专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题（知识清单）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦阅读理解主旨大意题，系统涵盖标题归纳题、文章大意题、段落大意题三大核心考点，每个考点包含设题形式、设题特点、解题技巧三方面知识，并配套高考例题分析与专题实战练习，搭建完整复习框架。 清单以知识脑图梳理专题脉络，考点分层突破重难点，如标题归纳题详解关键词法、主题句法等解题技巧，结合2025天津卷真题案例深度剖析，培养学生语言理解与表达能力及逻辑归纳思维品质。优题精练精选多地区模拟题，助力学生强化实战应用，教师可据此精准把握考点，提升复习效率。

清单09 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 标题归纳题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 考点二 文章大意题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 考点三 段落大意题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 2026年阅读理解题量统计 题型/题量 全国I 全国II 北京 浙江1月 细节理解题 9 9 6 10 推理判断题 5 3 6 4 词义猜测题 1 1 1 1 主旨大意题 0 2 1 0 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。判断主旨大意一定要根据文章的关键词句，从积极或中立的角度考虑段落大意题，正确选项关键词应该概括全段信息，关键词概括全文大意，要关注文章体裁以及组织结构，关注首尾段澄清，理清文章中心 考点一 标题归纳题 1. 设问形式 Which is the best title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text? Which of the following can be the best title/ the most suitable title for the passage? 2. 设题特点 标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达，主要考查学考学生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力。要求考生在理解文章的基础上，运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行题类或者高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 3. 解题技巧 关键词法，反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词。 主题句法，根据文章主题句确定中心词，充当标题. 选珠连串法，分析文章细节，确定共同点,穿珠引线的主旨，确定标题。 逆向法，根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项 高考例题分析 例1(2025·天津·高考)Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation(培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative(叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis(假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】 B 【详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 例2(2025·天津·高考)My great grandmother received the dollhouse(玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures(缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic(阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing(布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B. Growing up with the Dollhouse C. The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D. Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 【答案】C 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. (事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy (玩具小屋：不仅仅是一个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 考点二 文章大意题 1. 设问形式 What is the main theme/ topic/idea of the passage? What does the text mainly focus on? The passage is mainly about… The main idea of the passage is… What does the story mainly tell us? 2. 设题特点 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把某个段落的主题句综合起来，就可以概括出全文的中心思想 3. 解题技巧 主题句在文章开头。新闻报道和调查研究类文章中，主旨通常在开头部分；如首段主题句语言精炼，中间段多角度说明或论证，并且与尾段主题句呼应，则首段主题句是全文主题句。 主题句在文末，夹叙夹议类的记叙，文末的议论都可能隐含主题句；主题句在中间段落 文章首段是举例子或者谈论个别现象时，主题句则在后面的段落；主题句是归纳的，主题句不明确的时候，归纳每一段主题句，整合为全文大意；最后观点为主题句 文章中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点，则文章最后作者的观点为主题句。 ( 注意重复词，文章中反复出现的词一般就是体现主旨的关键词，我们要留意转折词， But, yet, however, although, by contrast, on the contrary 这些词语短语的内容往往是全文的大意 。 逆向排除法，利用逆向法和逻辑排他法排除选项中的错误选项，确定正确答案。 ) 高考例题分析 例3(2025·天津·高考)There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours(气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory(跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal(鼻子的) intelligence. 3. What does the passage focus on? A. How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B. How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C. How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D. How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. 【答案】B 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers.(事实上，人类是敏感的嗅觉动物)”结合文章围绕嗅觉展开，核心论述嗅觉并非独立运作，而是结合视觉、听觉、情绪等其他感官，通过预测、评估等过程发挥作用。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是嗅觉是如何通过与其他感官的相互作用而发挥作用的。故选B。 考点三 段落大意题 1. 设问形式 What does the author /writer tell us in paragraph? The first/ second paragraph is mainly about… 2. 设题特点 段落大意主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确并且完整地表达出来的能力。我们在做题目的时候要特别注意首尾兼顾及所问段落的首句和尾句。 3. 解题技巧 结构为总分总或者总分结构的时候，段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是例子或论证，常出现在说明文和议论文当中； 结构是分总式，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进的细节表述，段尾才是段落主题句； 结构是分总分式段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得出结论，这个结论就是段落主题句，后面的内容只是继续或拓展该结论； 结构是无主题句式，段落虽无主题句，但可通过一些关键词或相似结构归纳出段落主题句。 高考例题分析 (2015·上海·高考真题) The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy. Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it. The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny. To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it! In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about? A. The introduction to the leading roles. B. The writer’s opinion of acting. C. The writer’s comments on the story. D. The background information. 【答案】D 【详解】段落大意题。根据第一分“The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.(《人兔的诅咒》(2005)是导演尼克·帕克和史蒂夫·博克斯制作的第一部全长电影，他们用神奇的黏土角色华莱士和格罗米特制作了电影。它在2006年获得了奥斯卡奖，如果你看过它，你就会明白为什么。这绝对是一部精彩的卡通喜剧)”可知，此处介绍了这部电影的人物角色，导演，获得荣誉以及其他相关的信息，这些是该电影的背景信息，故选D。 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测)Coastal dunes are sand hills that form naturally along ocean shores across the globe. They appear where there is plenty of fine sand, regular onshore wind, and open space for sand to slowly build up. Along the United States coastlines, most dunes spread widely across the Atlantic and Gulf shores, with smaller scattered groups on the Pacific coast. These landforms are far more than lifeless sand piles; they are dynamic natural systems that shift and change with seasonal wind and tides. Most importantly, they act as a natural protective bank for inland areas against fierce storm waves and slowly rising seas. Three key elements work together to build a coastal dune. First, there must be a steady supply of loose sand, carried to the shore by ocean waves and tides. Second, steady wind must blow across the open beach to lift and move sand grains inland. Third, low-growing coastal plants must be present to trap sand and slow wind near the ground. Without this plant cover, wind would blow sand straight past the beach and no dune would take shape. Each part of this process depends fully on the others to keep the whole system working properly. A developed dune has clear layers from bottom to top. The base is made of wet, tightly packed sand that stays firmly in place even in strong winds. Above it is a loose middle layer, where sand moves and changes shape most often with daily wind. The top layer is held by deep plant roots and forms a stable surface for other plants to grow. This special structure lets the dune both grow in size over time and survive regular wind storms. It also stores rainwater and feeds small underground water flows near the coastal shore. Coastal dunes support a surprising amount of unique wildlife. Special drought-resistant plants, tiny insects and even rare small birds make their homes on sheltered dune slopes. Beyond wildlife habitat, dunes provide critical protection for nearby coastal towns and farmland. During large winter storms, dunes absorb the full force of incoming waves and greatly reduce inland flooding. They also slow coastal damage by keeping beach sand from being washed permanently out to sea. Today, many coastal dune systems are badly damaged by human activities. Building homes directly on dunes, driving vehicles on open beaches, and removing dune plants all break down these fragile natural systems. Protecting dunes is not just about saving wild plants and animals; it is about protecting coastal communities from growing storm and flood risks. Understanding how dunes form and function helps us make wiser choices for coastal land use and long-term environmental safety. 1. What can we learn about coastal dunes from Paragraph 1? A. They never change with tides. B. They spread across all US shores. C. They are made by humans. D. They protect inland from storms. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Wind is the only key factor. B. Plants can move sand grains. C. Dunes need three key conditions. D. Waves carry sand away inland. 3. What does the word “packed” most probably mean in Paragraph 3? A. Pressed firmly and closely together. B. Blown slowly by strong wind. C. Washed gradually by sea waves. D. Grown slowly under the ground. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Dunes are totally destroyed now. B. Dune protection is very important. C. Human activities harm dunes little. D. Coastal storms will disappear soon. Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟)Many popular programs promise to increase happiness, but they often require more time and effort than busy people can manage. As a result, most of us find it hard to stick to such demanding routines. This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out? To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. These acts included listing things they felt grateful for, performing an act of kindness, or watching an inspiring video. Each day, people reported how they felt both before and after the activity, which allowed researchers to track changes in their emotions. The results, based on data from participants from more than 200 countries and regions, showed encouraging changes. After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life. People with fewer resources or lower social status often reported an even stronger sense of well-being. The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior(亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. In particular, groups that initially showed less prosocial tendency, such as those in less wealthy regions, demonstrated the most significant growth in this respect. The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, these micro-moments of joy provide a practical and powerful way to help people feel lighter, more connected and more satisfied with life. 5. Why was the Big Joy Project launched? A. To compare different acts of kindness. B. To seek an easier way to enhance happiness. C. To test popular long-term happiness programs. D. To promote major changes in people’s lifestyles. 6. What can we learn about the study results? A. Small acts made a difference. B. Happier people did more micro-acts. C. Prosocial growth centered on rich regions. D. Higher status contributed to stronger gains. 7. What is the main function of paragraph 4? A. To present further findings. B. To detail the research process. C. To draw the core conclusion. D. To offer practical suggestions. 8. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Prosocial Behavior: A Path to Happiness B. Micro-Acts: Small Steps to Greater Happiness C. Big Joy Project: A Strategy for Lifelong Happiness D. Happiness: From Major Achievements to Daily Life Passage 3 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟)The common fear that a friend secretly dislikes us often reflects internal insecurities rather than actual ill will. People frequently interpret neutral or unclear behaviors — such as brief text replies or delayed responses — as signs of rejection. Even well-meaning words of comfort like “no worries” may be perceived as mocking(嘲笑的) or insincere. This tendency can be explained through what is known as the fawn response, a behavioral pattern less recognized than the “fight or flight” reaction. The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe, a strategy often developed in childhood when facing critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or an unstable home environment. While this strategy may ease conflict temporarily, it can also lead to a habitual cycle of approval-seeking. We might intellectually understand that a friend isn’t upset with us — but those “old ways of being” bite hard. Something was learned early on: “I need to try harder and do more to be loved.” This pattern has several consequences. On the personal level, it fuels anxiety, as individuals repeatedly question whether they have offended their peers. On the interpersonal level, it can hurt relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about. In this way, assuming everyone is annoyed with you can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that closeness can survive difference. Learning to tolerate discomfort, rather than avoiding it at all costs, can foster both toughness and closeness. Social media, unfortunately, worsens social anxiety. The absence of nonverbal cues(信号) makes it easy to misinterpret tone, while the constant visibility of online interactions can intensify feelings of exclusion or neglect. Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort. Instead of seeking immediate reassurance, individuals can pause to ask: Am I truly being rejected, or am I simply anxious? Developing tolerance for uncertainty can interrupt the cycle and reduce dependence on others’ approval. Trust also plays a role. When friends say they are simply busy or distracted, accept their words at face value. After all, no question or magic phrase can control another person’s perception. Even if it could, you might be robbing yourself of opportunities to grow, learn or deepen a bond. 9. What can we learn about the fawn response? A. It arises from people’s need to escape real physical danger. B. It develops after people get used to endless approval-seeking. C. It is intended to prevent conflicts from ever emerging in advance. D. It is characterized by trying to please others to secure inner safety. 10. What does “a self-fulfilling prophecy” in paragraph 3 mean? A. A belief that one is self-made. B. A prediction that is certain to fail. C. An outcome that happens as feared. D. A pattern that tries to entertain others. 11. According to the author, conflict in a relationship can be ______. A. a way to test its toughness B. a sign of a growing disagreement C. a problem that should be avoided D. a chance to strengthen a friendship 12. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Where friendship problems lie. B. Why magic words fail to do wonders. C. What one can do to handle social anxieties. D. What leads people to seek constant reassurance. Passage 4 (2026届贵州中央民族大学附属中学贵阳学校第二学期高三年级模拟)A new study on 26 chimpanzees(黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognise family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation. The participating chimpanzees were given juice while sitting at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the screen chimp for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye-tracking camera recorded where each chimpanzee was looking and for how long. Data showed their eyes spent more time staring at the pictures of their former companions. There is also evidence that they became more intimate when shown a picture of a chimpanzee with whom they’d had more positive interactions, compared with conflicting relationships. In the most impressive case, a 46-year-old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn’t seen more than 26 years. The team said Louise’s results represented the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date. “We tend to see ourselves as unique special creatures with incredible intellectual (智力的) capacity that are very different from other animals on earth,” said Laura Simone Lewis, a postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley’s psychology department and lead author of the study. “This study is showing us how similar we are to chimpanzees.” She noted that the findings support the theory that chimps have long term social memory in humans and modern-day chimps had our “last common ancestor” that lived somewhere between 5 to 7 million years ago who also likely had long-term social memory. Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long-term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they’re no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn’t determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they have the ability to do so,” Lewis said. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The nature of chimps. B. The method of the study. C. The analysis of the recorded data. D. The layout of experimental equipment. 14. What does the underlined word “intense” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Attentive. B. Doubtful. C. Hesitant. D. Emotional. 15. Why is the example of Louise in paragraph 4 mentioned? A. To stress chimps as intelligent as human beings. B. To explain where chimps’ social memory comes from. C. To better demonstrate the chimps’ memory length. D. To further prove the existence of chimps’ social memory. 16. What will the research team most probably continue to explore? A. Whether chimps feel strong emotions to their long lost friends. B. How to strengthen chimps’ long-term social connections. C. How chimps recognise their close contacts after long separation. D. Why chimps possess the amazing social memories. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度安徽芜湖市第一中学高三下学期最后一卷)Despite advances in digital technology, no virtual platform has yet solved the problem of physical presence. While virtual tours have gained popularity, many users acknowledge that viewing an object through a screen fundamentally changes their perception. Features such as texture, weight, and scale are inevitably affected by a flat image. This sensory gap suggests that digital representations, however advanced, remain imperfect substitutes for direct engagement. Beyond these sensory limitations, technological and economic barriers further complicate the ideal of universal access. A virtual museum that relies on virtual reality headsets, high-speed network, or recently released devices may unknowingly exclude individuals with older hardware or unstable connections. Moreover, digital preservation introduces challenges different from those associated with physical collections. Websites become outdated, software platforms are discontinued, and file formats fall out of use. Whereas a physical museum demands structural maintenance, a virtual one requires continuous migration of data and updating of systems — a commitment often underestimated. Trust also poses a significant concern. In a virtual environment — particularly one operated by individuals or small organizations — viewers may find it difficult to determine whether an image faithfully represents the original or merely offers a loosely sourced picture accompanied by incomplete documentation. Clear origin notes and transparent labeling can mitigate such concerns, yet skepticism remains a reasonable response. Interestingly, the museum term “deaccessioning”(藏品注销) also fits private collectors who want to sell or give away their collections. Virtual museums and digital catalogs are very helpful for them. When collectors make clear digital records, they sort out key details: where they got the items, sizes, condition and related materials. These records are greatly useful for their family inheritors who know little about the collection. They also help museums decide whether to accept the donated items. Even if the collection is later divided up, the digital record keeps its original order and value, so its hidden meaning and logical connection will not disappear. 17. What does the author point out about virtual tours in paragraph 1? A. They rely heavily on advanced equipment. B. They are preferred by most museum visitors. C. They fail to convey certain physical qualities. D. They improve the resolution of digital images. 18. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mitigate”? A. Reduce. B. Ignore. C. Identify. D. Create. 19. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about private collectors? A. They prefer to keep their collections complete. B. They underestimate the value of documentation. C. They can benefit a lot from creating digital records. D. They often rely on digital list to sell their collections. 20. Which statement best summarizes the main idea of the text? A. Digital technology has transformed museum experiences. B. Virtual museums face limitations in accessibility and authenticity. C. Private collectors benefit more from digitization than museums do. D. Physical museums are superior to virtual alternatives in every aspect. Passage 6 (2026届广东省深圳市中荟高级中学有限公司模拟预测)Drones(无人机) already fly and spy. Now, they can build too. A pair of drones working together made a tower taller than a person. Engineers demonstrated this new method of 3D printing in the lab. Mirko Kovac, who co-led the research, says that animal builders, bees, inspired him. They shared their success in Nature on September 22. To print that person-sized tower, a Build-Drone carried expanding foam(泡沫). This material rapidly expands and hardens when sprayed (喷洒). The drone flew in a slow circle, spraying the foam downwards to form layers. When it ran out of material, it flew away so a person could reload it with more foam or replace the drone’s batteries. This type of foam tends to thicken unevenly. So, while a Build-Drone was being reloaded, a second, smaller drone surveyed the work. It was called Scan-Drone. It looked for places where the last layer was too thin or thick. Then it created a plan for the next layer to help even things out. This kept the tower straight and strong. “This was an impressive demonstration,” says Andrea Tagliabue, who wasn’t involved in the research. As a graduate student in robotics at MIT, Tagliabue works on control systems for drones. However, he notes that the researchers still have challenges left to solve before 3D printing drones are useful in the real world. “Since these drones built structures inside a lab, they didn’t have to contend with wind or other outdoor disturbances. Also, cameras placed around the room could help track the drones’ position s and send them along the correct paths. Outdoors, the drones would have to navigate without this extra help,” says Tagliabue. Kovac is already planning to do tests outdoors. He also plans to build more complex structures. He believes that drones can work together like bees in the future, and they will construct buildings or make repairs in places that are tough for human crews and heavy machinery to reach. “That may include disaster areas, the tops of tall buildings or even other planets,” Kovac says. “There’s a lot of interest in building on Mars with robots.” 21. How did the drones make the tower stay straight? A. They used hard and strong material. B. They sprayed the foam downwards. C. They cooperated in keeping a balance in layer thickness. D. They thickened layers by adding more and more foam. 22. What does the underlined phrase “contend with” mean in paragraph 3? A. Rule out. B. Compete with. C. Give out. D. Deal with. 23. What does Kovac think about the Build-Drones? A. They are full of promise. B. They are widely in use now. C. They can’t replace humans. D. They can’t do complex tasks. 24. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Drones Can Think and Learn like People B. Drones Work Together to Print Structures C. 3D Printing Will Change the Business World D. 3D Printing: Everything You Need to Know Passage 7 (2026届云南省红河州、文山州高三第四次州统测三模)Over the course of the 1990s, an average of 20.5 million American children ages 7 to 17hopped on a bike six or more times a year. Now such scenes are rare. Data from an authoritative association prove that number has fallen by nearly half, to about 10.9 million in 2023, with under5% riding “frequently”. With this decline, kids are losing more than a potential mode of transport. Biking supports children’s independence and overall health in a way that many activities cannot. Also, it’s much more affordable especially if you buy a used bike. Kids aren’t the only ones who benefit when they start getting around on two wheels. The research has shown that when children ride a bike in the open, parents feel more of a connection to their neighbors, and many people begin to feel safer. As fewer kids go out, however, all those benefits are gone. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the National Center for Safe Routes to School, said kids do want to bike, but conditions on many streets don’t exactly inspire confidence. The traffic in their neighborhood makes riding too dangerous or that their parents won’t let them go on their own. In many places, this fear is well founded. American roadways have gotten faster and busier. And over the past 30 years, the average U. S. passenger vehicle has gotten larger and heavier. These machines can be much more intimidating to people on bikes. Children need space to bike. By adding more bike-friendly infrastructure(基础设施) — lower traffic speeds, separated bike lanes, calmer crossroads — local governments could encourage children and other residents to start riding again. In the interim(临时), teaching children how to share the road with drivers is mostly up to caregivers. Finding safe-enough spots for practice might be tough in some cities. But with a little creativity, parents can track down dead ends, streets closed to cars, unused parking lots, or parks with paved pathways to let their kids spread out and find their bearings in relatively calm surroundings. 25. What might happen with the decline in children’s biking? A. Weakened children’s well- being. B. Improved children’s independence. C. Strengthened neighborhood social ties. D. Lessened American household expenses. 26. What does the underlined word “intimidating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Familiar. B. Attractive. C. Terrifying. D. Interesting. 27. Which of the following statements would Nancy Pullen-Seufert most probably agree with? A. Larger vehicles have little impact on cyclists’ safety. B. Parental permission is the only barrier to kids cycling. C. Safer street designs could help restore children’s cycling. D. Children have lost interest in cycling as a leisure activity. 28. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Who to blame? B. Where to bike? C. What to come? D. How to change? Passage 8 (2025-2026学年度江苏宿迁青华中学高三最后一卷)Books were stamped with “Human Authored” logos(标识) at this week’s London Book Fair. The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace”. Visitors to the fair were also given copies of Don’t Steal This Book， a collection of 10，000 writers including Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro and Richard Osman, in which the pages are completely blank. The back cover states: “The UK government must not legalize book theft to benefit AI companies.” The empty book is a protest against AI companies using copyrighted works without permission or payment to train their models and against UK government proposals that could legalize this practice. Organized by Ed Newton-Rex, a composer and copyright campaigner， the project has drawn vast support from the literary world. The AI industry is “built on stolen work”. “This is a crime that has victims,” he added, “Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on, taking away their livelihoods.” The protest comes just a week before the UK government is due to publish an economic impact assessment of proposed changes to copyright law. The government initially proposed a system, under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission – an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. Only 3% of people surveyed backed the plan. The government dropped it but is now considering a “commercial research exception” that would still allow AI companies to use works without approval for commercial training. For the authors behind Don’t Steal This Book, the blank pages are a powerful symbol: they represent the future of writing if AI companies continue to use creative work without payment - a world where authors are left with nothing. As the Society of Authors put it, the empty book is just a band-aid fix - but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity, not commercial greed. 29. Why were the books stamped with “Human Authored” logos? A. To introduce promising authors. B. To promote newly-published works. C. To show public sympathy for authors. D. To fight AI stealing copyrighted works. 30. What does the underlined word “victims” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Human writers. B. Literary campaigners. C. Ordinary readers. D. Generative AI developers. 31. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The protest weakens UK’s economy. B. The UK government favors AI firms. C. Copyright law enjoys public support. D. AI firms prioritize commercial profits. 32. How does the Society of Authors view the empty book? A. It is a win-win deal. B. It is a game changer. C. It is a well-intentioned failure. D. It is a temporary measure. Passage 9 (2026届广东佛山市顺德高三考前保温试题)In January 2024, near Dominica, I encountered a sperm whale named Pinchy. As she sank into the deep, I realized that despite our shared mammalian need for air, we lived in entirely separate worlds. As a scientist studying whale communication, I wondered what whales might tell me if I could understand what she was saying? My research has learned that sperm whales have a remarkably sophisticated communication system — one that may even resemble a form of language. This discovery has been made possible thanks to the use of technology itself, especially artificial intelligence. This might seem contradictory. In our technology-driven civilization, doesn’t technology often make us more distant from the natural world? Yet what I’ve come to know is that technology and nature do not exist in a zero-sum relationship, where the rise of one side is the downfall of the other. Instead, these tools can give humans an opportunity to feel more connected to nature. This view took years to fully form. In recent work, when AI technologies began to predict words and form sentences on their own, my colleagues and I work with computer scientists to test if these models could analyze sperm whale codas(嗒嗒声). In a pilot study, AI successfully identified different coda types, whale family groups and even individual whales with over 90% accuracy. This gave rise to Project CETI, an initiative where 50 biologists, AI experts and linguists work together to decode whale communication. Our latest study shows that sperm whales produce sounds similar to human vowels. Later this year, we will release an AI system that can translate human audio into whale-like sounds — allowing humans, for the first time, to potentially experience what it might be like to interact with a whale in its own language. The potential is profound. Truly understanding whale ‌“language” would not only rewrite biology textbooks, but also fundamentally challenge our human-centered worldview. Just as Copernicus showed that Earth was not the center of the universe, we hope our work could mark a similar shift — a recognition that we are not the only beings with rich internal and communal lives. To me, this is the real potential promise of AI: not to make us faster or more efficient, but to make us wiser. 33. What can be inferred from the author’s discussion of technology and nature? A. As technology rises, nature falls. B. Technology separates humans from nature. C. Technology and nature are mutually beneficial. D. Technology leads to the destruction of nature. 34. What is the primary goal of Project CETI? A. To classify different whale species. B. To use AI to understand whale communication. C. To study the behavior of whales in the wild. D. To train whale to communicate with humans. 35. Why does the author mention Copernicus in paragraph 6? A. To highlight a cognitive shift through comparison. B. To criticize traditional views of human centrality. C. To show the project is as complex as astronomy. D. To stress the importance of scientific discoveries. 36. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. AI: A Double-edged Sword in Modern Science B. Whale Communication: The Discovery of “Vowels” C. Sperm Whales: The Intelligent Creatures in the Ocean D. Talking to Whales: AI Bridges the Gap Between Species Passage 10 (2025-2026学年度广东东山中学高三第二学期第三次适应性考试)People often grumble that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge(烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. Until recently, museums only have to worry about traditional materials. “We know how to approach the restoration of paintings, books, and materials like wood, metals, and glass,” says Anna Laganà, a research specialist at the Getty Conservation Institute. “But for plastics, our knowledge is still limited.” Tonkin, now a doctoral researcher in fashion conservation at Nottingham Trent University, agrees. “We’re now trying to figure out how to preserve plastics,” she says. Nearly every museum in the world has plastic items, and even well-cared-for objects can fall apart alarmingly quickly. Museums are doing everything they can to save culturally important items from similar fates. But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common. We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future. Future archaeologists looking at what’s left from the 21st century will probably find lots of poisonous waste, along with plenty of plastic trash. But if museum preservation efforts succeed, maybe those scholars will also see that plastic items today can be culturally meaningful — and even cherished. 37. What is the main challenge for museums mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Collecting water bottles and shopping bags. B. Handling the extremely durable plastic trash. C. Preserving plastic objects that degrade easily. D. Restoring traditional materials like wood and glass. 38. What can we know about the preservation of plastics from the text? A. It faces increasing difficulties in the future. B. It has been completely mastered by researchers. C. It is easier than restoring traditional paintings. D. It mainly focuses on biodegradable plastic items. 39. What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey? A. Future archaeologists will only see plastic trash from the 21st century. B. Museums’ efforts on plastics may shape how future generations view us. C. Plastic items today are widely considered meaningful objects. D. Poisonous waste will prevent museums from preserving plastic objects. 40. Where can this passage be found? A. In a history textbook. B. In a fashion magazine. C. In a science report. D. In a science fiction book. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单09 阅读理解之主旨大意题 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02 考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 标题归纳题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 考点二 文章大意题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 考点三 段落大意题 知识点1. 设题形式； 知识点2. 设题特点； 知识点3. 解题技巧； 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研●知能分层突破 2026年阅读理解题量统计 题型/题量 全国I 全国II 北京 浙江1月 细节理解题 9 9 6 10 推理判断题 5 3 6 4 词义猜测题 1 1 1 1 主旨大意题 0 2 1 0 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在快速中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。判断主旨大意一定要根据文章的关键词句，从积极或中立的角度考虑段落大意题，正确选项关键词应该概括全段信息，关键词概括全文大意，要关注文章体裁以及组织结构，关注首尾段澄清，理清文章中心 考点一 标题归纳题 1. 设问形式 Which is the best title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text? Which of the following can be the best title/ the most suitable title for the passage? 2. 设题特点 标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达，主要考查学考学生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力。要求考生在理解文章的基础上，运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行题类或者高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 3. 解题技巧 关键词法，反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词。 主题句法，根据文章主题句确定中心词，充当标题. 选珠连串法，分析文章细节，确定共同点,穿珠引线的主旨，确定标题。 逆向法，根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项 高考例题分析 例1(2025·天津·高考)Ask most people what “the good life” involves, and they will likely draw up a rapid list of goods — money, friendship, a rewarding career, etc. Even Aristotle, who believed that the key to happiness is the cultivation(培养) and exercise of virtue, still thought certain goods were either necessary conditions for happiness or were goods that came to virtuous people. If we’re comparing how happy various people’s lives are, it seems natural to look for certain goods, and compare who has more of them. Let’s imagine the lives of two actors, Toby and Ybot. Toby struggles to get work for many years, suffering all sorts of difficulties. He becomes a famous and wealthy actor, and wins an Oscar for his final movie before retiring. Ybot, however, wins an Oscar for his very first film role. But over time he becomes less famous and less well paid, and he begins to suffer difficulties. In the end, he retires as a nobody. These two actors’ lives, like their names, are mirror-images. Toby and Ybot both seem to lead lives of equal net worth. Yet most of us would think that the ordering of these goods does make a decisive difference to how we compare Toby and Ybot’s careers. Someone who climbs a mountain will experience more struggle than someone who gets carried to the peak by bus, but the climber will also have a sense of accomplishment the other person may well envy. In that sense, we might think Toby’s life is better because his highs seem more well-earned than Ybot’s do. But that’s not the whole story. The narrative(叙述) itself seems to make a difference. A life of early success followed by decline seems like a less overall successful life than one where success comes later in the day. Where the story ends seems to matter in itself. We value happy endings, not just happy moments. This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis(假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order. The hypothesis suggests that our lives are not simply bags into which we stuff good things and bad things. The type of life — the narrative of that life-story — matters too. Without the right shape, even a life full of wondrous things can end up as a tale we’d prefer not to live out. 1. What could be the best title for the passage? A. To Shape Your Life with Good Deeds. B. Defining the Shape of a Good Life. C. The Essential Components of Good Life. D. How We Can Have a Good Shape of Life. 【答案】 B 【详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“This immediate judgment finds expression in what’s been called the “shape of life” hypothesis (假说). On this view, living a good life is not simply about having the right kind of experiences or life-events, but of having them in the right order.(这种直接的判断体现在所谓的“生活形态”假说中。从这个观点来看，过上美好的生活不仅仅是拥有正确的经历或生活事件，而是以正确的顺序拥有它们)”可知，文章主要讨论了何为“美好生活”的形态，即美好生活不仅关乎经历的内容，还关乎经历的顺序。因此，B选项“Defining the Shape of a Good Life(定义美好生活的形态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 例2(2025·天津·高考)My great grandmother received the dollhouse(玩具小屋) from a family friend back in the late 1800s. It was then passed down from generation to generation. I was seven when I discovered it underneath the tree on Christmas morning. In our house, Mom set up a sewing area. I sat at her sewing machine, my feet barely reaching the presser foot. Mom bent over me, her hands on mine, gently guiding small bits of cloth under the needle to create dollhouse bedding. She also taught me to make mini-blankets. With a little paint and glue, Mom demonstrated that anything could be turned into dollhouse furniture. I learnt to view the world as a place of possibility. I spent hours of my girlhood sitting before my dollhouse, telling made-up stories, and creating miniatures(缩微模型). But eventually school activities took over, and the dollhouse was moved to the attic(阁楼). Over the next 40 years, the storytelling skills I’d practiced with the dollhouse grew into novel writing skills, and I developed a career as an author. One day, after hours of working on my fourth book, I took a break by surfing the Internet and happened to notice the beautiful dollhouses people posted on social media. They reminded me of mine. I went to the attic, brought it back to my room and started updating it. During the mindless hours of sewing and furnishing(布置家具), I listened to audiobooks about the history of dollhouses, learning that they were not invented for play. There’s a long, rich history of people in hardship turning to dollhouses to find comfort. They weren’t produced as toys until mass production became standard after 1945. This inspired me to create a novel where art saves the day. The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. Mom didn’t find it strange at all that her 50-year-old daughter was updating the dollhouse. She just thought it fun and beautiful. And it was. It was a world where Mom and I were at our best together. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Dollhouse: A Lifelong Toy B. Growing up with the Dollhouse C. The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy D. Dollhouse Making and Novel Writing 【答案】C 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The truth was I myself needed art to save the day. Mom was then slipping away from me owing to progressive memory loss. The only topic we could discuss with any genuine joy was the update of the dollhouse. She loved retelling its history — those old memories. (事实是我自己也需要艺术来拯救这一天。当时，由于记忆力逐渐衰退，妈妈正从我身边溜走。我们唯一能真正愉快地讨论的话题就是玩具小屋的更新。她喜欢重述它的历史——那些古老的记忆。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与玩具小屋之间的故事，玩具小屋不仅仅是玩具，它承载了作者和母亲的美好回忆和情感，C项“The Dollhouse: More Than Just a Toy (玩具小屋：不仅仅是一个玩具)”概括文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选C项。 考点二 文章大意题 1. 设问形式 What is the main theme/ topic/idea of the passage? What does the text mainly focus on? The passage is mainly about… The main idea of the passage is… What does the story mainly tell us? 2. 设题特点 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把某个段落的主题句综合起来，就可以概括出全文的中心思想 3. 解题技巧 主题句在文章开头。新闻报道和调查研究类文章中，主旨通常在开头部分；如首段主题句语言精炼，中间段多角度说明或论证，并且与尾段主题句呼应，则首段主题句是全文主题句。 主题句在文末，夹叙夹议类的记叙，文末的议论都可能隐含主题句；主题句在中间段落 文章首段是举例子或者谈论个别现象时，主题句则在后面的段落；主题句是归纳的，主题句不明确的时候，归纳每一段主题句，整合为全文大意；最后观点为主题句 文章中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点，则文章最后作者的观点为主题句。 ( 注意重复词，文章中反复出现的词一般就是体现主旨的关键词，我们要留意转折词， But, yet, however, although, by contrast, on the contrary 这些词语短语的内容往往是全文的大意 。 逆向排除法，利用逆向法和逻辑排他法排除选项中的错误选项，确定正确答案。 ) 高考例题分析 例3(2025·天津·高考)There is something about wine experts that annoys people. Wine tasting has become the best example of a privileged group who spend their days nose deep in a glass of fine wine. This negative view of wine experts isn’t only misguided, but part of a general devaluation of our sense of smell. Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers. A decade ago, researchers discovered that humans can often detect odours(气味) at a weaker concentration than animals can, outperforming most other animals except dogs. Ethyl mercaptan, a chemical added to natural gas so we can detect leaks, requires the amount equal to just three drops in a space the size of an Olympic swimming pool for us to detect it. It is true that our sense of smell is different from our other senses. While our brains are superb at performing visual analyses, the human sense of smell creates overall impressions of our surroundings, informed by all our senses. When we perceive a smell, we interpret it based also on what we see, hear, think and feel. For example, hunger or the bodily memory of an illness might create opposite reactions to the same food smell. These cross-sensory(跨感官的) influences on our smell perceptions might seem like a shortcoming, but it is rather a feature, not a problem. The brain is especially engaged in making predictions about future smells, and when those predictions are violated by a surprising smell, several regions across the brain respond in an effort to re-evaluate what we are actually smelling. Wine experts are great at making smell predictions. A pale ruby-red colour might guide the expert to smell out apple or strawberry in a fine wine. The sense of smell evolved in natural environments where the senses had to work together to find potential food sources and remember the consequences of eating them. The competence of wine tasters is fuelled by their knowledge of sensory correspondences. Smells link together impressions from all the senses, connecting them to our internal states: hunger, emotions, memories and expectations. That is why the loss of the ability to smell often leaves people depressed with a bad appetite and a lack of enjoyment from eating and drinking. Smelling makes us live our life more vividly. Spending more time among the smells of nature is an excellent way to increase our nasal(鼻子的) intelligence. 3. What does the passage focus on? A. How the sense of smell assists the working of other senses. B. How the sense of smell functions by involving other senses. C. How all the senses operate together to bring us a vivid world. D. How we can train ourselves to be sensitive smellers. 【答案】B 【详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Humans are, in fact, sensitive smellers.(事实上，人类是敏感的嗅觉动物)”结合文章围绕嗅觉展开，核心论述嗅觉并非独立运作，而是结合视觉、听觉、情绪等其他感官，通过预测、评估等过程发挥作用。由此可知，这篇文章的重点是嗅觉是如何通过与其他感官的相互作用而发挥作用的。故选B。 考点三 段落大意题 1. 设问形式 What does the author /writer tell us in paragraph? The first/ second paragraph is mainly about… 2. 设题特点 段落大意主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确并且完整地表达出来的能力。我们在做题目的时候要特别注意首尾兼顾及所问段落的首句和尾句。 3. 解题技巧 结构为总分总或者总分结构的时候，段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是例子或论证，常出现在说明文和议论文当中； 结构是分总式，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进的细节表述，段尾才是段落主题句； 结构是分总分式段落开头列举具体事例，通过事例得出结论，这个结论就是段落主题句，后面的内容只是继续或拓展该结论； 结构是无主题句式，段落虽无主题句，但可通过一些关键词或相似结构归纳出段落主题句。 高考例题分析 (2015·上海·高考真题) The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy. Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it. The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny. To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it! In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about? A. The introduction to the leading roles. B. The writer’s opinion of acting. C. The writer’s comments on the story. D. The background information. 【答案】D 【详解】段落大意题。根据第一分“The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.(《人兔的诅咒》(2005)是导演尼克·帕克和史蒂夫·博克斯制作的第一部全长电影，他们用神奇的黏土角色华莱士和格罗米特制作了电影。它在2006年获得了奥斯卡奖，如果你看过它，你就会明白为什么。这绝对是一部精彩的卡通喜剧)”可知，此处介绍了这部电影的人物角色，导演，获得荣誉以及其他相关的信息，这些是该电影的背景信息，故选D。 优题精练●专题实战通关 Passage 1 (2026届江西三九校联考高三联合质量检测)Coastal dunes are sand hills that form naturally along ocean shores across the globe. They appear where there is plenty of fine sand, regular onshore wind, and open space for sand to slowly build up. Along the United States coastlines, most dunes spread widely across the Atlantic and Gulf shores, with smaller scattered groups on the Pacific coast. These landforms are far more than lifeless sand piles; they are dynamic natural systems that shift and change with seasonal wind and tides. Most importantly, they act as a natural protective bank for inland areas against fierce storm waves and slowly rising seas. Three key elements work together to build a coastal dune. First, there must be a steady supply of loose sand, carried to the shore by ocean waves and tides. Second, steady wind must blow across the open beach to lift and move sand grains inland. Third, low-growing coastal plants must be present to trap sand and slow wind near the ground. Without this plant cover, wind would blow sand straight past the beach and no dune would take shape. Each part of this process depends fully on the others to keep the whole system working properly. A developed dune has clear layers from bottom to top. The base is made of wet, tightly packed sand that stays firmly in place even in strong winds. Above it is a loose middle layer, where sand moves and changes shape most often with daily wind. The top layer is held by deep plant roots and forms a stable surface for other plants to grow. This special structure lets the dune both grow in size over time and survive regular wind storms. It also stores rainwater and feeds small underground water flows near the coastal shore. Coastal dunes support a surprising amount of unique wildlife. Special drought-resistant plants, tiny insects and even rare small birds make their homes on sheltered dune slopes. Beyond wildlife habitat, dunes provide critical protection for nearby coastal towns and farmland. During large winter storms, dunes absorb the full force of incoming waves and greatly reduce inland flooding. They also slow coastal damage by keeping beach sand from being washed permanently out to sea. Today, many coastal dune systems are badly damaged by human activities. Building homes directly on dunes, driving vehicles on open beaches, and removing dune plants all break down these fragile natural systems. Protecting dunes is not just about saving wild plants and animals; it is about protecting coastal communities from growing storm and flood risks. Understanding how dunes form and function helps us make wiser choices for coastal land use and long-term environmental safety. 1. What can we learn about coastal dunes from Paragraph 1? A. They never change with tides. B. They spread across all US shores. C. They are made by humans. D. They protect inland from storms. 2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Wind is the only key factor. B. Plants can move sand grains. C. Dunes need three key conditions. D. Waves carry sand away inland. 3. What does the word “packed” most probably mean in Paragraph 3? A. Pressed firmly and closely together. B. Blown slowly by strong wind. C. Washed gradually by sea waves. D. Grown slowly under the ground. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Dunes are totally destroyed now. B. Dune protection is very important. C. Human activities harm dunes little. D. Coastal storms will disappear soon. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【导语】文章主要介绍了沿海沙丘的形成条件、结构、生态功能以及保护的重要性。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most importantly, they act as a natural protective bank for inland areas against fierce storm waves and slowly rising seas. (最重要的是，它们充当内陆地区抵御猛烈风暴潮和缓慢上升海平面的天然防护屏障。)”可知，沿海沙丘保护内陆免受风暴侵袭。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Three key elements work together to build a coastal dune. First, there must be a steady supply of loose sand... Second, steady wind must blow across the open beach... Third, low-growing coastal plants must be present to trap sand (三个关键要素共同作用形成沿海沙丘。第一，必须有稳定的松散沙源……第二，必须有持续的风吹过开阔的海滩……第三，必须有低矮的沿海植物来捕获沙子)”可知，本段分别介绍了沙丘形成的三个关键要素。因此，本段主要说明沙丘需要三个关键条件。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The base is made of wet, tightly packed sand that stays firmly in place even in strong winds. (底部由潮湿、tightly packed的沙子组成，即使在强风中也能牢固地保持在原位。)”可知，定语从句“that stays firmly in place even in strong winds”说明了“tightly packed sand”的作用，即压紧的沙子让其牢固地保持在原位，故packed意为“Pressed firmly and closely together. (紧紧地压在一起的。)”。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Protecting dunes is not just about saving wild plants and animals; it is about protecting coastal communities from growing storm and flood risks. (保护沙丘不仅是保护野生动植物；更是保护沿海社区免受日益严重的风暴和洪水风险。)”可推知，沙丘的保护非常重要。 Passage 2 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟)Many popular programs promise to increase happiness, but they often require more time and effort than busy people can manage. As a result, most of us find it hard to stick to such demanding routines. This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out? To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. These acts included listing things they felt grateful for, performing an act of kindness, or watching an inspiring video. Each day, people reported how they felt both before and after the activity, which allowed researchers to track changes in their emotions. The results, based on data from participants from more than 200 countries and regions, showed encouraging changes. After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life. People with fewer resources or lower social status often reported an even stronger sense of well-being. The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior(亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. In particular, groups that initially showed less prosocial tendency, such as those in less wealthy regions, demonstrated the most significant growth in this respect. The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, these micro-moments of joy provide a practical and powerful way to help people feel lighter, more connected and more satisfied with life. 5. Why was the Big Joy Project launched? A. To compare different acts of kindness. B. To seek an easier way to enhance happiness. C. To test popular long-term happiness programs. D. To promote major changes in people’s lifestyles. 6. What can we learn about the study results? A. Small acts made a difference. B. Happier people did more micro-acts. C. Prosocial growth centered on rich regions. D. Higher status contributed to stronger gains. 7. What is the main function of paragraph 4? A. To present further findings. B. To detail the research process. C. To draw the core conclusion. D. To offer practical suggestions. 8. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Prosocial Behavior: A Path to Happiness B. Micro-Acts: Small Steps to Greater Happiness C. Big Joy Project: A Strategy for Lifelong Happiness D. Happiness: From Major Achievements to Daily Life 【答案】5. B 6. A 7. A 8. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了“大快乐项目(Big Joy Project)”的研究——让参与者每天完成简短的“微行动(micro-acts)”，如感恩或行善，结果发现这些简单行为能有效提升幸福感、减轻压力并促进亲社会行为，说明小小善举即可带来更大快乐。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“This raises an important question: what if becoming happier did not call for a complete change in lifestyle? What if it could start with simple, brief actions that are easy to carry out?(这就引出一个重要问题：如果变得更快乐不需要彻底改变生活方式呢？如果它可以从易于执行的简单、简短的行动开始呢？)”及第二段“To explore the possibility, researchers launched a global online study known as the Big Joy Project, where a large number of participants were asked to complete a daily “micro-act” — a short, easy activity designed to build joy. (为了探索这种可能性，研究人员发起了一项名为“大欢乐项目”的全球在线研究，要求大量参与者完成一项日常“微行动”——一项旨在建立快乐的简短而简单的活动)”可知，该项目旨在寻找更容易实现的提升幸福感的方法。 6. 细节理解题。根据第三段“After only one week, most people reported noticeable improvements: they experienced more positive feelings, less stress, and even better sleep and physical health. Moreover, the study showed a direct connection between effort and outcome — the more micro-acts a person completed, the greater their increase in happiness turned out to be. (仅一周后，大多数人报告了明显改善：他们感受到更多积极情绪、更少压力，甚至睡眠和身体健康也有所改善。此外，研究表明，努力和结果之间存在直接联系——一个人完成的微行动越多，他们的幸福感就越高)”可知，从研究结果中，我们可以了解到微小行动确实产生了积极影响。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Interestingly, these benefits reached everyone, including those facing adversities in life.(有趣的是，这些益处惠及每个人，包括生活中遭遇逆境的人)”和“The project also succeeded in promoting “prosocial” behavior (亲社会行为) — the natural desire to help others and connect with the community. (该项目还成功促进了“亲社会”行为——帮助他人及与社区建立联系的自然愿望)”可知，本段在基础结果之上进一步呈现了关于不同人群及亲社会行为增长的发现。 8. 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是最后一段“The study suggests that happiness does not necessarily depend on major achievements or external events. Instead, small but intentional acts — such as giving thanks, offering kindness, or taking a moment to appreciate the world — can help individuals actively shape their own emotional well-being. (研究表明，幸福不一定取决于重大成就或外部事件。相反，微小但有意识的行为——比如感恩、提供善意或花点时间欣赏世界——可以帮助个人积极塑造自己的情绪健康)”可知，文章核心为微行动对幸福的提升作用，所以“微行动：通往更大幸福的小步”适合作为文章标题。 Passage 3 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三英语模拟)The common fear that a friend secretly dislikes us often reflects internal insecurities rather than actual ill will. People frequently interpret neutral or unclear behaviors — such as brief text replies or delayed responses — as signs of rejection. Even well-meaning words of comfort like “no worries” may be perceived as mocking(嘲笑的) or insincere. This tendency can be explained through what is known as the fawn response, a behavioral pattern less recognized than the “fight or flight” reaction. The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe, a strategy often developed in childhood when facing critical or emotionally neglectful parents, or an unstable home environment. While this strategy may ease conflict temporarily, it can also lead to a habitual cycle of approval-seeking. We might intellectually understand that a friend isn’t upset with us — but those “old ways of being” bite hard. Something was learned early on: “I need to try harder and do more to be loved.” This pattern has several consequences. On the personal level, it fuels anxiety, as individuals repeatedly question whether they have offended their peers. On the interpersonal level, it can hurt relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about. In this way, assuming everyone is annoyed with you can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. The key is understanding that it is not the end of the world — or a friendship. Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that closeness can survive difference. Learning to tolerate discomfort, rather than avoiding it at all costs, can foster both toughness and closeness. Social media, unfortunately, worsens social anxiety. The absence of nonverbal cues(信号) makes it easy to misinterpret tone, while the constant visibility of online interactions can intensify feelings of exclusion or neglect. Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort. Instead of seeking immediate reassurance, individuals can pause to ask: Am I truly being rejected, or am I simply anxious? Developing tolerance for uncertainty can interrupt the cycle and reduce dependence on others’ approval. Trust also plays a role. When friends say they are simply busy or distracted, accept their words at face value. After all, no question or magic phrase can control another person’s perception. Even if it could, you might be robbing yourself of opportunities to grow, learn or deepen a bond. 9. What can we learn about the fawn response? A. It arises from people’s need to escape real physical danger. B. It develops after people get used to endless approval-seeking. C. It is intended to prevent conflicts from ever emerging in advance. D. It is characterized by trying to please others to secure inner safety. 