Unit 5 A delicate world It作形式宾语（核心语法精练）英语外研版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 聚焦It作形式宾语，通过结构化知识梳理（定义+5核心结构+2特殊结构+形式主宾对比）与梯度化题型训练（识别-应用-综合），系统构建语法认知与解题能力，提升语言运用准确性及思维逻辑性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|1表格（含定义、5结构、2特殊结构及对比）|归纳“动词+it+宾补+不定式/动名词/从句”等核心结构，明确形式宾语与形式主语差异|从概念定义到结构分类，再到特殊用法及易混点对比，形成完整认知链| |考点夯基|单选12题+填空10题+完成句子10题+句型转换10题|针对“appreciate it if”“take it for granted that”等高频考点设计专项练习|从结构识别（单选/填空）到主动应用（完成句子/句型转换），实现能力梯度提升| |综合提升|阅读+七选五+完型填空各1篇|在语篇中渗透语法应用，强化语境中知识迁移能力|连接基础语法与语篇理解，体现语言能力与思维品质的综合发展|

Unit 5 A delicate world It 作形式宾语 参考答案 一、单项选择 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．C 12．C 二、单句语法填空 1．it 2．it 3．it 4．it 5．it 6．it 7．it 8．it 9．it 10．it 三、完成句子 1．it difficult to get up early every day 2．it our duty to protect the environment 3．it no use spending too much time on the phone every day 4．it if you could help me 5．it a rule to visit the old every weekend 6．it that he will arrive on time 7．it for granted that your parents will always support you 8．it to his teacher's help that he succeeded 9．it no good staying up late before exams 10．it easier for people to get information 四、句型转换 1．I find it difficult to learn English well. 2．No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 3．Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits. 4．I think it no use arguing with him. 5．We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend. 6．The incident made it clear that the problem needed solving once and for all. 7．You may rely on it that he will come to help us. 8．Some people take it for granted that their parents will always support them. 9．We owe it to the scientists that we can now better understand the ecosystem. 10．She finds it difficult to finish the work on time. 一、阅读理解A 1．A 2．D 3．B 七选五B 4．B 5．A 6．F 7．E 8．D 二、完形填空C 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．D 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A delicate world 核心语法精练 It作形式宾语 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 四、句型转换 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、七选五 18 三、完型填空 18 It作形式宾语 类别 内容 说明 例句 定义 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语，且其后跟有宾语补足语时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置 it无实际词义，仅起语法作用，使句子结构平衡 。 No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 游客都不会觉得这个岛被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录令人惊讶。 结构1：动词+it+宾补+不定式 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + to do sth 常用于think/find/make/consider/believe/feel等动词后 。 I find it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。 结构2：动词+it+宾补+动名词 主语 + 动词 + it + no good/no use/useless/a waste of time + doing sth 常用于特定形容词/名词之后 。 He thought it no use trying to convince them. 他认为试图说服他们没有用。 结构3：动词+it+宾补+that从句 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + that从句 that从句作真正宾语 。 Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. 专家认为有必要想出一个计划来清除岛上所有的兔子。 结构4：喜恶动词+it+when/if从句 like/dislike/hate/love/appreciate/prefer + it + when/if从句 表示“喜欢/讨厌/感激……当/如果……” 。 I don't like it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们嘴里塞满食物时说话。 结构5：动词+介词+it+that从句 动词 + 介词 + it + that从句 常用于rely on/depend on/insist on/see to等短语后 。 You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 特殊结构：take it for granted that... take it for granted that + 从句 意为“认为……是理所当然的” 。 Some people take it for granted that nature will always provide us with everything. 有些人想当然地认为大自然总会为我们提供一切。 特殊结构：owe it to sb that... owe it to sb that + 从句 意为“把……归功于某人” 。 We owe it to the scientists that many rare animals are saved from dying out. 我们把许多珍稀动物免于灭绝归功于科学家们。 it作形式宾语 vs it作形式主语 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语 it位于谓语动词之后 。 We find it important to protect animals. 我们发现保护动物很重要。 形式主语：It + 谓语 + 真正主语 it位于句首 。 It is important to protect wild animals. 保护野生动物很重要。 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．No visitor would think ______ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A．that B．this C．it D．what 2．Experts felt ______ necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. A．that B．it C．this D．one 3．I find ______ difficult to memorize so many English words in one day. A．that B．this C．it D．what 4．She thought ______ no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. A．it B．that C．this D．there 5．I would appreciate ______ if you could give me some advice. A．that B．this C．it D．you 6．We make ______ a rule to get up early and do some exercise every morning. A．that B．this C．it D．what 7．The incident made ______ clear that the problem needed solving once and for all. A．it B．that C．this D．what 8．You may rely on ______ that he will come to help us in time. A．this B．it C．that D．him 9．Some people take ______ for granted that their parents will always support them. A．that B．this C．it D．what 10．I don't think ______ a good idea to give up the chance to study abroad. A．that B．this C．it D．what 11．We owe ______ to the scientists that we can now better understand the ecosystem. A．that B．this C．it D．one 12．She hates ______ when people talk loudly in the library. A．that B．this C．it D．what 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．No visitor would think ______ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 2．Experts felt ______ necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits. 3．I find ______ difficult to finish the work all by myself. 4．He thought ______ no good arguing with her about such a small matter. 5．I would appreciate ______ if you could lend me a hand. 6．We make ______ a rule to read English aloud every morning. 7．This incident made ______ clear that the problem needed solving. 8．You may depend on ______ that he will keep his promise. 9．Some people take ______ for granted that they will never get sick. 10．We owe ______ to our parents that we have received a good education. 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用it作形式宾语的句型完成下列句子。 1．我发现每天早起很难。 I find ____ __. 2．我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 We consider ______ _____. 3．我认为每天花太多时间玩手机是没有用的。 I think _______ ____. 4．如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate _____ ______. 5．我们规定每个周末去探望老人。 We make ______ _____. 6．你可以相信他会按时到达。 You may rely on _____ _____. 7．不要想当然地认为父母会永远支持你。 Don't take ______ _____. 8．他把自己的成功归功于老师的帮助。 He owes ______ _____. 9．我认为在考试前熬夜是没有好处的。 I think ______ _____. 10．新技术使人们能够更容易地获取信息。 New technology makes ______ _____. 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为用it作形式宾语的句子。 1．To learn English well is difficult for me. (I find...) . 2．That the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site is surprising. (No visitor would think...) . 3．To come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits was necessary. (Experts felt...) . 4．Arguing with him is no use. (I think...) . 5．To visit the old every weekend is our rule. (We make...) . 6．The problem needed solving once and for all. The incident made this clear. (The incident made...) . 7．You can rely on this: he will come to help us. (You may rely on...) . 8．Some people think this is natural: their parents will always support them. (Some people take...) . 9．We owe this to the scientists: we can now better understand the ecosystem. (We owe...) . 10．To finish the work on time is difficult for her. (She finds...) . 一、阅读理解 A Music for Humans and Humpback Whales (座头鲸) As researchers conclude in Science, the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain and is far more ancient than previously suspected. In the articles, researchers present various evidence to show that music­making is at once an original human “business”, and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom. The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom, and that a number of non­human animals produce what can rightly be called music, rather than random sound. Recent in­depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. For example, male humpback whales, who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing, use rhythms (节奏) similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length — a few seconds. Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves (八度音阶), yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals (间隔), rather than moving forwards madly. They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio (比例) which agrees with that heard in much western music. They also use a favorite technique of human singers, the so­called A­B­A form, in which a theme is stated, then developed, and then returned to in slightly revised form. Perhaps most impressive, humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme. “This suggests that whales use rhyme, the same way we do: as a technique in poem to help them remember complex materials,” the researchers write. 1．The underlined words “converge on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ________． A．tend towards B．refer to C．turn into D．put forward 2．What is the main idea of the article? A．Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans. B．Humans borrow ideas in music from humpback whales. C．Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom. D．Music­making is an ancient activity of both humans and animals. 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ________． A．argue and discuss B．inform and explain C．compare and advertise D．examine and assess B You will experience a lot of changes through your teenage years. The changes may seem difficult. They may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! 4 You are a young adult now! With more duty, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about making choices. In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions. 5 You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right chance will present itself to you. 6 You will probably want to be independent. But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely. 7 This period is a part of the life cycle. These are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey. There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices. 8 Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely! A．They will help shape the future. B．You will deal with them successfully! C．You may appreciate friendship in your own life. D．So making the right choices will be important to you. E．A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. F．Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices G．Your family has been with you since you came into this world. 二、完形填空 C Before Elaine left the Antarctic, she was determined to see a penguin — up close. She had spotted a few, but only from far away. But that night, when someone said there was a penguin on the ice outside the station, Elaine rushed out. A frosty wind circled, a(n) 9 . Elaine knew the weather could change 10 . Although the icy plain looked solid, its sheet was in constant 11 . Crevasses (冰裂缝) hid beneath the snowy surface. Rows of blue and red flags 12 a safe path through this dangerous zone. It was 13 the rules to approach a penguin. So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her. She held her breath, concentrated on the penguin waddling toward her and 14 it to keep coming. Soon the bird stood just in front of her, with its eyes 15 with hers. So sweet! 16 she leaned into the blowing wind and followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station. Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch! She dropped a little lower. If she 17 , she’d drop into the crevasse, where nobody would even find her. Then the wind 18 . In a sudden quiet, Elaine felt someone near, her penguin! Seeing Elaine move, the bird walked away, then stopped and looked back, which seemed to invite her to follow. Cracks 19 around her. She made up her mind. She would trust her bird. She spread her arms on the ice like wings, keeping her body 20 and spreading her weight across the fragile surface. She pushed forward on her belly, 21 ahead. The penguin wove a trail between the cracks. Elaine scraped along behind, 22 time as she focused on following the penguin’s path. Finally, with one last 23 of her arms, Elaine crawled after her penguin onto solid, white ice. Safety! 9．A．pressure B．warning C．prediction D．impression 10．A．in a heartbeat B．in a row C．in a hurry D．in a way 11．A．evolution B．consumption C．motion D．progression 12．A．strengthened B．marked C．decorated D．crossed 13．A．for B．among C．against D．of 14．A．considered B．permitted C．willed D．forced 15．A．level B．parallel C．opposite D．equal 16．A．Fortunately B．Reluctantly C．Intentionally D．Unconsciously 17．A．broke out B．broke down C．broke in D．broke through 18．A．died B．followed C．returned D．worsened 19．A．declined B．spiderwebbed C．melted D．accumulated 20．A．flexible B．flat C．twisted D．bent 21．A．rushing B．sliding C．inching D．diving 22．A．losing track of B．losing control of C．taking note of D．running out of 23．A．raise B．wave C．shake D．pull 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A delicate world 核心语法精练 It作形式宾语 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、完成句子 12 四、句型转换 12 三、综合提升 14 一、阅读理解 14 二、七选五 18 三、完型填空 18 It作形式宾语 类别 内容 说明 例句 定义 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语，且其后跟有宾语补足语时，为避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置 it无实际词义，仅起语法作用，使句子结构平衡 。 No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 游客都不会觉得这个岛被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录令人惊讶。 结构1：动词+it+宾补+不定式 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + to do sth 常用于think/find/make/consider/believe/feel等动词后 。 I find it difficult to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。 结构2：动词+it+宾补+动名词 主语 + 动词 + it + no good/no use/useless/a waste of time + doing sth 常用于特定形容词/名词之后 。 He thought it no use trying to convince them. 他认为试图说服他们没有用。 结构3：动词+it+宾补+that从句 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + that从句 that从句作真正宾语 。 Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. 专家认为有必要想出一个计划来清除岛上所有的兔子。 结构4：喜恶动词+it+when/if从句 like/dislike/hate/love/appreciate/prefer + it + when/if从句 表示“喜欢/讨厌/感激……当/如果……” 。 I don't like it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我不喜欢人们嘴里塞满食物时说话。 结构5：动词+介词+it+that从句 动词 + 介词 + it + that从句 常用于rely on/depend on/insist on/see to等短语后 。 You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 特殊结构：take it for granted that... take it for granted that + 从句 意为“认为……是理所当然的” 。 Some people take it for granted that nature will always provide us with everything. 有些人想当然地认为大自然总会为我们提供一切。 特殊结构：owe it to sb that... owe it to sb that + 从句 意为“把……归功于某人” 。 We owe it to the scientists that many rare animals are saved from dying out. 我们把许多珍稀动物免于灭绝归功于科学家们。 it作形式宾语 vs it作形式主语 形式宾语：主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语 it位于谓语动词之后 。 We find it important to protect animals. 我们发现保护动物很重要。 形式主语：It + 谓语 + 真正主语 it位于句首 。 It is important to protect wild animals. 保护野生动物很重要。 一、单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．No visitor would think ______ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：游客都不会觉得这个岛被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录令人惊讶。that引导的从句是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语，放在动词think和宾语补足语surprising之间。故选C项。 2．Experts felt ______ necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. A．that B．it C．this D．one 【答案】B 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：专家们认为有必要想出一个计划来清除岛上所有的兔子。不定式短语“to come up with a plan...”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语，放在felt和necessary之间。故选B项。 3．I find ______ difficult to memorize so many English words in one day. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我发现一天内记住这么多英语单词很难。不定式短语“to memorize so many English words in one day”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。故选C项。 4．She thought ______ no use trying to persuade him to change his mind. A．it B．that C．this D．there 【答案】A 【解析】考查it作形式宾语代替动名词。句意：她认为试图说服他改变主意是没有用的。动名词短语“trying to persuade him...”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。句型“think it no use doing sth”为固定结构。故选A项。 5．I would appreciate ______ if you could give me some advice. A．that B．this C．it D．you 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：如果你能给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。在appreciate后接if从句时，需用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有like、dislike、hate、love等。 6．We make ______ a rule to get up early and do some exercise every morning. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我们规定每天早起做运动。不定式短语“to get up early and do some exercise every morning”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。make it a rule to do sth为固定句型，意为“规定做某事”。故选C项。 7．The incident made ______ clear that the problem needed solving once and for all. A．it B．that C．this D．what 【答案】A 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：这一事件清楚地表明，这个问题需要一次彻底解决。that引导的从句是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语，放在made和clear之间。故选A项。 8．You may rely on ______ that he will come to help us in time. A．this B．it C．that D．him 【答案】B 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：你放心，他会及时来帮助我们的。在“动词 + 介词 + it + that从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。rely on it that为固定搭配。故选B项。 9．Some people take ______ for granted that their parents will always support them. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：有些人想当然地认为父母会永远支持他们。take it for granted that...为固定句型，意为“认为……是理所当然的”，it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。故选C项。 10．I don't think ______ a good idea to give up the chance to study abroad. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我认为放弃出国留学的机会不是个好主意。不定式短语“to give up the chance to study abroad”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。动词think后接复合宾语时常用it作形式宾语。故选C项。 11．We owe ______ to the scientists that we can now better understand the ecosystem. A．that B．this C．it D．one 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我们把现在能更好地了解生态系统归功于科学家们。owe it to sb that...为固定句型，意为“把……归功于某人”，it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。故选C项。 12．She hates ______ when people talk loudly in the library. A．that B．this C．it D．what 【答案】C 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：她讨厌人们在图书馆大声说话。在hate后接when从句时，需用it作形式宾语。类似用法的动词还有like、dislike、love、appreciate等。故选C项。 二、单句语法填空 在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．No visitor would think ______ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：游客都不会觉得这个岛被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录令人惊讶。that引导的从句是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 2．Experts felt ______ necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：专家们认为有必要想出一个计划来清除所有的兔子。不定式短语是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 3．I find ______ difficult to finish the work all by myself. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我发现完全靠我自己完成这项工作很难。不定式短语“to finish the work all by myself”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 4．He thought ______ no good arguing with her about such a small matter. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语代替动名词。句意：他认为就这样的小事和她争论没有好处。动名词短语“arguing with her...”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 5．I would appreciate ______ if you could lend me a hand. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：如果你能帮我一把，我将不胜感激。在appreciate后接if从句时，需用it作形式宾语。 6．We make ______ a rule to read English aloud every morning. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我们规定每天早上大声朗读英语。不定式短语是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。make it a rule to do sth为固定句型。 7．This incident made ______ clear that the problem needed solving. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：这一事件清楚地表明这个问题需要解决。that从句是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 8．You may depend on ______ that he will keep his promise. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：你可以相信他会信守诺言。在“动词 + 介词 + it + that从句”结构中，it作形式宾语。 9．Some people take ______ for granted that they will never get sick. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：有些人想当然地认为他们永远不会生病。take it for granted that...为固定句型，it作形式宾语。 10．We owe ______ to our parents that we have received a good education. 【答案】it 【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：我们把受到良好的教育归功于父母。owe it to sb that...为固定句型，it作形式宾语。 三、完成句子 根据中文意思，用it作形式宾语的句型完成下列句子。 1．我发现每天早起很难。 I find ______. 【答案】it difficult to get up early every day 【解析】考查“动词 + it + 形容词 + 不定式”结构。不定式短语“to get up early every day”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 2．我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。 We consider ______. 【答案】it our duty to protect the environment 【解析】考查“动词 + it + 名词 + 不定式”结构。不定式短语“to protect the environment”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 3．我认为每天花太多时间玩手机是没有用的。 I think ______. 【答案】it no use spending too much time on the phone every day 【解析】考查“动词 + it + no use + 动名词”结构。动名词短语“spending too much time on the phone every day”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 4．如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate ______. 【答案】it if you could help me 【解析】考查appreciate + it + if从句结构。在appreciate后接if从句时，需用it作形式宾语。 5．我们规定每个周末去探望老人。 We make ______. 【答案】it a rule to visit the old every weekend 【解析】考查“动词 + it + 名词 + 不定式”结构。make it a rule to do sth为固定句型，意为“规定做某事”。 6．你可以相信他会按时到达。 You may rely on ______. 【答案】it that he will arrive on time 【解析】考查“动词 + 介词 + it + that从句”结构。rely on it that为固定搭配，it作形式宾语。 7．不要想当然地认为父母会永远支持你。 Don't take ______. 【答案】it for granted that your parents will always support you 【解析】考查take it for granted that...句型。it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。 8．他把自己的成功归功于老师的帮助。 He owes ______. 【答案】it to his teacher's help that he succeeded 【解析】考查owe it to sb that...句型。it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。 9．我认为在考试前熬夜是没有好处的。 I think ______. 【答案】it no good staying up late before exams 【解析】考查“动词 + it + no good + 动名词”结构。动名词短语作真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 10．新技术使人们能够更容易地获取信息。 New technology makes ______. 【答案】it easier for people to get information 【解析】考查“动词 + it + 形容词 + 不定式”结构。不定式短语“to get information”是真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。 四、句型转换 将下列句子改为用it作形式宾语的句子。 1．To learn English well is difficult for me. (I find...) 【答案】I find it difficult to learn English well. 【解析】将不定式短语“to learn English well”移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词find和宾语补足语difficult之间用it作形式宾语。 2．That the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site is surprising. (No visitor would think...) 【答案】No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 【解析】将that从句移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词think和宾语补足语surprising之间用it作形式宾语。 3．To come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits was necessary. (Experts felt...) 【答案】Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits. 【解析】将不定式短语移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词felt和宾语补足语necessary之间用it作形式宾语。 4．Arguing with him is no use. (I think...) 【答案】I think it no use arguing with him. 【解析】将动名词短语“arguing with him”移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词think和宾语补足语no use之间用it作形式宾语。 5．To visit the old every weekend is our rule. (We make...) 【答案】We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend. 【解析】将不定式短语移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词make和宾语补足语a rule之间用it作形式宾语。 6．The problem needed solving once and for all. The incident made this clear. (The incident made...) 【答案】The incident made it clear that the problem needed solving once and for all. 【解析】将that从句移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词made和宾语补足语clear之间用it作形式宾语。 7．You can rely on this: he will come to help us. (You may rely on...) 【答案】You may rely on it that he will come to help us. 【解析】在“动词 + 介词”结构后接that从句时，用it作形式宾语。 8．Some people think this is natural: their parents will always support them. (Some people take...) 【答案】Some people take it for granted that their parents will always support them. 【解析】take it for granted that...为固定句型，it作形式宾语。 9．We owe this to the scientists: we can now better understand the ecosystem. (We owe...) 【答案】We owe it to the scientists that we can now better understand the ecosystem. 【解析】owe it to sb that...为固定句型，it作形式宾语。 10．To finish the work on time is difficult for her. (She finds...) 【答案】She finds it difficult to finish the work on time. 【解析】将不定式短语移至句末作真正的宾语，在动词finds和宾语补足语difficult之间用it作形式宾语。 一、阅读理解 A Music for Humans and Humpback Whales (座头鲸) As researchers conclude in Science, the love of music is not only a universal feature of the human species but is also deeply fixed in complex structures of the human brain and is far more ancient than previously suspected. In the articles, researchers present various evidence to show that music­making is at once an original human “business”, and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom. The new reports stress that humans hold no copyright on sound wisdom, and that a number of non­human animals produce what can rightly be called music, rather than random sound. Recent in­depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. For example, male humpback whales, who spend six months of each year doing little else but singing, use rhythms (节奏) similar to those found in human music and musical phrases of similar length — a few seconds. Whales are able to make sounds over a range of at least seven octaves (八度音阶), yet they tend to move on through a song in beautiful musical intervals (间隔), rather than moving forwards madly. They mix the sounds like drums and pure tones in a ratio (比例) which agrees with that heard in much western music. They also use a favorite technique of human singers, the so­called A­B­A form, in which a theme is stated, then developed, and then returned to in slightly revised form. Perhaps most impressive, humpback songs contain tunes that rhyme. “This suggests that whales use rhyme, the same way we do: as a technique in poem to help them remember complex materials,” the researchers write. 1．The underlined words “converge on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ________． A．tend towards B．refer to C．turn into D．put forward 2．What is the main idea of the article? A．Animals are able to compose and enjoy music like humans. B．Humans borrow ideas in music from humpback whales. C．Humpback whales are skillful performers in the animal kingdom. D．Music­making is an ancient activity of both humans and animals. 3．The main purpose of the passage is to ________． A．argue and discuss B．inform and explain C．compare and advertise D．examine and assess 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。全篇以座头鲸为例，阐述了动物和人类一样具备音乐创作的能力，而且座头鲸可以创作出令人愉悦的音乐。 1．词义猜测题。根据第三段末句“Recent in­depth analyses of the songs sung by humpback whales show that, even when their organ would allow them to do otherwise, the animals converge on the same choices relating to sounds and beauty, and accept the same laws of song composition as those preferred by human musicians, and human ears, everywhere. (最近对座头鲸所唱歌曲的深入分析表明，即使它们的器官允许它们不这样做，这些动物也会在声音和美方面做出相同的选择，并接受与人类音乐家和人类耳朵所偏好的相同的歌曲组成规律，无论在哪里。)”可知，深度分析座头鲸所唱的歌会发现，它们都趋向于发出那种悦耳动听、被大众喜爱的声音。由此推知，converge on的意思是“趋向于”。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In the articles, researchers present various evidence to show that music­making is at once an original human “business”, and an art form with skillful performers throughout the animal kingdom. (在文章中，研究人员提出了各种各样的证据来表明，音乐创作既是一种原始的人类“事业”，也是一种艺术形式，在整个动物王国中都有熟练的表演者。)”可知，创作音乐并非人类世界的专属，动物世界也同样存在。接下来全文围绕这一观点进行了说明。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，前两段提出要阐述的话题，动物和人类一样可以创作音乐，之后下文又以座头鲸为例进一步说明解释这一事实，故本文的主要目的是“告知和解释”。故选B。 B You will experience a lot of changes through your teenage years. The changes may seem difficult. They may seem to happen quickly. Don’t panic! 4 You are a young adult now! With more duty, you will find more freedom to make your own choices. This is a time to be well informed about making choices. In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions. 5 You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do. Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right chance will present itself to you. 6 You will probably want to be independent. But try not to shut your family out of your life. You should learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself. It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely. 7 This period is a part of the life cycle. These are some people who will be with you throughout life’s journey. There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways. Leaving school can be hard. The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again. You are a young adult. It is your life. No one can live it for you. The choices that you make from now on will be your choices. 8 Life is for living. Enjoy your life wisely! A．They will help shape the future. B．You will deal with them successfully! C．You may appreciate friendship in your own life. D．So making the right choices will be important to you. E．A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens. F．Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices G．Your family has been with you since you came into this world. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．F 7．E 8．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文告诉我们年华易逝，要珍惜大好的青少年时光，做出正确的抉择，过好自己的生活。 4．由前文可知，在整个青少年时代你将面临着诸多变化，有的困难，有的很快发生，不要惊慌！______________ 你已经是成年人了。B项You will deal with them successfully（你会成功地处理它们）承上启下，此处them是指上文中的a lot of changes。 5．由前面的句子In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions可知，用这种方式你能做出健康平衡的决定，而这些决定将有助于塑造未来。这里的they是指上句中healthy balanced decisions，故选A。 6．根据本段第二句话You will probably want to be independent.可知，成年意味着有更大的自由和更多的选择，所以你才可能想要独立。故选F。 7．根据上一句It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family. Choose your friends wisely.可知，朋友的重要性，要明智地选择朋友，因为不管发生什么事，真正的朋友都会支持你。选E。 8．根据本段主题可知，你就是你，没有人可以替你生活，因而，你的选择对于你自己来说就尤为重要了。选D。 二、完形填空 C Before Elaine left the Antarctic, she was determined to see a penguin — up close. She had spotted a few, but only from far away. But that night, when someone said there was a penguin on the ice outside the station, Elaine rushed out. A frosty wind circled, a(n) 9 . Elaine knew the weather could change 10 . Although the icy plain looked solid, its sheet was in constant 11 . Crevasses (冰裂缝) hid beneath the snowy surface. Rows of blue and red flags 12 a safe path through this dangerous zone. It was 13 the rules to approach a penguin. So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her. She held her breath, concentrated on the penguin waddling toward her and 14 it to keep coming. Soon the bird stood just in front of her, with its eyes 15 with hers. So sweet! 16 she leaned into the blowing wind and followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station. Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch! She dropped a little lower. If she 17 , she’d drop into the crevasse, where nobody would even find her. Then the wind 18 . In a sudden quiet, Elaine felt someone near, her penguin! Seeing Elaine move, the bird walked away, then stopped and looked back, which seemed to invite her to follow. Cracks 19 around her. She made up her mind. She would trust her bird. She spread her arms on the ice like wings, keeping her body 20 and spreading her weight across the fragile surface. She pushed forward on her belly, 21 ahead. The penguin wove a trail between the cracks. Elaine scraped along behind, 22 time as she focused on following the penguin’s path. Finally, with one last 23 of her arms, Elaine crawled after her penguin onto solid, white ice. Safety! 9．A．pressure B．warning C．prediction D．impression 10．A．in a heartbeat B．in a row C．in a hurry D．in a way 11．A．evolution B．consumption C．motion D．progression 12．A．strengthened B．marked C．decorated D．crossed 13．A．for B．among C．against D．of 14．A．considered B．permitted C．willed D．forced 15．A．level B．parallel C．opposite D．equal 16．A．Fortunately B．Reluctantly C．Intentionally D．Unconsciously 17．A．broke out B．broke down C．broke in D．broke through 18．A．died B．followed C．returned D．worsened 19．A．declined B．spiderwebbed C．melted D．accumulated 20．A．flexible B．flat C．twisted D．bent 21．A．rushing B．sliding C．inching D．diving 22．A．losing track of B．losing control of C．taking note of D．running out of 23．A．raise B．wave C．shake D．pull 【答案】 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elaine在南极试图近距离观察企鹅时，被强风卷入险境，跌落在冰裂缝上。企鹅的出现引导她冷静地利用姿势和技巧，沿着企鹅的路线缓慢爬行，最终脱险回到安全冰面的惊险故事。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：刺骨的风盘旋着，像是一种警告。A. pressure压力；B. warning警告；C. prediction预测；D. impression印象。根据后文“Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch!”描述Elaine遇险可推知，“A frosty wind circled”预示着危险，是一种“警告”，这是文学作品中常用的“伏笔”修辞手法。故选B项。 10．考查介词短语辨析。句意：Elaine知道天气可能在转瞬间变化。A. in a heartbeat转瞬间，立刻；B. in a row连续地；C. in a hurry匆忙地；D. in a way在某种程度上。根据前文“A frosty wind circled, a(n) .”以及南极环境的极端和多变特性可知，天气变化可以非常迅速，在“转瞬间”发生。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管冰原看起来坚固，但其冰盖一直处于运动之中。A. evolution进化；B. consumption消耗；C. motion运动；D. progression进展。“Although”引导让步状语从句，与上文“the icy plain looked solid”坚固的冰原形成对比，冰盖并非静止不动，而是持续处于“运动”和变化状态。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一排排蓝红色的旗帜在这个危险区域标出了一条安全路径。A. strengthened加强；B. marked标记；C. decorated装饰；D. crossed穿过。根据前文描述的冰原上潜在的危险，以及“safe path”和“dangerous zone”的对比可知，这些旗帜的作用是“标记”出安全的路线。故选B项。 13．考查介词辨析。句意：接近企鹅是违反规定的。A. for为了；B. among在……之中；C. against反对，违反；D. of……的。根据后文“So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her.”可知，规定不允许主动靠近企鹅，只能等待，因此主动接近是“违反”规定；against the rules意为“违反规定”。故选C项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她屏住呼吸，全神贯注于那只摇摇摆摆向她走来的企鹅，并希望它继续过来。A. considered考虑；B. permitted允许；C. willed希望，想要；D. forced强迫。根据前文“So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her”可知，她不能主动靠近企鹅，所以当企鹅向她走来时，她只能在内心“希望”它走得更近一些。故选C项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快这只鸟就站在她面前，它的眼睛与她的眼睛齐平。A. level水平的，齐平的；B. parallel平行的；C. opposite相反的；D. equal相等的。根据前文“Soon the bird stood just in front of her”可知，企鹅站在她正前方，双方距离很近，目光相接，描述两者目光高度一致常用“level with(与……齐平)”。故选A项。 16．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无意中，她倚着吹来的风，跟着这只鸟在冰上走得更远，离开了站点。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Reluctantly不情愿地；C. Intentionally故意地；D. Unconsciously无意识地，不知不觉地。根据后文“followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station”以及前文“So sweet!”她对企鹅的着迷可推知，她可能是在“无意识”中被吸引而走远，并非刻意违反安全规定。故选D项。 17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她压破冰层，就会掉进冰裂缝，那里甚至没人能找到她。A. broke out爆发；B. broke down崩溃，出故障；C. broke in闯入；D. broke through突破，冲破。根据前文她躺在薄冰上以及“Crunch! She dropped a little lower.”冰层发出碎裂声可知，如果她继续施压导致冰层彻底“破裂”，就会坠入裂缝。故选D项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后风停了。A. died消失，停止；B. followed跟随；C. returned返回；D. worsened恶化。根据后文“In a sudden quiet”可知，环境突然安静下来，之前呼啸的风“停止”了。故选A项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她周围的冰面像蜘蛛网一样裂开。A. declined下降；B. spiderwebbed呈蛛网状裂开；C. melted融化；D. accumulated积累。根据前文她处于薄冰之上，冰面脆弱，结合空前“Cracks”可知，裂纹可能呈放射状或网状蔓延，“spiderwebbed”生动地描绘了这种形态。故选B项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她将双臂像翅膀一样摊开在冰上，保持身体平直，将体重分散在脆弱的冰面上。A. flexible灵活的；B. flat平的，平直的；C. twisted扭曲的；D. bent弯曲的。根据后文“spreading her weight across the fragile surface”可知，为了最大化分散压力，防止冰面破裂，身体需要尽可能保持“平直”贴于冰面。故选B项。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她腹部着地向前推进，一点一点地挪动。A. rushing冲；B. sliding滑行；C. inching缓慢移动，一点一点挪动；D. diving潜水。根据前文冰面脆弱如蛛网和“fragile surface”的描述可知，她不可能快速移动，只能极其缓慢地、“一点一点地”前进。故选C项。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Elaine跟在后面艰难地爬行，专注于跟随企鹅的路径，忘记了时间。A. losing track of失去对……的跟踪，忘记；B. losing control of失去对……的控制；C. taking note of注意到；D. running out of用完。根据后文“as she focused on following the penguin’s path”可知，她全神贯注于求生和跟随，完全投入其中，因而“忘记了”时间的流逝。故选A项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，Elaine双臂最后用力一拉，跟着她的企鹅爬到了坚实、洁白的冰面上。A. raise举起；B. wave挥动；C. shake摇动；D. pull拉，拽。根据前文她“spread her arms on the ice like wings”的姿势以及腹部着地爬行的状态，从脆弱的冰面边缘爬上坚实的冰面，很可能需要手臂最后“拉”或“牵引”一下身体来完成这个动作。故选D项。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $