04-高考阅读理解专题 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读理解核心题型，通过典例解析构建“定位-分析-推理”解题体系，逻辑链清晰，兼顾语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|2题（1、3题）|关键句定位法，选项与原文信息比对|从文本具体信息到选项筛选，建立“题干-原文-答案”对应逻辑| |词义猜测|2题（2、6题）|上下文语境分析法，同义/反义线索推断|通过语境语义关联，实现词汇意义的情境化理解| |态度判断|1题（4题）|正负情感词定位，观点句归纳|整合文本褒贬表述，形成对作者立场的综合判断| |七选五|5题（9-13题）|句间逻辑分析法（例证、并列、承上启下）|从篇章结构入手，构建“主题-论据-结论”的逻辑链条|

Branch 04 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A For decades, China has been actively engaged in providing assistance to African nations, a relationship built on mutual respect and shared development goals. Unlike Western aid models that often come with strict conditions, China's approach emphasizes non-interference and win-win cooperation. This philosophy has gained considerable support among African countries, many of which appreciate the flexibility and practicality of Chinese partnerships. One notable example is the construction of infrastructure projects across the continent. Chinese companies have built railways, roads, and ports that connect previously isolated regions, facilitating trade and economic growth. In Kenya, the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway has significantly reduced travel time and lowered transportation costs, benefiting both businesses and ordinary citizens. Similarly, in Ethiopia, Chinese investment has helped develop industrial parks that create thousands of jobs for local residents. Beyond infrastructure, China has also contributed substantially to healthcare and education in Africa. Chinese medical teams have treated millions of patients in rural areas, offering essential services where facilities are scarce. Meanwhile, scholarship programs have enabled thousands of African students to study in Chinese universities, gaining knowledge and skills that they later apply to develop their home countries. Critics sometimes argue that Chinese aid is driven by self-interest, pointing to resource acquisition and market expansion. However, supporters counter that all international relations involve reciprocal benefits, and that Africa has clearly gained tangible advantages from this cooperation. The rising living standards and improved infrastructure in many African nations speak for themselves. Looking ahead, the China-Africa relationship is expected to deepen further, with increased focus on green energy, digital economy, and agricultural modernization. As one African diplomat remarked, "China is not just building roads and bridges—it is building bridges of understanding between peoples." This sentiment reflects the growing recognition that cooperation, rather than competition, is the key to a prosperous future for both sides. 1. What distinguishes China's aid model to Africa from Western models according to the passage? A. China provides more financial aid than Western countries. B. China emphasizes non-interference and win-win cooperation. C. China focuses only on infrastructure projects. D. China requires African countries to adopt its political system. 2. The underlined word "facilitating" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to: A. preventing B. promoting C. delaying D. complicating 3. What benefits has Chinese cooperation brought to Africa according to the passage? A. Only infrastructure development. B. Healthcare, education, infrastructure, and job creation. C. Political reform and democratic elections. D. Military support and security assistance. 4. What is the author's overall attitude toward ChinaAfrica cooperation? A. Strongly critical. B. Completely indifferent. C. Balanced and generally positive. D. Deeply skeptical. B Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly known as drones, have revolutionized numerous industries in recent years. Initially developed for military purposes, drones are now widely used in agriculture, logistics, environmental monitoring, and even entertainment. Their ability to access hard-to-reach areas and collect data with high precision has made them indispensable tools for modern society. In agriculture, drones equipped with advanced sensors can analyze crop health, detect pests, and evaluate soil conditions with remarkable accuracy. This enables farmers to apply pesticides and fertilizers more efficiently, reducing chemical usage and minimizing environmental impact. Consequently, crop yields have increased substantially in regions where drone technology has been adopted. The logistics sector has also benefited enormously from drone innovation. Companies like Amazon and JD.com are experimenting with drone delivery systems that can transport goods to remote locations within minutes. This is particularly valuable in emergency situations, such as delivering medical supplies to disaster-stricken areas where roads are impassable. The speed and efficiency of drone delivery could potentially save countless lives. However, the rapid growth of drone usage has also raised concerns. Privacy advocates warn that drones equipped with cameras could infringe on individual privacy rights. Safety experts point to the risk of collisions with manned aircraft and the potential for malicious use by criminals or terrorists. In response, governments worldwide have introduced regulations to govern drone operations, requiring pilots to obtain licenses and restricting flights near airports and crowded areas. Despite these challenges, the future of drone technology looks bright. Researchers are developing autonomous drones capable of making decisions without human intervention, which could open up even more possibilities in search and rescue, wildlife conservation, and urban planning. As technology continues to advance, drones will undoubtedly become even more integrated into our daily lives, offering solutions to problems we have not yet imagined. 5. What is one of the agricultural benefits of using drones mentioned in the passage? A. They can replace human farmers completely. B. They help apply pesticides more efficiently and reduce chemical usage. C. They can harvest crops automatically. D. They eliminate the need for soil analysis. 6. The underlined word "impassable" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to: A. dangerous B. narrow C. impossible to travel through D. unpaved 7. What concern about drones is raised in paragraph 4? A. They are too expensive for most companies. B. They may invade personal privacy and cause safety risks. C. They are not accurate enough for agricultural use. D. They consume too much energy. 8. What is the author's prediction about the future of drone technology? A. It will eventually be banned due to safety concerns. B. It will only be used for military purposes. C. It will become even more integrated into daily life with broader applications. D. It will replace all traditional forms of transportation. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C Archaeology is the scientific study of human history through the recovery and analysis of material remains. It is a discipline that combines curiosity with rigorous methodology, offering us a window into the lives of our ancestors. 9 From the pyramids of Egypt to the Terracotta Warriors of China, each discovery adds a piece to the puzzle of human civilization. One of the most fascinating aspects of archaeology is its ability to reveal the ordinary lives of ancient people, not just their kings and battles. 10 By studying household items, food remains, and burial practices, archaeologists can reconstruct daily routines, diet, and social structures that historical texts often overlook. This ground-level perspective helps us understand that ancient people were not so different from ourselves. Modern technology has transformed the field of archaeology dramatically. Techniques such as remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar, and DNA analysis allow researchers to discover sites and artifacts without disturbing them. 11 This approach preserves precious information for future generations while still yielding valuable insights. However, archaeology also faces serious challenges. Looting and illegal trade of antiquities destroy archaeological context, stripping artifacts of their historical meaning. 12 Climate change poses an additional threat, as rising sea levels and extreme weather events endanger coastal and low-lying sites around the world. Despite these obstacles, the importance of archaeology cannot be overstated. It reminds us of our shared humanity and the diverse paths that different societies have taken to reach the present. 13 By preserving the past, we enrich our understanding of the present and inform our choices for the future. A. This technology has revolutionized the way archaeologists work, making it possible to "see" underground without digging. B. The study of ancient civilizations has always been a popular subject among tourists. C. Archaeology is not just about finding treasures; it is about understanding the stories behind them. D. Similarly, urbanization and agricultural expansion are destroying many undiscovered sites before they can be studied. E. Every artifact tells a story, and it is the archaeologist's job to listen. F. Archaeology requires a great deal of patience and attention to detail. G. For example, the discovery of a single kitchen in Pompeii can tell us more about Roman daily life than a dozen historical texts. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：文中第一段明确指出："Unlike Western aid models that often come with strict conditions, China's approach emphasizes noninterference and winwin cooperation." A项"提供更多资金"、C项"只关注基础设施"、D项"要求非洲国家采用其政治体制"均与文意不符。 第2题 答案：B 解析："facilitating"意为"促进、推动"，与promoting（促进）意思最接近。preventing（阻止）、delaying（延迟）、complicating（使复杂化）均不符合语境。 第3题 答案：B 解析：文中第二段提到基础设施（railways, roads, ports）和就业（create jobs），第三段提到医疗（medical teams treat patients）和教育（scholarship programs），因此B项涵盖最全面。A项"仅有基础设施"过于片面，C项"政治改革"和D项"军事支持"文中均未提及。 第4题 答案：C 解析：全文既肯定中非合作的积极成果（infrastructure, healthcare, education），也提到批评者的观点（driven by self-interest），但最后以积极展望结束，因此作者态度是"平衡且总体积极"。A项"强烈批评"、B项"完全漠不关心"、D项"深感怀疑"均不准确。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：B 解析：文中第二段明确指出："This enables farmers to apply pesticides and fertilizers more efficiently, reducing chemical usage and minimizing environmental impact." A项"完全取代人类农民"、C项"自动收割作物"、D项"消除土壤分析需求"均与文意不符。 第6题 答案：C 解析："impassable"意为"无法通行的"，与impossible to travel through意思最接近。dangerous（危险的）、narrow（狭窄的）、unpaved（未铺砌的）均不符合语境。 第7题 答案：B 解析：文中第四段提到"Privacy advocates warn that drones equipped with cameras could infringe on individual privacy rights"和"Safety experts point to the risk of collisions"。A项"太贵"、C项"农业精度不足"、D项"能耗过高"均非文中提到的担忧。 第8题 答案：C 解析：文中最后一段指出"drones will undoubtedly become even more integrated into our daily lives, offering solutions to problems we have not yet imagined." A项"最终被禁止"、B项"仅用于军事"、D项"取代所有传统交通方式"均与文意不符。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：C 解析：前一句介绍考古学是什么，C项"考古学不仅仅是发现宝藏；而是理解它们背后的故事"承上启下，点明考古学的深层意义。后一句列举埃及金字塔和兵马俑的具体例子，说明每个发现都为人类文明拼图增添一块。 第10题 答案：G 解析：前一句提到考古学能揭示普通人的生活而不仅仅是帝王和战争，G项"例如，庞贝古城一个厨房的发现能比十几部历史文献告诉我们更多关于罗马日常生活的信息"提供了具体例证，与前句构成"观点+例证"关系。 第11题 答案：A 解析：前一句提到遥感、探地雷达和DNA分析等技术让研究者能不打扰遗址进行发现，A项"这项技术彻底改变了考古学家的工作方式，使在不挖掘的情况下'看到'地下成为可能"对前句进行总结，并解释了技术的实际应用效果。后一句"This approach"指代A项中的"without digging"。 第12题 答案：D 解析：前一句提到盗墓和非法古董贸易破坏考古背景，D项"同样，城市化和农业扩张正在摧毁许多尚未被研究的未发现遗址"与前句构成并列关系（Similarly），共同说明考古面临的威胁。后一句提到气候变化构成额外威胁，进一步延续该段的"挑战"主题。 第13题 答案：E 解析：前一句强调考古学的重要性，提醒我们共享的人性和不同社会走向现在的多样路径，E项"每件文物都讲述一个故事，而考古学家的工作就是倾听"作为该段的总结句，呼应了整篇文章关于考古学意义的论述，风格凝练有力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $