【考点精讲】die是短暂性动词，不与时间段连用。要表示"死了多久"用be dead。 4. born adj. 出生（中考必考★★★★★） 【句型】 ①be born in + 地点/年份 出生于某地/某年 She was born in Beijing in 2000. 她2000年出生在北京。 ②be born to do sth. 天生注定做某事 He was born to be a great musician. 他天生就是伟大的音乐家。 【考点精讲】be born只用过去时was/were born，不用一般现在时。 5. original adj. 原始的，原创的（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①the original painting/book 原作/原版书 The original painting is worth millions of dollars. 原作价值数百万美元。 ②original idea 创新的想法 She came up with an original idea for the project. 她为项目提出了一个创新的想法。 【变形】origin n. 起源；originally adv. 原本；originality n. 创意 6. organize v. 组织，安排（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①organize information/ideas 组织信息/思路 You should organize your ideas before writing. 写作前应该整理思路。 ②organized adj. 有条理的；organizer n. 组织者 【变形】organization n. 组织；organized adj. 有组织的 7. record v. 记录 n. 记录，唱片（中考高频★★★★） 【句型】 ①record the history/data 记录历史/数据 The book records the development of ancient civilisations. 这本书记录了古代文明的发展。 ②break a record 打破记录；set a record 创造记录 She set a new world record in the 100-metre race. 她在百米赛中创造了新的世界纪录。 【考点精讲】作名词时读音/ˈrekɔːd/，作动词时读音/rɪˈkɔːd/，注意发音区别。 8. completely adv. 完全地（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①completely different 完全不同 Their opinions are completely different from each other. 他们的观点完全不同。 ②completely forget 完全忘记 I completely forgot about the meeting. 我完全忘记了那个会议。 【变形】complete v. 完成；adj. 完整的；incomplete adj. 不完整的 9. perhaps adv. 也许，可能（中考中频★★★） 【句型】 ①Perhaps + 句子 也许…… Perhaps he will come to the party tomorrow. 也许他明天会来参加派对。 ②同义词：maybe, possibly 【考点精讲】perhaps常位于句首，maybe更口语化，两者可互换。 二、核心语法精讲 some/any + 不定代词（2024-2026中考考查3次） 1. some/any的基本用法： - some用于肯定句：I have some questions about dinosaurs. - any用于否定句和疑问句：Do you have any information about this? / I don't have any idea. 2. 不定代词构成规律： - -thing 指物/事：something, anything, nothing, everything - -one/-body 指人：someone/somebody, anyone/anybody, nobody, everyone/everybody 3. 形容词修饰不定代词时后置： - something special（✓） special something（✗） - Is there anything interesting in the encyclopaedia? 4. some的特殊用法： - 用于期待肯定回答的疑问句（表请求/建议）： Would you like some water? / Can I ask some questions? 5. 不定代词作主语时谓语用单数： - Nobody knows the answer. / Everything is ready. 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作核心为百科条目，要求客观介绍名人的基本信息、主要成就和荣誉，语言严谨、事实准确，不含主观评价。 2. 写作框架 开头：引出人物，介绍身份与基本信息（姓名、出生年份、国籍等） 中间1：简述成长背景与求学经历 中间2：重点阐述核心成就、主要贡献与获得的荣誉 结尾：总结人物的历史地位与影响 3. 写作素材 ①He/She was born in... and showed great talent for... from an early age. 他/她出生于……，自幼展现出……的天赋。 ②He/She is famous for his/her outstanding contribution to... 他/她因在……方面的杰出贡献而闻名。 ③According to records, he/she... 根据记录，他/她…… ④His/Her achievements have greatly influenced... 他/她的成就极大地影响了…… ⑤He/She will always be remembered as... 他/她将永远被铭记为…… 4. 范文背诵 Yuan Longping — Father of Hybrid Rice Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. He was a great agricultural scientist in China. From an early age, he was interested in plants and farming. He studied agriculture at university and spent his whole life researching rice. In the 1970s, he successfully developed hybrid rice, which greatly increased rice production. His invention helped feed millions of people around the world. He received many international awards for his contribution. Yuan Longping is considered the "Father of Hybrid Rice". His achievement will always be remembered by people all over the world. 易错点01 some/any在疑问句中的用法混淆（高频易错） 【助记口诀】请求建议用some，疑问否定用any来 【错因辨析】 学生常将some/any的用法简单化，认为疑问句一律用any，忽略了"期待肯定回答"这一特殊语境。 【对点训练】 1. —Would you like ______ (some/any) more rice? —Yes, please. 【答案】some 【解析】Would you like...? 是表示建议/请求的疑问句，期待肯定回答，用some。 易错点02 不定代词+形容词的位置错误 【助记口诀】不定代词在前，形容词修饰在后站 【错因辨析】 形容词修饰不定代词时必须后置，学生常误将形容词前置，写成special something等错误形式。 【对点训练】 1. Is there ______ (something special / special something) in today's newspaper? 【答案】something special 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词必须后置，正确语序为something special。 易错点03 die/dead/death/dying词形混淆 【助记口诀】die动词死，dead形容词死的，death名词死亡，dying将死 【错因辨析】 die是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；表示"死了多久"需要用be dead（延续状态）。 【对点训练】 1. The old man ______ for ten years. (died/has been dead) 【答案】has been dead 【解析】for ten years是时间段，不能与短暂性动词die连用，需用be dead的延续状态。 一、根据所给提示填空 1. The ______（聪明的）girl solved the maths problem in just two minutes. 【答案】intelligent 【解析】考查核心形容词intelligent，表示"聪明的"，修饰人。 2. Many wild animals have ______（灭绝）because of habitat loss. 【答案】died out 【解析】考查固定搭配die out，表示"灭绝"，用现在完成时。 3. She was ______（出生）in a small town in southern China. 【答案】born 【解析】考查固定搭配be born，表示"出生"，只用过去时。 4. Please arrange the books in ______（字母顺序）order. 【答案】alphabetical 【解析】考查形容词alphabetical，表示"字母顺序的"。 5. He showed great ______ /ˈtælənt/ for music from an early age. 【答案】talent 【解析】考查音标拼写与核心名词，have a talent for为固定搭配。 二、单项选择 1. —Is there ______ interesting in the encyclopaedia? —Yes, there is ______ about dinosaurs. A. something; anything B. anything; something C. nothing; something D. anything; nothing 【答案】B 【解析】考查some/any用法。疑问句用anything，肯定回答用something。 2. Dinosaurs ______ millions of years ago. A. died out B. died of C. died from D. died for 【答案】A 【解析】考查die短语辨析，die out表示"灭绝"，符合语境。 3. She is talented ______ painting and has won many prizes. A. on B. at C. in D. for 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配be talented in，表示"在……方面有天赋"。 4. —Would you like ______ more tea? —Yes, please. A. any B. some C. many D. much 【答案】B 【解析】Would you like...? 表建议/请求，期待肯定回答，用some。 5. The book ______ the history of ancient China. A. record B. records C. recording D. recorded 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致，the book为第三人称单数，动词加s。 6. ______ knows the answer to this question. It's too difficult. A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody D. Everybody 【答案】C 【解析】考查不定代词，后句说太难，用Nobody表示没人知道。 7. According ______ the report, the population has grown rapidly. A. with B. in C. to D. for 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配according to，表示"根据"。 8. He ______ in Shanghai and later became a famous scientist. A. was born B. is born C. born D. has been born 【答案】A 【解析】考查be born只用过去时was/were born。 9. I want to find ______ about the history of computers. A. in B. out C. up D. for 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定搭配find out，表示"查明，发现"。 10. She spent the ______ afternoon reading in the library. A. all B. whole C. both D. every 【答案】B 【解析】考查the whole afternoon，表示"整个下午"。 三、句型转换 1. There is something wrong with the computer.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ wrong with the computer. 【答案】is; nothing 【解析】否定句中something变nothing，谓语is不变。 2. She was born in 2008.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she born? 【答案】When was 【解析】对时间in 2008提问用When，be动词was提前。 3. The city is famous for its beautiful scenery.（同义替换） The city is ______ ______ its beautiful scenery. 【答案】known for 【解析】be famous for = be known for，表示"因……而闻名"。 4. He has a talent for playing basketball.（同义替换） He ______ ______ ______ playing basketball. 【答案】is talented in 【解析】have a talent for = be talented in，表示"在……方面有天赋"。 5. I want to find out the truth.（同义替换） I want to ______ ______ the truth. 【答案】look up 【解析】find out = look up，在"查找"义项下可同义替换。 四、阅读理解 A Have you ever wondered what life was like millions of years ago? Encyclopaedias can help us find the answers. They are like time machines that take us back to the past. The word "encyclopaedia" comes from Greek, meaning "general education". The first encyclopaedia was written over 2,000 years ago. Today, there are many types of encyclopaedias. Some are about science, some are about history, and others are about art or geography. Using an encyclopaedia is easy. If you want to know about a person, place, or thing, you just look it up. The information is organized in alphabetical order, so you can find what you need quickly. Some encyclopaedias are printed in books, while others are available online. Online encyclopaedias are convenient because you can search for information anytime and anywhere. However, not all information in online encyclopaedias is completely accurate. Anyone can edit some online encyclopaedias, so you should check the facts carefully. It is always a good idea to compare information from different sources. 1. Where does the word "encyclopaedia" come from? A. Latin B. Greek C. French D. English 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。第二段首句提到comes from Greek。 2. How is information organized in an encyclopaedia? A. By date B. By topic C. In alphabetical order D. By country 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第三段提到organized in alphabetical order。 3. What is the advantage of online encyclopaedias? A. They are always 100% accurate B. They are free of charge C. You can search anytime and anywhere D. Nobody can edit them 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第三段末句提到convenient because you can search anytime and anywhere。 4. Why should you check facts carefully in online encyclopaedias? A. Because they are too old B. Because anyone can edit some of them C. Because they are not organised well D. Because they are not available 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。末段提到Anyone can edit some online encyclopaedias。 5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The History of Books B. How to Use an Encyclopaedia C. Online vs Printed Books D. Ancient Greek Education 【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕百科全书的使用方法展开。 B Tu Youyou is one of the most famous scientists in China. She was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, in 1930. From an early age, she was interested in traditional Chinese medicine and science. After graduating from university, Tu began working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the 1960s, a serious disease called malaria was killing millions of people worldwide. Tu was chosen to lead a research team to find a cure. Tu and her team looked through thousands of traditional Chinese medical books. They found a recipe that mentioned using sweet wormwood to treat malaria. Tu tested the recipe many times and finally discovered artemisinin in 1971. This medicine has saved millions of lives around the world. In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. She was the first Chinese woman to receive this honour. Her story shows that traditional knowledge and modern science can work together to create something original and powerful. 1. When was Tu Youyou born? A. In 1913 B. In 1930 C. In 1960 D. In 2015 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。第一段提到She was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang, in 1930。 2. What disease was Tu Youyou trying to cure? A. Cancer B. Diabetes C. Malaria D. Heart disease 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第二段提到a serious disease called malaria。 3. How did Tu find the recipe for the medicine? A. She invented it herself B. She learned it from a foreign doctor C. She found it in traditional Chinese medical books D. She bought it online 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。第三段提到looked through thousands of traditional Chinese medical books。 4. What does the underlined word "recipe" mean? A. 方法，配方 B. 食谱 C. 规则 D. 地图 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。结合语境，recipe在此意为"方法，配方"，指治疗疟疾的药方。 5. What can we learn from Tu Youyou's story? A. Only modern science is useful B. Traditional knowledge and modern science can work together C. Nobel Prize winners are all men D. Chinese medicine is better than Western medicine 【答案】B 【解析】主旨理解题。末句明确点出traditional knowledge and modern science can work together。 五、语法填空 Dinosaurs were perhaps the most 1. ______ (fascinate) creatures that ever lived on Earth. They 2. ______ (appear) about 230 million years ago and ruled the planet for over 160 million years. There were 3. ______ (thousand) of different types of dinosaurs. Some were as 4. ______ (small) as chickens, while others were bigger 5. ______ houses. Scientists study dinosaurs by 6. ______ (look) at their fossils. From fossils, they can find 7. ______ something about what dinosaurs ate, how they moved, and even how intelligent they were. 8. ______ (according) to recent research, some dinosaurs were actually very smart. 9. ______ (sad), all dinosaurs died out about 66 million years ago. Nobody knows 10. ______ (exact) why, but many scientists believe a huge asteroid hit the Earth. 答案及解析 1.【答案】fascinating 【解析】考查形容词，the most fascinating表示"最迷人的"。 2.【答案】appeared 【解析】考查动词时态，发生在过去，用一般过去时。 3.【答案】thousands 【解析】考查thousands of固定搭配，表示"数以千计的"。 4.【答案】small 【解析】考查as...as结构，中间用形容词原级。 5.【答案】than 【解析】考查比较级标志词than，bigger than houses。 6.【答案】looking 【解析】考查介词by后接动名词，by looking at。 7.【答案】out 【解析】考查find out固定搭配，表示"发现，查明"。 8.【答案】According 【解析】考查According to固定搭配，表示"根据"，首字母大写。 9.【答案】Sadly 【解析】考查副词修饰全句，Sadly表示"令人悲伤的是"。 10.【答案】exactly 【解析】考查副词修饰动词knows，exactly表示"确切地"。 六、书面表达 请以"A Great Person in History"为题，写一篇80词左右的百科条目，介绍一位历史名人。 要求：1. 介绍人物基本信息；2. 主要成就与贡献；3. 历史影响。语言客观、事实准确。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： A Great Person in History Marie Curie was born in Poland in 1867. She was a great scientist who studied radioactivity. From an early age, Marie was interested in science. She moved to France to study at university and later worked in a laboratory with her husband Pierre. Together, they discovered two new elements — polonium and radium. In 1903, she became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. In 1911, she won a second Nobel Prize, making her the first person ever to win two. Marie Curie's discoveries have greatly influenced modern science and medicine. She will always be remembered as one of the greatest scientists in history. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $