Unit 1 Power of ideas（复习讲义）英语新教材鲁教版九年级全一册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过分类梳理构建“词汇-语法-阅读-输出”四维知识体系，运用对比表格（如also/too/as well/either辨析、被动语态结构表）和要点清单呈现知识脉络，突出一般现在时与过去时被动语态、词形转换等重难点的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+方法口诀”的分层设计，如被动语态通过“be加过去分词，情态后面be不变”口诀强化记忆，即时小练涵盖词形转换（Edison was a great inventor...）、同义句改写等题型，培养语言运用和思维辨析能力。写作按“发明者-起因-影响”结构指导，助力不同层次学生提升输出能力，为教师精准教学提供清晰抓手。

Unit 1 Power of Ideas（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、词汇积累：掌握发明主题词形转换，熟记造纸、飞行器等话题词汇，熟练应对词形填空。 2、核心语法：吃透一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态，分清主动、被动句式，能用被动语态描述发明制造过程。 3、阅读训练：梳理三篇课文关键信息，掌握发明者、发明背景、发展与影响，搞定信息匹配、流程排序题型。 4、输出运用：学会描述发明特征、利弊；写作按照发明者、起因、材料、难点、影响的结构成文。 复习重难点 重点：两种基础被动语态结构、过去分词变化；话题词性转换；阅读核心史实；发明相关交际句型。 难点：区分主动句与被动句，辨别时态；牢记不规则动词过去分词；读懂长难句，理清代词指代；梳理发明完整流程；写作中灵活使用被动语态，清晰阐述发明带来的影响。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? 彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？（教材P4） 【详解】 ① invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造→ inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家（人）→invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 物（事物） ② useful adj. →：use v./n. 使用；反义词 useless adj. 无用的 固定短语，be useful for sth. 对某事有帮助 ③of all time 固定搭配：有史以来，至今 功能：用于形容词最高级后限定时间范围，可与 in history 同义替换。 【即时小练】 1.Edison was a great______ (invent), the light bulb______ (invent) by him.It is one of the most useful ______ (invent). 2.The Internet is a very ______ (use) tool in modern life. It ______ (use) by people around the world, and it is one of the ______ (use) inventions in human history. 知识点2：Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 没错。而且得益于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 【详解】 ①辨析：because of与 because 的区别 because 是连词，后接完整句子（有主语 + 谓语）。例句：He was late because he missed the bus.（接句子） because of 是介词短语，后接名词性成分。 例句：He was late because of the heavy traffic.（接名词短语） ②develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 发展；研发；开发。本句中取 “研发、研制” 的含义 词形拓展：development n. 发展；过去分词：developed（被动语态的核心形式） ③as well 也；还 用法：通常放在句末，前面不加逗号，仅用于肯定句 【易混辨析】 also / too / as well / either also 用于肯定句句中（be 动词后、实义动词前） He also spends his pocket money on science books. 他也会把零花钱用在买科学书上。 too 用于肯定句、疑问句句末（可加逗号） I enjoy reading storybooks. My best friend enjoys them too. 我喜欢读故事书，我最好的朋友也喜欢。 as well 用于肯定句句末（不加逗号） Li Ming is good at physics, and he does well in chemistry as well. 李明擅长物理，他化学也学得很好。 either 用于否定句句末（不加逗号） I don’t eat spicy food. My sister doesn’t like it either. 我不吃辣，我妹妹也不喜欢。 【即时小练】 1.同义句改写 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. = Tom didn’t go to school yesterday___________________ 2. 单项选择题 My brother likes collecting stamps, and he enjoys taking photos ______. A. either B. as well C. also D. neither 3.用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 With the fast ______ (develop) of the Internet, online study is becoming popular. 知识点3：It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.它也对音乐产生了重大影响。收音机让人们能更便捷地欣赏来自世界各地艺人的音乐。 【详解】 ①have a big effect on… 对…… 有重大影响 同义替换：have a great influence on（写作可升级） 例句：Mobile phones have a big effect on our life. 手机对我们的生活影响很大。 ②make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事是…… 的 it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 to do 不定式 ③much easier：容易得多 much 放在比较级前，表示 “…… 得多”，同类：much better 好得多，much harder 难得多 【即时小练】 1.根据汉语提示完成句子。 有些学生认为学好英语很难，但是如果你找到正确的方法，它将会对你的英语产生很大影响 Some students think______to learn English well, but if you find the right ways, it will _______your English. 2.单项选择 He found ________ difficult to fall sleep. A. This B. him C. it D. that 知识点4: Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.智能烹饪机能做出数百种菜品。 【详解】 hundreds of 数百的；成百上千的（模糊数量，不精确） 辨析：① 基数词 + hundred（单数，无 s，不加 of）：表确切数字 two hundred students 两百名学生 ② hundreds of（hundred 加 s + of）：笼统数百，模糊数量 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 拓展：thousand/million/billion 1）模糊概数（词尾+s + of） thousands of 数千的，成千上万的，millions of 数百万的， billions of 数十亿的 2） 确切数字（不加 s、不加 of） three thousand people 三千人， five million stars 五百万颗星星 【即时小练】 1. _________ books are on the shelf. 架子上有五百本书。 A. Five hundreds B. Five hundred C. Hundred of D. Five hundred of 2.Every year, _____________ (thousand) of trees are planted in our city. 知识点5: What can the special glasses be used for?这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ be used for + 名词/doing sth：被用来做某事（表用途） 【易混辨析】 be used for sth./doing sth. 被用来做某事（强调用途） The knife is used for cutting meat. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 （和 for doing 可互换） The knife is used to cut meat. be used as sth. 被当作…… 来使用 The box is used as a small table. be used by sb. 被某人使用 This tool is used by cooks. 【即时小练】 1.The machine is used for _________(make) noodles. 2.Mike ________ take the bus to school,but now he ________riding to school. A. is used to, used to B. is used for, is used to C. used to, is used to D. used to, used to 知识点6: It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 【详解】 be supposed to do sth. 核心含义：理应做某事、本该做某事，侧重 “按规则、设计、常理预期应当发生” 否定形式：be not supposed to do sth. 本不该做某事、不应当做某事 时态变化： 现在时：am/is/are supposed to 过去时：was/were supposed to（本句用的是过去时否定 wasn’t supposed to） 近义词：should，但 be supposed to 更强调 “按预设本该如此”，常用来表达 “事与愿违” 的语气。 【即时小练】 1.In China, people are supposed_________（shake）hands when they meet for the first time. 2.You aren’t _________(suppose) to smoke here. 知识点7: It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 【详解】 It is + 过去分词 + that 从句 这是本句最重要的考点，属于形式主语句型。 句首的 it 是形式主语， 句子真正的主语是后面 that 引导的一整句话，也就是 “世界上最古老的轮子在东欧被发现” 这件事。 结构公式：It + be + 动词过去分词 + that + 完整句子 本句改写为主动句：People believe that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe.（人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。） 拓展：1）It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he will leave. 据说他要离开了。公司 2）It is reported that… 据报道…… It is reported that a new factory will be built. 3）It is known that… 众所周知…… It is known that the earth goes around the sun. 【即时小练】 1. It is _________ (believe) that the first paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 2.据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。 _________________ a new robot will be shown in the science museum next month. 知识点8: It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.比起其他任何发明，正是它促成了信息的快速传播，而这些信息塑造了现代世界。 【详解】 ①more than any other invention... 含义：比其他任何一项发明都更…… 语法身份：插入语，放在主语和谓语之间，前后用逗号隔开，起强调作用；去掉之后句子主干依然完整。 核心考点：用比较级表达最高级含义，是初中单选、同义句转换的高频句型。 公式：比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数（同一范围内比较） 本句等价于：It was the most responsible for the rapid spread of information among all inventions. 易混补充：如果是不同范围比较，不用 other，直接用 any + 名词单数。 例：China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。（中国不在非洲，属于不同范围） ②be responsible for... 本句是事物作主语，不能直译成 “负责”，核心含义是：是…… 的原因；促成、推动。 两种常见用法： 人作主语：对…… 负有责任（表义务、职责） 例：You are responsible for finishing your homework on time. 你要对按时完成作业负责。 事物作主语：是…… 的主要原因；促成（本句用法） 例：Poor sleep is responsible for bad moods. 睡眠不足是坏情绪的诱因之一。 名词变形：responsibility 责任 ③the rapid spread of information spread 此处作名词，意为 “传播、扩散” 词形特点：spread 动词和名词同形，过去式、过去分词仍为 spread（不规则变化，词尾不加 ed） 常见搭配：the spread of knowledge 知识的传播 【即时小练】 1.Heavy rain was _________ the flood. A. thirsty for B. thankful to C. surprised at D. responsible for 2.He takes ___________(responsible) for the accident. 知识点9: However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. 然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特与威尔伯·莱特当初似乎压根没想过要改变世界。 【详解】 1. 核心句型：It seems that… （似乎……） 这是典型的it 作形式主语，句首的 it 是形式主语。真正的主语是后面 that 引导的一整句话 结构公式：It seems + that + 完整句子 同义转换： It seems that + 句子 = 主语 + seem(s) + to do sth. 本句可改写为：However, its inventors seem not to have looked to change the world at all. 例句： It seems that it is going to rain. = It seems to rain. 好像要下雨了。 2.be looking to do sth 打算/力求/设法做某事（侧重谋求、计划做成） The company is looking to develop new products.这家公司力求研发新产品。 【即时小练】 We are looking _________( cut )costs. 知识点10: A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被安装在眼镜前端。 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 油和盐也由机器自动添加。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.：玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房屋都可以由这台 3D 打印机制作。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901 年，人类首次跨大西洋发送无线电报文。 【被动语态 易混辨析】 一般现在时（单数） is + 过去分词 is connected 一般现在时（复数） are + 过去分词 are added 一般过去时（单数） was + 过去分词 was sent 情态动词被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 can be made 【即时小练】 1.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（create） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 2.My father is too tired. Something should______(do) to keep him relaxed. 3.AI tools ______ （use）in more fields in the future. 单元语法：被动语态 1. 被动语态本质 （1）主动：主语发出动作 （2）被动：主语承受动作（被……） 2. 三大常用时态被动结构 （1）一般现在时被动（am/is/are + done） ✅ 结构：单数主语 / 不可数：is + done；复数主语：are + done；I：am + done ✅ 例句：The oil and salt are added by the machine itself. 油和盐由机器自行添加。 （2）一般过去时被动（was/were + done） ✅ 结构： 单数：was + done 复数：were + done ✅ 例句：A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901. 一条无线电信息在 1901 年首次被跨大西洋发送。 （3）情态动词被动（can/may/must/should + be + done） ✅ 结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 ✅ 例句：Toys can all be made by the 3D printer. 玩具都可以由 3D 打印机制作出来。 3. 记忆口诀 被动语态不算难，be 加过去分词完； 现在 is/are 过去 was/were，情态后面 be 不变； 谁做的人想点明，by 短语放后边。 【即时小练】 1.The smart watch ______ (use) to check our health data every day. 2.The first computer ______ (invent) in the 1940s. 3.Lots of new bridges ______ (build) in our province last year. 4.The new energy car can ______ (control) by a mobile phone. 5.Must this task ______ (finish) before this weekend? 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1.—Can you print my homework? —Sorry, the _________(打印机)doesn't work. 2.This factory ___________ /prəˈdjuːs/ paper. 3.—Where is your homework? — It's in this _______(文件夹). 4.—May I use your ___________(电话)? — Sure. 5.—Where is Tom? —I s_________ he is at home. 6. One _________( 轮子)of my bike is broken. 7.—Why do people develop this industry? —It helps improve local ________( 经济)conditions. 8. —What is r___________ for the big change? — The new technology. 9.—Why is the city changing so fast? —It's because of ________(迅速的 ) development. 10.My father uses a __________(笔记本电脑）for work. 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1. We are looking ___________( improve )our English grades this term 2. My hands are ___________(stick) after eating candy 3. The snack is a clever _________(create) of the chef. 4. This dress isn't ________(suit) for the party. 5. This room is _________(idea)for reading 6. Telephone is one of the most important__________(invent). 7. We are supposed _________( obey )school rules. 8.— Is your dream easy to come true? —Dreams are different from _______(real). 9.It is ____________(believe) that tea was invented in China. 10.Wood is used _________(make) paper. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.而且因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 And ____________ the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 2.全世界的人都热爱运动。 People _______________like sports. 3.令我惊讶的是，他买了一台新笔记本电脑。 _____________, he bought a new laptop. 4.别着急，我稍后再跟你讲这件事。 Don’t worry. I’ll tell you the story_____________. 5.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。The Internet_____________ our daily life. 6.这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ What can the special glasses ______________? 7.据报道在我们城镇将要建立一家新工厂。______________that a new factory will be built in our town. 8. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。A mini-camera _____________ the front of the glasses. 9.所有这些事物都依靠一项发明——造纸术。 All of these things ___________ one invention—paper making. 10.相较于其他所有发明，它让信息得以快速传播，并构筑起了现代世界。 _____________all other inventions, it made information spread quickly and __________ the modern world. 四、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It 1.______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 2._________(high) railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.______ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes 4.______ (use) to keep the ground hard. 5._________, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to 6.______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges 7.______ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and 8.______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway 9. _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help 10.______ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. 五、单项选择 1. Sharing your feelings with friends often _________ closer friendship。 A. turns into B. comes to C. leads to D. takes off 2. His family is too poor to _________ the children's education fees. A. affect B. pay C. afford D. choose 3. We need to __________ to finish homework on time. A. cheer up B.speed up C. wake up D. make up 4.—Are these books all useful? —________ of them are useful for me. A. Neither B. None C. Nothing D. Either 5.— How do I turn on the machine? — ________this button. A. Press B. Put C. Shut D. Get 6.—How many books are there? —_________ them. A.Hundreds of B. Two hundreds C. Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 7. You should use your own shopping bags instead of plastic bags when you go shopping. A.wooden B. metal C. plastic D. cotton 8.The mini-programme "Clear Plate" is popular among young people. It ______ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 9.Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 10.Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song __________ (create) in the 1940s. A. was created B. created C. creates D. is created 11.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. A. is praised B. praised C. has praised D. was praised 12.—The robots ______ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing 13.— ______ you ever ______ Dounan Flower Market yet? —Yes. I went there last year and saw different kinds of flowers. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Are; visiting 14.—What's the ________of the box? — It's square. A. color B. size C. shape D. price 15.They worked hard so they ________ buy what they wanted and had a little fun. A. should B. would C. must D. could 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Power of Ideas（复习讲义) 复习要点 1、词汇积累：掌握发明主题词形转换，熟记造纸、飞行器等话题词汇，熟练应对词形填空。 2、核心语法：吃透一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态，分清主动、被动句式，能用被动语态描述发明制造过程。 3、阅读训练：梳理三篇课文关键信息，掌握发明者、发明背景、发展与影响，搞定信息匹配、流程排序题型。 4、输出运用：学会描述发明特征、利弊；写作按照发明者、起因、材料、难点、影响的结构成文。 复习重难点 重点：两种基础被动语态结构、过去分词变化；话题词性转换；阅读核心史实；发明相关交际句型。 难点：区分主动句与被动句，辨别时态；牢记不规则动词过去分词；读懂长难句，理清代词指代；梳理发明完整流程；写作中灵活使用被动语态，清晰阐述发明带来的影响。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? 彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？（教材P4） 【详解】 ① invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明，创造→ inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家（人）→invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 物（事物） ② useful adj. →：use v./n. 使用；反义词 useless adj. 无用的 固定短语，be useful for sth. 对某事有帮助 ③of all time 固定搭配：有史以来，至今 功能：用于形容词最高级后限定时间范围，可与 in history 同义替换。 【即时小练】 1.Edison was a great______ (invent), the light bulb______ (invent) by him.It is one of the most useful ______ (invent). 【答案】inventor; was invented; inventions 【详解】句意：爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，灯泡是由他发明的，它是最实用的发明之一。第一空a great 后接指人的名词，填inventor；第二空主语与invent为被动关系，用一般过去时被动语态，填was invented； 第三空考查one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构，填inventions。 2.The Internet is a very ______ (use) tool in modern life. It ______ (use) by people around the world, and it is one of the ______ (use) inventions in human history. 【答案】useful; is used; most useful 【详解】句意：互联网是现代生活中一种非常有用的工具。它被全世界的人们所使用，同时它也是人类历史上最有用的发明之一。第一空修饰名词 tool，需填形容词形式，填 useful；第二空主语与 use 为被动关系，描述客观常态用一般现在时被动语态，填 is used；第三空考查one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构，需填 use 的形容词最高级形式 most useful。 知识点2：Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 没错。而且得益于收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 【详解】 ①辨析：because of与 because 的区别 because 是连词，后接完整句子（有主语 + 谓语）。例句：He was late because he missed the bus.（接句子） because of 是介词短语，后接名词性成分。 例句：He was late because of the heavy traffic.（接名词短语） ②develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 发展；研发；开发。本句中取 “研发、研制” 的含义 词形拓展：development n. 发展；过去分词：developed（被动语态的核心形式） ③as well 也；还 用法：通常放在句末，前面不加逗号，仅用于肯定句 【易混辨析】 also / too / as well / either also 用于肯定句句中（be 动词后、实义动词前） He also spends his pocket money on science books. 他也会把零花钱用在买科学书上。 too 用于肯定句、疑问句句末（可加逗号） I enjoy reading storybooks. My best friend enjoys them too. 我喜欢读故事书，我最好的朋友也喜欢。 as well 用于肯定句句末（不加逗号） Li Ming is good at physics, and he does well in chemistry as well. 李明擅长物理，他化学也学得很好。 either 用于否定句句末（不加逗号） I don’t eat spicy food. My sister doesn’t like it either. 我不吃辣，我妹妹也不喜欢。 【即时小练】 1.同义句改写 Tom didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. = Tom didn’t go to school yesterday___________________ 【答案】because of his illness 【详解】原句用 because 引导原因状语从句，改写后需用 because of 接名词短语作原因状语。ill 对应的名词为 illness，故填 because of his illness。 2. 单项选择题 My brother likes collecting stamps, and he enjoys taking photos ______. A. either B. as well C. also D. neither 【答案】B 【详解】句子是肯定句，空格在句末，表示 “也”，符合 as well 的使用规则。 错误选项分析： A. either 只能用于否定句末尾，表 “也不”，本句是肯定句，排除。 C. also 要放在句中（be 动词后、实义动词前），不能放在句末，排除。 D. neither 意为 “两者都不”，表否定含义，与句意不符，排除。 3.用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 With the fast ______ (develop) of the Internet, online study is becoming popular. 【答案】development 【详解】空格前有定冠词 the 和形容词 fast，后面需要接名词。develop 的名词形式是 development，意为 “发展”。固定搭配：the development of ... 表示 “…… 的发展”。 知识点3：It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world.它也对音乐产生了重大影响。收音机让人们能更便捷地欣赏来自世界各地艺人的音乐。 【详解】 ①have a big effect on… 对…… 有重大影响 同义替换：have a great influence on（写作可升级） 例句：Mobile phones have a big effect on our life. 手机对我们的生活影响很大。 ②make it + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事是…… 的 it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的 to do 不定式 ③much easier：容易得多 much 放在比较级前，表示 “…… 得多”，同类：much better 好得多，much harder 难得多 【即时小练】 1.根据汉语提示完成句子。 有些学生认为学好英语很难，但是如果你找到正确的方法，它将会对你的英语产生很大影响 Some students think______to learn English well, but if you find the right ways, it will _______your English. 【答案】it difficult; have a big effect on 【详解】第一空考查句型 it + 形容词 + to do sth.，表示“做某事是……的”，故填 it difficult；第二空结合短语 have a big effect on，意为“对……产生很大影响”，will 后接动词原形，故填 have a big effect on。 2.单项选择 He found ________ difficult to fall sleep. A. This B. him C. it D. that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他发现入睡很困难。固定结构 find it + 形容词 + to do sth.，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式，故选 C。 知识点4: Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook.智能烹饪机能做出数百种菜品。 【详解】 hundreds of 数百的；成百上千的（模糊数量，不精确） 辨析：① 基数词 + hundred（单数，无 s，不加 of）：表确切数字 two hundred students 两百名学生 ② hundreds of（hundred 加 s + of）：笼统数百，模糊数量 hundreds of trees 数百棵树 拓展：thousand/million/billion 1）模糊概数（词尾+s + of） thousands of 数千的，成千上万的，millions of 数百万的， billions of 数十亿的 2） 确切数字（不加 s、不加 of） three thousand people 三千人， five million stars 五百万颗星星 【即时小练】 1. _________ books are on the shelf. 架子上有五百本书。 A. Five hundreds B. Five hundred C. Hundred of D. Five hundred of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：架子上有五百本书。hundred 前有具体数字时，用单数形式，不加 s 和 of；表示模糊数量时，用 hundreds of。five 是具体数字，故选 B。 2.Every year, _____________ (thousand) of trees are planted in our city. 【答案】thousands 【详解】句意：我们城市每年都会栽种成千上万棵树。空格后有 of，此处表示模糊数量，用固定搭配 thousands of，故填 thousands。 知识点5: What can the special glasses be used for?这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ be used for + 名词/doing sth：被用来做某事（表用途） 【易混辨析】 be used for sth./doing sth. 被用来做某事（强调用途） The knife is used for cutting meat. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 （和 for doing 可互换） The knife is used to cut meat. be used as sth. 被当作…… 来使用 The box is used as a small table. be used by sb. 被某人使用 This tool is used by cooks. 【即时小练】 1.The machine is used for _________(make) noodles. 【答案】making 【详解】句意：这台机器是用来做面条的。固定搭配 be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”，介词 for 后接动名词形式，故填 making。 2.Mike ________ take the bus to school,but now he ________riding to school. A. is used to, used to B. is used for, is used to C. used to, is used to D. used to, used to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克过去常常坐公交去上学，但是现在他习惯骑车去上学。used to do sth. 表示“过去常常 做某事”；be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”，结合句意及用法，故选 C。 知识点6: It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine.按下按钮启动机器时，本不该发出这么大的噪音。 【详解】 be supposed to do sth. 核心含义：理应做某事、本该做某事，侧重 “按规则、设计、常理预期应当发生” 否定形式：be not supposed to do sth. 本不该做某事、不应当做某事 时态变化： 现在时：am/is/are supposed to 过去时：was/were supposed to（本句用的是过去时否定 wasn’t supposed to） 近义词：should，但 be supposed to 更强调 “按预设本该如此”，常用来表达 “事与愿违” 的语气。 【即时小练】 1.In China, people are supposed_________（shake）hands when they meet for the first time. 【答案】to shake 【详解】句意：在中国，人们第一次见面时应该握手。固定搭配 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”， 故填 to shake。 2.You aren’t _________(suppose) to smoke here. 【答案】supposed 【详解】句意：你不可以在这里吸烟。固定搭配 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，此处为否定形式 aren't supposed to do，故填 supposed。 知识点7: It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 【详解】 It is + 过去分词 + that 从句 这是本句最重要的考点，属于形式主语句型。 句首的 it 是形式主语， 句子真正的主语是后面 that 引导的一整句话，也就是 “世界上最古老的轮子在东欧被发现” 这件事。 结构公式：It + be + 动词过去分词 + that + 完整句子 本句改写为主动句：People believe that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe.（人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。） 拓展：1）It is said that… 据说…… It is said that he will leave. 据说他要离开了。公司 2）It is reported that… 据报道…… It is reported that a new factory will be built. 3）It is known that… 众所周知…… It is known that the earth goes around the sun. 【即时小练】 1. It is _________ (believe) that the first paper was created by Cai Lun in ancient China. 【答案】believed 【详解】句意：人们认为古代中国的蔡伦发明了第一张纸。固定句型 It is believed that... 表示“人们认为/据 说……”，故填 believed。 2.据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。 _________________ a new robot will be shown in the science museum next month. 【答案】It is said that 【详解】句意：据说一台新型机器人将于下个月在科技馆展出。固定句型 It is said that... 意为“据说……”， 故填 It is said that。 知识点8: It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.比起其他任何发明，正是它促成了信息的快速传播，而这些信息塑造了现代世界。 【详解】 ①more than any other invention... 含义：比其他任何一项发明都更…… 语法身份：插入语，放在主语和谓语之间，前后用逗号隔开，起强调作用；去掉之后句子主干依然完整。 核心考点：用比较级表达最高级含义，是初中单选、同义句转换的高频句型。 公式：比较级 + than + any other + 可数名词单数（同一范围内比较） 本句等价于：It was the most responsible for the rapid spread of information among all inventions. 易混补充：如果是不同范围比较，不用 other，直接用 any + 名词单数。 例：China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何国家都大。（中国不在非洲，属于不同范围） ②be responsible for... 本句是事物作主语，不能直译成 “负责”，核心含义是：是…… 的原因；促成、推动。 两种常见用法： 人作主语：对…… 负有责任（表义务、职责） 例：You are responsible for finishing your homework on time. 你要对按时完成作业负责。 事物作主语：是…… 的主要原因；促成（本句用法） 例：Poor sleep is responsible for bad moods. 睡眠不足是坏情绪的诱因之一。 名词变形：responsibility 责任 ③the rapid spread of information spread 此处作名词，意为 “传播、扩散” 词形特点：spread 动词和名词同形，过去式、过去分词仍为 spread（不规则变化，词尾不加 ed） 常见搭配：the spread of knowledge 知识的传播 【即时小练】 1.Heavy rain was _________ the flood. A. thirsty for B. thankful to C. surprised at D. responsible for 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大雨引发了这场洪水。be responsible for 意为“对……负责；是……的原因”；be thirsty for 渴望；be thankful to 感谢；be surprised at 对……感到惊讶。结合句意，故选 D。 2.He takes ___________(responsible) for the accident. 【答案】responsibility 【详解】句意：他为这起事故负责。固定搭配 take responsibility for 为……负责，此处需填名词，故填 responsibility。 知识点9: However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. 然而，它的发明者奥维尔·莱特与威尔伯·莱特当初似乎压根没想过要改变世界。 【详解】 1. 核心句型：It seems that… （似乎……） 这是典型的it 作形式主语，句首的 it 是形式主语。真正的主语是后面 that 引导的一整句话 结构公式：It seems + that + 完整句子 同义转换： It seems that + 句子 = 主语 + seem(s) + to do sth. 本句可改写为：However, its inventors seem not to have looked to change the world at all. 例句： It seems that it is going to rain. = It seems to rain. 好像要下雨了。 2.be looking to do sth 打算/力求/设法做某事（侧重谋求、计划做成） The company is looking to develop new products.这家公司力求研发新产品。 【即时小练】 We are looking _________( cut )costs. 【答案】to cut 【详解】句意：我们正力求降低成本。固定搭配 be looking to do sth. 力求/打算做某事，故填 to cut。 知识点10: A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.一个微型摄像头被安装在眼镜前端。 The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 油和盐也由机器自动添加。 Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.：玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房屋都可以由这台 3D 打印机制作。 A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.1901 年，人类首次跨大西洋发送无线电报文。 【被动语态 易混辨析】 一般现在时（单数） is + 过去分词 is connected 一般现在时（复数） are + 过去分词 are added 一般过去时（单数） was + 过去分词 was sent 情态动词被动 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 can be made 【即时小练】 1.Around the world, 300 million tons of plastic________（create） each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea. 【答案】is created 【详解】句意：在全球范围内，每年产生 3 亿吨塑料，其中约 10%最终流入大海。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据 each year 可知用一般现在时；主语 plastic 与 create 是被动关系，表示“被生产、被制造”，用一般现在时的被动语态 is created。 2.My father is too tired. Something should______(do) to keep him relaxed. 【答案】be done 【详解】句意：我爸爸太累了。应该做些事让他放松。考查被动语态。something 与 do 是被动关系，应用 情态动词的被动语态。故为 be done。 3.AI tools ______ （use）in more fields in the future. 【答案】 will be used 【详解】句意：人工智能工具未来将在更多领域被使用。考查动词时态及被动语态。in the future 提示用一 般将来时，工具被使用，应用被动语态。故为 will be used。 单元语法：被动语态 1. 被动语态本质 （1）主动：主语发出动作 （2）被动：主语承受动作（被……） 结构通用公式：be + 动词过去分词 (done) ；by + 动作执行者（可省略） 2. 三大常用时态被动结构 （1）一般现在时被动（am/is/are + done） ✅ 结构：单数主语 / 不可数：is + done；复数主语：are + done；I：am + done ✅ 例句：The oil and salt are added by the machine itself. 油和盐由机器自行添加。 （2）一般过去时被动（was/were + done） ✅ 结构： 单数：was + done 复数：were + done ✅ 例句：A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901. 一条无线电信息在 1901 年首次被跨大西洋发送。 （3）情态动词被动（can/may/must/should + be + done） ✅ 结构：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 ✅ 例句：Toys can all be made by the 3D printer. 玩具都可以由 3D 打印机制作出来。 3. 记忆口诀 被动语态不算难，be 加过去分词完； 现在 is/are 过去 was/were，情态后面 be 不变； 谁做的人想点明，by 短语放后边。 【即时小练】 1.The smart watch ______ (use) to check our health data every day. 【答案】is used 【详解】时间标志 every day 表明句子用一般现在时；主语 the smart watch（智能手表）是动作 use 的承受者（被使用），且为单数名词，因此使用一般现在时被动语态结构 is + 过去分词，use 的过去分词为 used。 2.The first computer ______ (invent) in the 1940s. 【答案】was invented 【详解】时间标志 in the 1940s（20 世纪 40 年代）是过去的时间，句子用一般过去时；主语 the first computer 是动作 invent 的承受者（被发明），且为单数，因此使用一般过去时被动结构 was + 过去分词，invent 的过去分词为 invented。 3.Lots of new bridges ______ (build) in our province last year. 【答案】were built 【详解】时间标志 last year 表明句子用一般过去时；主语 lots of new bridges 是动作 build 的承受者（被建造），且为复数名词，因此使用一般过去时被动结构 were + 过去分词，build 的过去分词为 built。 4.The new energy car can ______ (control) by a mobile phone. 【答案】be controlled 【详解】情态动词 can 后必须接动词原形；主语 the new energy car 是动作 control 的承受者（被控制），因此使用情态动词被动结构 情态动词 + be + 过去分词，control 的过去分词为 controlled。 5.Must this task ______ (finish) before this weekend? 【答案】be finished 【详解】本句是情态动词 must 引导的一般疑问句，情态动词后始终接动词原形；主语 this task 是动作 finish 的承受者（被完成），疑问句中被动结构仍遵循 “情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词”，因此填 be finished。 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1.—Can you print my homework? —Sorry, the _________(打印机)doesn't work. 【答案】printer 【详解】此处需填写名词，printer 表示“打印机”，符合语境。 2.This factory ___________ /prəˈdjuːs/ paper. 【答案】produces 【详解】音标对应单词produce，主语this factory是单数，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式produces 3.—Where is your homework? — It's in this _______(文件夹). 【答案】file 【详解】结合单元词汇要求，file 为本单元对应单词，意为“文件夹；文件”，this 后接可数名词单数，故 填file。 4.—May I use your ___________(电话)? — Sure. 【答案】phone/telephone 【详解】phone 和 telephone 都表示“电话”，两个单词均可作答。 5.—Where is Tom? —I s_________ he is at home. 【答案】suppose 【详解】结合首字母及句意，I suppose 为固定用法，意为“我认为、我猜想”。 6. One _________( 轮子)of my bike is broken. 【答案】wheel 【详解】wheel 意为“轮子”，one 后接可数名词单数，故填wheel。 7.—Why do people develop this industry? —It helps improve local ________( 经济)conditions. 【答案】economic 【详解】此处需要形容词修饰名词conditions，economic 表示“经济的”。 8. —What is r___________ for the big change? — The new technology. 【答案】responsible 【详解】固定搭配be responsible for 意为“是……的原因；对……负责”，结合首字母填responsible。 9.—Why is the city changing so fast? —It's because of ________(迅速的 ) development. 【答案】rapid 【详解】形容词rapid 表示“迅速的”，用来修饰名词development。 学10.My father uses a __________(笔记本电脑）for work. 【答案】laptop 【详解】laptop 意为“笔记本电脑”，a 后接单数名词，故填laptop。 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1. We are looking ___________( improve )our English grades this term 【答案】to improve 【详解】固定搭配 be looking to do sth. 意为“打算/力求做某事”，故填 to improve。 2. My hands are ___________(stick) after eating candy 【答案】sticky 【详解】此处用形容词作表语，sticky 表示“黏的”，故填 sticky。 3. The snack is a clever _________(create) of the chef. 【答案】creation 【详解】形容词 clever 后接名词，creation 意为“创作物；作品”，故填 creation。 4. This dress isn't ________(suit) for the party. 【答案】suitable 【详解】固定搭配 be suitable for 意为“适合……”，故填 suitable。 5. This room is _________(idea)for reading 【答案】ideal 【详解】形容词 ideal 表示“理想的,合适的”，作表语，be ideal for 意为“非常适合”，故填 ideal。 6. Telephone is one of the most important__________(invent). 【答案】inventions 【详解】one of 后接可数名词复数，invention 意为“发明物”，复数形式为 inventions。 7. We are supposed _________( obey )school rules. 【答案】to obey 【详解】固定结构 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填 to obey。 8.— Is your dream easy to come true? —Dreams are different from _______(real). 【答案】reality 【详解】介词 from 后接名词，reality 表示“现实”，故填 reality。 9.It is ____________(believe) that tea was invented in China. 【答案】believed 【详解】固定句型 It is believed that... 意为“人们认为……”，故填 believed。 10.Wood is used _________(make) paper. 【答案】to make 【详解】固定搭配 be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，故填 to make。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.而且因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继被研发出来。 And ____________ the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. 【答案】because of 【详解】because of 后接名词短语，意为“因为”，the radio 为名词短语，符合用法。 2.全世界的人都热爱运动。 People _______________like sports. 【答案】all over the world 【详解】all over the world 表示“全世界”，作后置定语修饰 people。 3.令我惊讶的是，他买了一台新笔记本电脑。 _____________, he bought a new laptop. 【答案】To my surprise 【详解】固定搭配 to one's surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”。 4.别着急，我稍后再跟你讲这件事。 Don’t worry. I’ll tell you the story_____________. 【答案】later on 【详解】固定短语 later on 意为“稍后、随后”，在句中作时间状语。 5.互联网对我们的日常生活影响很大。The Internet_____________ our daily life. 【答案】has a great effect on 【详解】固定搭配 have a great effect on 表示“对……影响很大”；主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 6.这种特制眼镜能用来做什么？ What can the special glasses ______________? 【答案】be used for 【详解】固定结构 be used for 意为“被用来做某事”，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 7.据报道在我们城镇将要建立一家新工厂。______________that a new factory will be built in our town. 【答案】It is reported 【详解】固定句型 It is reported that... 意为“据报道……”。 8. 一个微型摄像头被连接在眼镜前端。A mini-camera _____________ the front of the glasses. 【答案】is connected to 【详解】be connected to 表示“被连接到……”，本句使用一般现在时的被动语态。 9.所有这些事物都依靠一项发明——造纸术。 All of these things ___________ one invention—paper making. 【答案】depend on 【详解】固定短语 depend on 意为“依靠；依赖”，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。 10.相较于其他所有发明，它让信息得以快速传播，并构筑起了现代世界。 _____________all other inventions, it made information spread quickly and __________ the modern world. 【答案】Compared with；built up 【详解】compared with 意为“与……相比”；build up 表示“构建、建立”，句子为一般过去时，故填 built up。 四、阅读填空。 The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It 1.______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the 2._________(high) railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas 3.______ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes 4.______ (use) to keep the ground hard. 5._________, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to 6.______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges 7.______ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and 8.______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway 9. _________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help 10.______ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. 【答案】1. connects 2. highest 3. were needed 4. were used 5. However 6. be created 7. were built 8. allow 9. has increased 10.(to) improve 【解析】 本文介绍了青藏铁路，讲述其修建难题、应对办法以及它对当地发展带来的积极影响。 1.陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语 It 为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 connects 。 2. 由定冠词 the 以及 in the world 可知，此处用形容词最高级，故填 highest。 3. 主语与动词为被动关系，结合上下文时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，用一般过去时被动语态故填 were needed。 4. 主语 pipes 和 use 构成被动关系，时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，使用一般过去时被动语态，故填 were used。 5 前文介绍解决冻土问题的办法，此处表示转折，空后有逗号，用转折副词 However。 6. have to 后接动词原形，主语 tunnels 与 create 为被动关系，故用原形被动形式故填 be created。 7. 主语 bridges 和 build 是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，采用一般过去时被动语态，故填 were built。 8.and 连接并列谓语，主语为复数，时态为一般现在时，谓语用动词原形故填 allow。 9. 强调动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语为单数，故用 has+过去分词，故填 has increased。 10 故填. 固定搭配 help (to) do sth.，（to）improve。 五、单项选择 1. Sharing your feelings with friends often _________ closer friendship。 A. turns into B. comes to C. leads to D. takes off 【答案】C 【解析】句意：和朋友分享感受往往会加深友谊。lead to 意为“促成、带来”；turn into 变成，come to 来 到，take off 起飞、脱掉，均不符合语境。 2. His family is too poor to _________ the children's education fees. A. affect B. pay C. afford D. choose 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他家太穷，负担不起孩子们的学费。afford 表示“负担得起”；affect 影响，pay 支付（后 常接 for），choose 选择。 3. We need to __________ to finish homework on time. A. cheer up B.speed up C. wake up D. make up 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们得加快速度，才能按时完成作业。speed up 意为“加快速度”；cheer up 振作起来，wake up 醒来，make up 编造。 4.—Are these books all useful? —________ of them are useful for me. A. Neither B. None C. Nothing D. Either 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这些书都有用吗？——对我来说一本都没用。none 指代多本书，表示“三者及以上全 都不”；neither、either 用于两者，nothing 不能与 of 连用。 5.— How do I turn on the machine? — ________this button. A. Press B. Put C. Shut D. Get 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——这台机器怎么开机？——按下这个按钮。press 表示“按压”，press the button 是固定 搭配；put 放置，shut 关闭，get 得到。 6.—How many books are there? —_________ them. A.Hundreds of B. Two hundreds C. Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——有多少本书？——数以百计。hundred 前有具体数字时，用单数且不加 s 和 of；表泛指“数以百计”用 hundreds of，B、C、D 形式均错误。 7. You should use your own shopping bags instead of plastic bags when you go shopping. A.wooden B. metal C. plastic D. cotton 【答案】C 【解析】句意：购物时你应该使用自备购物袋，而不要用塑料袋。plastic 意为“塑料的”；wooden 木制的， metal 金属的，cotton 棉质的。 8.The mini-programme "Clear Plate" is popular among young people. It ______ to help deal with food waste. A. will design B. will be designed C. designs D. is designed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“光盘”小程序在年轻人中很受欢迎。它是为帮助解决食物浪费问题而设计的。考查被动语 态。小程序被设计，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选 D。 9.Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【解析】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days” 可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选 C。 10.Song Shoulian, the third-generation inheritor (第三代传唱人) of the tune, told reporters that the song __________ (create) in the 1940s. A. was created B. created C. creates D. is created 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这首歌创作于 20 世纪 40 年代，承载着沂蒙地区质朴而勤劳的精神内涵。根据“in the 1940s” 可知，此处是一般过去时。分析句子可知，主语 the song 与谓语 create 之间是被动关系，故此处是一般过去时的被动语态 was/were done。主语是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was。故选 A。 11.Her wonderful performance ___________ (praise) by many people. A. is praised B. praised C. has praised D. was praised 【答案】was praised 【解析】句意：她的精彩表演受到了许多人的赞扬。根据“Her wonderful performance...by many people.”可知， 表演被赞扬，用被动语态，结合语境可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是单数，be 动词用 was，praise 的过去分词是 praised。故选 D。 12.—The robots ______ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——机器人们正互相竞争冲向终点线。——太激动人心了！我们的机器人要赢了。考查动 词时态。根据语境可知动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。故选 D。 13.— ______ you ever ______ Dounan Flower Market yet? —Yes. I went there last year and saw different kinds of flowers. A. Do; visit B. Did; visit C. Have; visited D. Are; visiting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你曾经去过斗南花市吗？——去过。我去年去的，看到了各种各样的花。 考查动词时态。根据标志词“ever”（曾经）和“yet”（还、已经，用于疑问句）可知，句子需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语是 you，助动词用 have，visit 的过去分词是 visited。故选 C。 14.—What's the ________of the box? — It's square. A. color B. size C. shape D. price 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——这个盒子是什么形状的？——它是方形的。shape 表示“形状”；color 颜色，size 尺 寸，price 价格，均不符合答语。 15.They worked hard so they ________ buy what they wanted and had a little fun. A. should B. would C. must D. could 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他们努力工作，所以他们能够买自己想要的东西，也能找点乐趣。此处表示“能够、可以”， 用 could。should 应该，would 将会，must 必须，均不符合句意。故选 D。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $