专题31 动词和动词短语（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单全面覆盖动词和动词短语专题，通过知识脑图搭建核心脉络，分考点深研动词分类、助动词、实义动词、连系动词、词尾变化及动词短语六大模块，配套即时训练与全国、天津真题精练。 清单采用分类分级呈现知识体系，如连系动词细分为状态、持续等六类，易混短语设对比解析（如look up查阅与look through浏览），熟词生义模块总结高考高频用法（如lecture表“训斥”），培养学生语言能力与思维品质。即时训练标注考点对应关系，真题精练附答题思路解析，助力学生自主高效复习，为教师提供精准教学支持。

专题31 动词和动词短语（知识清单） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第4页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 动词分类 知识点1 英语动词的分类 知识点2 动词的句法功能 考点二 助动词 知识点1 助动词的分类 知识点2 助动词的用法 考点三 实义动词 知识点1 实义动词的分类 知识点2 及物动词的用法 知识点3 不及物动词用法 知识点4 延续性动词用法 知识点5 瞬时性动词用法 考点四 连系动词 知识点1 连系动词的分类 知识点2 状态类系动词 知识点3 持续类系动词 知识点4 感官类系动词 知识点5 变化类系动词 知识点6 终止类系动词 考点五 动词词尾曲折变化 知识点1词尾曲折变化分类 知识点2 单三人称的规则 知识点3 动词-ing的规则 知识点4 动词-ed的规则 知识点5 不规则动词的变化 考点六 动词短语 知识点1动词+介词/副词短语 知识点2 易混动词短语 知识点3 动词熟词生义 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 全国真题（动词和动词短语） 天津真题（动词和动词短语） 原创语填（千年瓷都景德镇圆梦世遗） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1动词的分类 知识点1英语动词的分类 知识点2动词的句法功能 句子成分 示例 实义动词直接作谓语 He cleans his room every single weekend.他每个周末都打扫自己的房间。 系动词+表语构成主系表 The flowers smell sweet and refreshing.这些花儿闻起来清甜又沁人心脾。 情态动词+动词构成谓语 We must value every precious minute.我们必须珍惜每一分宝贵的时光。 助动词+实义动词构成谓语 We will spend holiday in quiet countryside.我们将在宁静乡村度过假期。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，不定式作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补 To keep fit requires regular daily exercise.坚持健康需要每日规律锻炼。 She decides to devote time to reading books.她决定投入时间坚持阅读书籍。 Parents encourage us to stick to our dreams.父母鼓励我们坚守自己心中的梦想。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语 My daily pleasure is listening to soft music. 我日常乐趣是聆听轻柔的音乐。 There is a swimming pool behind our school.我校后方有一座游泳池。 He enjoys sharing ideas with close friends.他乐于和挚友分享内心想法。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，分词作表语、定语、状语、宾补 We felt amazed at the wonderful scenery.我们对美景感到无比惊叹。 I heard her singing softly in the next room.我听见她在隔壁房间轻声歌唱。 Letters written by her warm my whole heart.她写的信件温暖了我的整颗心。 考点2 助动词 知识点1助动词分类 知识点2助动词用法 1.助动词的定义：协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。与被协助的主要动词构成时态，语态、疑问句、否定句和加强语气等。助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语意思。 2.助动词的作用：助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能，可以用来构成时态、语态，构成疑问句，加强语气，构成否定句。 I have memorized all key grammar points. 我已经熟记所有重点语法知识点。 He does not waste time on meaningless games. 他不把时间浪费在无意义游戏上。 We will spare no effort to chase dreams. 我们将全力以赴追逐心中梦想。 3.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）用法：助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 4.助动词have (has, had) 的用法：have +过去分词，构成完成时态；have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 5. 助动词do (does, did) 的用法：助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 6.助动词shall/ should，will/would的用法：shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall discuss the plan after class. 我们下课后讨论这个方案。 He said he should finish the task on time. 他说他会按时完成任务。 She told me she would keep practicing every day. 她告诉我她会每天坚持练习。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） your father (read) newspapers every morning? 1. Does, read 【解析】句意：你爸爸每天早上看报纸吗？由时间状语every morning可知，句子时态为一般现在时，本句是一般疑问句，主语your father是第三人称单数，因此句首需加助动词does，句首单词首字母需大写，助动词后的实义动词要使用原形，故第二个空填read。 2．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业） the new school library (decorate) now? I need to borrow some books. 2. Is, being decorated 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态的疑问式。句意：学校的新图书馆正在装修吗？我需要借一些书。由now可知，句子时态用现在进行时，且图书馆是被装修，因此用现在进行时的被动语态，句子是一般疑问句，将is提前到主语前面，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Is；being decorated。 3．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）You (not need) to come if you are busy. 3.don’t need 【解析】考查否定句。句意：如果你忙的话就不必来了。空后是不定式to come，故此处need用作实义动词，此处描述一般性事实，使用一般现在时，主语是You，表示“不必”用don’t need。故填don’t need。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）So busy I with my study that I seldom have time for unnecessary entertainment. 4.am 【解析】句意：我的学业十分繁忙，几乎没有时间参与多余的娱乐活动。so.... that...句型中，so提前主句倒装，结合句意以及从句中的谓语动词have可知，此处使用一般现在时态，busy在句中作表语，主语是I，所以此处be动词为am。 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）No sooner (he, arrive) home than it began to rain heavily. 5.had he arrived 【解析】句意：他刚到家，雨就下起了倾盆大雨。no sooner... than... 句型中，no sooner 置于句首时，主句部分倒装，用过去完成时，助动词had置于主语he前面。 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）So difficult I find it to master a foreign language in such a short time. 6.do 【解析】句意：我发现在这么短的时间内掌握一门外语太难了。so置于句首引起部分倒装，陈述事实为一般现在时，故助动词用do。 7．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Not only the festival bring joy to the locals, but it also attracts many tourists. 7.does 【解析】句意：这个节日不仅给当地人带来欢乐，还吸引了许多游客。当“not only”置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装，将谓语部分中助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前，如没有，需借用助动词do的相应形式；本句主语“the festival”是单数名词，谓语是实义动词“bring”，时态为一般现在时，因此要借助助动词“does”，提到主语前构成倒装。 8．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Not only they prepare delicious food, but they also decorated the entire house. 8.did 【解析】句意：他们不仅准备了美味的食物，而且还装饰了整座房子。此处为部分倒装句，将助动词置于主语they之前，结合decorated可知发生在过去用一般过去时，助动词用did。 9．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Catherine is a very brave girl. She always asks questions in class, and so________ Mary. 9. does 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：Catherine是一个非常勇敢的女孩。她总是在课堂上提问，Mary也是这样。“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”为倒装结构的固定用法，表示前面所述的情况也适用于另外一个人，意为“……也是这样”，此处表示Mary也和Catherine一样在课堂上提问，且根据前文“asks”可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语Mary为第三人称单数，助动词应用does。故填does。 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Not until he left home he begin to realize how much he loved his parents. 10.did 【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：直到他离开家，他才开始意识到自己有多爱父母。分析句子可知，此处为Not until + 状语位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。主句动词是begin，根据left和loved可知，时态为一般过去时，需将助动词did提前。句子结构：Not until…did + 主语 + 动词原形。故填did。 考点3 实义动词 知识点1实义动词分类 知识点2及物动词用法 及物动词后必须跟宾语（可以是名词、代词、动名词等），否则句子不完整。 1.动词+宾语（主谓宾） I like this book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。 2.动词+宾语+宾补（主谓复合宾语） I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 （主谓双宾语） Mom bought me a lovely little notebook. 妈妈给我买了可爱的小本子。 Grandpa taught me useful life experience. 爷爷教给我实用的人生经验。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 4.be+过去分词（被动语态） This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 知识点3不及物动词用法 1.不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 2.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 3.不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 知识点4延续性动词用法 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 知识点5瞬时性动词用法 1. 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等。 She joined the club two months ago. 她两个月前加入了社团。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 2.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词或短语代替。 1. leave→be away离开; 2. borrow→keep借; 3. buy→have买; 4. begin→be on开始/上演; 5. die→be dead去世; 6. finish→be over结束/完成; 7. join→be in…参加； 8. marry→ be married结婚； 9. fall ill→be ill生病； 10. get up→be up起床； 11. lose one's work→be out of work失业； 12. come here→be here来这里； 13. go there→be there去那里； 14. become→be成为； 15. come back→be back回来； 16. fall asleep→be asleep睡着； 17. wake up→be awake醒； 18. leave→be away from离开； 19. get to know→know认识； 20. put on→wear穿上 I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 知识点6情态动词用法 请参考 专题13 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测-学科网 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高二上·全国·随堂练习）You'd better (low) your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live. 1.lower 【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低你的标准。根据句意，此处是“had better+动词原形”，所填词是动词原形；low是形容词，此处需要把low变成动词lower，意思为“降低”。故填lower。 2．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）A violent earthquake shook the land, giant waves rolled over the shores, and the island (sink) into the sea never to be seen again. 2.sank 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：一场强烈的地震震动了大地，巨浪卷过海岸，那个岛屿沉入海洋，再也看不见。根据前半句的时态，后半句陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词为动词的过去式sank。故填sank。 3．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）The baby (interrupt) me while I was on the phone. 3.interrupted 【解析】考查时态。句意：我打电话时，那个婴儿打断了我。动词interrupt意为“打扰，打断”。while引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，说明动作发生在过去，主句也为一般过去时。故填interrupted。 4．（25-26高一·全国·单元测试）Her body was no longer able to (defence) itself against disease. 4.defend 【解析】考查动词。句意：她的身体再也不能抵御疾病了。空处应填动词原形be able to 构成复合谓语动词。故填defend。 5．（25-26高一·全国·课后作业）Reading history is an amazing experience because it (able) us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. 5.enables 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它使我们能够反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。陈述客观事实，句子应用一般现在时，because引导的状语从句中it为主语，设空处为谓语，应用第三人称单数形式。故填enables。 6．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 6.ourselves 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：在过去的三个星期里，我们一直在埋头学习，因为考试临近了。分析句子可知，空处在句中做宾语成分，与主语we为同一人，应用反身代词，we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。 7．（25-26高二·全国·课后作业）My main reason for (subscribe) to New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science. 7.subscribing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我订阅《新科技》的主要原因为了是跟上先进科技的步伐。根据空格前介词for可知，空格处应填动名词subscribing作介词的宾语。故填subscribing。 8．（25-26高二上·全国·随堂练习）But her mother wouldn’t like her daughter (have) that name because she thought that sounded too much like a boy’s name. 8.to have 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是这个母亲不愿意她的女儿叫那个名字，因为她认为那个听起来太像男孩的名字。分析句子可知，设空处是would like 的宾语补足语，构成would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”。故填to have。 9．（25-26高一·全国·单元测试）I had dreams but they seemed too far away for me to make them a (real). 9.reality 【解析】考查名词。句意：我有梦想，但它们似乎太遥远，我无法使它们成为现实。根据所给句子，结合所给单词可知，这里应该填名词reality，make sth. a reality是固定搭配，意为“使...成为现实”。故填reality。 10．（25-26高二下·全国·单元测试）It scared me to see a whale (attack) by a pack of about six other killers at that time. 10.being attacked 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 看到一只鲸鱼被另外六只杀手鲸攻击，我吓了一跳。分析句子，see sb. doing为固定用法，表示“看见某人正在做某事”，该空所给动词attack(攻击)在句中作see的宾语a whale 的补足语，被动关系，应使用现在分词的被动式，see sb.being done 结构表示“看到……正在被……”。故填being attacked。 考点四 连系动词 知识点1 连系动词的分类 知识点2状态类系动词 状态类系动词是用来表示主语的性质、状态、身份或特征的动词，其后通常接名词、形容词、介词短语等表语，构成 “主语+系动词+表语”的基本结构。最常见的状态类系动词是be动词（am, is, are, was, were）。 My parents were teachers before retirement. 我父母退休前是教师。 The room was quiet except for a soft music. 除了轻柔的音乐，房间里很安静。 知识点3持续类系动词 持续系动词表示主语持续的状态，如remain保持，stay保持，keep保持，lie位于，stand矗立等。 Keep patient whenever you meet unexpected troubles. 遇到意外麻烦始终保持耐心。 She remained calm through the whole tough test. 整场艰难考试她都保持镇定。 知识点4感官类系动词 感官系动词表示人体感官的感受，如look看起来，seem看起来,appear好像，sound听起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来，feel摸起来。 He appears a little nervous before the speech. 演讲前他看上去略显紧张不安。 The soft sweater feels smooth against the skin. 这件软毛衣摸起来贴身顺滑舒适。 知识点5变化类系动词 变化系动词表示主语状态的变化，如become变成, get变得, turn转变, grow变得, go变得等。 Her face turned red out of sudden great shyness. 突如其来的羞涩让她脸颊涨得通红。 The apples went bad in the hot closed room. 苹果在闷热密闭房间里变质坏掉了。 知识点6终止类系动词 终止类系动词中prove 和 turn out 侧重 “结果被证实”，表示主语的状态或性质最终被证明为某种情况，强调 “从表象到明确结果” 的终止性转变。 The task proved far easier than we had expected. 这项任务结果远比我们预想的简单。 The activity turned out meaningful and rewarding. 这次活动最终被证明充实且很有价值。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The silk dress bought in the store (feel) smooth and comfortable, so my mother decided to take it. 1.feels 【解析】考查主谓一致及时态。句意：在店里买的这条丝绸裙子摸起来顺滑又舒服，所以我妈妈决定买下它。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，feel在此处是感官系动词，意为“摸起来”，后接形容词作表语；感官系动词无被动语态，这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况，主语The silk dress为第三人称单数。故填feels。 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 2.felt 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。 3．（25-26高二·全国·课后作业）It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 3.proved 【解析】考查系动词。句意：它有刷成白色的管道和亮红色的车厢，证明是在大众中特别受欢迎的。根据空格后面的形容词popular和给出的提示词，可知此处prove作系动词，“证明是、原来是、结果是”，根据前句时态一般过去时，故填proved。 4．（25-26高二上·吉林松原·期中）She loves the boy as if she (be) his mother. 4.were 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她就好像是他妈妈一样喜欢那个男孩。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，对现在虚拟时，从句谓语要用一般过去式，be动词要变成were。故填were。 5．（25-26高二上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段检测）The woodcutter determined to take the job--the pay was really good and so the work conditions. 5.were 【解析】考查动词。句意：樵夫决定接受这份工作——薪水非常好，工作条件也很好。分析句子可知，and连接两个并列句，时态是一般过去时。第二句是主系表结构的倒装，把谓语动词放到主语的前面，且主语为the work conditions，故填were。 6．（25-26高一上·全国·单元测试）Do I have to take this medicine? It (taste) so terrible. 6.tastes 【解析】考查感官动词和时态。句意：我非得要吃这个药么？它尝起来太苦了。taste表示“尝起来”是感官动词，没有被动语态，根据前面的Do判断用一般现在时，主语是It，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填tastes。 7．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）There (be) a book and two pens on the desk just now. 7.was 【解析】句意：刚才桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。there be句型遵循就近原则，靠近be动词的主语a book 为单数；时间标志词just now表示过去，be动词用was。 8．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Tom seems (interest) in the job，but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 8.interested 【解析】句意：汤姆似乎对这份工作感兴趣，但我不确定他是否能胜任。seem为系动词，后接形容词作表语。主语Tom指人，表示“对……感兴趣的”，应用-ed结尾的形容词interested。 9．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）The efforts made to maintain medium friendships sometimes seem _______(overwhelm). 9.overwhelming 【解析】句意：维系交情一般的友谊所付出的努力，有时似乎让人不堪重负。seem是系动词，后接形容词作表语，overwhelm的形容词形式为overwhelming，意为“令人难以承受的、无法应付的”。 10．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The artist herself appeared ( disturb) by the personal nature of the questions asked during the Q&A session. 10.disturbed 【解析】考查形容词。句意：艺术家本人似乎对问答环节中所提问题的个人性质感到不安。appear“显得”系动词后接形容词作表语，主语The artist指人，使用形容词disturbed“感到不安的”，故填disturbed。 考点五 动词词尾屈折变化 知识点1 动词词尾曲折变化分类 知识点2 动词单数第三人称变化 规则 示例 一般情况，直接加-s work → works play → plays 以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾，加-es pass → passes watch → watches wash → washes go → goes fix → fixes 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-es study → studies fly → flies carry → carries 元音字母a/e/i/o/u+y结尾，直接加s play→plays enjoy→enjoys 特殊记忆 have → has do → does My mother cleans the house early each Sunday morning. 妈妈每周日一早打扫屋子。 The train goes through small villages in the countryside. 火车穿行在乡间的小村庄之间。 He studies hard so that he can enter his ideal university. 他刻苦学习想要考入理想大学。 She has a positive attitude towards all difficulties. 她面对所有困难都抱有积极心态。 知识点3 动词-ing变化规则 规则 示例 一般情况直接加-ing work → working study → studying 以不发音字母e结尾，去e加- ing make → making write → writing 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母再加- ing swim → swimming stop → stopping 以ie结尾，变ie为y 再加- ing lie → lying die → dying tie → tying 特殊记忆 picnic → picnicking野餐 panic →panicking恐慌 dye→dyeing染色 canoe→canoeing划独木舟 易错单词 write→writing写作 fix→fixing 维修 suffer→suffering遭受 offer→offering 提供 He is working on his daily homework. 他正在完成日常作业。 She is writing a short English composition. 她正在写一篇英语小短文。 The boy is running across the green grass. 男孩正在草地上奔跑。 The old tree is slowly dying in dry weather. 老树在干旱天气里渐渐枯萎。 She kept calm instead of panicking at the accident. 事发时她镇定自若没有慌乱。 They enjoy canoeing along the quiet river every weekend. 他们周末喜欢在静水河道划独木舟。 知识点4 动词-ed变化规则 规则 示例 一般动词直接加 -ed work→worked play→played 以不发音字母 e 结尾，只加 -d like → liked close → closed 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped occur→occurred admit→admitted 辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i再加-ed study→studied carry→carried 元音字母+y 结尾，直接加-ed display→displayed destroy→destroyed 特殊记忆 picnic → picnicked野餐 panic →panicked恐慌 易错单词 open→opened打开 fix→fixed 维修 suffer→suffered遭受 offer→offered 提供 He worked overtime to finish the tough task yesterday. 他昨日加班完成了艰巨的任务。 She has lived in this small town for nearly ten years. 她在这座小镇居住了将近十年之久。 He stopped walking and listened carefully to the voice. 他停下脚步仔细聆听那传来的声音。 The crowd panicked when the sudden noise appeared. 突发声响出现时人群陷入了恐慌。 知识点5 不规则动词变化 规则 示例 A-A-A 型 cost — cost — cost hurt — hurt — hurt read — read — read spread—spread--spread A-A-B 型 beat — beat — beaten打败 A-B-A 型 come — came — come run — ran — run 跑 become — became — become overcome-overcome--overcome 特殊：welcome—welcomed-welcomed A-B-B 型 fight— fought — fought sell— sold — sold sweep — swept— swept feel— felt — felt spend — spent — spent A-B-C 型i → a → u drink — drank — drunk swim — swam — swum A-B-C 型ow → ew → own grow — grew — grown throw — threw — thrown A-B-C 型 fall — fell — fallen forget — forgot — forgotten freeze — froze — frozen go — went — gone 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It never rains but it pours! First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car __________ (steal). 1.had been stolen 【解析】句意：祸不单行！我先是弄丢了办公室钥匙，接着发现车被偷了。the car和动词steal是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态。且“被偷”发生在found之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时的被动语态。 2．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）It is reported that many a new house __________ (build) at present in the disaster area. 2.is being built 【解析】句意：据报道，目前灾区正在建造许多新房。build在主语从句中作谓语动词，many a new house作主语，与build之间是被动关系，根据时间状语at present可知，陈述现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时的被动语态；“many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数，此空填is being built。 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）By the time he was twelve years old, a chemistry lab of his own __________ (set) up by himself. 3.had been set 【解析】句意：到他十二岁的时候，一个专属于他的化学实验室已经被他自己建成了。By the time(到……时候为止)引导时间状语从句，本句中从句为一般过去时，表示过去的时间节点，主句动作发生在这个过去节点之前，因此主句要用过去完成时。a chemistry lab和set up之间是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I __________ (lose) my keys on my way home, but my friend __________ (find) them later. 4. lost, found 【解析】句意：我回家的路上丢了钥匙，但我的朋友后来找到了。动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，第一空为lost；第二空为found。 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Hardly had the journey begun when a problem __________ (arise). 5.arose 【解析】句意：旅程刚开始不久，就出了问题。在Hardly...when...“刚……就……”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，空处应用动词arise“产生，出现”的过去式arose。 考点六 动词短语 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 1. break break away from　放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解 break in 闯入, 插嘴break into  闯入break out   (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up  打碎, 分手, 关系破裂 2. bring bring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in引进; 带来; 赚得bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐 3. call call for要求; 需要; 去取call back 回忆起call in召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up打电话给;使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜访 4. come come about 发生come to苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true  实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议等)ome on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油 5. get get across    解释清楚; 使……被理解get away from  避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around   四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with进展; 与……相处get over克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话 6. give give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out  分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽 give up 放弃 7. go go against违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead开始(做某事); 接着干go around 参观; (消息)传播go by过去; 经过 go down下降; 下沉go on继续; 发生go over复习, 仔细检查go through  经历; 仔细检查go with与……相配go without  没有……也行 8. hold hold back犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on别挂断hold out坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃 9. keep keepaway from  远离; 避开keep back  隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身……外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续keep up with 跟上keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on照看; 密切注视 10. leave leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out遗漏, 忽略 11. look look around 环顾四周look away from把目光从……移开look into调查; 窥视look back on回忆，回顾look up查找, 查询; 向上看look up to尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看look out for心, 留意, 小心 12. make make use of 利用make up组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致 make sense有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功 13. put put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away收拾, 整理; 储存put back把……放回原处put forwar提出; 拨快put down记下, 写下, 镇压put out伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演 14. set set aside划出; 留出; 拨出set about着手做某事 set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off   动身; 引起; 使爆炸set up   建立, 创立 15. turn turn away   走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over   翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against  反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于 16. take take after  长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up从事; 占据(时间、空间);接着做take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用take over接管, 接收take advantage of利用takeit easy放松, 别紧张take your time 慢慢来, 别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action 采取行动 知识点2 易混动词短语 1.look up vs look through look up：强调主动查阅资料或抬头看；look through：侧重快速浏览或仔细检查 She opened the dictionary to look up the pronunciation of "phenomenon". He looked through the contract carefully before signing it. 2.take off vs put on take off：脱下衣物或飞机起飞（动作方向是"移除"）；put on：穿上或假装（动作方向是"添加"） It's hot inside; you can take off your jacket. She put on a brave smile even though she felt nervous. 3.get over vs go through get over：克服困难或从疾病中恢复；go through：经历过程或详细检查（强调持续性） It took her months to get over the loss of her pet. He went through all the documents to find the error. 4.find out vs look for find out：通过调查/询问发现真相；look for：单纯表示寻找的动作（结果未知） They tried to find out who broke the window. She's looking for her keys everywhere. 5.give up vs give in give up：主动放弃某项活动或习惯；give in：屈服于压力或要求（含被动意味） Never give up learning, even when it's challenging. The government refused to give in to the protesters' demands. 6.turn up vs turn down turn up：调高音量或意外出现；turn down：调低音量或拒绝提议 Could you turn up the TV? I can't hear the dialogue. He had to turn down the job offer due to family reasons. 7.break down vs break into break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或分解；break into：强行闯入或突然开始（动作需接具体对象） The car broke down on the highway, causing a traffic jam. The audience broke into applause when the singer appeared. 8.carry on vs carry out carry on：继续进行（强调持续性）；carry out：执行计划/任务或完成实验（侧重结果实现） Despite the noise, the teacher carried on with her lesson. Scientists will carry out a study on climate change next month. 9.run out of vs run out run out of：主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语）；run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，不带宾语） We ran out of milk, so I went to the supermarket. Time is running out; we need to finish the test quickly. 10.pick up vs pick out pick up：捡起、偶然学会或接送某人；pick out：精心挑选或辨认出 Children pick up languages much faster than adults. Can you pick out the main idea of this paragraph? 11.hand in vs hand out hand in：提交作业/报告（指向权威方递交）；hand out：分发材料或分配任务（指向多人发放） Students must hand in their essays by Friday. Volunteers handed out masks to people in the subway. 12.set off vs set up set off：出发旅行或触发警报/反应；set up：建立组织或布置设备（侧重建造/准备） They set off for the mountains at dawn. The government plans to set up more libraries in rural areas. 13.take after vs take in take after：外貌或性格像长辈（基因关联）；take in：理解信息或收留（隐含"吸收"含义） Tom takes after his father; they both have the same sense of humor. The lecture was too fast; I couldn't take in all the details. 14.cut down vs cut off cut down：主动减少数量（如砍树/降低消费）；cut off：强制中断（通讯/供给）或隔绝空间 We should cut down plastic use to protect the environment. The flood cut off the village from the outside world. 15.come across vs come up with come across：偶然发现或偶然遇见（无计划性）；come up with：主动提出想法/解决方案（需动脑） She came across an old photo while cleaning the attic. Can you come up with a better title for this essay? 15.put off vs put up with put off：推迟或使人反感（含双重含义）；put up with：忍耐令人不悦的事物（长期性） Don't put off your homework until the last minute. No one should put up with unfair treatment. 17.make up vs make out make up：编造故事/补考或组成比例；make out：勉强看清/听清或理解复杂内容 Fairy tales are often made up to teach moral lessons. I can't make out what the sign says from this distance. 18.hold on vs hold back hold on：坚持住（困难中）或电话中稍等；hold back：抑制情感或阻止发展（含"压制"意味） Hold on! The rescue team will arrive in ten minutes. She couldn't hold back her laughter during the serious meeting. 19.keep on vs keep up keep on：反复/持续做某事（后接动名词）；keep up：维持水平/速度或跟上节奏（强调"不落后"） The baby kept on crying until her mother hugged her. To keep up with AI technology, he reads tech news daily. 20.bring up vs bring in bring up：提出议题或抚养孩子（主动引导话题或生命）；bring in：引入新事物或赚取收入 The teacher brought up the importance of time management. The new policy will bring in more foreign tourists. 21.fall behind vs fall over fall behind：进度落后（学习/比赛等抽象概念）；fall over：物理摔倒或被绊倒（具体动作） If you miss classes, you'll fall behind in your studies. The boy fell over a stone while running. 22.pass away vs pass out pass away：委婉表达去世（正式用语）；pass out：昏厥或分发物品（根据语境变化） The scientist passed away peacefully at the age of 9 Some runners passed out due to the extreme heat. 23.go on vs go over go on：持续进行（中性描述）或发生（隐含突发性）；go over：仔细检查或复习（含“反复确认”意味） The meeting went on for three hours without a break. Let me go over the instructions again to avoid mistakes. 24.put aside vs put away put aside：暂时搁置（问题）或存钱（抽象/具体均可） ；put away：收纳物品或存钱（口语化） They decided to put aside their differences and work together. After dinner, children helped put away the dishes. 25.call off vs call for call off：取消计划（主动终止）；call for：需要/要求（强调必要性） The concert was called off due to heavy rain. This project calls for teamwork and creativity. 26.break up vs break out break up：关系结束或打碎成小块；break out：突然爆发（战争/疾病）或逃脱 The glass broke up into tiny pieces when it fell. A fire broke out in the factory last night. 27.give off vs give away give off：释放气体/气味（自然散发，无主观意图）；give away：泄露秘密或免费赠送 The flowers give off a sweet fragrance in the evening. His accent gave away his hometown immediately. 28.put forward vs put down put forward：提出建议/理论； put down：写下 Einstein put forward the theory of relativity. Never put down others to make yourself look better. 29.bring about vs bring back bring about：导致重大变化；bring back：归还物品或唤起回忆 The invention of the Internet brought about a communication revolution. This song brings back memories of my childhood. 30.turn out vs turn over turn out：结果是（出乎意料）或生产；turn over：翻转物体或移交责任 It turned out that the missing wallet was in her bag all along. The chef turned over the pancake carefully. 知识点3 高考真题熟词生义 1.lecture 熟义：n. 讲座、讲课 生义：v. 训斥、说教、告诫 Who was I to lecture them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? （2026 全国二卷完形） 我从未正视自己的梦想，又凭什么去告诫他们要勇敢、敢于冒险？ 2.ring 熟义：n. 戒指；v. 打电话 生义：v.（声音）在耳边回响 The boy’s words kept ringing in my ears. （2026 全国二卷完形） 男孩的话语一直在我耳边回荡。 3.launch 熟义：v. 发射火箭；发起活动 生义：n.（产品）发布、上市 What occasion is the dinner for? The launch of a new product. （2026 全国一卷） 这场晚宴是为了什么场合？新品上市发布会。 4.assign 熟义：v. 分配任务、指派人员 生义：v. 划定（停车 / 活动）专属区域 SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone. （2026 全国一卷） 索菲体育场要求车辆必须停在划定的专属停车区域。 5.save 熟义：v. 拯救；节约 生义：v. 预留（车位、座位） Spaces cannot be saved. （2026 全国一卷） 车位不可以预留。 6.account for熟义：n. 账户；v. 解释 生义：v.（数量上）占（比例） Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees. （2026 全国一卷） 橡树和枫香树目前占据了城市树木的大多数。 7.rate 熟义：n. 比率；速度 生义：v. 评判、为…… 打分 The "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object. （2026 全国一卷） 审美小组需要仔细考量，再为每件艺术品的美感打分。 8.engage 熟义：v. 订婚；雇用 生义：v. 吸引、使参与、互动交流 These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations. （2026 全国一卷） 这些数字虚拟向导能和游客展开生动互动。 9.tailor 熟义：v. 裁剪衣服；n. 裁缝 生义：v. 量身适配、定制化设计 It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles. （2026 全国一卷） 它针对不同年龄段与学习风格定制学习体验。 10. address熟义：地址；演讲 生义：设法解决；处理；对付 The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities.（2025全国一卷） 11. strike熟义：打击；罢工；撞击 生义：给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得 “They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.” （2025全国一卷） 12. account熟义：账单；描述；叙述；报道 生义：account for 解释；说明 “We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.”（2025全国一卷） Eventually, you will need to account for your actions/behavior.你终究得对自己的行为做出解释。 13. cut熟义：切；割；砍 生义：削减；降低 “I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.” （2025全国一卷） 14. spare熟义：抽出；匀出；备用的 生义：使免遭（麻烦、痛苦等）；免去 “Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.” （2025全国一卷） 15. count on熟义：指望；依靠 生义：期待，指望，预料到（某事发生） “There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: ...” （2025全国一卷） 16. force the issue熟义：强迫问题（字面义）生义：强行实施；强迫做决定 “my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue” （2025全国一卷） 17. part熟义：部分；分开（动词）生义：（尤指因意见不合）分手；告别 He was unhappy over the way we had parted. （2025全国一卷） 18. place  熟义：v. 放置；安放  n. （某）地方   生义：v. 下（订单） Thank you. Then I can place the order.  （2025全国二卷） 谢谢。那我现在可以下单了。 19. skirt  熟义：n. 女裙；裙子  生义：v. 绕过……的边缘；沿着……边缘走 Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. （2025全国二卷）   绕过市政厅广场，你会发现可爱的商店、餐馆以及黑白屋博物馆。 20. line  熟义：n. 线；队列；队伍   生义：v. 沿……排列成行 Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. （2025全国二卷） 肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店环绕着市政厅广场。 21. flood  熟义：n. 洪水；水灾  v. 淹没   生义：v. 大量涌来；大量涌去 But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. （2025全国二卷）   结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 22. translate  熟义：v. 翻译   生义：v. （使）改变形式；转化 This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. （2025全国二卷）   这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。 23. practice  熟义：v. 练习  n. 练习   生义：v. （医生、律师等）执业，从业 Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. （2025全国二卷）  医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。 24. tailor  熟义：n. （定做男装的）裁缝  v. 定做（衣服）   生义：v. 专门制作（或改制）；定做 Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.  （2025全国二卷） 每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。 为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。 25. reject  熟义：v. 拒绝相信；拒绝接受   生义：v. （因质量差而）决定不出版，决定不发行 Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025全国二卷）   羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的甘薯和黄瓜头等食材都被重新利用，在几位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美味佳肴。 26. address  熟义：v.写收信人姓名地址；致辞；演讲  n. 住址；寄送地址   生义：v. 处理；关注 Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. （2025全国二卷）  尽管如此，它提醒我们，解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。 27. maintain  熟义：v. 维护；养护；保养；坚持；断言；主张   生义：v. 维持；保持 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. （2025全国二卷）  华盛顿大学发现，55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好，整体健康状况维持得更久。 28. work out  熟义：想出，制订出（计划等）；做出（决策等）；（用数学）解决；算出   生义：锻炼；健身；做运动 Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting. （2025全国二卷）  多诺霍女士决心改变自己的生活，开始锻炼并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又发现了对举重的热爱。 29. spare  熟义：v. 抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）  生义：v. 使免遭；使免受；免除 This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. （2025全国二卷）  这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（动词和动词短语） 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. （2026年全国一卷•完形46题）Sure, my friends and I loved to 46 about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere 46. A. dream B. lie C. hear D. complain 1.D 考查动词。句意：诚然，从前我和朋友们总爱抱怨待在偏僻地方有多无聊，然而，在我读完大三之际，我确信只有离开小镇，我们才明白自己有多深爱这里、喜爱这里的点点滴滴。A. dream梦想；B. lie撒谎；C. hear听见；D. complain抱怨。根据后文“how bored we were”可知，作者和朋友从前经常抱怨小镇无趣。 2.（2026年全国一卷•完形48题）However, as I finish up my junior year of college, I'm convinced that it took 48 our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 48. A. touring B. changing C. leaving D. protecting 2.C 考查动词。句意：诚然，从前我和朋友们总爱抱怨待在偏僻地方有多无聊，然而，在我读完大三之际，我确信只有离开小镇，我们才明白自己有多深爱这里、喜爱这里的点点滴滴。A. touring游览；B. changing改变；C. leaving离开；D. protecting保护。根据前文“after I went to school in central Pennsylvania”可知，作者离开家乡后才有全新看法，此处对应离开小镇才懂得珍惜。 3.（2026年全国一卷•完形49题）The pace of life is slow and people 49 connecting to each other. You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they're truly an extension of your family. 49. A. value B. admit C. fear D. remember 3.A 考查动词。句意：这里生活节奏缓慢，人们十分看重彼此间的交往相处。A. value重视；B. admit承认；C. fear害怕；D. remember记住。根据后文“You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they’re truly an _____ of your family.”可知，邻里亲密如家人，能看出当地人珍视人际交往。 4.（2026年全国一卷•完形53题）As I move through my college years, I 53 the visits to my little hometown. 53. A. give up B. put off C. face up to D. look forward to 4.D 考查动词短语。句意：大学期间，我十分期待回到小小的家乡探望。A. give up放弃；B. put off推迟；C. face up to直面；D. look forward to期待。根据后文“the visits to my little hometown”可知，作者内心感念故乡，因此盼望回乡探望。 5.（2026年全国一卷•完形55题）I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can 55 my small town roots to lead me in the right direction. 55. A. inspire B. trust C. remind D. challenge 5.B 考查动词。句意：我感恩成长途中的种种经历，也明白无论下一场人生奔赴何方，我都可以信赖小镇故土孕育的根基，它会指引我走向正确的道路。A. inspire激励；B. trust信任、依靠；C. remind提醒；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“lead me in the right direction”可知，小镇塑造了自己的品性与处事准则，能够依靠小镇故土孕育的根基走向正确的道路。 6.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I 43 to study teaching. 43. A. stepped aside B. got up C. went off D. turned back 6.C 考查动词短语。句意：本科毕业后，我认定写作不适合自己，于是转而学习师范专业。A. stepped aside让位；B. got up起床；C. went off转向、动身去做；D. turned back返回。根据上文“convinced that writing wasn’t for me”以及下文“study teaching”可推知，此处指放弃写作方向，选择学习师范专业。 7.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）Then came an afternoon that 44 everything. I was teaching poetry, encouraging students to write about their dreams. 44. A. changed B. ruined C. revealed D. interrupted 7.A 考查动词。句意：后来有一个下午，彻底改变了一切。A. changed改变；B. ruined毁坏；C. revealed揭示；D. interrupted打断。结合语境，以及最后一段“I applied to go back to university and study creative writing”可知，下文学生的提问让作者的想法和人生选择发生了转变。 8.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I explained that when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer, but I didn’t think I quite had what it 47 . 47. A. kept B. left C. held D. took 8.D 考查动词。句意：我坦言年少时其实想当作家，但我觉得自己并不具备这份职业所需要的能力。A. kept保持；B. left离开；C. held握住；D. took拿。根据上文“After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me”可知，此处指作者觉得自己并不具备当作家的能力，固定搭配“what it takes”表示“做某事或努力获得成功所需的必要素质、技能、能力或条件”。 9.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）The boy replied with a disapproving look, “Well, you are telling us to live our dreams when you haven’t even done it yourself. Have you even 49 ?” 49. A. tried B. noticed C. asked D. waited 9.A 考查动词。句意：男孩带着不赞同的神情回道：“你一直教导我们要追逐梦想，可你自己却从未付诸行动。你真的尝试过吗？”A. tried尝试；B. noticed注意；C. asked询问；D. waited等待。根据语境以及上文“you haven’t even done it yourself”以及“Have you even”可推知，此处指男孩质问作者是否尝试过实现写作梦想。 10.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I was struck speechless — he was right. Who was I to 51 them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? 51. A. examine B. congratulate C. lecture D. consult 10.C 考查动词。句意：我自己都从未认真看待过自己，也从未正视过心中的梦想，又有什么资格去告诫他们要勇敢、敢于冒险呢？A. examine检查；B. congratulate祝贺；C. lecture告诫、说教；D. consult咨询。根据上文“I was struck speechless — he was___________. ”以及下文“them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself for my own”可推知，此处指作者认为自己没有资格告诫学生们，lecture sb. on sth.意为“就某事告诫/教训某人”。 11.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I knew I needed nothing else to succeed but a bit of self-belief and hard work. I 55 to find a way out of my shame and into a pattern of work that I loved. 55. A. remembered B. agreed C. managed D. hesitated 11.C 考查动词。句意：我设法走出内心的羞愧，投入到自己热爱的写作事业中。A. remembered记得；B. agreed同意；C. managed设法做到；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文“I knew I needed nothing else to succeed but a bit of self-belief and hard work.”以及下文“to find a way out of my shame and into a pattern of work that I loved”可推知，此处指作者设法走出自己的自卑愧疚，投入到热爱的事业中。“manage to do sth.” 意为“设法做成某事”。 名校模拟分类精炼（动词和动词短语） 1.（2025年天津3月卷）Regarding the coming school trip, all students must submit the permission form by Friday to________ their participation. A. confirm B. promote C. decline D. restrict 1.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于即将到来的学校旅行，所有学生必须在周五前提交许可表以确认是否参加。A. confirm确认；B. promote促进；C. decline下降；D. restrict限制。“提交许可表”的目的是“确认参与学校旅行”，confirm 表示“确认、证实”，与“参与”搭配合理，符合句意。故选A。 2.（2025年天津3月卷）The survey indicates that young learners________ studying in small groups rather than working alone. A. have a preference for B. have a say in C. take responsibility for D. take pride in 2.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项调查表明，年轻学习者更倾向于小组学习，而非独自学习。A.have a preference for偏爱，更喜欢； B. have a say in对……有发言权；C. take responsibility for对……负责；D.take pride in为……感到骄傲。根据studying in small groups rather than working alone可知，年轻学习者更倾向于小组学习，而非独自学习。故选A项。 3.（2025年天津3月卷）At the end of the meeting, most parents ________ the school’s plan to provide more after-school activities for students. A. approved of B. came across C. put forward D. dealt with 3.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：会议结束时，大多数家长都赞成学校为学生提供更多课后活动的计划。A. approved of赞成；B. came across偶遇；C. put forward提出；D. dealt with处理。根据后文“the school’s plan to provide more after-school activities for students”可知，此处指家长赞成学校提供更多课后活动的计划，approved of符合语境。故选A。 4.（2025年天津6月卷）A family day out is an opportunity to work and school and spend quality time together. A. put aside B. pass on C. take up D. give away 4.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：全家外出游玩是一个放下工作和学校事务，共度美好时光的机会。A. put aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；B. pass on传递；C. take up占据；D. give away赠送。结合“and spend quality time together”可知，空格处应表达“放下（工作和学校事务）”，故用put aside。故选A。 5. （2025年天津6月卷）There are many things teens should when deciding what colleges to apply to. A. set in motion B. get under control C. bring to an end D. take into consideration 5. D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年在决定申请哪所大学时，有很多事情需要考虑。A. set in motion使开始；B. get under control控制住；C. bring to an end结束；D. take into consideration考虑。根据“when deciding what colleges to apply to”可知，在决定申请大学时，需要考虑很多事情，用动词短语take into consideration表示“考虑”，符合语境。故选D项。 6．（2024天津3月卷）Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us deal with anxiety. A．boost B．match C．ruin D．reflect 6. A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：运动不仅对我们的身体有好处，而且还可以改善我们的情绪，帮助我们应对焦虑。A. boost促进，提高；B. match匹配； C. ruin毁灭；D. reflect反思。由句意和help us deal with anxiety可知，这里指运动可以“促进（改善）”我们的情绪。故选A项。 7．（2024天津6月卷）As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City _________ the cultural memory of the country. A．invents B．preserves C．acquires D．declares 7. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为中华文明辉煌历史的象征，紫禁城保存着国家的文化记忆。A. invents发明；B. preserves保存；C. acquires获得；D. declares宣布。根据“the cultural memory of the country”可知，紫禁城作为历史的象征，应该是保存文化记忆。故选B。 8.（2024天津3月卷）Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A．lives up to B．makes up for C．reaches out to D．looks out for 8. B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡洛琳没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。A.lives up to不辜负；B.makes up for弥补；C.reaches out to联系；D.looks out for留意。根据“Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music”及“hard work”可知，她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。故选B。 9.（2024天津6月卷）The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A．turn out B．bring about C．go through D．set up 9. C 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新款电动汽车在向公众发布之前应该经过许多安全测试。A. turn out结果是；B. bring about引起；C. go through通过；D. set up建立。新型电动汽车在正式上市之前应该通过多次安全测试。故选C项。 10．（2023·天津·高考真题）When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A．adding B．adjusting C．applying D．attending 10.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。A. adding增加；B. adjusting适应；C. applying申请；D. attending出席。由下文“to her new surroundings.”可知，此处表示适应新的环境，adjust to固定搭配，意为“适应”，故选B。 11．（2022·天津·高考真题）If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A．highlight B．identify C．ignore D．prevent 11.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A．stayed B．turned C．grown D．got 12.A 【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。 13．（2021·天津·高考真题）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit 13.C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined 14.D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。 15．（2018·天津·高考真题）It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out. A．study B．display C．deliver D．publish 15.A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路，所以在出发前仔细看一张好地图是很重要的。A. study 细看；B. display展示；C. deliver 投递；D. publish出版。由“It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city，before you set out”可知，study“细看”符合句意。故选A项。 16．（2018·天津·高考真题）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A．display B．acquire C．teach D．test 16.B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。 点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。 17．（2021·天津·高考真题）I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A．made up for B．run out of C．kept away from D．got down to 17.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。 18．（2020·天津·高考真题）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off 18.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据； B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。 19．（2017·天津·高考真题）Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked. A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set aside 19.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在离开美国之前，她把大部分家具都送给了朋友，并乐意让她们挑选自己喜欢的那件。A.picked up 捡起;B.gave away 赠送;C.put down 放下D.set aside置……于不顾。根据句意，离开美国之前，她把家具“赠送”给朋友。故选B。 20．（2020·天津·高考真题）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to 20.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。 21．（2020·天津·高考真题）The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs. A．look over B．bring in C．put aside D．knock out 21.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果能够证明新技术能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进。A. look over检查，察看；B. bring in引进；C. put aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；D. knock out击倒，打破。根据“if it can be shown to reduce production costs.”可知，此处指公司引进新技术，故选B。 22．（2018·天津·高考真题）When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to 22.B 【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提供有用信息的书籍。A. point to指向；B. turn to求助于；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to属于。由“When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”可知，turn to“求助于”符合句意。故选B项。 23．（2019·天津·高考真题）Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying. A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off 23.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside存储，留出；B. take back收回，拿回；C. make out辨认出，理解，了解；D. keep off（使）避开。根据but可推知，凯特应该是听不清。故选C。 24．（2019·天津·高考真题）We are determined that our training should ______the current development in education. A．keep pace with B．take possession of C．make room for D．give birth to 24.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们决心使我们的培训跟上当前教育的发展。A. keep pace with保持同步；B. take possession of占有，拥有；C. make room for为……腾出空间；D. give birth to产生，造成。故A选项正确。 25．（2019·天津·高考真题）You should respect the views of others, and at the same time what you think is right. A．care for B．look at C．insist on D．meet with 26.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。A. care for关心，照顾；B. look at看；C. insist on坚持；D. meet with符合，偶然遇见。故C选项正确。 重点语法填空原创（动词和动词短语） 千年瓷都景德镇圆梦世遗 Jingdezhen Handicraft Porcelain Industry Sites were 1 (official) inscribed (写入) on the UNESCO World Heritage List during 2 48th session of the World Heritage Committee in Busan on July 25, 2026, bringing China's total world heritage sites to 61. 3 (cover) a total area of 1,979 hectares, the heritage zone contains 45 component sites which formed a complete ancient handmade porcelain industrial system from the 10th to the 19th century. Ancient craftsmen combined local kiln-making skills with 4 (import) mineral pigmentsand(矿物颜料) foreign artistic styles, 5 made porcelain a vital medium for Sino-foreign culturalexchanges in ancient civilizations. China has devoted nearly 50 years to heritage protection work, and the whole new nomination application took 11 years 6 total. Relevant officials mention that this honor can help to 7 (strength) public awareness of Jingdezhen's irreplaceable historical value. Scientific protection measures can stimulate urban 8 (renew) and create economic growth points for local characteristic cultural industries(特色文化产业). Over thousands of years, Jingdezhen porcelain 9 (serve) as a crucial bridge for global trade and cultural communication. The new world heritage identity will provide the millennium-old porcelain capital(千年瓷都) with a 10 (bright) developmental prospect than ever before. This historic success is highly recognized by cultural scholars worldwide. 【答案】1. officially 2. the 3. Covering 4. imported 5. which 6. in 7. strengthen 8. renewal 9. has served 10. brighter 【导读】2026年7月25日，在韩国釜山举办的第48届世界遗产大会上，景德镇手工瓷业遗存正式被列入《世界遗产名录》，我国世界遗产总量升至61项。这也是全球第一项以完整手工制瓷全产业链为核心的世界遗产，补齐了世界遗产体系中长期缺失的“瓷”类主题板块。 【解析】 1. 考查副词。句意：2026年7月 25日，在釜山举办的第48届世界遗产委员会会议上，景德镇手工业瓷窑遗址正式列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，我国世界遗产总数增至61处。结合语境这里修饰动词应用副词。officially正式地。故填officially。 2. 考查冠词。句意：同上。结合语境序数词前用定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查。句意：该遗产区总面积1979公顷，包含45处组成遗址，完整呈现了公元10至19世纪古代手工制瓷产业体系。结合语境这里应用现在分词短语作状语，表示“占地……”，主动概念。故填Covering。 4. 考查非谓语。句意：古代匠人将本土窑造工艺与外来矿物颜料、海外艺术风格相融，令瓷器成为古代中外文化交流的重要载体。结合语境这里应用过去分词作定语，表示“被进口的”，含有被动之意。故填imported。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。结合语境这里应用which引导非限制性定语从句，并充当其主语。故填which。 6. 考查介词。句意：中国为此开展遗产保护工作近五十载，本次全新申报筹备历时整整11年。结合语境这里考查in total短语，表示 “总共”。故填in。 7. 考查动词。句意：工作人员表示，此次入选有助于大众认识景德镇不可替代的历史价值；科学化保护举措能够推动城市更新，为地方特色文化产业打造新的经济增长点。结合语境help to do表示“有助于……”。strengthen表示“加强，强化”。故填strengthen。 8. 考查名词。句意：同上。结合语境urban renewal表示“城市更新”。故填renewal。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：数千年来，景德镇瓷器始终是全球贸易与文化交流的重要纽带。结合语境Over thousands of years,应与现在完成时连用；serve as表示“担任，充当”。故填has served。 10. 考查比较级。句意：获评世界遗产，将为这座千年瓷都迎来前所未有的广阔发展前景。结合语境这里应用形容词比较级与than ever before呼应。故填brighter。 35 / 35 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题31 动词和动词短语（知识清单） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第4页，共14页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 动词分类 知识点1 英语动词的分类 知识点2 动词的句法功能 考点二 助动词 知识点1 助动词的分类 知识点2 助动词的用法 考点三 实义动词 知识点1 实义动词的分类 知识点2 及物动词的用法 知识点3 不及物动词用法 知识点4 延续性动词用法 知识点5 瞬时性动词用法 考点四 连系动词 知识点1 连系动词的分类 知识点2 状态类系动词 知识点3 持续类系动词 知识点4 感官类系动词 知识点5 变化类系动词 知识点6 终止类系动词 考点五 动词词尾曲折变化 知识点1词尾曲折变化分类 知识点2 单三人称的规则 知识点3 动词-ing的规则 知识点4 动词-ed的规则 知识点5 不规则动词的变化 考点六 动词短语 知识点1动词+介词/副词短语 知识点2 易混动词短语 知识点3 动词熟词生义 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 全国真题（动词和动词短语） 天津真题（动词和动词短语） 原创语填（千年瓷都景德镇圆梦世遗） 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点1动词的分类 知识点1英语动词的分类 知识点2动词的句法功能 句子成分 示例 实义动词直接作谓语 He cleans his room every single weekend.他每个周末都打扫自己的房间。 系动词+表语构成主系表 The flowers smell sweet and refreshing.这些花儿闻起来清甜又沁人心脾。 情态动词+动词构成谓语 We must value every precious minute.我们必须珍惜每一分宝贵的时光。 助动词+实义动词构成谓语 We will spend holiday in quiet countryside.我们将在宁静乡村度过假期。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，不定式作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补 To keep fit requires regular daily exercise.坚持健康需要每日规律锻炼。 She decides to devote time to reading books.她决定投入时间坚持阅读书籍。 Parents encourage us to stick to our dreams.父母鼓励我们坚守自己心中的梦想。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，动名词作主语、宾语、表语、定语 My daily pleasure is listening to soft music. 我日常乐趣是聆听轻柔的音乐。 There is a swimming pool behind our school.我校后方有一座游泳池。 He enjoys sharing ideas with close friends.他乐于和挚友分享内心想法。 非谓语动词不能直接作谓语，分词作表语、定语、状语、宾补 We felt amazed at the wonderful scenery.我们对美景感到无比惊叹。 I heard her singing softly in the next room.我听见她在隔壁房间轻声歌唱。 Letters written by her warm my whole heart.她写的信件温暖了我的整颗心。 考点2 助动词 知识点1助动词分类 知识点2助动词用法 1.助动词的定义：协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。与被协助的主要动词构成时态，语态、疑问句、否定句和加强语气等。助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语意思。 2.助动词的作用：助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能，可以用来构成 、 ，构成 ，加强语气，构成 。 I have memorized all key grammar points. 我已经熟记所有重点语法知识点。 He does not waste time on meaningless games. 他不把时间浪费在无意义游戏上。 We will spare no effort to chase dreams. 我们将全力以赴追逐心中梦想。 3.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）用法：助动词be+ ，构成进行时态；助动词be+ ，构成被动语态；助动词be+ ，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 4.助动词have (has, had) 的用法：have + ，构成完成时态；have + + ，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 5. 助动词do (does, did) 的用法：助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般 、 、 、 。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 6.助动词shall/ should，will/would的用法：shall构成一般 时，should构成 将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般 时，would构成 将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall discuss the plan after class. 我们下课后讨论这个方案。 He said he should finish the task on time. 他说他会按时完成任务。 She told me she would keep practicing every day. 她告诉我她会每天坚持练习。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业） your father (read) newspapers every morning? 2．（25-26高一·全国·寒假作业） the new school library (decorate) now? I need to borrow some books. 3．（25-26高三·广东·学业考试复习）You (not need) to come if you are busy. 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）So busy I with my study that I seldom have time for unnecessary entertainment. 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）No sooner (he, arrive) home than it began to rain heavily. 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）So difficult I find it to master a foreign language in such a short time. 7．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Not only the festival bring joy to the locals, but it also attracts many tourists. 8．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）Not only they prepare delicious food, but they also decorated the entire house. 9．（25-26高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Catherine is a very brave girl. She always asks questions in class, and so________ Mary. 10．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Not until he left home he begin to realize how much he loved his parents. 考点3 实义动词 知识点1实义动词分类 知识点2及物动词用法 及物动词后必须跟宾语（可以是名词、代词、动名词等），否则句子不完整。 1.动词+宾语（ ） I like this book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。 2.动词+宾语+宾补（主谓 ） I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 （主谓 ） Mom bought me a lovely little notebook. 妈妈给我买了可爱的小本子。 Grandpa taught me useful life experience. 爷爷教给我实用的人生经验。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 4.be+过去分词（ ） This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 知识点3不及物动词用法 1.不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也 用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 2.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 3.不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 知识点4延续性动词用法 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示 的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 知识点5瞬时性动词用法 1. 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词， 与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等。 She joined the club two months ago. 她两个月前加入了社团。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 2.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用 代替。 1. leave→be away离开; 2. borrow→keep借; 3. buy→have买; 4. begin→be on开始/上演; 5. die→be dead去世; 6. finish→be over结束/完成; 7. join→be in…参加； 8. marry→ be married结婚； 9. fall ill→be ill生病； 10. get up→be up起床； 11. lose one's work→be out of work失业； 12. come here→be here来这里； 13. go there→be there去那里； 14. become→be成为； 15. come back→be back回来； 16. fall asleep→be asleep睡着； 17. wake up→be awake醒； 18. leave→be away from离开； 19. get to know→know认识； 20. put on→wear穿上 I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 知识点6情态动词用法 请参考 专题13 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测-学科网 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（25-26高二上·全国·随堂练习）You'd better (low) your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live. 2．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）A violent earthquake shook the land, giant waves rolled over the shores, and the island (sink) into the sea never to be seen again. 3．（25-26高二上·全国·课后作业）The baby (interrupt) me while I was on the phone. 4．（25-26高一·全国·单元测试）Her body was no longer able to (defence) itself against disease. 5．（25-26高一·全国·课后作业）Reading history is an amazing experience because it (able) us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago. 6．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）In the past three weeks, we have been burying (we) in study because the exam is drawing near. 7．（25-26高二·全国·课后作业）My main reason for (subscribe) to New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science. 8．（25-26高二上·全国·随堂练习）But her mother wouldn’t like her daughter (have) that name because she thought that sounded too much like a boy’s name. 9．（25-26高一·全国·单元测试）I had dreams but they seemed too far away for me to make them a ________ (real). 10．（25-26高二下·全国·单元测试）It scared me to see a whale (attack) by a pack of about six other killers at that time. 考点四 连系动词 知识点1 连系动词的分类 知识点2状态类系动词 状态类系动词是用来表示主语的性质、状态、身份或特征的动词，其后通常接 、 、 等表语，构成 “主语+系动词+表语”的基本结构。最常见的状态类系动词是be动词（am, is, are, was, were）。 My parents were teachers before retirement. 我父母退休前是教师。 The room was quiet except for a soft music. 除了轻柔的音乐，房间里很安静。 知识点3持续类系动词 持续系动词表示主语持续的状态，如 保持， 保持， 保持， 位于， 矗立等。 Keep patient whenever you meet unexpected troubles. 遇到意外麻烦始终保持耐心。 She remained calm through the whole tough test. 整场艰难考试她都保持镇定。 知识点4感官类系动词 感官系动词表示人体感官的感受，如 看起来， 看起来, 好像， 听起来， 闻起来， 尝起来， 摸起来。 He appears a little nervous before the speech. 演讲前他看上去略显紧张不安。 The soft sweater feels smooth against the skin. 这件软毛衣摸起来贴身顺滑舒适。 知识点5变化类系动词 变化系动词表示主语状态的变化，如 变成, 变得, 转变, 变得, 变得等。 Her face turned red out of sudden great shyness. 突如其来的羞涩让她脸颊涨得通红。 The apples went bad in the hot closed room. 苹果在闷热密闭房间里变质坏掉了。 知识点6终止类系动词 终止类系动词中  和   侧重 “结果被证实”，表示主语的状态或性质最终被证明为某种情况，强调 “从表象到明确结果” 的终止性转变。 The task proved far easier than we had expected. 这项任务结果远比我们预想的简单。 The activity turned out meaningful and rewarding. 这次活动最终被证明充实且很有价值。 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（2026高三·北京·专题练习）The silk dress bought in the store (feel) smooth and comfortable, so my mother decided to take it. 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 3．（25-26高二·全国·课后作业）It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 4．（25-26高二上·吉林松原·期中）She loves the boy as if she (be) his mother. 5．（25-26高二上·新疆乌鲁木齐·阶段检测）The woodcutter determined to take the job--the pay was really good and so the work conditions. 6．（25-26高一上·全国·单元测试）Do I have to take this medicine? It (taste) so terrible. 7．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）There (be) a book and two pens on the desk just now. 8．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Tom seems (interest) in the job，but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. 9．（25-26高三·北京·三轮复习）The efforts made to maintain medium friendships sometimes seem _______(overwhelm). 10．（25-26高三·全国·三轮复习）The artist herself appeared ( disturb) by the personal nature of the questions asked during the Q&A session. 考点五 动词词尾屈折变化 知识点1 动词词尾曲折变化分类 知识点2 动词单数第三人称变化 规则 示例 一般情况，直接加-s work → works play → plays 以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾，加-es pass → passes watch → watches wash → washes go → goes fix → fixes 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-es study → studies fly → flies carry → carries 元音字母a/e/i/o/u+y结尾，直接加s play→plays enjoy→enjoys 特殊记忆 have → has do → does My mother cleans the house early each Sunday morning. 妈妈每周日一早打扫屋子。 The train goes through small villages in the countryside. 火车穿行在乡间的小村庄之间。 He studies hard so that he can enter his ideal university. 他刻苦学习想要考入理想大学。 She has a positive attitude towards all difficulties. 她面对所有困难都抱有积极心态。 知识点3 动词-ing变化规则 规则 示例 一般情况直接加-ing work → working study → studying 以不发音字母e结尾，去e加- ing make → making write → writing 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母再加- ing swim → swimming stop → stopping 以ie结尾，变ie为y 再加- ing lie → lying die → dying tie → tying 特殊记忆 picnic → picnicking野餐 panic →panicking恐慌 dye→dyeing染色 canoe→canoeing划独木舟 易错单词 write→writing写作 fix→fixing 维修 suffer→suffering遭受 offer→offering 提供 He is working on his daily homework. 他正在完成日常作业。 She is writing a short English composition. 她正在写一篇英语小短文。 The boy is running across the green grass. 男孩正在草地上奔跑。 The old tree is slowly dying in dry weather. 老树在干旱天气里渐渐枯萎。 She kept calm instead of panicking at the accident. 事发时她镇定自若没有慌乱。 They enjoy canoeing along the quiet river every weekend. 他们周末喜欢在静水河道划独木舟。 知识点4 动词-ed变化规则 规则 示例 一般动词直接加 -ed work→worked play→played 以不发音字母 e 结尾，只加 -d like → liked close → closed 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped occur→occurred admit→admitted 辅音字母+y 结尾，变y为i再加-ed study→studied carry→carried 元音字母+y 结尾，直接加-ed display→displayed destroy→destroyed 特殊记忆 picnic → picnicked野餐 panic →panicked恐慌 易错单词 open→opened打开 fix→fixed 维修 suffer→suffered遭受 offer→offered 提供 He worked overtime to finish the tough task yesterday. 他昨日加班完成了艰巨的任务。 She has lived in this small town for nearly ten years. 她在这座小镇居住了将近十年之久。 He stopped walking and listened carefully to the voice. 他停下脚步仔细聆听那传来的声音。 The crowd panicked when the sudden noise appeared. 突发声响出现时人群陷入了恐慌。 知识点5 不规则动词变化 规则 示例 A-A-A 型 cost — cost — cost hurt — hurt — hurt read — read — read spread—spread--spread A-A-B 型 beat — beat — beaten打败 A-B-A 型 come — came — come run — ran — run 跑 become — became — become overcome-overcome--overcome 特殊：welcome—welcomed-welcomed A-B-B 型 fight— fought — fought sell— sold — sold sweep — swept— swept feel— felt — felt spend — spent — spent A-B-C 型i → a → u drink — drank — drunk swim — swam — swum A-B-C 型ow → ew → own grow — grew — grown throw — threw — thrown A-B-C 型 fall — fell — fallen forget — forgot — forgotten freeze — froze — frozen go — went — gone 【即时训练】在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）It never rains but it pours! First I lost the keys to my office and then I found that the car __________ (steal). 2．（26-27高一上·全国·课后作业）It is reported that many a new house __________ (build) at present in the disaster area. 3．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）By the time he was twelve years old, a chemistry lab of his own __________ (set) up by himself. 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I __________ (lose) my keys on my way home, but my friend __________ (find) them later. 5．（26-27高二·全国·暑假作业）Hardly had the journey begun when a problem __________ (arise). 考点六 动词短语 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 1. break break away from　放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解 break in 闯入, 插嘴break into  闯入break out   (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up  打碎, 分手, 关系破裂 2. bring bring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in引进; 带来; 赚得bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐 3. call call for要求; 需要; 去取call back 回忆起call in召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up打电话给;使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜访 4. come come about 发生come to苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true  实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议等)ome on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油 5. get get across    解释清楚; 使……被理解get away from  避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around   四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with进展; 与……相处get over克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话 6. give give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out  分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽 give up 放弃 7. go go against违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead开始(做某事); 接着干go around 参观; (消息)传播go by过去; 经过 go down下降; 下沉go on继续; 发生go over复习, 仔细检查go through  经历; 仔细检查go with与……相配go without  没有……也行 8. hold hold back犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on别挂断hold out坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃 9. keep keepaway from  远离; 避开keep back  隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身……外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续keep up with 跟上keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on照看; 密切注视 10. leave leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out遗漏, 忽略 11. look look around 环顾四周look away from把目光从……移开look into调查; 窥视look back on回忆，回顾look up查找, 查询; 向上看look up to尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看look out for心, 留意, 小心 12. make make use of 利用make up组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致 make sense有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功 13. put put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away收拾, 整理; 储存put back把……放回原处put forwar提出; 拨快put down记下, 写下, 镇压put out伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演 14. set set aside划出; 留出; 拨出set about着手做某事 set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off   动身; 引起; 使爆炸set up   建立, 创立 15. turn turn away   走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over   翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against  反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于 16. take take after  长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up从事; 占据(时间、空间);接着做take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用take over接管, 接收take advantage of利用takeit easy放松, 别紧张take your time 慢慢来, 别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action 采取行动 知识点2 易混动词短语 1.look up vs look through look up：强调主动查阅资料或抬头看；look through：侧重快速浏览或仔细检查 She opened the dictionary to look up the pronunciation of "phenomenon". He looked through the contract carefully before signing it. 2.take off vs put on take off：脱下衣物或飞机起飞（动作方向是"移除"）；put on：穿上或假装（动作方向是"添加"） It's hot inside; you can take off your jacket. She put on a brave smile even though she felt nervous. 3.get over vs go through get over：克服困难或从疾病中恢复；go through：经历过程或详细检查（强调持续性） It took her months to get over the loss of her pet. He went through all the documents to find the error. 4.find out vs look for find out：通过调查/询问发现真相；look for：单纯表示寻找的动作（结果未知） They tried to find out who broke the window. She's looking for her keys everywhere. 5.give up vs give in give up：主动放弃某项活动或习惯；give in：屈服于压力或要求（含被动意味） Never give up learning, even when it's challenging. The government refused to give in to the protesters' demands. 6.turn up vs turn down turn up：调高音量或意外出现；turn down：调低音量或拒绝提议 Could you turn up the TV? I can't hear the dialogue. He had to turn down the job offer due to family reasons. 7.break down vs break into break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或分解；break into：强行闯入或突然开始（动作需接具体对象） The car broke down on the highway, causing a traffic jam. The audience broke into applause when the singer appeared. 8.carry on vs carry out carry on：继续进行（强调持续性）；carry out：执行计划/任务或完成实验（侧重结果实现） Despite the noise, the teacher carried on with her lesson. Scientists will carry out a study on climate change next month. 9.run out of vs run out run out of：主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语）；run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，不带宾语） We ran out of milk, so I went to the supermarket. Time is running out; we need to finish the test quickly. 10.pick up vs pick out pick up：捡起、偶然学会或接送某人；pick out：精心挑选或辨认出 Children pick up languages much faster than adults. Can you pick out the main idea of this paragraph? 11.hand in vs hand out hand in：提交作业/报告（指向权威方递交）；hand out：分发材料或分配任务（指向多人发放） Students must hand in their essays by Friday. Volunteers handed out masks to people in the subway. 12.set off vs set up set off：出发旅行或触发警报/反应；set up：建立组织或布置设备（侧重建造/准备） They set off for the mountains at dawn. The government plans to set up more libraries in rural areas. 13.take after vs take in take after：外貌或性格像长辈（基因关联）；take in：理解信息或收留（隐含"吸收"含义） Tom takes after his father; they both have the same sense of humor. The lecture was too fast; I couldn't take in all the details. 14.cut down vs cut off cut down：主动减少数量（如砍树/降低消费）；cut off：强制中断（通讯/供给）或隔绝空间 We should cut down plastic use to protect the environment. The flood cut off the village from the outside world. 15.come across vs come up with come across：偶然发现或偶然遇见（无计划性）；come up with：主动提出想法/解决方案（需动脑） She came across an old photo while cleaning the attic. Can you come up with a better title for this essay? 15.put off vs put up with put off：推迟或使人反感（含双重含义）；put up with：忍耐令人不悦的事物（长期性） Don't put off your homework until the last minute. No one should put up with unfair treatment. 17.make up vs make out make up：编造故事/补考或组成比例；make out：勉强看清/听清或理解复杂内容 Fairy tales are often made up to teach moral lessons. I can't make out what the sign says from this distance. 18.hold on vs hold back hold on：坚持住（困难中）或电话中稍等；hold back：抑制情感或阻止发展（含"压制"意味） Hold on! The rescue team will arrive in ten minutes. She couldn't hold back her laughter during the serious meeting. 19.keep on vs keep up keep on：反复/持续做某事（后接动名词）；keep up：维持水平/速度或跟上节奏（强调"不落后"） The baby kept on crying until her mother hugged her. To keep up with AI technology, he reads tech news daily. 20.bring up vs bring in bring up：提出议题或抚养孩子（主动引导话题或生命）；bring in：引入新事物或赚取收入 The teacher brought up the importance of time management. The new policy will bring in more foreign tourists. 21.fall behind vs fall over fall behind：进度落后（学习/比赛等抽象概念）；fall over：物理摔倒或被绊倒（具体动作） If you miss classes, you'll fall behind in your studies. The boy fell over a stone while running. 22.pass away vs pass out pass away：委婉表达去世（正式用语）；pass out：昏厥或分发物品（根据语境变化） The scientist passed away peacefully at the age of 9 Some runners passed out due to the extreme heat. 23.go on vs go over go on：持续进行（中性描述）或发生（隐含突发性）；go over：仔细检查或复习（含“反复确认”意味） The meeting went on for three hours without a break. Let me go over the instructions again to avoid mistakes. 24.put aside vs put away put aside：暂时搁置（问题）或存钱（抽象/具体均可） ；put away：收纳物品或存钱（口语化） They decided to put aside their differences and work together. After dinner, children helped put away the dishes. 25.call off vs call for call off：取消计划（主动终止）；call for：需要/要求（强调必要性） The concert was called off due to heavy rain. This project calls for teamwork and creativity. 26.break up vs break out break up：关系结束或打碎成小块；break out：突然爆发（战争/疾病）或逃脱 The glass broke up into tiny pieces when it fell. A fire broke out in the factory last night. 27.give off vs give away give off：释放气体/气味（自然散发，无主观意图）；give away：泄露秘密或免费赠送 The flowers give off a sweet fragrance in the evening. His accent gave away his hometown immediately. 28.put forward vs put down put forward：提出建议/理论； put down：写下 Einstein put forward the theory of relativity. Never put down others to make yourself look better. 29.bring about vs bring back bring about：导致重大变化；bring back：归还物品或唤起回忆 The invention of the Internet brought about a communication revolution. This song brings back memories of my childhood. 30.turn out vs turn over turn out：结果是（出乎意料）或生产；turn over：翻转物体或移交责任 It turned out that the missing wallet was in her bag all along. The chef turned over the pancake carefully. 知识点3 高考真题熟词生义 1.lecture 熟义：n. 讲座、讲课 生义：v. Who was I to lecture them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? （2026 全国二卷完形） 我从未正视自己的梦想，又凭什么去告诫他们要勇敢、敢于冒险？ 2.ring 熟义：n. 戒指；v. 打电话 生义：v. The boy’s words kept ringing in my ears. （2026 全国二卷完形） 男孩的话语一直在我耳边回荡。 3.launch 熟义：v. 发射火箭；发起活动 生义：n. What occasion is the dinner for? The launch of a new product. （2026 全国一卷） 这场晚宴是为了什么场合？新品上市发布会。 4.assign 熟义：v. 分配任务、指派人员 生义：v. SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone. （2026 全国一卷） 索菲体育场要求车辆必须停在划定的专属停车区域。 5.save 熟义：v. 拯救；节约 生义：v. Spaces cannot be saved. （2026 全国一卷） 车位不可以预留。 6.account for熟义：n. 账户；v. 解释 生义：v. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees. （2026 全国一卷） 橡树和枫香树目前占据了城市树木的大多数。 7.rate 熟义：n. 比率；速度 生义：v. The "beauty" group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object. （2026 全国一卷） 审美小组需要仔细考量，再为每件艺术品的美感打分。 8.engage 熟义：v. 订婚；雇用 生义：v. These digital assistants engage visitors in dynamic conversations. （2026 全国一卷） 这些数字虚拟向导能和游客展开生动互动。 9.tailor 熟义：v. 裁剪衣服；n. 裁缝 生义：v. It tailors learning experiences to different age groups and learning styles. （2026 全国一卷） 它针对不同年龄段与学习风格定制学习体验。 10. address熟义：地址；演讲 生义： The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities.（2025全国一卷） 11. strike熟义：打击；罢工；撞击 生义： “They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.” （2025全国一卷） 12. account熟义：账单；描述；叙述；报道 生义：account for  “We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.”（2025全国一卷） Eventually, you will need to account for your actions/behavior.你终究得对自己的行为做出解释。 13. cut熟义：切；割；砍 生义： “I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.” （2025全国一卷） 14. spare熟义：抽出；匀出；备用的 生义： “Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.” （2025全国一卷） 15. count on熟义：指望；依靠 生义： “There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: ...” （2025全国一卷） 16. force the issue熟义：强迫问题（字面义）生义： “my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue” （2025全国一卷） 17. part熟义：部分；分开（动词）生义： He was unhappy over the way we had parted. （2025全国一卷） 18. place  熟义：v. 放置；安放  n. （某）地方   生义：v. Thank you. Then I can place the order.  （2025全国二卷） 谢谢。那我现在可以下单了。 19. skirt  熟义：n. 女裙；裙子  生义：v. Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. （2025全国二卷）   绕过市政厅广场，你会发现可爱的商店、餐馆以及黑白屋博物馆。 20. line  熟义：n. 线；队列；队伍   生义：v. Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. （2025全国二卷） 肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店环绕着市政厅广场。 21. flood  熟义：n. 洪水；水灾  v. 淹没   生义：v. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. （2025全国二卷）   结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 22. translate  熟义：v. 翻译   生义：v. This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. （2025全国二卷）   这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。 23. practice  熟义：v. 练习  n. 练习   生义：v. Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. （2025全国二卷）  医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。 24. tailor  熟义：n. （定做男装的）裁缝  v. 定做（衣服）   生义：v. Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.  （2025全国二卷） 每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。 为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。 25. reject  熟义：v. 拒绝相信；拒绝接受   生义：v. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025全国二卷）   羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的甘薯和黄瓜头等食材都被重新利用，在几位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美味佳肴。 26. address  熟义：v.写收信人姓名地址；致辞；演讲  n. 住址；寄送地址   生义：v. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. （2025全国二卷）  尽管如此，它提醒我们，解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。 27. maintain  熟义：v. 维护；养护；保养；坚持；断言；主张   生义：v. Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. （2025全国二卷）  华盛顿大学发现，55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好，整体健康状况维持得更久。 28. work out  熟义：想出，制订出（计划等）；做出（决策等）；（用数学）解决；算出   生义： Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting. （2025全国二卷）  多诺霍女士决心改变自己的生活，开始锻炼并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又发现了对举重的热爱。 29. spare  熟义：v. 抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等）  生义：v. This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. （2025全国二卷）  这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。 优题精练·专题实战通关 高考真题分类精炼（动词和动词短语） 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. （2026年全国一卷•完形46题）Sure, my friends and I loved to 46 about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere 46. A. dream B. lie C. hear D. complain 2.（2026年全国一卷•完形48题）However, as I finish up my junior year of college, I'm convinced that it took 48 our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it. 48. A. touring B. changing C. leaving D. protecting 3.（2026年全国一卷•完形49题）The pace of life is slow and people 49 connecting to each other. You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they're truly an extension of your family. 49. A. value B. admit C. fear D. remember 4.（2026年全国一卷•完形53题）As I move through my college years, I 53 the visits to my little hometown. 53. A. give up B. put off C. face up to D. look forward to 5.（2026年全国一卷•完形55题）I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can 55 my small town roots to lead me in the right direction. 55. A. inspire B. trust C. remind D. challenge 6.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I 43 to study teaching. 43. A. stepped aside B. got up C. went off D. turned back 7.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）Then came an afternoon that 44 everything. I was teaching poetry, encouraging students to write about their dreams. 44. A. changed B. ruined C. revealed D. interrupted 8.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I explained that when I was his age, I actually wanted to be a writer, but I didn’t think I quite had what it 47 . 47. A. kept B. left C. held D. took 9.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）The boy replied with a disapproving look, “Well, you are telling us to live our dreams when you haven’t even done it yourself. Have you even 49 ?” 49. A. tried B. noticed C. asked D. waited 10.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I was struck speechless — he was right. Who was I to 51 them on bravery and risk when I had never taken myself nor my own desires seriously? 51. A. examine B. congratulate C. lecture D. consult 11.（2026年全国二卷•完形43题）I knew I needed nothing else to succeed but a bit of self-belief and hard work. I 55 to find a way out of my shame and into a pattern of work that I loved. 55. A. remembered B. agreed C. managed D. hesitated 名校模拟分类精炼（动词和动词短语） 1.（2025年天津3月卷）Regarding the coming school trip, all students must submit the permission form by Friday to________ their participation. A. confirm B. promote C. decline D. restrict 2.（2025年天津3月卷）The survey indicates that young learners________ studying in small groups rather than working alone. A. have a preference for B. have a say in C. take responsibility for D. take pride in 3.（2025年天津3月卷）At the end of the meeting, most parents ________ the school’s plan to provide more after-school activities for students. A. approved of B. came across C. put forward D. dealt with 4.（2025年天津6月卷）A family day out is an opportunity to work and school and spend quality time together. A. put aside B. pass on C. take up D. give away 5. （2025年天津6月卷）There are many things teens should when deciding what colleges to apply to. A. set in motion B. get under control C. bring to an end D. take into consideration 6．（2024天津3月卷）Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us deal with anxiety. A．boost B．match C．ruin D．reflect 7．（2024天津6月卷）As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City _________ the cultural memory of the country. A．invents B．preserves C．acquires D．declares 8.（2024天津3月卷）Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A．lives up to B．makes up for C．reaches out to D．looks out for 9.（2024天津6月卷）The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A．turn out B．bring about C．go through D．set up 10．（2023·天津·高考真题）When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A．adding B．adjusting C．applying D．attending 11．（2022·天津·高考真题）If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A．highlight B．identify C．ignore D．prevent 12．（2021·天津·高考真题）Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A．stayed B．turned C．grown D．got 13．（2021·天津·高考真题）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit 14．（2020·天津·高考真题）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking. A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined 15．（2018·天津·高考真题）It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out. A．study B．display C．deliver D．publish 16．（2018·天津·高考真题）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer. A．display B．acquire C．teach D．test 17．（2021·天津·高考真题）I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A．made up for B．run out of C．kept away from D．got down to 18．（2020·天津·高考真题）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work. A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off 19．（2017·天津·高考真题）Before leaving America, she _____ much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked. A．picked up B．gave away C．put down D．set aside 20．（2020·天津·高考真题）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to 21．（2020·天津·高考真题）The company is willing to ______________ the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs. A．look over B．bring in C．put aside D．knock out 22．（2018·天津·高考真题）When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information. A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to 23．（2019·天津·高考真题）Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ________ what he was saying. A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off 24．（2019·天津·高考真题）We are determined that our training should ______the current development in education. A．keep pace with B．take possession of C．make room for D．give birth to 25．（2019·天津·高考真题）You should respect the views of others, and at the same time what you think is right. A．care for B．look at C．insist on D．meet with 重点语法填空原创（动词和动词短语） 千年瓷都景德镇圆梦世遗 Jingdezhen Handicraft Porcelain Industry Sites were 1 (official) inscribed (写入) on the UNESCO World Heritage List during 2 48th session of the World Heritage Committee in Busan on July 25, 2026, bringing China's total world heritage sites to 61. 3 (cover) a total area of 1,979 hectares, the heritage zone contains 45 component sites which formed a complete ancient handmade porcelain industrial system from the 10th to the 19th century. Ancient craftsmen combined local kiln-making skills with 4 (import) mineral pigmentsand(矿物颜料) foreign artistic styles, 5 made porcelain a vital medium for Sino-foreign culturalexchanges in ancient civilizations. China has devoted nearly 50 years to heritage protection work, and the whole new nomination application took 11 years 6 total. Relevant officials mention that this honor can help to 7 (strength) public awareness of Jingdezhen's irreplaceable historical value. Scientific protection measures can stimulate urban 8 (renew) and create economic growth points for local characteristic cultural industries(特色文化产业). Over thousands of years, Jingdezhen porcelain 9 (serve) as a crucial bridge for global trade and cultural communication. The new world heritage identity will provide the millennium-old porcelain capital(千年瓷都) with a 10 (bright) developmental prospect than ever before. This historic success is highly recognized by cultural scholars worldwide. 25 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $