专题03 阅读理解——研究报告类说明文（复习课件）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦阅读理解研究报告类说明文专题，覆盖Problem-solution-result等三大核心考点类型，对接高考评价体系，通过2024-2026年考情分析明确考点权重，归纳细节理解、推理判断等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题溯源+思维建模+靶向突破”策略，如以2026浙江卷真题为例，用“结构定位法”拆解问题-解决方案-结果逻辑，培养学生思维品质与语言能力，提供高频学术词汇及长难句拆解技巧，助力学生掌握答题规律，教师可据此实现精准复习指导。

阅读理解 研究报告类说明文 2027年高考一轮复习讲练测 专题03 学科：高中英语 版本：全国通用 01 命题透视・考情前瞻 （对标素养，研判高考命题趋势略） 02 03 04 思维建模・脉络梳理 （搭建知识框架，构建系统思维） 考点精讲・靶向突破 （拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式） 真题溯源・考向感知 （溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向） 考点一 考查研究报告Problem-solution-result类 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries-evidence(experiment, result)-conclusion(application/evaluation)类 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon-analysis-conclusion类 2 01 命题透视・考情前瞻 （对标素养，研判高考命题趋势） 01 命题透视・考情前瞻 核心考点 2026 2025 2024 人与自然 （2026高考二卷）D地铁能量回收 （2026浙江1月卷）D固碳优化植物根系 （2026高考一卷）C植树与改善城市环境 （2025高考I卷）D关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 （2024新高考I卷）D现代生物采样数据的科学性 人与自我     （2024浙江1月卷）儿童棉花糖实验引发思考 人与社会 （2026高考一卷）D对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响 （2026浙江1月卷）C关于虚假评论的研究 （2025高考II卷）D介绍了食物浪费问题 （2025高考II卷）C室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响 （2025浙江1月卷）D技术产品中的性别化现象 （2024新高考I卷）C纸质阅读与数字阅读在学习效果上的差异 （2024新高考II卷）D图书《人工智能设计:与人工智能共生的计划》 （2024新高考II卷）C巴比伦微农场 01 命题透视・考情前瞻 核心考点 2026 2025 2024 考情分析 1. 从命题内容上看，高考命题主要从以下几方面考查：研究报告是说明文类中重要的一种形式，也是英语试题中最难的部分。是我们在一轮复习中最应该突破的部分，因为一轮复习有时间攻坚克难。研究报告通常包括科普类、心理学类、语言类、宇宙探索类、社会交往类、人工智能类等，涉及的内容比较广泛。 2. 从命题思路上看： 研究报告类说明文通常包括研究结果、研究方法、研究过程、结论阐述、专家评议。研究结果通常会考查主旨大意，关键找中心句，研究方法、研究过程通常考查细节理解和推理判断，专家评议通常考查情感态度、推理判断。 预计2027年研究报告类说明文仍然是试卷中的难点。预想英语得高分成功突破研究报告是关键。 复习目标 1. 掌握研究报告说明文的文体特征。 2. 掌握研究报告说明文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领和选项规律。 3. 熟练掌握研究报告说明文常用的框架结构、说明顺序和说明方法是解题的关键所在，这样就能从整体着眼看清文章的脉络。 02 思维建模・脉络梳理 （搭建知识框架，构建系统思维） 02 思维建模・脉络梳理 文体特征与篇章结构 典型结构模型 研究报告类说明文 语言风格关键点 Introduction（引言）：背景、问题或假设 Methods（方法）：实验对象、过程、数据 Results（结果）：客观展示发现（图表 / 数据） Discussion（讨论）：解释意义、局限性 客观性：多用被动语态、第三人称 学术性：高频使用名词化结构和从句 严谨性：常用 may, suggest, likely 等限定词 02 思维建模・脉络梳理 核心考点与解题策略 主旨与细节 研究报告类说明文 推理与词义 主旨定位：关注首段末尾 Thesis Statement 和末段总结 细节同义替换：识别 increase/rise, lead to/result in 等转换 数据陷阱：区分实验组 / 对照组、实验前 / 后数据 适度推断：基于事实延伸，严禁过度脑补 上下文猜词：利用定义、举例 (such as)、对比线索 态度判断：通过转折词 (however) 后内容判断真实观点 02 思维建模・脉络梳理 高频词汇与长难句突破 必备学术动词 研究报告类说明文 长难句拆解 研究过程：conduct, investigate, analyze, measure 结果呈现：indicate, reveal, demonstrate, suggest 因果逻辑：contribute to, account for, stem from 找主干：快速剥离定语 / 状语从句、插入语 还原名词化：将抽象名词短语还原为动宾结构理解 看非谓语：识别 doing/done 作定语或状语的功能 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 （拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式） 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点1 研究性报告 知识解构 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 综合近几年高考对于阅读理解的能力考查形式，2027年高考对于研究报告说明文的考查仍然是重点和难点。研究报告说明文一直都是命题人提高阅读能力的重要考点，因此在近几年的高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，其中包括研究报告、科学技术、社会心理、宇宙探索、医学报告、语言学、社会生活等多种领域，体现了阅读题材的多样性。 研究报告类 1. 基本规律：研究报告说明文一般难度都比较大，命题者设题的难度并不大。 2. 实用解题方法： ① 某人说的话，或者是带引号的，一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个问题的同义替换。 ②有时候每段的第一句话，仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后，会出现对比或者转折。一般来说，转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是：作者对什么进行了转折。 ③每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点1 研究性报告 知识解构 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 ④某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。 ⑤注意中心句（即题眼）和前后句子之间的关系，是接着说的，还是转折关系。要把握和前后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的，可以从这些句子里找同义词；是转折关系的，就通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。 ⑥注意几个词，yet表转折，hardly表否定。while 有时是比较，有时也表转折。比较的时候，注意比较的对象，要弄清楚。转折的时候，你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。 知识点2 problem--solution--result类研究报告 问题解决类研究报告，文章思路结构明晰，基本呈现为problem--solution--result。解决研究报告类文章的根本思路是透彻分析文章的结构，洞察文章的走势。这样从整体分析文章，再从微观中找准细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、作者态度的定位，这样就能快速破解阅读理解的这个难题。 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 1.（2026年1月浙江卷） Carbon removal is crucial for fighting climate change. Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage. To design these climate-saving plants, the scientists are using a research tool called SLEAP — an AI software that tracks multiple features of root growth. Created by Salk Fellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab. Now, Pereira has teamed up with plant scientist Professor Wolfgang Busch to apply SLEAP to plants In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities. Prior to SLEAP, tracking the physical characteristics of both plants and animals required a lot of labor that slowed the scientific process. SLEAP uses computer vision (the ability for computers to understand images) and deep learning (an AI approach 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 for training a computer to learn and work like the human brain) to help researchers process images much more quickly. The application of SLEAP to plants has already enabled researchers to establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date. What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs. “Our cooperation is truly proof of what makes Salk science so special and impactful,” says Pereira. “We’re not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines — we’re really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.” 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 【文章的结构分析】 The Structure of The Text 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 Problem： increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage增加碳储存量并延长其储存时间 Solution： use SLEAP tracks multiple features of root growth用SLEAP 可追踪根系生长的多种特征 Process： SLEAP uses computer vision to help researchers process images much more quickly.SLEAP 利用计算机视觉技术，帮助研究人员大幅加快图像处理速度。 Result： establish the most extensive catalog (目录) of plant root phenotypes to date建立迄今为止最全面的植物根系表型目录；what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.哪些基因对其植物设计最为有益。 Evaluation: special and impactful特别且具有深远影响的；create something greater than the sum of its parts创造出比其各部分之和更为卓越的整体。 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 32. What do the scientists at Salk Institute hope to achieve? A. Keeping more carbon in plants. B. Optimizing the use of energy. C. Enhancing biological diversity. D. Reducing carbon absorption. 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 A 题干关键词→What→ achieve 文章定位：“Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems. This optimization aims to increase the amount of carbon stored and extend the duration of its storage.”（索尔克研究所的科学家们正在利用植物吸收二氧化碳的自然能力，通过增强它们的根系。这种优化旨在增加碳的储存量并延长其储存时间。）→具体呈现问题的方法，使问题具体化→ ①absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems ②increase the amount of carbon stored ③extend the duration of its storage 解析思维过程→①+②+③→A. Keeping more carbon in plants.→方法：同义表达keep——store；more carbon——increase the amount of carbon 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 33. Why did Pereira create SLEAP? A. To generate plant images. B. To conduct research on animals. C. To study climate patterns. D. To track features of root growth. 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 B 题干关键词→Why→ create SLEAP 文章定位：“Created by Salk Pellow Talmo Pereira, SLEAP was initially designed to track animal movement in the lab.”（SLEAP由索尔克研究所的 Pellow Talmo Pereira创建，最初是为追踪实验室中的动物运动而设计的。）→细节理解→to track animal movement in the lab 解析思维过程→①Created by Salk Pellow Talmo Pereira + ②to track animal movement in the lab → B. To conduct research on animals →in the lab——research 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 34. What will SLEAP help the scientists do? A. Pick out diseased plants in the forest. B. Collect samples of plant root systems. C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. D. Preserve the genes of endangered plants. 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 C 题干关键词→SLEAP→ do 文章定位：What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently. This allows the Salk team to determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.→① find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics→②determined by the same genes or independently→③determine what genes are most beneficial to their plant designs.→近似改写： find，determine—— Identify；beneficial——desirable 解析思维过程→①+②+③→C. Identify genes for desirable plant roots. 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 35. What can be inferred from Pereira’s words? A. Academic disciplines are of equal importance. B. Computer programming is a must for scientists. C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. D. Cooperation outweighs competition in research. 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 C 题干关键词→inferred from→ Pereira’s words 文章定位： “We're not just ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines—we're really putting them on equal footing in order to create something greater than the sum of its parts.”（我们不仅仅是 “借用” 不同学科的东西 —— 我们真正地将它们放在平等的地位，以便创造出优于各部分总和的东西。）→① ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines→②create something greater→同义改写： ‘borrowing’ from different disciplines——Interdisciplinary；creativity——create；not only...but ....—— promote 解析思维过程→①+②→C. Interdisciplinary approach promotes creativity. 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 2.（2024新课标Ⅰ卷） Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 【文章的结构分析】 The Structure of The Text 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 Problem：Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth Solution from China：boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools Process：boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools；this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene Serious problem：Even bottled water contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay’ suggestion: We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. C 题干关键词→How→ present the issue 文章定位： relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.→具体呈现问题的方法，使问题具体化→①settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, ②stuck inside volcanic rocks, ③filled the stomachs of seabirds and④ even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are ⑤even appearing inside humans.→giving examples 解析思维过程→①+②+③+④+⑤→C. By giving examples. 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. A 题干关键词→determine→ the effectiveness of trapping microplastics 文章定位：relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.→知识连接，碳酸钙与水的硬度的关系→碳酸钙（CaCO₃） 是用来表示和度量水的硬度时最常用的基准物质和单位→A. The hardness of water 解析思维过程→relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics → A. The hardness of water 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. B 题干关键词→What illustrate → by mentioning bottled water 文章定位：Even bottled water contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.→注意语气even → than originally thought→说明microplastics问题比预想要普遍，要更严重→B. The severity of the microplastic problem. 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查problem--solution--result类研究报告 考向破译 考点一 考查研究报告problem--solution--result类 35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. D 题干关键词→Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion→about What 文章定位： The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice→We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.→认为这个方法好，所以把它运用到水处理厂→D. Potential application of the findings. 思维过程 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 解题指导 一、三步定位核心信息 1. Findings/Discoveries（研究发现） a. 定位关键词： i. “The results show/indicate that...” ii. “We found/observed that...” iii. “The data suggest...” b. 解题重点： 这是研究的直接成果，可能是数据、现象或新发现。 2. Evidence（实验证据） c. 定位关键词： i. “Experiment 1 demonstrated...” ii. “As shown in Figure 2...” iii. “Statistical analysis revealed...” d. 解题重点： 支撑Findings的具体数据（如数字、图表）或实验方法。 3. Conclusion（应用/评价） e. 定位关键词： i. “Therefore, we conclude...” ii. “This implies/applicable to...” iii. “Limitations include...” f. 解题重点： 研究的实际意义、局限性或未来方向。 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 解题指导 二、高频题型破解技巧 1. 事实细节题（直接答案） ① 问法： “What did the experiment prove?” “According to the study, which statement is true?” ②方法：直接匹配Findings或Evidence中的原句，避免主观推断。 2. 推理题（隐含逻辑） ① 问法： “What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?” “Which conclusion is supported by the data?” ② 方法： 将Evidence与Conclusion关联，排除无直接支持的选项。 3. 作者意图题（目的/评价） ① 问法： “Why did the author mention...?” “What is the purpose of the experiment?” ② 方法： 定位Conclusion中的评价性语言（如"This study fills a gap in..."）。 4. 结构题（信息匹配） ① 问法： “Which paragraph contains the experimental results?” ② 方法： Findings通常在结果部分（Results），Evidence在方法部分（Methods）。 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 Findings/discoveries--evidence(experiment,result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 1.（2026年全国I卷C） In line with longstanding initiatives to expand the green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground- level ozone— a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. "We didn't make a big deal of that," said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy: “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle," she said. “We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 【文章结构分析】 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 Discoveries para1-2 Oaks and sweetgums produce isoprene and isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides to form ground- level ozone— a major factor in many breathing problems Result If the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. Opinions and Attitudes Róisín Commane——bring so many good things；if we're not careful, we could make air quality worse. Novem Auyeung—— trees should not be viewed as the enemy；We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle Novem Auyeung——We're not going to go cutting down any big old oaks, and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A. They affect the growth of other trees. B. They absorb less carbon than expected. C. They harm people's health indirectly. D. They raise the local temperature slowly. C 题干关键词→ new study → imply → oaks and sweetgums 文章定位：“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. →①produce isoprene→②isoprene is harmless→③isoprene interacts with nitrogen oxides→④form ground-level ozone (臭氧)→⑤a major factor in many breathing problems. 解析思维过程→根据①——⑤ →indirectly → C. They harm people's health indirectly. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. C 题干关键词→ Which → Commane → based on their study 文章定位：“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”→①“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”→②we should be careful→③change Oaks and sweetgums 解析思维过程→根据①②③ →C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 30. What does the underline phase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Honest about B. Unaware of C. Related to D. Optimistic about B 题干关键词→oblivious to→ mean 文章定位：“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”→did release确实释放→以前不知道 解析思维过程→根据词后面的内容可知 →B. Unaware of 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 31. What would Auyeung probably advocate? A. Reducing car use in daily life. B. Providing animals with new habitats. C. Controlling population growth. D. Doing more research on the problem. A 题干关键词→What→ Auyeung →advocate 文章定位：“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”→rethink our car-centric lifestyle → A. Reducing car use in daily life. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 2.（2026年全国I卷D） A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle's Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it's in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of "transformative and self-transcendent feelings" — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. "We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen," said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. "It's becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that's when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes." 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 【文章结构分析】 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 Purpose para1 compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is既要比较单纯观赏艺术作品所产生的认知效应，也要深入评估其美学价值。 Approach Participants were randomly divided into two groups:the "beauty" group and the control group 受试者被随机分为两组：“美容组”与对照组。 Result the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking；those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking Conclusion it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. Evaluation Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes. 欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想方式。 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 32. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A. Draw their outlines. B. Give each piece a rating. C. Compare their prices. D. Make a copy of each piece. B 题干关键词→What→ the beauty group→the clay objects 文章定位：“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”→why提问的问题，通常回答目的→ rate the beauty of each object 解析思维过程→was asked to rate the beauty of each object→同义表达：rate——rating→B. Give each piece a rating. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 33. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C. Control group, with an artistic hobby. D. Control group, without an artistic hobby. A 题干关键词→Which participants→ the highest score 文章定位：①“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.”→②“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）→the beauty group with an artistic hobby 解析思维过程→①+②→the beauty group with an artistic hobby→A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 34. Why were the participants' emotional states measured? A. To discover their attitudes towards art. B. To identify their specific thinking patterns. C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D. To determine factors behind the test results. D 题干关键词→Why→ emotional states→measured 文章定位：①“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported …… suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.”→②conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。→研究目的 解析思维过程→①+②→D. To determine factors behind the test results. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 考查研究报告 考向破译 35. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A. It enhances emotional ties. B. It needs critical thinking skills. C. It creates positive feelings. D. It encourages abstract thinking. D 题干关键词→the major finding→ the appreciation of art 文章定位：“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”→同义表达：initiate——encourage；thinking——cognitive→D. It encourages abstract thinking. 思维过程 考点二 考查研究报告Findings/discoveries--evidence (experiment, result)--conclusion(application/evaluation)类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 理解“现象-分析-结论”（Phenomenon–Analysis–Conclusion）类研究报告文章并有效做题，关键在于把握文章的结构逻辑、识别关键信息、理解各部分的功能及其相互关系。 核心原则： 这类文章遵循清晰的科学论述逻辑： 现象 Phenomenon： 描述观察到的客观事实、问题、现象或研究背景。 分析 Analysis： 对现象进行解释、探究原因、讨论机制、提出假设、验证过程或进行论证。 结论 Conclusion： 基于分析得出的主要发现、总结、意义、推论或建议。 阅读理解与做题步骤： 第一步：预读与结构定位 "快速浏览，把握框架" 看标题/副标题： 明确文章主题和研究对象。 扫读首段/末段： 首段通常引入现象和研究目的；末段通常总结结论。 关注段落首句/尾句和连接词： 寻找描述现象的信号词：observed, found, showed, it is known that, the problem is, background, recent studies indicate 等。 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 寻找开启分析的信号词：the reason may be, to investigate, hypothesized that, analysis revealed, mechanism, experiment was conducted, data suggests, furthermore, however, in contrast, this could be explained by 等。 寻找引出结论的信号词：therefore, thus, in conclusion, consequently, the results indicate, we conclude that, the study demonstrates, implications are, suggestions 等。 划分文章结构： 在心中或用笔简单标记出： 哪几段主要在描述 现象 P？ 哪几段是核心的 分析 A "可能包括方法、数据、论证、讨论" ？ 哪几段是明确的 结论 C？ 第二步：精读与信息提取 “带着问题，深度理解” 明确题目要求： 仔细阅读题目，判断题目是针对哪个部分（P/A/C）提问？是问细节、原因、方法、推论还是主旨？ 定位关键信息： 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 现象部分 P: 具体现象是什么？（发生了什么？观察到了什么？问题是什么？） 现象的背景或重要性？ 现象涉及的对象、时间、地点、程度等关键细节。 分析部分 A: 核心问题/假设： 研究者试图解释什么？验证什么？ 研究方法/途径： 如何分析的？（实验、调查、模型、文献综述、逻辑推理？）关键步骤是什么？ 关键证据/数据： 支持分析的实验结果、统计数据、引用观点、逻辑论据是什么？ 解释/机制： 分析得出的主要原因、内在机理、影响因素是什么？ 讨论/对比： 分析结果与前人研究是否一致？有哪些局限性？有哪些不同的解释？（这部分常与分析交织，有时也靠近结论） 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 结论部分 C: 主要发现： 研究最核心的结论是什么？（直接回答了分析的核心问题） 总结： 对现象和分析的简要重述。 意义/启示： 该结论有何理论或实际价值？对未来研究或实践的指导意义？ 推论/建议： 基于结论提出的进一步推论或行动建议。 理解逻辑链条： 特别注意分析部分如何一步步解释现象，并最终导向结论。思考： 现象提出了什么问题？ 分析提供了哪些证据和推理来解答这个问题？ 结论是如何从分析中自然得出的？它是否直接回应了现象提出的问题？ 第三步：解题策略 (针对题型) 细节理解题 "针对" P/A/C"中具体信息" ： 定位为王： 根据题目关键词（人名、地名、术语、数据、特定行为等）快速回原文定位。 同义替换： 答案往往是对原文信息的同义转述或概括，而非完全照抄原文。 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 推理判断题 "常基于" A"或" C： 立足原文： 所有推断必须基于文章明确提供的信息和分析逻辑。 分析隐含意义： 理解作者未明说但通过分析、对比、语气等暗示的信息。 识别作者观点/态度： 注意分析讨论部分中体现作者倾向的词汇（significantly, surprisingly, it is likely that, challenges the view等）和结论的确定性程度（proves vs suggests）。 排除法： 排除文中未提及、与文中信息矛盾或过度推断（超出原文支持范围）的选项。 主旨大意题/最佳标题题 "覆盖" P/A/C： 聚焦结论： 结论通常是主旨的核心体现。 综合现象和分析： 思考文章从什么现象出发（P），通过什么核心分析（A），最终得出了什么主要结论（C）。主旨句往往是这三者的凝练。 避免片面： 正确选项应涵盖研究的核心对象（现象）和核心发现（结论），有时也包括关键方法（分析）。 段落目的/结构题 (问某段作用)： 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 联系上下文： 该段与前一段、后一段是什么关系？"是继续描述现象？开始分析原因？提供证据？引出结论？反驳观点？" 判断归属： 该段内容主要属于P（描述现象/背景）、A（解释/论证/提供证据）、C（总结/下结论/给建议）中的哪一部分？ 词义猜测题 "常出现在" A"部分" ： 上下文线索： 利用定义（is, that is, meaning）、举例（for example, such as）、对比（however, but, unlike）、因果（because, therefore）等逻辑关系推测生词含义。 词根词缀： 辅助手段。 作者意图题 Why did the author mention X?： 服务于核心逻辑： X（一个例子、一个数据、一个引用）是为了说明/支持/反驳分析部分（A）的哪个关键点？最终如何服务于得出结论（C）？ 第四步：验证与检查 答案回扣原文： 选出答案后，务必将其带回原文相关位置进行验证，确保理解准确无误。 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 知识点 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 整体逻辑一致性： 确认答案是否符合“现象-分析-结论”的整体行文逻辑。 排除干扰项： 再次审视错误选项，明确其错误原因（无中生有、张冠李戴、过度推断、以偏概全、与原文矛盾等）。 关键总结： 结构意识是基础： 时刻清晰区分P、A、C部分及其功能。 定位能力是关键： 快速准确地找到题目对应的原文信息源。 逻辑理解是核心： 透彻理解分析部分如何解释现象并推导出结论。 结论是重中之重： 结论是文章的最终落脚点和主旨的集中体现。 题目导向是原则： 始终围绕题目要求进行阅读和思考。 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 知识解构 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 1.（2026年全国II卷）D篇 The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 【文章结构分析】 Phenomenon para1 a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car Introduction（para2-3） the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is for privately owned vehicles.地下列车制动系统产生的能量用于驱动列车及车站设备，其余部分则供私营车辆使用。 Feedback para4 energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better technical principle para5 They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. 该装置由电动机组成，可收集传统制动系统中因摩擦作用而以热能形式损耗的能量。 Evaluation para6 Innovative创新；boosts efficiency提高效率 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 32. Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A. To fuel the city’s economy. B. To enhance passengers’ experience. C. To promote green transportation. D. To raise the quality of electric cars. C 题干关键词→ Why → launch → MetroCharge project 文章定位：“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe‘s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)→why提问的问题，通常回答目的→①to help public transportation go greener ②tackle climate change ③aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market 解析思维过程→①→C. To promote green transportation. 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 33. What is Espinoza’s concern? A. How to cut his travel expenses. B. Where to get a parking space. C. How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D. Where to find a charging point. D 题干关键词→What→ Espinoza’s concern 文章定位：““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”) → I am always looking for where to plug it in → Espinoza’s concern 解析思维过程→where to plug it in → D. Where to find a charging point.→同义表达plug it in——charge 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 34. What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A. Their operating conditions. B. Their conventional standard. C. Their potential risks. D. Their working mechanism. D 题干关键词→What aspect → discussed → in paragraph 5 文章定位：“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. → They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action → used to accelerate the vehicle → to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers 解析思维过程→They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action → D. Their working mechanism. 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 35. What did Luna say about the system? A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B. It improves workers’ efficiency. C. It prioritizes the safety of trains. D. It generates jobs for the locals. A 题干关键词→What → Luna → about the system 文章定位：“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)→ innovative → recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses 解析思维过程→同义表达：innovative——creative；reclaimed energy——recycled energy →A. It uses reclaimed energy creatively. 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 2.（2023年全国I卷）D篇 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 【文章结构分析】 phenomenon “wisdom of crowds” analysis This effect capitalizes on the fact that ……. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. Further findings a new study offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. analysis In a follow-up study with 100 university students, …… Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. conclusion Although the studies have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. B 题干关键词→paragraph 2→mainly about 文章定位：“This effect capitalizes on the fact that ①when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. ②When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. ③If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. ④If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 解析思维过程(选项与文章定位的关系)→①+②+③+④→The underlying logic of the effect. 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent D 题干关键词→ Navajas’ study → average accuracy → increase 文章定位：①In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. ②The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 解析思维过程→ the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. → estimates were not fully independent 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. C 题干关键词→ follow-up study→focus on 文章定位：In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? 解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→ what the group members actually did in their discussion → estimates were not fully independent → C. The discussion process 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 03 考点精讲・靶向突破 考向 Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类研究报告 考向破译 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. D 题干关键词→author’s attitude → Navajas’ studies 文章定位：Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 解析思维过程（选项与文章定位的关系）→ Although + enormous → Approving → D 思维过程 考点三 考查研究报告Phenomenon--analysis--conclusion类 04 真题溯源・考向感知 （溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向） 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】C When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】C If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A. It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss. C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well. 9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment. C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity. D D 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】C 10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability. C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 8. D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 C B 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】C 9. D细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 10. C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】C 11. B主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】D Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】D A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】D 12. What can be inferred about the author’s early life? A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine. C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home. 13. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste. C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 15. What can we learn about wastED? A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs. C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs. A B A C 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】D 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。 12. A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。 13. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2025·全国I卷】D 14. C主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。 15. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 32. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 33. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 34. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. B C C D 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。 33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? ”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. ”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。 35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024浙江1月卷】 The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024浙江1月卷】 and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 12. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test? A. Take an examination alone. B. Show respect for the researchers. C. Share their treats with others. D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes. D 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024浙江1月卷】 13. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________. A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit 14. What does the author suggest readers do? A. Absorb new information readily. B. Be selective information consumers. C. Use diverse information sources. D. Protect the information environment. 15. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Eat Less, Read More B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C. The Later, the Better D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups 【解析】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。 C B D 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024浙江1月卷】 12.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。 13.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。 14.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2024浙江1月卷】 resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。 15.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature. 13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists. C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. B A 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C. The same nature experience takes different forms. D. The nature language enhances work performance. 15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。 C B 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 12.细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。 13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. ”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选A。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 14.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. ”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。 15.推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年全国甲卷】 Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年全国甲卷】 Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年全国甲卷】 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. A C A B 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年全国甲卷】 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。 12.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. ”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。 13.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。 04 真题溯源・考向感知 【2023年全国甲卷】 14.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。 15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. ”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。 愿正在努力的你： 坚守初心不辜负，默默耕耘终有光。 平心从容迎大考，提笔自信展华章。 落笔皆随心中愿，金榜圆梦赴远方。 2027年高考一轮复习讲练测 $