10. What does “a self-fulfilling prophecy” in paragraph 3 mean? A. A belief that one is self-made. B. A prediction that is certain to fail. C. An outcome that happens as feared. D. A pattern that tries to entertain others. 11. According to the author, conflict in a relationship can be ______. A. a way to test its toughness B. a sign of a growing disagreement C. a problem that should be avoided D. a chance to strengthen a friendship 12. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Where friendship problems lie. B. Why magic words fail to do wonders. C. What one can do to handle social anxieties. D. What leads people to seek constant reassurance. 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. D 12. C 【导语】文章分析了讨好型反应的心理机制，指出这种模式会引发焦虑并导致自我实现的预言，并强调冲突可以成为加强友谊的机会，并提出了应对社交焦虑的具体方法。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The fawn response involves attempts to please others in order to feel safe (讨好型反应是一种试图取悦他人以获得安全感的行为)”可知，讨好型反应的特点是通过取悦他人来确保内心的安全。 10. 词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“On the interpersonal level, it can hurt relationships, since constant demands for reassurance may frustrate friends and even create the very rejection that was worried about. (在人际层面，这可能会损害关系，因为持续要求得到安慰可能让朋友感到沮丧，甚至引发他们原本担忧的被拒绝。)”可知，因假设他人对自己感到烦躁而不断要求得到安慰的行为，会引发对方的负面反应，让原本的假设成真，画线部分指的应该是“一种像担心的那样发生的结果”。 11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Conflict is not only unavoidable; it can even be healing, demonstrating that closeness can survive difference. (冲突不仅不可避免，它甚至可能带来疗愈，表明亲密关系能够超越差异而存续。)”可知，作者认为友谊中的冲突可以是一个加强友谊的机会。 12. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Managing these anxieties requires conscious effort. Instead of seeking immediate reassurance, individuals can pause to ask… Developing tolerance for uncertainty can interrupt the cycle and reduce dependence on others’ approval. Trust also plays a role. When friends say they are simply busy or distracted, accept their words at face value… (管理这些焦虑需要有意识的努力。与其急于寻求即时的安慰，个人可以停下来思考……学会对不确定性保持包容，有助于打破这种循环，并减少对他人认可的依赖。信任也起着重要作用。当朋友说他们只是太忙或分心时，应不加怀疑地接受他们的说法……)”可知，本段聚焦的是一个人可以做些什么来处理社交焦虑。 Passage 4 (2026届贵州中央民族大学附属中学贵阳学校第二学期高三年级模拟)A new study on 26 chimpanzees(黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognise family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation. The participating chimpanzees were given juice while sitting at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the screen chimp for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye-tracking camera recorded where each chimpanzee was looking and for how long. Data showed their eyes spent more time staring at the pictures of their former companions. There is also evidence that they became more intimate when shown a picture of a chimpanzee with whom they’d had more positive interactions, compared with conflicting relationships. In the most impressive case, a 46-year-old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn’t seen more than 26 years. The team said Louise’s results represented the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date. “We tend to see ourselves as unique special creatures with incredible intellectual (智力的) capacity that are very different from other animals on earth,” said Laura Simone Lewis, a postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley’s psychology department and lead author of the study. “This study is showing us how similar we are to chimpanzees.” She noted that the findings support the theory that chimps have long term social memory in humans and modern-day chimps had our “last common ancestor” that lived somewhere between 5 to 7 million years ago who also likely had long-term social memory. Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long-term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they’re no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn’t determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they have the ability to do so,” Lewis said. 13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The nature of chimps. B. The method of the study. C. The analysis of the recorded data. D. The layout of experimental equipment. 14. What does the underlined word “intense” in paragraph 4 mean? A. Attentive. B. Doubtful. C. Hesitant. D. Emotional. 15. Why is the example of Louise in paragraph 4 mentioned? A. To stress chimps as intelligent as human beings. B. To explain where chimps’ social memory comes from. C. To better demonstrate the chimps’ memory length. D. To further prove the existence of chimps’ social memory. 16. What will the research team most probably continue to explore? A. Whether chimps feel strong emotions to their long lost friends. B. How to strengthen chimps’ long-term social connections. C. How chimps recognise their close contacts after long separation. D. Why chimps possess the amazing social memories. 【答案】13. B 14. A 15. D 16. A 【导语】文章主要介绍实验证明黑猩猩拥有长达数十年的长期社交记忆，并引出后续待研究问题。 13. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The participating chimpanzees were given juice while sitting at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the screen chimp for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye-tracking camera recorded where each chimpanzee were looking and for how long.(参与实验的黑猩猩坐在屏幕前喝果汁，屏幕并排展示其他黑猩猩照片，一组照片里一只曾和它共同生活至少一年，另一只为陌生同类，眼动相机记录黑猩猩注视位置和时长。)”可知，本段完整介绍这项实验的操作流程与实验手段，即研究方法。 14. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In the most impressive case, a 46-year-old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn’t seen more than 26 years. The team said Louise’s results represented the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date.(其中最令人惊叹的案例是：一只46岁名叫路易丝的黑猩猩，在时隔26年多后再次看到姐姐洛蕾塔与外甥艾琳的照片时，反复表现出intense注意的状态。研究团队表示，路易丝的实验数据，是目前所有非人类动物中有记录的、持续时间最久的社交记忆。)”以及第二段“Data showed their eyes spent more time staring at the pictures of their former companions.(数据显示它们会花费更多时间凝视昔日同伴的照片)”可知，再次看到姐姐洛蕾塔与外甥艾琳的照片时，反复表现出专注的注意的状态。intense意为“专注的”。 15. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“A new study on 26 chimpanzees (黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognise family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation.(一项针对全球动物园 26 只黑猩猩的新研究发现，黑猩猩时隔数十年仍能认出亲人与久别同伴。)”和第四段中“The team said Louise’s results represented the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date.(研究团队表示，路易丝的实验数据，是目前所有非人类动物中有记录的、持续时间最久的社交记忆。)”可知，前文提出黑猩猩拥有长期社交记忆这一核心结论，举路易丝时隔26年仍能识别亲属的典型案例，是用极具说服力的实例进一步证实黑猩猩长期社交记忆真实存在。 16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long-term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they’re no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn’t determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they have the ability to do so,” Lewis said.(研究人员已经掌握确凿证据，证明这类濒危动物拥有长期社交记忆，但他们心中还有更多疑问，其中一点是：黑猩猩是否会思念再也无法相见的亲友。刘易斯称：“我们的研究尚且无法证实它们会产生思念之情，但这项研究提出了一种可能性——它们或许拥有思念他人的能力。”)”可知，团队接下来很可能探究黑猩猩是否会对久别亲友产生思念这类强烈情绪。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度安徽芜湖市第一中学高三下学期最后一卷)Despite advances in digital technology, no virtual platform has yet solved the problem of physical presence. While virtual tours have gained popularity, many users acknowledge that viewing an object through a screen fundamentally changes their perception. Features such as texture, weight, and scale are inevitably affected by a flat image. This sensory gap suggests that digital representations, however advanced, remain imperfect substitutes for direct engagement. Beyond these sensory limitations, technological and economic barriers further complicate the ideal of universal access. A virtual museum that relies on virtual reality headsets, high-speed network, or recently released devices may unknowingly exclude individuals with older hardware or unstable connections. Moreover, digital preservation introduces challenges different from those associated with physical collections. Websites become outdated, software platforms are discontinued, and file formats fall out of use. Whereas a physical museum demands structural maintenance, a virtual one requires continuous migration of data and updating of systems — a commitment often underestimated. Trust also poses a significant concern. In a virtual environment — particularly one operated by individuals or small organizations — viewers may find it difficult to determine whether an image faithfully represents the original or merely offers a loosely sourced picture accompanied by incomplete documentation. Clear origin notes and transparent labeling can mitigate such concerns, yet skepticism remains a reasonable response. Interestingly, the museum term “deaccessioning”(藏品注销) also fits private collectors who want to sell or give away their collections. Virtual museums and digital catalogs are very helpful for them. When collectors make clear digital records, they sort out key details: where they got the items, sizes, condition and related materials. These records are greatly useful for their family inheritors who know little about the collection. They also help museums decide whether to accept the donated items. Even if the collection is later divided up, the digital record keeps its original order and value, so its hidden meaning and logical connection will not disappear. 17. What does the author point out about virtual tours in paragraph 1? A. They rely heavily on advanced equipment. B. They are preferred by most museum visitors. C. They fail to convey certain physical qualities. D. They improve the resolution of digital images. 18. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “mitigate”? A. Reduce. B. Ignore. C. Identify. D. Create. 19. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about private collectors? A. They prefer to keep their collections complete. B. They underestimate the value of documentation. C. They can benefit a lot from creating digital records. D. They often rely on digital list to sell their collections. 20. Which statement best summarizes the main idea of the text? A. Digital technology has transformed museum experiences. B. Virtual museums face limitations in accessibility and authenticity. C. Private collectors benefit more from digitization than museums do. D. Physical museums are superior to virtual alternatives in every aspect. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B 【导语】文章主要说明了虚拟博物馆存在感官体验、设备门槛、长期维护及真伪判定等诸多不足，但数字化档案能为私人收藏家及其后人妥善留存藏品信息。 17. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Features such as texture, weight, and scale are inevitably affected by a flat image.(纹理、重量和比例等特征不可避免地会受到平面图像的影响)”可知，虚拟导览无法传达某些物理特性。 18. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In a virtual environment — particularly one operated by individuals or small organizations — viewers may find it difficult to determine whether an image faithfully represents the original or merely offers a loosely sourced picture accompanied by incomplete documentation.(在虚拟环境中——尤其是由个人或小型组织运营的场合中，观众可能难以判断一张图片是否真实反映了原始内容，还是仅仅提供了一张来源模糊、资料不完整的图像)”以及后文“such concerns”可知，清晰标注能减轻人们的疑虑，故划线词意思是“减轻、缓解”。 19. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Interestingly, the museum term “deaccessioning” (藏品注销) also fits private collectors who want to sell or give away their collections. Virtual museums and digital catalogs are very helpful for them. When collectors make clear digital records, they sort out key details: where they got the items, sizes, condition and related materials.(有趣的是，博物馆术语“藏品注销”也适用于希望出售或赠送收藏的私人收藏家。虚拟博物馆和数字目录对他们非常有帮助。当收藏家建立清晰的数字记录时，他们就能整理出关键信息：物品的来源、尺寸、状况及相关资料)”可知，私人收藏家可以通过创建数字记录获得很大益处。 20. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Despite advances in digital technology, no virtual platform has yet solved the problem of physical presence.(尽管数字技术不断进步，但至今没有任何虚拟平台能够解决实体在场的问题)”结合文章主要说明了虚拟博物馆存在感官体验、设备门槛、长期维护及真伪判定等诸多不足，但数字化档案能为私人收藏家及其后人妥善留存藏品信息。可知，故文章的主旨是虚拟博物馆在可及性和真实性方面存在局限。 Passage 6 (2026届广东省深圳市中荟高级中学有限公司模拟预测)Drones(无人机) already fly and spy. Now, they can build too. A pair of drones working together made a tower taller than a person. Engineers demonstrated this new method of 3D printing in the lab. Mirko Kovac, who co-led the research, says that animal builders, bees, inspired him. They shared their success in Nature on September 22. To print that person-sized tower, a Build-Drone carried expanding foam(泡沫). This material rapidly expands and hardens when sprayed (喷洒). The drone flew in a slow circle, spraying the foam downwards to form layers. When it ran out of material, it flew away so a person could reload it with more foam or replace the drone’s batteries. This type of foam tends to thicken unevenly. So, while a Build-Drone was being reloaded, a second, smaller drone surveyed the work. It was called Scan-Drone. It looked for places where the last layer was too thin or thick. Then it created a plan for the next layer to help even things out. This kept the tower straight and strong. “This was an impressive demonstration,” says Andrea Tagliabue, who wasn’t involved in the research. As a graduate student in robotics at MIT, Tagliabue works on control systems for drones. However, he notes that the researchers still have challenges left to solve before 3D printing drones are useful in the real world. “Since these drones built structures inside a lab, they didn’t have to contend with wind or other outdoor disturbances. Also, cameras placed around the room could help track the drones’ position s and send them along the correct paths. Outdoors, the drones would have to navigate without this extra help,” says Tagliabue. Kovac is already planning to do tests outdoors. He also plans to build more complex structures. He believes that drones can work together like bees in the future, and they will construct buildings or make repairs in places that are tough for human crews and heavy machinery to reach. “That may include disaster areas, the tops of tall buildings or even other planets,” Kovac says. “There’s a lot of interest in building on Mars with robots.” 21. How did the drones make the tower stay straight? A. They used hard and strong material. B. They sprayed the foam downwards. C. They cooperated in keeping a balance in layer thickness. D. They thickened layers by adding more and more foam. 22. What does the underlined phrase “contend with” mean in paragraph 3? A. Rule out. B. Compete with. C. Give out. D. Deal with. 23. What does Kovac think about the Build-Drones? A. They are full of promise. B. They are widely in use now. C. They can’t replace humans. D. They can’t do complex tasks. 24. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Drones Can Think and Learn like People B. Drones Work Together to Print Structures C. 3D Printing Will Change the Business World D. 3D Printing: Everything You Need to Know 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 【导语】主要说明了受蜜蜂启发，两款无人机配合完成 3D 打印建塔。目前该技术仍有户外应用难题，但研究者看好其未来，计划用于灾区、高空甚至外星建造作业。 21. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This type of foam tends to thicken unevenly. So, while a Build-Drone was being reloaded, a second, smaller drone surveyed the work. It was called Scan-Drone. It looked for places where the last layer was too thin or thick. Then it created a plan for the next layer to help even things out. This kept the tower straight and strong. (这种泡沫往往无法均匀增厚。因此，当建造无人机正在重新装载时，第二台较小的扫描无人机会进行检查工作。它被称为扫描无人机，用于寻找上一层过薄或过厚的位置，然后制定下一层的施工方案，以帮助平整表面。这样就能保持塔楼的直立和稳固。)”可知，无人机通过协作来维持各层厚度的平衡来让塔楼保持直立。 22. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Since these drones built structures inside a lab (由于这些无人机在实验室内部建造结构)”以及后文“wind or other outdoor disturbances (风力或其他户外干扰)”可知，实验在室内完成，无人机无需应对风力等户外干扰。故划线词意思是“应对”。 23. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Kovac is already planning to do tests outdoors. He also plans to build more complex structures. He believes that drones can work together like bees in the future, and they will construct buildings or make repairs in places that are tough for human crews and heavy machinery to reach. “That may include disaster areas, the tops of tall buildings or even other planets,” Kovac says. “There’s a lot of interest in building on Mars with robots.” (科瓦茨已经开始计划在户外进行测试，他还打算建造更复杂的结构。他认为，未来无人机可以像蜜蜂一样协同工作，在人类机组人员和重型机械难以到达的地方建造建筑或进行维修。“这可能包括灾区、高楼顶部，甚至其他星球，”科瓦茨说，“人们对用机器人在火星上建设的兴趣非常浓厚。”)”可知，科瓦茨认为建造无人机充满希望。 24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Drones (无人机) already fly and spy. Now, they can build too. A pair of drones working together made a tower taller than a person. Engineers demonstrated this new method of 3D printing in the lab. Mirko Kovac, who co-led the research, says that animal builders, bees, inspired him. They shared their success in Nature on September 22. (无人机已经能够飞行和侦察，现在它们还能建造。一对无人机协同工作，成功搭建出一座比人还高的塔楼。工程师们在实验室中展示了这种新型3D打印技术。该研究的联合负责人米尔科·科瓦茨表示，启发他的是动物建造者——蜜蜂。他们于9月22日在《自然》杂志上分享了这一成果。)”结合文章主要说明了受蜜蜂启发，两款无人机配合完成 3D 打印建塔。目前该技术仍有户外应用难题，但研究者看好其未来，计划用于灾区、高空甚至外星建造作业。可知，B选项“无人机协同工作以打印结构”最符合文章标题。 Passage 7 (2026届云南省红河州、文山州高三第四次州统测三模)Over the course of the 1990s, an average of 20.5 million American children ages 7 to 17hopped on a bike six or more times a year. Now such scenes are rare. Data from an authoritative association prove that number has fallen by nearly half, to about 10.9 million in 2023, with under5% riding “frequently”. With this decline, kids are losing more than a potential mode of transport. Biking supports children’s independence and overall health in a way that many activities cannot. Also, it’s much more affordable especially if you buy a used bike. Kids aren’t the only ones who benefit when they start getting around on two wheels. The research has shown that when children ride a bike in the open, parents feel more of a connection to their neighbors, and many people begin to feel safer. As fewer kids go out, however, all those benefits are gone. Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the National Center for Safe Routes to School, said kids do want to bike, but conditions on many streets don’t exactly inspire confidence. The traffic in their neighborhood makes riding too dangerous or that their parents won’t let them go on their own. In many places, this fear is well founded. American roadways have gotten faster and busier. And over the past 30 years, the average U. S. passenger vehicle has gotten larger and heavier. These machines can be much more intimidating to people on bikes. Children need space to bike. By adding more bike-friendly infrastructure(基础设施) — lower traffic speeds, separated bike lanes, calmer crossroads — local governments could encourage children and other residents to start riding again. In the interim(临时), teaching children how to share the road with drivers is mostly up to caregivers. Finding safe-enough spots for practice might be tough in some cities. But with a little creativity, parents can track down dead ends, streets closed to cars, unused parking lots, or parks with paved pathways to let their kids spread out and find their bearings in relatively calm surroundings. 25. What might happen with the decline in children’s biking? A. Weakened children’s well- being. B. Improved children’s independence. C. Strengthened neighborhood social ties. D. Lessened American household expenses. 26. What does the underlined word “intimidating” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Familiar. B. Attractive. C. Terrifying. D. Interesting. 27. Which of the following statements would Nancy Pullen-Seufert most probably agree with? A. Larger vehicles have little impact on cyclists’ safety. B. Parental permission is the only barrier to kids cycling. C. Safer street designs could help restore children’s cycling. D. Children have lost interest in cycling as a leisure activity. 28. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Who to blame? B. Where to bike? C. What to come? D. How to change? 【答案】25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 【导语】文章指出美国儿童骑自行车的人数大幅下降，分析了其原因和负面影响，并提出了改善骑行环境的具体建议。   25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With this decline, kids are losing more than a potential mode of transport. Biking supports children’s independence and overall health in a way that many activities cannot.(随着这一下降，孩子们失去的不仅仅是一种潜在的交通方式。骑自行车以一种许多活动无法做到的方式支持孩子的独立性和整体健康。)”可知，儿童骑自行车减少可能会导致孩子的健康状况被削弱。 26. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“American roadways have gotten faster and busier. And over the past 30 years, the average U.S. passenger vehicle has gotten larger and heavier. These machines can be much more intimidating to people on bikes.(美国道路上的车速更快、交通更加繁忙。在过去的30年里，美国普通乘用车的尺寸和重量都增加了。这些机器对骑自行车的人来说可能更“intimidating”。)”可知，这些更大更重的车辆对骑自行车的人来说是“可怕的”。 27. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nancy Pullen-Seufert, the director of the National Center for Safe Routes to School, said kids do want to bike, but conditions on many streets don’t exactly inspire confidence. (Nancy Pullen-Seufert是国家安全上学路线中心的主任，她说孩子们确实想骑自行车，但许多街道的状况并不能完全激发他们的信心。)”可知，她赞同更安全的街道设计有助于恢复儿童骑行。 28. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“By adding more bike-friendly infrastructure — lower traffic speeds, separated bike lanes, calmer crossroads — local governments could encourage children and other residents to start riding again.(通过增加更多的自行车友好型基础设施——降低交通速度，独立的自行车道，更安全的十字路口——地方政府可以鼓励儿童和其他居民重新开始骑自行车。)”和“teaching children how to share the road with drivers is mostly up to caregivers(教孩子们如何与司机共享道路主要取决于看护人)”可知，最后一段主要探讨了政府和父母可以采取哪些具体措施来改变现状、鼓励孩子骑车。 Passage 8 (2025-2026学年度江苏宿迁青华中学高三最后一卷)Books were stamped with “Human Authored” logos(标识) at this week’s London Book Fair. The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace”. Visitors to the fair were also given copies of Don’t Steal This Book， a collection of 10，000 writers including Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro and Richard Osman, in which the pages are completely blank. The back cover states: “The UK government must not legalize book theft to benefit AI companies.” The empty book is a protest against AI companies using copyrighted works without permission or payment to train their models and against UK government proposals that could legalize this practice. Organized by Ed Newton-Rex, a composer and copyright campaigner， the project has drawn vast support from the literary world. The AI industry is “built on stolen work”. “This is a crime that has victims,” he added, “Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on, taking away their livelihoods.” The protest comes just a week before the UK government is due to publish an economic impact assessment of proposed changes to copyright law. The government initially proposed a system, under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission – an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. Only 3% of people surveyed backed the plan. The government dropped it but is now considering a “commercial research exception” that would still allow AI companies to use works without approval for commercial training. For the authors behind Don’t Steal This Book, the blank pages are a powerful symbol: they represent the future of writing if AI companies continue to use creative work without payment - a world where authors are left with nothing. As the Society of Authors put it, the empty book is just a band-aid fix - but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity, not commercial greed. 29. Why were the books stamped with “Human Authored” logos? A. To introduce promising authors. B. To promote newly-published works. C. To show public sympathy for authors. D. To fight AI stealing copyrighted works. 30. What does the underlined word “victims” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Human writers. B. Literary campaigners. C. Ordinary readers. D. Generative AI developers. 31. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The protest weakens UK’s economy. B. The UK government favors AI firms. C. Copyright law enjoys public support. D. AI firms prioritize commercial profits. 32. How does the Society of Authors view the empty book? A. It is a win-win deal. B. It is a game changer. C. It is a well-intentioned failure. D. It is a temporary measure. 【答案】29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 【导语】本文围绕伦敦书展上作家群体的抗议活动展开。作家协会推出 “人类创作” 标识，上万名作家推出空白抗议书籍，抵制 AI 企业未经授权盗用受版权保护的作品训练模型；同时介绍英国政府版权法案的摇摆调整，作家群体认为空白书只是临时手段，完善版权体系才是根本办法。 29. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Society of Authors described its labelling as “an important logo to protect and promote human creativity instead of AI labelled content in the marketplace”.(作家协会将这种标识描述为“一种重要标识，用于保护和促进人类创造力，而非市场上人工智能标注的内容”)”以及第三段“The empty book is a protest against AI companies using copyrighted works without permission or payment to train their models...(这本空白书是对人工智能公司未经许可或未支付报酬就使用受版权保护的作品来训练其模型的抗议……)”可知，书籍盖上“人类创作”标识是为了抵制人工智能窃取受版权保护的作品。 30. 词义猜测题。根据第三段“Organized by Ed Newton-Rex, a composer and copyright campaigner， the project has drawn vast support from the literary world. The AI industry is “built on stolen work”.(该项目由作曲家兼版权活动家埃德·牛顿 - 雷克斯组织，获得了文学界的广泛支持。人工智能行业是“建立在被盗用的作品之上”的)”以及后文“Generative AI competes with the creators of the works it trains on， taking away their livelihoods.(生成式人工智能与其所训练作品的创作者竞争，夺走了他们的生计)”可知，这里说的“受害者”指的是人类作家，因为人工智能公司的行为损害了他们的利益。 31. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“The government initially proposed a system， under which AI firms could use copyrighted material unless rights holders refused permission – an exact opposite of copyright law’s core principle. Only 3% of people surveyed backed the plan. The government dropped it but is now considering a “commercial research exception” that would still allow AI companies to use works without approval for commercial training.(政府最初提议了一个系统，在这个系统下，除非版权所有者拒绝许可，人工智能公司可以使用受版权保护的材料——这与版权法的核心原则完全相反。只有3%的受访者支持该计划。政府放弃了该计划，但现在正在考虑一个“商业研究例外”，这仍将允许人工智能公司未经批准就使用作品进行商业训练)”可知，该段主要表明英国政府在版权问题上倾向于人工智能公司。 32. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“As the Society of Authors put it， the empty book is just a band - aid fix - but the real solution is a copyright system that protects human creativity,  not commercial greed.(正如作家协会所说，这本空白书只是一个权宜之计——但真正的解决办法是建立一个保护人类创造力而非商业贪欲的版权制度)”可知，作家协会认为空白书是一种临时措施。 Passage 9 (2026届广东佛山市顺德高三考前保温试题)In January 2024, near Dominica, I encountered a sperm whale named Pinchy. As she sank into the deep, I realized that despite our shared mammalian need for air, we lived in entirely separate worlds. As a scientist studying whale communication, I wondered what whales might tell me if I could understand what she was saying? My research has learned that sperm whales have a remarkably sophisticated communication system — one that may even resemble a form of language. This discovery has been made possible thanks to the use of technology itself, especially artificial intelligence. This might seem contradictory. In our technology-driven civilization, doesn’t technology often make us more distant from the natural world? Yet what I’ve come to know is that technology and nature do not exist in a zero-sum relationship, where the rise of one side is the downfall of the other. Instead, these tools can give humans an opportunity to feel more connected to nature. This view took years to fully form. In recent work, when AI technologies began to predict words and form sentences on their own, my colleagues and I work with computer scientists to test if these models could analyze sperm whale codas(嗒嗒声). In a pilot study, AI successfully identified different coda types, whale family groups and even individual whales with over 90% accuracy. This gave rise to Project CETI, an initiative where 50 biologists, AI experts and linguists work together to decode whale communication. Our latest study shows that sperm whales produce sounds similar to human vowels. Later this year, we will release an AI system that can translate human audio into whale-like sounds — allowing humans, for the first time, to potentially experience what it might be like to interact with a whale in its own language. The potential is profound. Truly understanding whale ‌“language” would not only rewrite biology textbooks, but also fundamentally challenge our human-centered worldview. Just as Copernicus showed that Earth was not the center of the universe, we hope our work could mark a similar shift — a recognition that we are not the only beings with rich internal and communal lives. To me, this is the real potential promise of AI: not to make us faster or more efficient, but to make us wiser. 33. What can be inferred from the author’s discussion of technology and nature? A. As technology rises, nature falls. B. Technology separates humans from nature. C. Technology and nature are mutually beneficial. D. Technology leads to the destruction of nature. 34. What is the primary goal of Project CETI? A. To classify different whale species. B. To use AI to understand whale communication. C. To study the behavior of whales in the wild. D. To train whale to communicate with humans. 35. Why does the author mention Copernicus in paragraph 6? A. To highlight a cognitive shift through comparison. B. To criticize traditional views of human centrality. C. To show the project is as complex as astronomy. D. To stress the importance of scientific discoveries. 36. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. AI: A Double-edged Sword in Modern Science B. Whale Communication: The Discovery of “Vowels” C. Sperm Whales: The Intelligent Creatures in the Ocean D. Talking to Whales: AI Bridges the Gap Between Species 【答案】33. C 34. B 35. A 36. D 【导语】文章主要介绍了科学家利用人工智能技术研究和解码抹香鲸的交流系统，以促进人与鲸鱼之间的跨物种沟通。 33. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yet what I’ve come to know is that technology and nature do not exist in a zero-sum relationship, where the rise of one side is the downfall of the other. Instead, these tools can give humans an opportunity to feel more connected to nature. (然而，我逐渐认识到，技术与自然并非此消彼长的零和关系。相反，这些工具可以让人类有机会感受到与自然更紧密的联系)”可知，技术可以帮助人类与自然建立更深的联系，二者互益。 34. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This gave rise to Project CETI, an initiative where 50 biologists, AI experts and linguists work together to decode whale communication. (这促成了CETI项目，这是一个由50名生物学家、人工智能专家和语言学家共同解码鲸鱼交流的倡议)”可知，CETI项目的主要目标是利用人工智能来理解鲸鱼的交流。 35. 推理判断题。根据第六段中“Truly understanding whale “language” would not only rewrite biology textbooks, but also fundamentally challenge our human-centered worldview. Just as Copernicus showed that Earth was not the center of the universe, we hope our work could mark a similar shift (真正理解鲸鱼的“语言”不仅会重写生物学教科书，还会从根本上挑战我们以人类为中心的世界观。正如哥白尼表明地球不是宇宙的中心一样，我们希望我们的工作能标志着类似的转变)”可知，作者提到哥白尼是为了通过类比来强调一种认知上的转变——从以人类为中心到承认其他物种也具有丰富的内心和社群生活。 36. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第五段“Later this year, we will release an AI system that can translate human audio into whale-like sounds — allowing humans, for the first time, to potentially experience what it might be like to interact with a whale in its own language. (今年晚些时候，我们将发布一个AI系统，可以将人类音频翻译成类似鲸鱼的声音——让人类首次有可能体验用鲸鱼自己的语言与鲸鱼互动的感觉)”和第六段“To me, this is the real potential promise of AI: not to make us faster or more efficient, but to make us wiser. (对我来说，这才是人工智能真正的潜力：不是让我们更快或更高效，而是让我们更智慧)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家利用人工智能技术研究抹香鲸的交流系统，希望能够实现人与鲸鱼之间的跨物种对话。故D项“Talking to Whales: AI Bridges the Gap Between Species (与鲸鱼对话：人工智能弥合物种间的鸿沟)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。 Passage 10 (2025-2026学年度广东东山中学高三第二学期第三次适应性考试)People often grumble that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet because plastics are everywhere and don’t break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge(烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. Until recently, museums only have to worry about traditional materials. “We know how to approach the restoration of paintings, books, and materials like wood, metals, and glass,” says Anna Laganà, a research specialist at the Getty Conservation Institute. “But for plastics, our knowledge is still limited.” Tonkin, now a doctoral researcher in fashion conservation at Nottingham Trent University, agrees. “We’re now trying to figure out how to preserve plastics,” she says. Nearly every museum in the world has plastic items, and even well-cared-for objects can fall apart alarmingly quickly. Museums are doing everything they can to save culturally important items from similar fates. But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common. We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future. Future archaeologists looking at what’s left from the 21st century will probably find lots of poisonous waste, along with plenty of plastic trash. But if museum preservation efforts succeed, maybe those scholars will also see that plastic items today can be culturally meaningful — and even cherished. 37. What is the main challenge for museums mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Collecting water bottles and shopping bags. B. Handling the extremely durable plastic trash. C. Preserving plastic objects that degrade easily. D. Restoring traditional materials like wood and glass. 38. What can we know about the preservation of plastics from the text? A. It faces increasing difficulties in the future. B. It has been completely mastered by researchers. C. It is easier than restoring traditional paintings. D. It mainly focuses on biodegradable plastic items. 39. What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey? A. Future archaeologists will only see plastic trash from the 21st century. B. Museums’ efforts on plastics may shape how future generations view us. C. Plastic items today are widely considered meaningful objects. D. Poisonous waste will prevent museums from preserving plastic objects. 40. Where can this passage be found? A. In a history textbook. B. In a fashion magazine. C. In a science report. D. In a science fiction book. 【答案】37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C 【导语】文章详细介绍了博物馆塑料文物保护的现状、挑战与意义。 37. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge(烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(但一些塑料材料会随着时间推移发生变化，出现开裂并融化成泥状物，这给博物馆等致力于保护重要文化物品的机构带来了巨大难题。)”可知，第一段中提到的博物馆面临的主要挑战是保存易降解的塑料物品。 38. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句“But preservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to decline. Worse, biodegradable plastics, designed to fall apart easily, are increasingly common.(但塑料的保存将变得越来越困难。旧物品持续劣化。更糟糕的是，那些设计为易于分解的可生物降解塑料正变得越来越普遍。)”可知，塑料的保存在未来将面临越来越大的困难。 39. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We now live in an age of plastic, and what we decide to collect today, and what we decide to preserve, will have a strong impact on how we’ll be seen in the future.(我们现在生活在塑料时代，我们今天决定收集什么、保护什么，会对未来我们这个时代被如何看待产生强烈影响。)”可知，最后一段旨在说明博物馆保护塑料文物的努力会影响后代对我们的看法。 40. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and melt into sludge (烂泥), all of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects.(但一些塑料材料会随着时间推移发生变化，出现开裂并融化成泥状物，这给博物馆等致力于保护重要文化物品的机构带来了巨大难题。)”可知，本文围绕博物馆塑料文物保护问题展开，属于科学领域的相关报道，最可能出现在科学报告中。 9 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $