Unit 5 A delicate world 保护我们脆弱的星球（单元阅读精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“生态系统恢复”为主题，融合词汇积累、语法分析与多题型实战，构建“语言能力-思维品质-文化意识”三维训练体系。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题链接|1篇阅读+2句精析|“抓标志-判类型-试翻译”句法分析三步法|从词汇（biodiversity等）到句法（介词短语作状语等）再到语篇理解，层层递进| |实战演练|10篇语篇（含阅读/七选五/完形/语法填空）|细节定位、词义猜测、语篇衔接等解题策略|以“生态恢复案例”为载体，串联“问题-措施-意义”逻辑链，培养批判性思维|

Unit 5 A delicate world 保护我们脆弱的星球 单元阅读精练 In October 2025, the United Nations announced four new World Restoration Flagships under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, recognizing ambitious efforts to heal degraded ecosystems across 18 countries on four continents. These initiatives, already restoring more than 500,000 hectares, represent a growing global recognition that our planet's delicate ecosystems—damaged by deforestation, pollution, climate change, and invasive species—can be revived. One of these flagship projects is the Uljin forest restoration in the Republic of Korea. In 2022, a devastating wildfire burned through over 20,000 hectares in just ten days, leaving behind a landscape of ash and despair. Today, the restoration project is bringing the forest back to life. Native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay are being revived, and habitats for the long-tailed goral—a small goat-like mammal—are being restored. The entire fire-damaged area is expected to be fully restored by 2030. As Kim In-ho, Minister of the Korea Forest Service, put it, “We listened to the cries of the forest and its small inhabiting lives”. Similarly, a comprehensive restoration program across more than sixty of Mexico's islands has been recognized as a World Restoration Flagship. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive species that had long devastated these biodiversity hotspots, which are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and restoring seabird colonies, the program is breathing new life into vital ecosystems. “Tangible restoration actions and results are breathing new life into vital ecosystems, directly bolstering rich insular and marine biodiversity,” said Dr. Marina Robles García. Yet restoration is not always about planting trees or removing invasive species. Sometimes, it requires a counterintuitive approach: removing trees to restore what was lost. Vietnamese scientist Phuoc spent years convincing Canadian authorities to back the restoration of the Pinhey Sand Dunes near Ottawa. For decades, these prehistoric sand dunes had been viewed as barren land and planted with pine forests. But in reality, the open landscape of white sand, exposed to sunlight and wind, provides essential habitat for thousands of endemic plants, insects, and animals. The restoration project proceeded in stages—removing plantation trees, stripping surface soil, and restoring the natural sand landscape. Native wildflowers gradually returned, followed by butterflies, beetles, and several rare arthropod species once thought lost from Ontario. “Sand dunes are not 'dead land' but distinctive ecosystems rich in biodiversity,” Phuoc explained. These stories of restoration share a common thread: they demonstrate that ecosystems, however damaged, possess remarkable resilience. They remind us that our planet is not beyond saving—but saving it requires human commitment, scientific understanding, and global cooperation. As Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP, observed, “These flagships show what is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste”. The delicate world we inhabit is fragile, but it is also resilient. With determination and collective action, we can restore what has been lost and protect what remains. The boundaries between human activity and natural ecosystems need not be walls—they can be bridges to a more sustainable future. 【译文欣赏】 修复脆弱的世界——全球生态系统恢复的希望 2025年10月，联合国在“生态系统恢复十年”计划下宣布了四个新的“世界恢复旗舰项目”，表彰了在四大洲18个国家为修复退化生态系统所做的雄心勃勃的努力。这些项目已经恢复了超过50万公顷的土地，代表着全球日益认识到——我们脆弱的星球生态系统，尽管遭受了森林砍伐、污染、气候变化和物种入侵的破坏，是可以被修复的。 其中一个旗舰项目是韩国的蔚珍森林恢复项目。2022年，一场毁灭性的野火在短短十天内烧毁了超过2万公顷的土地，留下了一片灰烬和绝望的景象。如今，恢复项目正在让森林重获生机。濒危的本土植物物种如珍珠梅正在被恢复，长尾斑羚——一种小型山羊状哺乳动物——的栖息地也在重建中。整个火灾受损区域预计将在2030年前完全恢复。正如韩国山林厅厅长金仁浩所说：“我们倾听了森林及其微小生灵的哭泣”。 同样，墨西哥六十多个岛屿上的综合恢复项目也被认定为“世界恢复旗舰项目”。26年来，保护工作者一直致力于移除入侵物种，这些物种长期破坏着这些生物多样性热点地区——这里生活着全球三分之一的鸟类物种。通过移除入侵物种种群和恢复海鸟群落，该项目正在为重要的生态系统注入新的活力。“切实的修复行动和成果正在为重要生态系统注入新的生命，直接促进了丰富的岛屿和海洋生物多样性，”玛丽娜·罗夫莱斯·加西亚博士说。 然而，修复并不总是关于植树或移除入侵物种。有时，它需要一种反直觉的方法：移除树木来恢复失去的东西。越南科学家福花了数年时间说服加拿大当局支持渥太华附近皮尼沙丘的恢复项目。几十年来，这些史前沙丘被视为贫瘠之地，被种上了松树林。但实际上，裸露在阳光和风中的白色沙丘开阔景观，为成千上万的特有植物、昆虫和动物提供了必要的栖息地。恢复项目分阶段进行——移除人工林树木、剥离表层土壤、恢复自然沙地景观。本土野花逐渐回归，随后是蝴蝶、甲虫和几种曾被认为已在安大略省消失的稀有节肢动物物种。“沙丘不是‘死地’，而是生物多样性丰富的独特生态系统，”福解释道。 这些恢复故事有一个共同的主线：它们表明，生态系统无论受到多大的破坏，都拥有非凡的韧性。它们提醒我们，我们的星球并非无法拯救——但拯救它需要人类的承诺、科学的理解和全球合作。正如联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森所说：“这些旗舰项目展示了当人们团结起来扭转气候变化、生物多样性丧失、污染和废弃物影响时，什么是可以做到的”。 我们居住的这个脆弱世界是易碎的，但它也是具有韧性的。凭借决心和集体行动，我们可以恢复失去的东西，保护剩下的东西。人类活动与自然生态系统之间的边界不必是墙——它们可以成为通向更可持续未来的桥梁。 【词汇积累】 restoration [ˌrestəˈreɪʃn] n. 恢复，修复 degrade [dɪˈɡreɪd] v. 退化，降解 ecosystem [ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm] n. 生态系统 initiative [ɪˈnɪʃətɪv] n. 倡议，主动行动 devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] adj. 毁灭性的 wildfire [ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)] n. 野火 native [ˈneɪtɪv] adj. 本土的，本地的 endangered [ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd] adj. 濒危的 invasive [ɪnˈveɪsɪv] adj. 入侵的 biodiversity [ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti] n. 生物多样性 resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] n. 韧性，复原力 sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbl] adj. 可持续的 counterintuitive [ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv] adj. 反直觉的 endemic [enˈdemɪk] adj. 地方性的，特有的 barren [ˈbærən] adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的 conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] n. 保护 flora [ˈflɔːrə] n. 植物群 fauna [ˈfɔːnə] n. 动物群 tangible [ˈtændʒəbl] adj. 切实的，有形的 commit [kəˈmɪt] v. 承诺，投入 【知识拓展】 一、联合国“生态系统恢复十年”（UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration） 2021年3月，联合国正式启动“生态系统恢复十年”计划，由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）共同领导。该计划旨在预防、制止并逆转全球各大洲和各大洋生态系统的退化。其目标是到2030年恢复10亿公顷的土地——面积与中国相当。在这一框架下，“世界恢复旗舰项目”奖项表彰那些最具雄心和潜力的大规模恢复行动。 二、物种入侵与生态恢复 入侵物种是非本地生物，它们被引入新环境后会对当地生态系统造成危害。入侵物种是本土野生动物面临的主要威胁之一，约42%的濒危或受威胁物种面临入侵物种带来的风险。墨西哥岛屿恢复项目的成功经验表明，通过系统性地移除入侵物种并实施生物安全措施，可以有效恢复岛屿生态系统的完整性和生物多样性。 三、生态系统的韧性 生态恢复科学揭示了一个重要事实：生态系统并非被动地接受破坏，而是具有自我修复的能力。当导致退化的原因被移除——无论是入侵物种、污染还是不当的土地利用——许多生态系统能够逐渐恢复。然而，这种恢复需要时间、耐心和人类的积极干预。 【词汇延伸】 ecosystem restoration 生态系统恢复 degraded ecosystems 退化的生态系统 invasive species removal 入侵物种移除 native species 本土物种 biodiversity hotspots 生物多样性热点地区 habitat restoration 栖息地恢复 community-led 社区主导的 bring back to life 恢复生机，使复活 breath new life into 注入新活力 at risk 处于危险中 collective action 集体行动 reverse the impacts 扭转影响 【高考真题链接】 （2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇） In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting changes in species abundance and diversity over an area, a new study by Stanford University found that this kind of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology, it’s easy for people to make observations of different species with the help of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are these data usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records covering plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how representative these observations were of actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data — like the fact that a citizen scientist is more likely to take a picture of a flowering plant than a grass beside it,” Daru said. Their study found that the large number of records with only observational data did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, the data were biased, favoring certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists, recording their encounters with species in their nearby areas. The data were also biased toward species that have appealing or noticeable characteristics. What can be done with imperfect biodiversity datasets? Daru explained, “Quite a lot.” He explained that biodiversity apps could use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have experts confirm the identification of the species they have uploaded pictures of. 1. What is the purpose of collecting biodiversity records according to paragraph 1? A. To create digital records for future research. B. To document species before they disappear. C. To replace physical specimens with photos. D. To study the impact of technology on nature. 2. What concern does Barnabas Daru express about observational data? A. They are too difficult for ordinary people to collect. B. They are less reliable than data from physical specimens. C. They may not accurately reflect actual biodiversity patterns. D. They are not sufficient in number for meaningful analysis. 3. What does the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Limit. B. Enrich. C. Clarify. D. Distort. 4. What does Daru suggest about improving biodiversity data? A. Using more advanced mobile applications. B. Collecting more data from oversampled regions. C. Guiding users to undersampled areas and species. D. Replacing observational data with physical specimens. 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出，在记录地球生物多样性的过程中，研究人员和公民科学家收集了海量数据，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这些以照片和视频为主的观察数据存在系统性偏差——它们往往偏向某些地区、时间段和具有吸引力特征的物种，从而无法准确反映真实的全球生物多样性模式。文章揭示了保护地球生物多样性所面临的认知挑战，并提出了改进数据质量的具体方案。 【答案与解析】 1. B 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章第一段首句“In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.（在物种灭绝之前记录地球上的物种这一竞赛中，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。）”可知，收集生物多样性记录的目的是在物种灭绝之前将它们记录下来。选项B“To document species before they disappear.（在物种消失之前记录它们）”与此完全吻合。选项A（为未来研究创建数字记录）是手段而非目的；选项C（用照片取代物理标本）文中未提及；选项D（研究技术对自然的影响）偏离了文章主旨。 2. C 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章第二段最后一句“... since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are these data usable?（……因为我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何对全球变化做出反应，我想知道：这些数据可用吗？）”以及第三段“Daru and his team tested how representative these observations were of actual global biodiversity patterns.（Daru和他的团队测试了这些观察数据在多大程度上能代表实际的全球生物多样性模式。）”可知，Daru担忧的是观察数据可能无法准确反映真实的生物多样性模式。选项C“They may not accurately reflect actual biodiversity patterns.（它们可能无法准确反映实际的生物多样性模式）”正确。选项A（它们对普通人来说太难收集）与文中“公民科学家大量参与”的事实不符；选项B（它们比来自物理标本的数据更不可靠）——文中并未将观察数据与物理标本数据进行可靠性比较，而是指出观察数据本身存在偏差；选项D（它们在数量上不足以进行有意义的分析）与文中“数十亿条记录”“数量庞大”的事实相悖。 3. D 【解析】词句猜测题。 划线词所在句子为“the data were biased, favoring certain regions, time periods, and species.（数据是biased的，偏向某些地区、时间段和物种。）”结合上文“a citizen scientist is more likely to take a picture of a flowering plant than a grass beside it（公民科学家更有可能拍摄一棵开花的植物而不是旁边的草）”以及下文“data were also biased toward species that have appealing or noticeable characteristics（数据也偏向于具有吸引力或显著特征的物种）”，可知“biased”指的是数据因采样偏好而“失真”——未能客观反映真实情况。选项D“Distort（使失真，扭曲）”符合语境。选项A“Limit（限制）”与“偏向”含义不同；选项B“Enrich（丰富）”和选项C“Clarify（澄清）”与文意相反。 4. C 【解析】细节理解题。 根据文章最后一段“Daru explained, ‘Quite a lot.’ He explained that biodiversity apps could use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.（Daru解释说：‘很多。’他解释说，生物多样性应用程序可以利用我们的研究结果来告知用户哪些地区被过度采样，并引导他们去那些采样不足的地方，甚至是物种。）”可知，Daru建议引导用户前往采样不足的地区和物种。选项C“Guiding users to undersampled areas and species.（引导用户前往采样不足的地区和物种）”与此一致。选项A（使用更先进的移动应用程序）——文中提到的是利用现有应用程序的功能而非开发更先进的程序；选项B（从过度采样地区收集更多数据）与建议相反；选项D（用物理标本取代观察数据）文中未提及。 ( 命题特点 词句猜测题 是阅读理解中考查词汇量和语境理解能力的重要题型。它不仅考查考生对单词或短语基本含义的掌握，更重要的是考查考生根据上下文推断生词、短语或句子含义的能力。这类题目在高考中每年必考，通常出现1-2题，常见考查形式包括：（1）猜测生词或短语的含义；（2）猜测 熟词生 义；（3）猜测代词的指代对象；（4）猜测句子的隐含意义。 命题规律 常考 超纲 词汇处常考：文章中出现 的课标外 词汇或学术术语，是词句猜测题的重点考查对象。 语境线索丰富处常考：生词前后有明确的解释、定义、举例、对比或因果关系的句子，常成为命题点。 熟词生 义处常考：常见词汇在特定语境中具有特殊含义时，容易成为考查对象。 引语和观点处常考：专家引语中的关键词汇，常被用来考查语境理解能力。 词句猜测题 解题思维 定位划线词：迅速在文中找到划线词或短语的位置，阅读其所在句子及前后句。 寻找语境线索：在上下文中寻找有助于理解词义的线索，常见线索包括： 定义或解释：如 “... means...” 、 “... is defined as...” 、 “... refers to...” 举例说明：如 “for example” 、 “like” 、 “such as” 对比或转折：如 “but” 、 “however” 、 “although” 、 “while”—— 转折词前后的内容往往相反，可帮助推断词义 因果关系：如 “because” 、 “so” 、 “therefore” 、 “since”—— 因果逻辑有助于理解关键词的作用 同义或反义：寻找与划线词并列或对立的词汇 代入验证：将推断出的词义代入原文，看句子是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。 排除干扰：排除那些虽然符合常识但与上下文语境不符的选项。 词句猜测题 干扰项特征 表面含义干扰：选项给出的是该词最常见或 最 表面的含义，但在特定语境中并不适用（即 “ 熟词生义 ” 陷阱）。 脱离语境：选项含义虽然在词典中可查到，但不符合该词在文中的具体语境。 望文生义：选项利用词形或发音的相似性进行干扰，让考生错误联想。 反向干扰：选项含义与正确词义恰好相反。 ) ( 1 ． With the rise of technology, it ’ s easy for people to make observations of different species with the help of a mobile application. 抓标志： With 介词短语作状语； it 作形式主语；不定式短语 to make observations 作真正主语 判类型： 介词短语作状语＋主句（ it 形式主语结构） 试翻译： 随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易对不同物种进行观察。 2 ． We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data — like the fact that a citizen scientist is more likely to take a picture of a flowering plant than a grass beside it. 抓标志： 关系代词 that 引导定语从句（修饰 sampling ）；破折号表示举例说明；连接词 that 引导同位语从句（修饰 fact ） 判类型： 主句＋ that 引导的定语从句＋破折号引导的举例说明（内含 that 引导的同位语从句） 试翻译： 我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样的那些容易使数据产生偏差的方面—— 比如这样 一个事实：公民科学家更有可能拍摄一棵开花的植物而不是旁边的草。 ) ( 词汇 / 短语 词性 释义 biodiversity n. 生物多样性 extinct adj. 灭绝的 go extinct 短语 灭绝 citizen scientist n. 公民科学家（参与科学研究的普通民众） specimen n. 标本，样本 observational adj. 观察的，观测的 outnumber v. 在数量上超过 investigate v. 调查，研究 representative adj. 有代表性的，典型的 sampling n. 采样，抽样 bias v./n. 使有偏见；偏见，偏差 distort v. 扭曲，使失真 encounter n./v. 遭遇，邂逅 appealing adj. 吸引人的，迷人的 noticeable adj. 显著的，明显的 oversampled adj. 过度采样的 confirm v. 确认，证实 identification n. 识别，鉴定 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 342 联合国生态系统恢复旗舰项目 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 298 海洋浮游植物与气候变化的关系 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 316 越南科学家恢复加拿大沙丘生态的故事 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 305 入侵物种对生态系统的威胁与应对 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 288 生物多样性的重要性及保护措施 Passage 6 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 218 生态系统恢复的希望与挑战 Passage 7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 336 如何保护脆弱的生态系统 Passage 8 完形填空 说明文 284 全球生态恢复的典范案例 Passage 9 完形填空 记叙文 262 一个关于生态保护的个人故事 Passage 10 语法填空 说明文 248 生态系统的脆弱性与恢复力 Passage 1 World Restoration Flagships: Hope for a Fragile Planet （2025-2026学年广东深圳高一下期末） In October 2025, the United Nations announced four new World Restoration Flagships under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. These initiatives, spanning 18 countries across four continents, are already restoring more than 500,000 hectares of degraded land. One of these projects is the Uljin forest restoration in South Korea. In 2022, a catastrophic wildfire burned through over 20,000 hectares in just ten days. Today, the restoration project is reviving native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay and restoring habitats for the long-tailed goral, a rare mammal. The entire area is expected to be fully restored by 2030. Another flagship is Mexico's island restoration program. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive species from more than sixty islands that are home to one third of the world's seabird species. The program is restoring seabird colonies and protecting biodiversity. These projects demonstrate that even severely damaged ecosystems can be revived. As Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP, said, "These flagships show what is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste". 1. What is the main purpose of the UN World Restoration Flagships? A. To plant trees in every country. B. To recognize and promote ecosystem restoration efforts. C. To replace all invasive species. D. To stop all human activity in natural areas. 2. What happened in Uljin, South Korea, in 2022? A. A new species was discovered. B. A massive wildfire destroyed the forest. C. The forest was fully restored. D. Invasive species were removed. 3. How long have conservationists been working on Mexico's island restoration? A. 10 years. B. 16 years. C. 26 years. D. 36 years. 4. What is Inger Andersen's view on the restoration projects? A. They are too expensive to continue. B. They show what can be achieved through cooperation. C. They have failed to make any difference. D. They should focus only on forests. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段，世界恢复旗舰项目旨在表彰和促进生态系统恢复的努力。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，2022年一场灾难性的野火烧毁了超过2万公顷的土地。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段，保护工作者已经工作了26年。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，Andersen认为这些项目展示了当人们团结合作时可以取得什么成就。故选B。 Passage 2 How Climate Change Is Changing the Colour of Our Oceans （2024-2025学年湖北武汉高一下期中） By the end of the century, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener, thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. At the heart of this phenomenon are tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. These organisms create colourful patterns at the ocean surface because of the way light reflects off them. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean—an important process that helps regulate the global climate. However, phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients to grow. Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist at MIT, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. The model found that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer, while in some waters—such as those of the Arctic—warming will make conditions better for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing," she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing". This matters because phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear, it will change the type of fish that can survive. The colour changes will probably be too gradual to notice, but they could mean significant changes. As Dutkiewicz said, "The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet". 1. What causes the colour patterns on the ocean surface? A. Different types of fish. B. Phytoplankton and how light reflects off them. C. Pollution from factories. D. The depth of the ocean. 2. Why are phytoplankton important for the global climate? A. They produce oxygen and bury carbon in the deep ocean. B. They provide food for all marine animals. C. They make the ocean look beautiful. D. They absorb all the sunlight. 3. What does the word "vulnerable" in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. Sensitive and easily harmed. B. Strong and resistant. C. Beneficial and helpful. D. Unnoticeable and invisible. 4. What is the main message of the passage? A. Ocean colour changes are purely natural and not a concern. B. Changes in phytoplankton could be an early warning of climate change. C. Scientists are unsure why the ocean is changing colour. D. Climate change only affects the Arctic Ocean. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段，浮游植物和光在它们身上的反射方式创造了海洋表面的颜色图案。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，浮游植物将二氧化碳带入海洋并释放氧气，死后将碳埋藏在深海中，帮助调节全球气候。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据上下文，浮游植物容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，因为变暖会改变海洋的关键特征并影响浮游植物的生长，说明它们很“敏感”。vulnerable意为“脆弱的，易受伤害的”。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，海洋颜色的变化将是地球已被改变的早期预警信号之一。故选B。 Passage 3 A Vietnamese Scientist's Unusual Approach to Restoration （2024-2025学年山东青岛高一下期末） Once dismissed as barren and of little value, the Pinhey Sand Dunes near Ottawa have become a habitat for rare plant and animal species, as well as a renowned site for research and education. This transformation was made possible by a Vietnamese scientist, Phuoc, who took an approach that initially seemed at odds with conservation: cutting down thousands of 25-30-metre-tall pine trees. For many years, the prehistoric sand dunes around Canada's capital had been severely reduced by urbanization and inappropriate afforestation. They were viewed as barren land and planted with pine forests. However, in reality, the open landscape of white sand, exposed to sunlight and wind, provides essential habitat for thousands of endemic plants, insects, and animals. Restoring the dunes, Phuoc stressed, means restoring the original ecosystem rather than destroying nature. Supported by scientific evidence and years of persistence, Phuoc convinced Canadian authorities to back the restoration project. The work proceeded in stages, from removing plantation trees and stripping surface soil to restoring the natural sand landscape. Native wildflowers gradually returned, followed by butterflies, beetles, and several rare arthropod species once thought lost from Ontario. According to Phuoc, the project proves that sand dunes are not "dead land" but distinctive ecosystems rich in biodiversity. Every dune system has unique ecological characteristics. He is now applying his experience in Vietnam, focusing on coastal sand dunes that serve as natural barriers against rising sea levels and habitats for numerous species. Phuoc's work reflects both a scientist's responsibility to the communities he serves and the enduring commitment of a Vietnamese expatriate to his homeland. 1. What was the initial public perception of the Pinhey Sand Dunes? A. They were valuable ecosystems. B. They were barren and worthless. C. They were ideal for farming. D. They were already fully restored. 2. Why did Phuoc propose cutting down the pine trees? A. To sell the wood for profit. B. To restore the original sand dune ecosystem. C. To make space for new buildings. D. To prevent wildfires. 3. What happened after the pine trees were removed? A. The area became a desert. B. Native species gradually returned. C. The soil became infertile. D. Invasive species took over. 4. What is Phuoc currently doing in Vietnam? A. Planting more pine forests. B. Focusing on coastal sand dune conservation. C. Building new cities on dunes. D. Studying marine life. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段，沙丘曾被认定为贫瘠、没有价值。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，砍伐松树是为了恢复原始生态系统而非破坏自然。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段，移除树木后本土野花逐渐回归，随后是蝴蝶、甲虫和稀有物种。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段，Phuoc正在越南专注于沿海沙丘保护。故选B。 Passage 4 The Threat of Invasive Species （2024-2025学年湖南长沙高一下月考） An invasive species is any kind of living thing that isn't native to an ecosystem and causes harm. Invasive species are among the leading threats to native wildlife. About 42% of threatened or endangered species are at risk due to invasive species. When a non-native species is introduced to a new environment, it may find no natural predators to control its population. It can reproduce rapidly, outcompete native species for food and habitat, and disrupt the entire food web. This can lead to the decline or even extinction of native species. The Mexican islands restoration program provides a successful example of dealing with invasive species. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive populations from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive species and implementing biosecurity protocols, the program has restored seabird colonies and protected biodiversity. The damage caused by invasive species is not limited to remote islands. Cities around the world face challenges from invasive plants, animals, and insects. In many cases, these species were introduced accidentally through global trade and travel. In other cases, they were deliberately introduced for agriculture, gardening, or pest control—often with unintended consequences. Preventing the introduction of invasive species is far more effective than trying to remove them after they have become established. This requires international cooperation, strict biosecurity measures, and public awareness. As the Mexican islands example shows, however, even after significant damage has been done, restoration is possible with sustained effort and commitment. 1. What percentage of threatened species are at risk due to invasive species? A. About 10%. B. About 26%. C. About 42%. D. About 60%. 2. Why do invasive species often become a problem in new environments? A. They have no natural predators to control their population. B. They are always larger than native species. C. They cannot reproduce in new environments. D. They only eat plants that native species don't eat. 3. What was the result of the Mexican islands restoration program? A. Invasive species increased. B. Seabird colonies were restored. C. All native species died out. D. The islands became uninhabitable. 4. What is the author's main advice about invasive species? A. They should be ignored. B. Prevention is better than removal. C. They can never be controlled. D. Only islands are affected by them. 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段，约42%的濒危或受威胁物种面临入侵物种带来的风险。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，入侵物种在新环境中没有天敌来控制其种群。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段，该项目恢复了海鸟群落并保护了生物多样性。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，预防入侵物种的引入远比它们扎根后再移除更有效。故选B。 Passage 5 Biodiversity: The Variety of Life on Earth （2024-2025学年福建厦门高一下期中） Biodiversity—the variety of life on Earth—is vital to the health of the planet. It encompasses the diversity of species, the genetic variation within species, and the variety of ecosystems in which they live. A rich biodiversity ensures that ecosystems function properly, providing essential services such as clean air, fresh water, food, and medicine. However, biodiversity is declining faster than ever before. Human activities like deforestation, overfishing, and pollution have caused what scientists call a "sixth mass extinction," with up to one million species at risk of disappearing. The most significant causes of extinctions are habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, and overharvesting. The loss of biodiversity is not just a tragedy for nature—it is a threat to human survival. Imagine a forest where only one type of tree grows. If a disease kills that tree, the entire forest dies. This is the danger of losing biodiversity: when ecosystems become simplified, they become fragile and less able to withstand shocks. Conservation efforts around the world are working to protect biodiversity. These include establishing protected areas, restoring degraded habitats, and reintroducing endangered species. International cooperation is also crucial. The Kunming Biodiversity Fund, launched by China, is accelerating action to help developing countries scale up their biodiversity strategies. Protecting biodiversity requires action at every level—from global agreements to individual choices. As one scientist put it, "We are not just saving nature; we are saving ourselves." 1. What does biodiversity include? A. Only the number of species on Earth. B. Species diversity, genetic variation, and ecosystem variety. C. Only animals, not plants. D. Only forests and oceans. 2. What is the "sixth mass extinction"? A. A natural event that happens every 100 years. B. The current rapid loss of species caused by human activity. C. An event that only affects insects. D. A theory that has been proven false. 3. What is the danger of losing biodiversity according to the passage? A. Ecosystems become more resilient. B. Ecosystems become fragile and less able to withstand shocks. C. New species will replace the lost ones. D. There will be more food for humans. 4. What does the Kunming Biodiversity Fund aim to do? A. Stop all development in developing countries. B. Help developing countries protect biodiversity. C. Replace all natural forests with plantations. D. Focus only on protecting one species. 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 【解析】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段，生物多样性包括物种多样性、遗传变异和生态系统多样性。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段，人类活动如森林砍伐、过度捕捞和污染导致了所谓的“第六次大灭绝”。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段，当生态系统变得简化时，它们变得脆弱，更难以承受冲击。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段，昆明生物多样性基金旨在帮助发展中国家加强生物多样性战略。故选B。 Passage 6 Hope for a Fragile Planet （2024-2025学年广东广州高一下期末） Our planet is fragile. Ecosystems that took millions of years to develop can be destroyed in decades—or even days. [1]________The news is often bleak, with reports of species extinction, deforestation, and climate change dominating the headlines. Yet there is also hope. Around the world, people are working to restore what has been lost. [2]________The United Nations has recognized some of these efforts as World Restoration Flagships, showcasing what can be achieved when people come together. In South Korea, a forest destroyed by wildfire is being revived. In Mexico, invasive species are being removed from islands that are home to one third of the world's seabirds. [3]__________ Some restoration projects require unusual approaches. [4]________Removing trees that were planted decades ago may seem like destruction, but it can be the first step toward restoring the original ecosystem. The common thread in all these stories is human commitment. [5]________It means listening to the "cries of the forest" and responding with action. It means working across borders and generations to protect what remains and restore what has been lost. The delicate world we inhabit is both fragile and resilient. With determination and collective action, we can heal the wounds we have inflicted on our planet. The future of our ecosystems—and our own survival—depends on the choices we make today. A. In Canada, a scientist is restoring ancient sand dunes by removing pine trees. B. Restoration is not always about planting trees. C. Human activity has left deep scars on the natural world. D. These projects prove that even severely damaged ecosystems can recover. E. Restoration requires patience, persistence, and cooperation. F. Climate change is the only threat to biodiversity. G. The damage is irreversible and we should give up hope. 【答案】1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.E 【解析】1. 前文提到生态系统可以被迅速摧毁，C项“人类活动在自然界留下了深深的伤痕”承接前文，引出后文关于负面消息的讨论。故选C。 2. 前文提到世界各地的人们正在努力恢复失去的东西，D项“这些项目证明即使严重受损的生态系统也能恢复”承接前文，引出后文关于联合国认可恢复项目的讨论。故选D。 3. 前文列举了韩国和墨西哥的恢复项目，B项“恢复并不总是关于植树”作为段落过渡，引出下文关于反直觉恢复方法的讨论。故选B。 4. 前文提到一些恢复项目需要不同寻常的方法，A项“在加拿大，一位科学家通过移除松树来恢复古代沙丘”具体举例说明这种不寻常的方法。故选A。 5. 前文提到所有恢复故事共同的主线是人类的承诺，E项“恢复需要耐心、坚持和合作”进一步解释承诺的内涵。故选E。 Passage 7 How to Protect Our Fragile Ecosystems （2024-2025学年湖北武汉高一下期末） Ecosystems are the complex webs of life that sustain our planet. [1]________They provide us with clean air, fresh water, food, and countless other benefits. Yet these delicate systems are under unprecedented threat. One of the most effective ways to protect ecosystems is to establish protected areas. [2]________These areas serve as refuges for species and allow ecosystems to function naturally. China has made significant progress in this area, with new national nature reserves being established regularly. Another crucial strategy is restoration. [3]________This can involve removing invasive species, replanting native vegetation, or restoring natural water flows. The key is to address the root causes of degradation rather than just treating the symptoms. Prevention is also essential. [4]________Strict biosecurity measures can prevent invasive species from being introduced in the first place. Reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions can prevent further damage to ecosystems. Finally, education and awareness are vital. [5]________When people understand the value of ecosystems and the threats they face, they are more likely to support conservation efforts. As the UN's ecosystem restoration initiative shows, protecting our fragile world requires action at every level—from international cooperation to individual choices. The challenges are great, but the rewards are greater. Every ecosystem restored is a victory for life on Earth. A. This involves actively helping damaged ecosystems recover. B. National parks and nature reserves protect biodiversity. C. They are the foundation of all life on Earth. D. It is better to prevent damage than to repair it. E. People protect what they understand and value. F. Ecosystems are too complex to understand. G. Restoration is always expensive and difficult. 【答案】1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.E 【解析】1. 前文提到生态系统是维持地球生命的复杂网络，C项“它们是一切生命的基础”承接前文，解释生态系统的重要性。故选C。 2. 前文提到建立保护区是保护生态系统的有效方法，B项“国家公园和自然保护区保护生物多样性”具体说明保护区的作用。故选B。 3. 前文提到恢复是另一个关键策略，A项“这涉及积极帮助受损生态系统恢复”解释了恢复的含义。故选A。 4. 前文提到预防也很重要，D项“预防损害比修复更好”进一步说明预防的价值。故选D。 5. 前文提到教育和意识至关重要，E项“人们保护他们理解和珍视的东西”解释了为什么教育和意识很重要。故选E。 Passage 8 （2024-2025学年山东济南高一下期末） In 2022, a devastating wildfire burned through the Uljin forest in South Korea, destroying over 20,000 hectares in just ten days. The [1]________was one of the country's worst ecological disasters. But from the ashes, a remarkable [2]________story has emerged. The Uljin forest restoration project is now recognized as a UN World Restoration Flagship. The project is [3]________native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay and restoring [4]________for the long-tailed goral, a rare mammal. The entire fire-damaged area is expected to be fully [5]________by 2030. Similarly, Mexico has been working for 26 years to [6]________invasive species from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and [7]________seabird colonies, the program is protecting biodiversity. Not all restoration involves planting trees. In Canada, a Vietnamese scientist named Phuoc has been [8]________a different approach: cutting down pine trees to restore ancient sand dunes. For decades, the dunes had been [9]________as barren land and planted with pine forests. But the open sand landscape is actually a [10]________habitat for thousands of species. After the pine trees were removed, native wildflowers [11]________, followed by butterflies and rare insects. These restoration stories share a common [12]________: they demonstrate that ecosystems can recover with human commitment and scientific understanding. As Inger Andersen of UNEP said, these projects show "what is [13]________when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste". The message is clear: our planet is not beyond [14]________. With determination and [15]________action, we can restore what has been lost. 1. A. fire B. flood C. earthquake D. storm 2. A. sad B. funny C. restoration D. mysterious 3. A. destroying B. removing C. reviving D. ignoring 4. A. habitats B. buildings C. farms D. roads 5. A. abandoned B. restored C. damaged D. destroyed 6. A. introduce B. protect C. remove D. study 7. A. destroying B. restoring C. hunting D. feeding 8. A. following B. avoiding C. rejecting D. delaying 9. A. valued B. viewed C. ignored D. celebrated 10. A. poor B. artificial C. essential D. temporary 11. A. disappeared B. returned C. died D. escaped 12. A. problem B. mistake C. thread D. opinion 13. A. impossible B. difficult C. doable D. dangerous 14. A. saving B. harming C. destroying D. understanding 15. A. individual B. collective C. limited D. random 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B 【解析】1. 考查名词。根据上文“a devastating wildfire burned”可知，这场“火灾”是韩国最严重的生态灾难之一。fire意为“火灾”。故选A。 2. 考查名词。从灰烬中浮现的是一个非凡的“恢复”故事。restoration意为“恢复”。故选C。 3. 考查动词。项目正在“恢复”濒危的本土植物物种。reviving意为“恢复，复兴”。故选C。 4. 考查名词。项目正在恢复长尾斑羚的“栖息地”。habitats意为“栖息地”。故选A。 5. 考查动词。整个火灾受损区域预计将在2030年前完全“恢复”。restored意为“恢复”。故选B。 6. 考查动词。墨西哥一直在努力从岛屿上“移除”入侵物种。remove意为“移除”。故选C。 7. 考查动词。通过移除入侵物种和“恢复”海鸟群落来保护生物多样性。restoring意为“恢复”。故选B。 8. 考查动词。Phuoc一直在“遵循”一种不同的方法。following意为“遵循”。故选A。 9. 考查动词。沙丘一直被“视为”贫瘠之地。viewed意为“被视为”。故选B。 10. 考查形容词。开阔的沙地景观实际上是数千种物种的“必要的”栖息地。essential意为“必要的，至关重要的”。故选C。 11. 考查动词。松树被移除后，本土野花“回归”了。returned意为“回归，返回”。故选B。 12. 考查名词。这些恢复故事有一个共同的“主线”。thread意为“主线，线索”。故选C。 13. 考查形容词。这些项目展示了当人们团结起来时什么是“可以做到的”。doable意为“可行的，可以做到的”。故选C。 14. 考查名词。我们的星球并非无法“拯救”。saving意为“拯救”。故选A。 15. 考查形容词。凭借决心和“集体的”行动，我们可以恢复失去的东西。collective意为“集体的，共同的”。故选B。 Passage 9 （2024-2025学年湖南长沙高一下期中） Growing up near a national park, I developed a deep [1]________for nature. The forests, rivers, and wildlife were part of my [2]________. I never imagined that I would one day become part of a project to [3]________a damaged ecosystem. When I was 15, a [4]________fire swept through the park, destroying thousands of hectares of forest. The landscape I had loved since childhood was reduced to ash and [5]________. I felt a profound sense of loss. A few years later, I learned about a restoration project in the [6]________area. Scientists and volunteers were working to [7]________native species and restore habitats. I decided to [8]________. My first task was to plant tree seedlings. It was [9]________work—digging holes, placing the seedlings, and watering them. But with each tree I planted, I felt a small sense of [10]________. I was helping to bring the forest back to life. Over the following years, I watched the forest [11]________. The first wildflowers appeared, then birds returned, and finally, larger animals began to come back. It was [12]________to witness the resilience of nature. The experience [13]________my understanding of ecosystems. I learned that damage can be [14]________—but so can recovery. With patience and commitment, even the most [15]________landscapes can be restored. Today, I work as a conservation biologist, continuing the work I started as a teenager. 1. A. fear B. love C. dislike D. ignorance 2. A. problem B. imagination C. childhood D. future 3. A. destroy B. create C. restore D. ignore 4. A. small B. controlled C. devastating D. accidental 5. A. beauty B. life C. hope D. ruin 6. A. unaffected B. damaged C. protected D. abandoned 7. A. remove B. introduce C. revive D. hunt 8. A. leave B. join C. refuse D. wait 9. A. easy B. enjoyable C. hard D. dangerous 10. A. loss B. guilt C. fear D. hope 11. A. recover B. disappear C. change D. remain 12. A. disappointing B. amazing C. frightening D. boring 13. A. limited B. confused C. deepened D. ignored 14. A. prevented B. caused C. healed D. avoided 15. A. beautiful B. damaged C. ordinary D. famous 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.B 【解析】1. 考查名词。作者在国家公园附近长大，对自然产生了深厚的“爱”。love意为“爱”。故选B。 2. 考查名词。森林、河流和野生动物是作者“童年”的一部分。childhood意为“童年”。故选C。 3. 考查动词。作者参与了一个“恢复”受损生态系统的项目。restore意为“恢复”。故选C。 4. 考查形容词。一场“毁灭性的”火灾席卷了公园。devastating意为“毁灭性的”。故选C。 5. 考查名词。作者童年喜爱的景观化为灰烬和“废墟”。ruin意为“废墟，毁灭”。故选D。 6. 考查形容词。作者了解到“受损”区域的恢复项目。damaged意为“受损的”。故选B。 7. 考查动词。科学家和志愿者正在努力“恢复”本土物种。revive意为“恢复，复兴”。故选C。 8. 考查动词。作者决定“加入”。join意为“加入”。故选B。 9. 考查形容词。种植树苗是“辛苦的”工作。hard意为“辛苦的”。故选C。 10. 考查名词。每种植一棵树，作者都感到一丝“希望”。hope意为“希望”。故选D。 11. 考查动词。作者目睹森林“恢复”。recover意为“恢复”。故选A。 12. 考查形容词。目睹自然的韧性是“令人惊叹的”。amazing意为“令人惊叹的”。故选B。 13. 考查动词。这次经历“加深了”作者对生态系统的理解。deepened意为“加深”。故选C。 14. 考查动词。作者了解到损害可以被“造成”——但恢复也可以。caused意为“造成”。故选C。 15. 考查形容词。即使是最“受损的”景观也可以被修复。damaged意为“受损的”。故选B。 Passage 10 （2024-2025学年广东深圳高一下期末） Ecosystems are the complex networks of living organisms and their physical environments. They are [1]______ (essential) important for maintaining life on Earth, providing clean air, fresh water, food, and countless other benefits. However, these delicate systems are under threat from human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. The United Nations has declared 2021-2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, [2]______ (aim) to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean. Under this initiative, the World Restoration Flagship awards recognize the most ambitious and promising large-scale restoration efforts. One such flagship is the Uljin forest restoration in South Korea. In 2022, a catastrophic wildfire [3]______ (destroy) over 20,000 hectares of forest. Today, the restoration project is reviving native plant species and restoring habitats for endangered animals. The entire area [4]______ (expect) to be fully restored by 2030. Another flagship is Mexico's island restoration program. For 26 years, conservationists [5]______ (work) to remove invasive species from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and restoring seabird colonies, the program [6]______ (protect) biodiversity. In Canada, a Vietnamese scientist named Phuoc has taken a different approach. He convinced authorities to remove thousands of pine trees [7]______ (restore) ancient sand dunes. The dunes had long been viewed as barren land, but in reality, they provide [8]______ (essence) habitat for thousands of species. After the trees were removed, native wildflowers and rare insects gradually returned. These restoration projects demonstrate that ecosystems are not beyond saving. They show [9]______ is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss. However, restoration requires patience, scientific understanding, and global cooperation. The message is clear: our planet is fragile, [10]______ it is also resilient. With determination and collective action, we can restore what has been lost and protect what remains. The future of our ecosystems—and our own survival—depends on the choices we make today. 【答案】1. essentially 2. aiming 3. destroyed 4. is expected 5. have been working 6. is protecting 7. to restore 8. essential 9. what 10. but 【解析】1. 考查副词。修饰形容词important，用副词essentially（本质上）。故填essentially。 2. 考查非谓语动词。the UN与aim之间为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填aiming。 3. 考查动词时态。描述过去发生的事件，用一般过去时。故填destroyed。 4. 考查动词时态和语态。the area与expect之间为被动关系，描述目前情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。 5. 考查动词时态。表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成进行时。故填have been working。 6. 考查动词时态。描述目前正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故填is protecting。 7. 考查非谓语动词。移除松树的目的是“为了恢复”沙丘，用不定式作目的状语。故填to restore。 8. 考查形容词。修饰名词habitat，用形容词essential（必要的，至关重要的）。故填essential。 9. 考查名词性从句。在show后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用what引导。故填what。 10. 考查连词。前后句为转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A delicate world 保护我们脆弱的星球 单元阅读精练 In October 2025, the United Nations announced four new World Restoration Flagships under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, recognizing ambitious efforts to heal degraded ecosystems across 18 countries on four continents. These initiatives, already restoring more than 500,000 hectares, represent a growing global recognition that our planet's delicate ecosystems—damaged by deforestation, pollution, climate change, and invasive species—can be revived. One of these flagship projects is the Uljin forest restoration in the Republic of Korea. In 2022, a devastating wildfire burned through over 20,000 hectares in just ten days, leaving behind a landscape of ash and despair. Today, the restoration project is bringing the forest back to life. Native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay are being revived, and habitats for the long-tailed goral—a small goat-like mammal—are being restored. The entire fire-damaged area is expected to be fully restored by 2030. As Kim In-ho, Minister of the Korea Forest Service, put it, “We listened to the cries of the forest and its small inhabiting lives”. Similarly, a comprehensive restoration program across more than sixty of Mexico's islands has been recognized as a World Restoration Flagship. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive species that had long devastated these biodiversity hotspots, which are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and restoring seabird colonies, the program is breathing new life into vital ecosystems. “Tangible restoration actions and results are breathing new life into vital ecosystems, directly bolstering rich insular and marine biodiversity,” said Dr. Marina Robles García. Yet restoration is not always about planting trees or removing invasive species. Sometimes, it requires a counterintuitive approach: removing trees to restore what was lost. Vietnamese scientist Phuoc spent years convincing Canadian authorities to back the restoration of the Pinhey Sand Dunes near Ottawa. For decades, these prehistoric sand dunes had been viewed as barren land and planted with pine forests. But in reality, the open landscape of white sand, exposed to sunlight and wind, provides essential habitat for thousands of endemic plants, insects, and animals. The restoration project proceeded in stages—removing plantation trees, stripping surface soil, and restoring the natural sand landscape. Native wildflowers gradually returned, followed by butterflies, beetles, and several rare arthropod species once thought lost from Ontario. “Sand dunes are not 'dead land' but distinctive ecosystems rich in biodiversity,” Phuoc explained. These stories of restoration share a common thread: they demonstrate that ecosystems, however damaged, possess remarkable resilience. They remind us that our planet is not beyond saving—but saving it requires human commitment, scientific understanding, and global cooperation. As Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP, observed, “These flagships show what is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste”. The delicate world we inhabit is fragile, but it is also resilient. With determination and collective action, we can restore what has been lost and protect what remains. The boundaries between human activity and natural ecosystems need not be walls—they can be bridges to a more sustainable future. 修复脆弱的世界——全球生态系统恢复的希望 2025年10月，联合国在“生态系统恢复十年”计划下宣布了四个新的“世界恢复旗舰项目”，表彰了在四大洲18个国家为修复退化生态系统所做的雄心勃勃的努力。这些项目已经恢复了超过50万公顷的土地，代表着全球日益认识到——我们脆弱的星球生态系统，尽管遭受了森林砍伐、污染、气候变化和物种入侵的破坏，是可以被修复的。 其中一个旗舰项目是韩国的蔚珍森林恢复项目。2022年，一场毁灭性的野火在短短十天内烧毁了超过2万公顷的土地，留下了一片灰烬和绝望的景象。如今，恢复项目正在让森林重获生机。濒危的本土植物物种如珍珠梅正在被恢复，长尾斑羚——一种小型山羊状哺乳动物——的栖息地也在重建中。整个火灾受损区域预计将在2030年前完全恢复。正如韩国山林厅厅长金仁浩所说：“我们倾听了森林及其微小生灵的哭泣”。 同样，墨西哥六十多个岛屿上的综合恢复项目也被认定为“世界恢复旗舰项目”。26年来，保护工作者一直致力于移除入侵物种，这些物种长期破坏着这些生物多样性热点地区——这里生活着全球三分之一的鸟类物种。通过移除入侵物种种群和恢复海鸟群落，该项目正在为重要的生态系统注入新的活力。“切实的修复行动和成果正在为重要生态系统注入新的生命，直接促进了丰富的岛屿和海洋生物多样性，”玛丽娜·罗夫莱斯·加西亚博士说。 然而，修复并不总是关于植树或移除入侵物种。有时，它需要一种反直觉的方法：移除树木来恢复失去的东西。越南科学家福花了数年时间说服加拿大当局支持渥太华附近皮尼沙丘的恢复项目。几十年来，这些史前沙丘被视为贫瘠之地，被种上了松树林。但实际上，裸露在阳光和风中的白色沙丘开阔景观，为成千上万的特有植物、昆虫和动物提供了必要的栖息地。恢复项目分阶段进行——移除人工林树木、剥离表层土壤、恢复自然沙地景观。本土野花逐渐回归，随后是蝴蝶、甲虫和几种曾被认为已在安大略省消失的稀有节肢动物物种。“沙丘不是‘死地’，而是生物多样性丰富的独特生态系统，”福解释道。 这些恢复故事有一个共同的主线：它们表明，生态系统无论受到多大的破坏，都拥有非凡的韧性。它们提醒我们，我们的星球并非无法拯救——但拯救它需要人类的承诺、科学的理解和全球合作。正如联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森所说：“这些旗舰项目展示了当人们团结起来扭转气候变化、生物多样性丧失、污染和废弃物影响时，什么是可以做到的”。 我们居住的这个脆弱世界是易碎的，但它也是具有韧性的。凭借决心和集体行动，我们可以恢复失去的东西，保护剩下的东西。人类活动与自然生态系统之间的边界不必是墙——它们可以成为通向更可持续未来的桥梁。 restoration [ˌrestəˈreɪʃn] n. 恢复，修复 degrade [dɪˈɡreɪd] v. 退化，降解 ecosystem [ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm] n. 生态系统 initiative [ɪˈnɪʃətɪv] n. 倡议，主动行动 devastating [ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ] adj. 毁灭性的 wildfire [ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)] n. 野火 native [ˈneɪtɪv] adj. 本土的，本地的 endangered [ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd] adj. 濒危的 invasive [ɪnˈveɪsɪv] adj. 入侵的 biodiversity [ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti] n. 生物多样性 resilience [rɪˈzɪliəns] n. 韧性，复原力 sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbl] adj. 可持续的 counterintuitive [ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv] adj. 反直觉的 endemic [enˈdemɪk] adj. 地方性的，特有的 barren [ˈbærən] adj. 贫瘠的，不毛的 conservation [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] n. 保护 flora [ˈflɔːrə] n. 植物群 fauna [ˈfɔːnə] n. 动物群 tangible [ˈtændʒəbl] adj. 切实的，有形的 commit [kəˈmɪt] v. 承诺，投入 一、联合国“生态系统恢复十年”（UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration） 2021年3月，联合国正式启动“生态系统恢复十年”计划，由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）和联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）共同领导。该计划旨在预防、制止并逆转全球各大洲和各大洋生态系统的退化。其目标是到2030年恢复10亿公顷的土地——面积与中国相当。在这一框架下，“世界恢复旗舰项目”奖项表彰那些最具雄心和潜力的大规模恢复行动。 二、物种入侵与生态恢复 入侵物种是非本地生物，它们被引入新环境后会对当地生态系统造成危害。入侵物种是本土野生动物面临的主要威胁之一，约42%的濒危或受威胁物种面临入侵物种带来的风险。墨西哥岛屿恢复项目的成功经验表明，通过系统性地移除入侵物种并实施生物安全措施，可以有效恢复岛屿生态系统的完整性和生物多样性。 三、生态系统的韧性 生态恢复科学揭示了一个重要事实：生态系统并非被动地接受破坏，而是具有自我修复的能力。当导致退化的原因被移除——无论是入侵物种、污染还是不当的土地利用——许多生态系统能够逐渐恢复。然而，这种恢复需要时间、耐心和人类的积极干预。 ecosystem restoration 生态系统恢复 degraded ecosystems 退化的生态系统 invasive species removal 入侵物种移除 native species 本土物种 biodiversity hotspots 生物多样性热点地区 habitat restoration 栖息地恢复 community-led 社区主导的 bring back to life 恢复生机，使复活 breath new life into 注入新活力 at risk 处于危险中 collective action 集体行动 reverse the impacts 扭转影响 【高考真题链接】 （2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇） In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting changes in species abundance and diversity over an area, a new study by Stanford University found that this kind of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology, it’s easy for people to make observations of different species with the help of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are these data usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records covering plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how representative these observations were of actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data — like the fact that a citizen scientist is more likely to take a picture of a flowering plant than a grass beside it,” Daru said. Their study found that the large number of records with only observational data did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, the data were biased, favoring certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists, recording their encounters with species in their nearby areas. The data were also biased toward species that have appealing or noticeable characteristics. What can be done with imperfect biodiversity datasets? Daru explained, “Quite a lot.” He explained that biodiversity apps could use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have experts confirm the identification of the species they have uploaded pictures of. 1. What is the purpose of collecting biodiversity records according to paragraph 1? A. To create digital records for future research. B. To document species before they disappear. C. To replace physical specimens with photos. D. To study the impact of technology on nature. 2. What concern does Barnabas Daru express about observational data? A. They are too difficult for ordinary people to collect. B. They are less reliable than data from physical specimens. C. They may not accurately reflect actual biodiversity patterns. D. They are not sufficient in number for meaningful analysis. 3. What does the underlined word “bias” in paragraph 4 most probably mean? A. Limit. B. Enrich. C. Clarify. D. Distort. 4. What does Daru suggest about improving biodiversity data? A. Using more advanced mobile applications. B. Collecting more data from oversampled regions. C. Guiding users to undersampled areas and species. D. Replacing observational data with physical specimens. ( 1 ． With the rise of technology, it ’ s easy for people to make observations of different species with the help of a mobile application. 抓标志： With 介词短语作状语； it 作形式主语；不定式短语 to make observations 作真正主语 判类型： 介词短语作状语＋主句（ it 形式主语结构） 试翻译： 随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易对不同物种进行观察。 2 ． We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias data — like the fact that a citizen scientist is more likely to take a picture of a flowering plant than a grass beside it. 抓标志： 关系代词 that 引导定语从句（修饰 sampling ）；破折号表示举例说明；连接词 that 引导同位语从句（修饰 fact ） 判类型： 主句＋ that 引导的定语从句＋破折号引导的举例说明（内含 that 引导的同位语从句） 试翻译： 我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样的那些容易使数据产生偏差的方面——比如这样一个事实：公民科学家更有可能拍摄一棵开花的植物而不是旁边的草。 ) ( 词汇 / 短语 词性 释义 biodiversity n. 生物多样性 extinct adj. 灭绝的 go extinct 短语 灭绝 citizen scientist n. 公民科学家（参与科学研究的普通民众） specimen n. 标本，样本 observational adj. 观察的，观测的 outnumber v. 在数量上超过 investigate v. 调查，研究 representative adj. 有代表性的，典型的 sampling n. 采样，抽样 bias v./n. 使有偏见；偏见，偏差 distort v. 扭曲，使失真 encounter n./v. 遭遇，邂逅 appealing adj. 吸引人的，迷人的 noticeable adj. 显著的，明显的 oversampled adj. 过度采样的 confirm v. 确认，证实 identification n. 识别，鉴定 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 342 联合国生态系统恢复旗舰项目 Passage 2 阅读理解 说明文 298 海洋浮游植物与气候变化的关系 Passage 3 阅读理解 记叙文 316 越南科学家恢复加拿大沙丘生态的故事 Passage 4 阅读理解 说明文 305 入侵物种对生态系统的威胁与应对 Passage 5 阅读理解 说明文 288 生物多样性的重要性及保护措施 Passage 6 阅读理解七选五 夹叙夹议 218 生态系统恢复的希望与挑战 Passage 7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 336 如何保护脆弱的生态系统 Passage 8 完形填空 说明文 284 全球生态恢复的典范案例 Passage 9 完形填空 记叙文 262 一个关于生态保护的个人故事 Passage 10 语法填空 说明文 248 生态系统的脆弱性与恢复力 Passage 1 World Restoration Flagships: Hope for a Fragile Planet （2025-2026学年广东深圳高一下期末） In October 2025, the United Nations announced four new World Restoration Flagships under the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. These initiatives, spanning 18 countries across four continents, are already restoring more than 500,000 hectares of degraded land. One of these projects is the Uljin forest restoration in South Korea. In 2022, a catastrophic wildfire burned through over 20,000 hectares in just ten days. Today, the restoration project is reviving native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay and restoring habitats for the long-tailed goral, a rare mammal. The entire area is expected to be fully restored by 2030. Another flagship is Mexico's island restoration program. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive species from more than sixty islands that are home to one third of the world's seabird species. The program is restoring seabird colonies and protecting biodiversity. These projects demonstrate that even severely damaged ecosystems can be revived. As Inger Andersen, Executive Director of UNEP, said, "These flagships show what is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste". 1. What is the main purpose of the UN World Restoration Flagships? A. To plant trees in every country. B. To recognize and promote ecosystem restoration efforts. C. To replace all invasive species. D. To stop all human activity in natural areas. 2. What happened in Uljin, South Korea, in 2022? A. A new species was discovered. B. A massive wildfire destroyed the forest. C. The forest was fully restored. D. Invasive species were removed. 3. How long have conservationists been working on Mexico's island restoration? A. 10 years. B. 16 years. C. 26 years. D. 36 years. 4. What is Inger Andersen's view on the restoration projects? A. They are too expensive to continue. B. They show what can be achieved through cooperation. C. They have failed to make any difference. D. They should focus only on forests. Passage 2 How Climate Change Is Changing the Colour of Our Oceans （2024-2025学年湖北武汉高一下期中） By the end of the century, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener, thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study. At the heart of this phenomenon are tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton. These organisms create colourful patterns at the ocean surface because of the way light reflects off them. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean—an important process that helps regulate the global climate. However, phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients to grow. Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist at MIT, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. The model found that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer, while in some waters—such as those of the Arctic—warming will make conditions better for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. "Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing," she said, "but the type of phytoplankton is changing". This matters because phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear, it will change the type of fish that can survive. The colour changes will probably be too gradual to notice, but they could mean significant changes. As Dutkiewicz said, "The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet". 1. What causes the colour patterns on the ocean surface? A. Different types of fish. B. Phytoplankton and how light reflects off them. C. Pollution from factories. D. The depth of the ocean. 2. Why are phytoplankton important for the global climate? A. They produce oxygen and bury carbon in the deep ocean. B. They provide food for all marine animals. C. They make the ocean look beautiful. D. They absorb all the sunlight. 3. What does the word "vulnerable" in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. Sensitive and easily harmed. B. Strong and resistant. C. Beneficial and helpful. D. Unnoticeable and invisible. 4. What is the main message of the passage? A. Ocean colour changes are purely natural and not a concern. B. Changes in phytoplankton could be an early warning of climate change. C. Scientists are unsure why the ocean is changing colour. D. Climate change only affects the Arctic Ocean. Passage 3 A Vietnamese Scientist's Unusual Approach to Restoration （2024-2025学年山东青岛高一下期末） Once dismissed as barren and of little value, the Pinhey Sand Dunes near Ottawa have become a habitat for rare plant and animal species, as well as a renowned site for research and education. This transformation was made possible by a Vietnamese scientist, Phuoc, who took an approach that initially seemed at odds with conservation: cutting down thousands of 25-30-metre-tall pine trees. For many years, the prehistoric sand dunes around Canada's capital had been severely reduced by urbanization and inappropriate afforestation. They were viewed as barren land and planted with pine forests. However, in reality, the open landscape of white sand, exposed to sunlight and wind, provides essential habitat for thousands of endemic plants, insects, and animals. Restoring the dunes, Phuoc stressed, means restoring the original ecosystem rather than destroying nature. Supported by scientific evidence and years of persistence, Phuoc convinced Canadian authorities to back the restoration project. The work proceeded in stages, from removing plantation trees and stripping surface soil to restoring the natural sand landscape. Native wildflowers gradually returned, followed by butterflies, beetles, and several rare arthropod species once thought lost from Ontario. According to Phuoc, the project proves that sand dunes are not "dead land" but distinctive ecosystems rich in biodiversity. Every dune system has unique ecological characteristics. He is now applying his experience in Vietnam, focusing on coastal sand dunes that serve as natural barriers against rising sea levels and habitats for numerous species. Phuoc's work reflects both a scientist's responsibility to the communities he serves and the enduring commitment of a Vietnamese expatriate to his homeland. 1. What was the initial public perception of the Pinhey Sand Dunes? A. They were valuable ecosystems. B. They were barren and worthless. C. They were ideal for farming. D. They were already fully restored. 2. Why did Phuoc propose cutting down the pine trees? A. To sell the wood for profit. B. To restore the original sand dune ecosystem. C. To make space for new buildings. D. To prevent wildfires. 3. What happened after the pine trees were removed? A. The area became a desert. B. Native species gradually returned. C. The soil became infertile. D. Invasive species took over. 4. What is Phuoc currently doing in Vietnam? A. Planting more pine forests. B. Focusing on coastal sand dune conservation. C. Building new cities on dunes. D. Studying marine life. Passage 4 The Threat of Invasive Species （2024-2025学年湖南长沙高一下月考） An invasive species is any kind of living thing that isn't native to an ecosystem and causes harm. Invasive species are among the leading threats to native wildlife. About 42% of threatened or endangered species are at risk due to invasive species. When a non-native species is introduced to a new environment, it may find no natural predators to control its population. It can reproduce rapidly, outcompete native species for food and habitat, and disrupt the entire food web. This can lead to the decline or even extinction of native species. The Mexican islands restoration program provides a successful example of dealing with invasive species. For 26 years, conservationists have worked to remove invasive populations from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive species and implementing biosecurity protocols, the program has restored seabird colonies and protected biodiversity. The damage caused by invasive species is not limited to remote islands. Cities around the world face challenges from invasive plants, animals, and insects. In many cases, these species were introduced accidentally through global trade and travel. In other cases, they were deliberately introduced for agriculture, gardening, or pest control—often with unintended consequences. Preventing the introduction of invasive species is far more effective than trying to remove them after they have become established. This requires international cooperation, strict biosecurity measures, and public awareness. As the Mexican islands example shows, however, even after significant damage has been done, restoration is possible with sustained effort and commitment. 1. What percentage of threatened species are at risk due to invasive species? A. About 10%. B. About 26%. C. About 42%. D. About 60%. 2. Why do invasive species often become a problem in new environments? A. They have no natural predators to control their population. B. They are always larger than native species. C. They cannot reproduce in new environments. D. They only eat plants that native species don't eat. 3. What was the result of the Mexican islands restoration program? A. Invasive species increased. B. Seabird colonies were restored. C. All native species died out. D. The islands became uninhabitable. 4. What is the author's main advice about invasive species? A. They should be ignored. B. Prevention is better than removal. C. They can never be controlled. D. Only islands are affected by them. Passage 5 Biodiversity: The Variety of Life on Earth （2024-2025学年福建厦门高一下期中） Biodiversity—the variety of life on Earth—is vital to the health of the planet. It encompasses the diversity of species, the genetic variation within species, and the variety of ecosystems in which they live. A rich biodiversity ensures that ecosystems function properly, providing essential services such as clean air, fresh water, food, and medicine. However, biodiversity is declining faster than ever before. Human activities like deforestation, overfishing, and pollution have caused what scientists call a "sixth mass extinction," with up to one million species at risk of disappearing. The most significant causes of extinctions are habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, and overharvesting. The loss of biodiversity is not just a tragedy for nature—it is a threat to human survival. Imagine a forest where only one type of tree grows. If a disease kills that tree, the entire forest dies. This is the danger of losing biodiversity: when ecosystems become simplified, they become fragile and less able to withstand shocks. Conservation efforts around the world are working to protect biodiversity. These include establishing protected areas, restoring degraded habitats, and reintroducing endangered species. International cooperation is also crucial. The Kunming Biodiversity Fund, launched by China, is accelerating action to help developing countries scale up their biodiversity strategies. Protecting biodiversity requires action at every level—from global agreements to individual choices. As one scientist put it, "We are not just saving nature; we are saving ourselves." 1. What does biodiversity include? A. Only the number of species on Earth. B. Species diversity, genetic variation, and ecosystem variety. C. Only animals, not plants. D. Only forests and oceans. 2. What is the "sixth mass extinction"? A. A natural event that happens every 100 years. B. The current rapid loss of species caused by human activity. C. An event that only affects insects. D. A theory that has been proven false. 3. What is the danger of losing biodiversity according to the passage? A. Ecosystems become more resilient. B. Ecosystems become fragile and less able to withstand shocks. C. New species will replace the lost ones. D. There will be more food for humans. 4. What does the Kunming Biodiversity Fund aim to do? A. Stop all development in developing countries. B. Help developing countries protect biodiversity. C. Replace all natural forests with plantations. D. Focus only on protecting one species. Passage 6 Hope for a Fragile Planet （2024-2025学年广东广州高一下期末） Our planet is fragile. Ecosystems that took millions of years to develop can be destroyed in decades—or even days. [1]________The news is often bleak, with reports of species extinction, deforestation, and climate change dominating the headlines. Yet there is also hope. Around the world, people are working to restore what has been lost. [2]________The United Nations has recognized some of these efforts as World Restoration Flagships, showcasing what can be achieved when people come together. In South Korea, a forest destroyed by wildfire is being revived. In Mexico, invasive species are being removed from islands that are home to one third of the world's seabirds. [3]__________ Some restoration projects require unusual approaches. [4]________Removing trees that were planted decades ago may seem like destruction, but it can be the first step toward restoring the original ecosystem. The common thread in all these stories is human commitment. [5]________It means listening to the "cries of the forest" and responding with action. It means working across borders and generations to protect what remains and restore what has been lost. The delicate world we inhabit is both fragile and resilient. With determination and collective action, we can heal the wounds we have inflicted on our planet. The future of our ecosystems—and our own survival—depends on the choices we make today. A. In Canada, a scientist is restoring ancient sand dunes by removing pine trees. B. Restoration is not always about planting trees. C. Human activity has left deep scars on the natural world. D. These projects prove that even severely damaged ecosystems can recover. E. Restoration requires patience, persistence, and cooperation. F. Climate change is the only threat to biodiversity. G. The damage is irreversible and we should give up hope. Passage 7 How to Protect Our Fragile Ecosystems （2024-2025学年湖北武汉高一下期末） Ecosystems are the complex webs of life that sustain our planet. [1]________They provide us with clean air, fresh water, food, and countless other benefits. Yet these delicate systems are under unprecedented threat. One of the most effective ways to protect ecosystems is to establish protected areas. [2]________These areas serve as refuges for species and allow ecosystems to function naturally. China has made significant progress in this area, with new national nature reserves being established regularly. Another crucial strategy is restoration. [3]________This can involve removing invasive species, replanting native vegetation, or restoring natural water flows. The key is to address the root causes of degradation rather than just treating the symptoms. Prevention is also essential. [4]________Strict biosecurity measures can prevent invasive species from being introduced in the first place. Reducing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions can prevent further damage to ecosystems. Finally, education and awareness are vital. [5]________When people understand the value of ecosystems and the threats they face, they are more likely to support conservation efforts. As the UN's ecosystem restoration initiative shows, protecting our fragile world requires action at every level—from international cooperation to individual choices. The challenges are great, but the rewards are greater. Every ecosystem restored is a victory for life on Earth. A. This involves actively helping damaged ecosystems recover. B. National parks and nature reserves protect biodiversity. C. They are the foundation of all life on Earth. D. It is better to prevent damage than to repair it. E. People protect what they understand and value. F. Ecosystems are too complex to understand. G. Restoration is always expensive and difficult. Passage 8 （2024-2025学年山东济南高一下期末） In 2022, a devastating wildfire burned through the Uljin forest in South Korea, destroying over 20,000 hectares in just ten days. The [1]________was one of the country's worst ecological disasters. But from the ashes, a remarkable [2]________story has emerged. The Uljin forest restoration project is now recognized as a UN World Restoration Flagship. The project is [3]________native plant species such as the endangered spike rosebay and restoring [4]________for the long-tailed goral, a rare mammal. The entire fire-damaged area is expected to be fully [5]________by 2030. Similarly, Mexico has been working for 26 years to [6]________invasive species from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and [7]________seabird colonies, the program is protecting biodiversity. Not all restoration involves planting trees. In Canada, a Vietnamese scientist named Phuoc has been [8]________a different approach: cutting down pine trees to restore ancient sand dunes. For decades, the dunes had been [9]________as barren land and planted with pine forests. But the open sand landscape is actually a [10]________habitat for thousands of species. After the pine trees were removed, native wildflowers [11]________, followed by butterflies and rare insects. These restoration stories share a common [12]________: they demonstrate that ecosystems can recover with human commitment and scientific understanding. As Inger Andersen of UNEP said, these projects show "what is [13]________when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and waste". The message is clear: our planet is not beyond [14]________. With determination and [15]________action, we can restore what has been lost. 1. A. fire B. flood C. earthquake D. storm 2. A. sad B. funny C. restoration D. mysterious 3. A. destroying B. removing C. reviving D. ignoring 4. A. habitats B. buildings C. farms D. roads 5. A. abandoned B. restored C. damaged D. destroyed 6. A. introduce B. protect C. remove D. study 7. A. destroying B. restoring C. hunting D. feeding 8. A. following B. avoiding C. rejecting D. delaying 9. A. valued B. viewed C. ignored D. celebrated 10. A. poor B. artificial C. essential D. temporary 11. A. disappeared B. returned C. died D. escaped 12. A. problem B. mistake C. thread D. opinion 13. A. impossible B. difficult C. doable D. dangerous 14. A. saving B. harming C. destroying D. understanding 15. A. individual B. collective C. limited D. random Passage 9 （2024-2025学年湖南长沙高一下期中） Growing up near a national park, I developed a deep [1]________for nature. The forests, rivers, and wildlife were part of my [2]________. I never imagined that I would one day become part of a project to [3]________a damaged ecosystem. When I was 15, a [4]________fire swept through the park, destroying thousands of hectares of forest. The landscape I had loved since childhood was reduced to ash and [5]________. I felt a profound sense of loss. A few years later, I learned about a restoration project in the [6]________area. Scientists and volunteers were working to [7]________native species and restore habitats. I decided to [8]________. My first task was to plant tree seedlings. It was [9]________work—digging holes, placing the seedlings, and watering them. But with each tree I planted, I felt a small sense of [10]________. I was helping to bring the forest back to life. Over the following years, I watched the forest [11]________. The first wildflowers appeared, then birds returned, and finally, larger animals began to come back. It was [12]________to witness the resilience of nature. The experience [13]________my understanding of ecosystems. I learned that damage can be [14]________—but so can recovery. With patience and commitment, even the most [15]________landscapes can be restored. Today, I work as a conservation biologist, continuing the work I started as a teenager. 1. A. fear B. love C. dislike D. ignorance 2. A. problem B. imagination C. childhood D. future 3. A. destroy B. create C. restore D. ignore 4. A. small B. controlled C. devastating D. accidental 5. A. beauty B. life C. hope D. ruin 6. A. unaffected B. damaged C. protected D. abandoned 7. A. remove B. introduce C. revive D. hunt 8. A. leave B. join C. refuse D. wait 9. A. easy B. enjoyable C. hard D. dangerous 10. A. loss B. guilt C. fear D. hope 11. A. recover B. disappear C. change D. remain 12. A. disappointing B. amazing C. frightening D. boring 13. A. limited B. confused C. deepened D. ignored 14. A. prevented B. caused C. healed D. avoided 15. A. beautiful B. damaged C. ordinary D. famous Passage 10 （2024-2025学年广东深圳高一下期末） Ecosystems are the complex networks of living organisms and their physical environments. They are [1]______ (essential) important for maintaining life on Earth, providing clean air, fresh water, food, and countless other benefits. However, these delicate systems are under threat from human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. The United Nations has declared 2021-2030 the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, [2]______ (aim) to prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems on every continent and in every ocean. Under this initiative, the World Restoration Flagship awards recognize the most ambitious and promising large-scale restoration efforts. One such flagship is the Uljin forest restoration in South Korea. In 2022, a catastrophic wildfire [3]______ (destroy) over 20,000 hectares of forest. Today, the restoration project is reviving native plant species and restoring habitats for endangered animals. The entire area [4]______ (expect) to be fully restored by 2030. Another flagship is Mexico's island restoration program. For 26 years, conservationists [5]______ (work) to remove invasive species from more than sixty islands. These islands are home to one third of the world's seabird species. By removing invasive populations and restoring seabird colonies, the program [6]______ (protect) biodiversity. In Canada, a Vietnamese scientist named Phuoc has taken a different approach. He convinced authorities to remove thousands of pine trees [7]______ (restore) ancient sand dunes. The dunes had long been viewed as barren land, but in reality, they provide [8]______ (essence) habitat for thousands of species. After the trees were removed, native wildflowers and rare insects gradually returned. These restoration projects demonstrate that ecosystems are not beyond saving. They show [9]______ is doable when people come together to reverse the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss. However, restoration requires patience, scientific understanding, and global cooperation. The message is clear: our planet is fragile, [10]______ it is also resilient. With determination and collective action, we can restore what has been lost and protect what remains. The future of our ecosystems—and our own survival—depends on the choices we make today. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $