10-高考阅读理解专题 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过典例解析构建“定位-分析-推断”解题体系，逻辑链清晰，适配二轮专项突破需求，助力语言能力与思维品质提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |第一节（四选一）|典例8题|细节定位（如湿地功能题定位原文关键句）、干扰项排除（如武汉措施题排除传统方案）、逻辑推理（如消费心理题分析社会认同机制）|围绕自然/社会科学主题，构建“现象-原理-应用”信息链，考查信息获取与深度理解| |第二节（七选五）|典例5题|上下文逻辑衔接（如反馈技巧题分析行为-态度-效果关联）、句式转换（如“我”语句法提升协作感）|以实用技能为载体，形成“原则-方法-效果”逻辑链，考查语篇结构与连贯能力|

Branch 10 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A As cities expand and climate change intensifies, urban flooding has become a pressing global concern. Traditional engineering solutions, such as concrete drainage systems, often prove insufficient during extreme rainfall events. In response, many cities are turning to a more ancient and natural approach: restoring and creating urban wetlands. These ecosystems, once viewed as wastelands to be drained and developed, are now recognized as critical infrastructure for flood management. Wetlands function like giant sponges. During heavy rain, they absorb excess water, slowing its flow and reducing the peak volume that enters drainage systems. This natural storage capacity not only prevents flash floods but also filters pollutants from the water, improving water quality before it reaches rivers and reservoirs. A single hectare of wetland can store up to 5,000 cubic meters of water, making it far more efficient than many human-made storage facilities. The benefits extend beyond flood control. Urban wetlands serve as habitats for numerous species, many of which are struggling to survive in cities. Birds, amphibians, and insects thrive in these green spaces, contributing to urban biodiversity. Additionally, wetlands provide recreational opportunities for residents, offering a peaceful escape from the concrete jungle. Studies have shown that access to such natural spaces reduces stress and improves mental well-being, creating a positive impact on public health. China has been a leader in this movement. The city of Wuhan, often called the "City of a Thousand Lakes," has invested heavily in wetland restoration projects. By connecting existing lakes and creating new marshlands, Wuhan has significantly reduced its flood risk while enhancing the quality of life for its residents. Other Chinese cities, including Shanghai and Guangzhou, are following suit, incorporating wetland design into their urban planning policies. Despite the clear advantages, challenges remain. Wetlands require large areas of land, which is often scarce in dense urban environments. Maintenance costs can also be substantial, and there is a constant struggle against pollution from nearby industrial and residential areas. Nevertheless, as climate change makes extreme weather more frequent, the value of these natural defenses will only continue to grow. 1.What is the main function of urban wetlands during heavy rainfall? A. They drain water directly into rivers at high speed. B. They absorb and slow down the flow of excess water. C. They block all water from entering the city. D. They pump water to other regions. 2.How do wetlands benefit urban biodiversity? A. By providing habitats for various species. B. By introducing non-native species to the city. C. By replacing all parks with wetlands. D. By reducing the number of insects. 3.What did the city of Wuhan do to manage flood risks? A. It built more concrete drainage systems. B. It relocated residents to higher ground. C. It restored and connected lakes and marshlands. D. It banned all construction near water bodies. 4.What is one challenge mentioned for maintaining urban wetlands? A. They attract too many tourists. B. They are too expensive to build initially. C. They require large land areas which are scarce in cities. D. They are ineffective during small rain events. B Why do some people actively seek out eco-friendly products while others seem indifferent to environmental concerns? The answer lies not only in economic factors but also in a complex web of psychological drivers. Understanding these motivations is essential for designing effective campaigns that promote sustainable behavior. One powerful factor is social identity. People often make consumption choices that align with the groups they wish to belong to. If a person views themselves as an environmentalist, they are more likely to buy organic food, use reusable bags, and avoid single-use plastics. Conversely, individuals who identify with groups that are skeptical about climate change may reject eco-friendly products as a way of signaling their group membership. This phenomenon explains why sustainability campaigns that use community-based approaches are often more effective than those that focus solely on individual appeals. Emotion also plays a critical role. Feelings of guilt about one's carbon footprint can motivate people to change their habits, but only up to a point. Excessive guilt can lead to avoidance—people simply stop thinking about the issue. Positive emotions, such as pride in making a good choice or the joy of participating in a community effort, have been shown to be more sustainable motivators. Campaigns that highlight the positive outcomes of green behavior, such as cleaner neighborhoods or healthier families, tend to produce longer-lasting behavioral changes. Another psychological factor is the "value-action gap." Many people express strong concern for the environment in surveys but fail to act on these values in their daily purchasing decisions. This gap is often caused by convenience. If sustainable options are difficult to find, more expensive, or less effective than conventional alternatives, even well-intentioned consumers will choose the easier path. Making green products affordable, accessible, and attractive is therefore crucial for bridging this gap. Finally, the human brain is wired for immediate rewards rather than future benefits. The consequences of unsustainable consumption, such as rising sea levels or species extinction, feel distant and abstract. Effective campaigns must make the benefits of sustainable choices feel tangible and immediate—for example, by showing how using a reusable bottle saves money today, rather than how it might help the planet in fifty years. 5.According to the passage, what influences people's consumption choices based on social identity? A. Their income level and education background. B. Their desire to fit in with certain social groups. C. Their personal dislike of advertising campaigns. D. Their childhood experiences with nature. 6.What does the author say about guilt as a motivator for sustainable behavior? A. It is the most effective long-term motivator. B. It works well but only in wealthy countries. C. It can be effective but excessive guilt may backfire. D. It has no effect on people's consumption habits. 7.What does the term "value-action gap" refer to? A. The difference between what people say and what they do. B. The gap between rich and poor countries in green technology. C. The distance between consumers and retail stores. D. The time lag between purchase and product delivery. 8.Why do people tend to prefer immediate rewards over future benefits? A. Because future benefits are not scientifically proven. B. Because humans are naturally wired for short-term gratification. C. Because sustainable products are always more expensive. D. Because people do not care about the environment. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C Giving feedback is an essential skill in both professional and personal relationships. Done well, it can inspire growth, strengthen trust, and improve performance. Done poorly, it can damage relationships and cause resentment. Learning to deliver feedback that is both honest and helpful is an art worth mastering. The first rule is to focus on the behavior, not the person. Instead of saying "You are careless," describe the specific action: "This report contains several data errors." (9) ______ When people feel attacked as individuals, they naturally become defensive and stop listening. Timing is equally important. Feedback is most effective when given soon after the event, while the details are still fresh. However, avoid giving feedback when emotions are running high—either yours or the recipient's. (10) ______ Choose a neutral time and private setting to ensure the conversation can be productive. When delivering feedback, it's helpful to use the "sandwich" method—starting with a positive comment, followed by the constructive criticism, and ending with another positive note. (11) ______ The goal is to encourage improvement without discouraging effort. Equally important is the attitude you bring to the conversation. Use "I" statements to express your perspective, such as "I noticed that..." rather than "You failed to..." (12) ______ People respond better when they feel they are being supported rather than blamed. Finally, feedback should be a two-way conversation, not a lecture. After sharing your observations, invite the recipient to share their perspective. (13) ______ Asking open-ended questions like "What was your intention?" promotes understanding and problem-solving. 选项（A-G）： A. This approach softens the impact of criticism and makes it more palatable. B. This also helps you avoid making the recipient feel personally blamed. C. This keeps the conversation focused on solutions and mutual understanding. D. It is better to wait until both parties have calmed down. E. This simple shift in language can make your feedback feel more collaborative. F. You should always write your feedback down before delivering it. G. This way, you ensure that your feedback is always negative. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：第二段明确指出湿地在暴雨期间"absorb excess water, slowing its flow and reducing the peak volume that enters drainage systems"，即吸收并减缓多余水流。A项"高速排入河流"与"减缓"相反；C项"阻挡所有水"过于绝对；D项"将水抽到其他地区"未提及。 第2题 答案：A 解析：第三段提到"Urban wetlands serve as habitats for numerous species... contributing to urban biodiversity"，即为各种物种提供栖息地。B项"引入非本地物种"、C项"取代所有公园"、D项"减少昆虫"均未提及或相反。 第3题 答案：C 解析：第四段提到武汉"By connecting existing lakes and creating new marshlands"来降低洪水风险。A项"建更多混凝土排水系统"是传统方案，非武汉做法；B项"搬迁居民"、D项"禁止在水体附近建设"均未提及。 第4题 答案：C 解析：最后一段指出"Wetlands require large areas of land, which is often scarce in dense urban environments"。A项"吸引太多游客"、B项"初始建设成本太高"（原文是维护成本）、D项"在小雨中无效"均未提及。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：第二段指出"People often make consumption choices that align with the groups they wish to belong to"，即融入特定社会群体的愿望。A项"收入和学历"、C项"不喜欢广告"、D项"童年与自然的接触"均未提及或不是主要因素。 第6题 答案：C 解析：第三段指出内疚感"can motivate people... but only up to a point. Excessive guilt can lead to avoidance"，即可能有效但过度会适得其反。A项"最有效的长期动机"与"积极情绪更持久"相反；B项"仅适用于富裕国家"未提及；D项"没有效果"与"可以激励"矛盾。 第7题 答案：A 解析：第四段解释"value-action gap"指"Many people express strong concern for the environment in surveys but fail to act on these values in their daily purchasing decisions"，即人们所说与所做之间的差距。B项"贫富国家技术差距"、C项"消费者与商店距离"、D项"购买与交付时间差"均不正确。 第8题 答案：B 解析：最后一段指出"the human brain is wired for immediate rewards rather than future benefits"，即人类天生倾向于短时满足。A项"未来收益未经科学证明"、C项"可持续产品总是更贵"、D项"人们不关心环境"均不正确。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：B 解析：前文建议"关注行为而非人"，举例说明不要说你粗心而要说报告有数据错误。B项"这也能帮你避免让接收者感到被个人责备"解释了这种方法的好处，与后文"当人们感到被个人攻击时会防御"形成因果逻辑。 第10题 答案：D 解析：前文"避免在情绪高涨时给予反馈"，D项"最好等到双方都冷静下来"是对此的直接承接和具体建议，后文"选择中立时间和私密场所"进一步说明具体操作。 第11题 答案：A 解析：前文介绍了"三明治"反馈法（正面-批评-正面），A项"这种方法缓和批评的冲击力，使其更容易接受"直接评价了该方法的优点，后文"目的是鼓励改进而不打击努力"是对其效果的进一步阐述。 第12题 答案：E 解析：前文具体说明了从"你没能……"改为"我注意到……"这种语言转换，E项"这种简单的语言转换能让你的反馈更具协作感"点明了该技巧的作用，后文"被支持而非被指责"进一步解释效果。 第13题 答案：C 解析：前文"邀请接收者分享他们的观点"，后文"提问'你的意图是什么？'促进理解和解决问题"。C项"这使对话聚焦于解决方案和相互理解"总结了双向对话的价值，承上启下。F项"反馈前总应书面准备"文中未提及且过于绝对；G项"这样确保你的反馈永远是负面的"与全文倡导"建设性"的基调完全相悖。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $