2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration 高一升高二暑假作业14

**基本信息** 聚焦Book 3 Unit 4词汇语法综合应用，通过多题型训练提升语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |翻译句子|4题|词汇在语境中的理解与运用|以Unit 4核心词汇为基础，强化词义与语境关联| |单词拼写|6题|词汇记忆与语境拼写|巩固单元重点词汇，衔接阅读与写作| |语法填空（I）|5题|固定搭配及时态|从基础语法点到语境应用，构建语法体系| |七选五|5题|语篇逻辑衔接|训练信息匹配与逻辑推理，提升思维品质| |完形填空|15题|上下文语境与词汇辨析|通过叙事语篇深化词汇运用与语篇理解| |语法填空（II）|10题|综合语法知识在语篇中的应用|融合时态、非谓语等，提升语言综合运用能力|

作业14. Book 3 Unit 4 (2) I. 翻译句子并写出划线词的意思。 1. The towel was so dirty that he had to wash it with a piece of soap. 2. Astronomers observe stars and satellites with telescopes in space. 3. The man made a fatal mistake by parking his car on the edge of the cliff. 4. The old man planned to buy a foam pillow to help him sleep. II. 单词拼写。 5. It is necessary for students to know about some c_____________ affairs. 6. We are glad to see many new fitness _______________（设备） in the community. 7. There is no need for a boat. In fact, the river is so s___________ that one can walk across it. 8. Though the color of the shirt is very beautiful, I don’t like the p___________ on it. 9. Observers were not allowed to ______________（监视） the electing process. 10. Fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are non-renewable r_______________. Ⅲ. 语法填空。 11. A small mistake may result _______ irreversible（不可挽回的） consequences. 12. What alarmed the diver was that his oxygen ____________ (run) out soon. 13. This school attaches great value ______ money managing skills. 14. The boat was too heavy __________(float) in the shallow river. 15. _____________(provide) for the family, he has to do several part-time jobs. IV. 七选五。 First aid refers to the initial medical attention given immediately after an injury or an accident. ____1____ They think it’s a job exclusive to medical professionals. In fact, it’s a life skill we all should try to learn. According to The Guardian, over 150,000 people get critically injured or die yearly because of people’s lack of first aid knowledge. That’s a large number considering we live in the modern age. ____2____. We can reduce these life-threatening situations by learning the prompt care needed in such situations. Thus, more people must know what to do in case of accidents or medical emergencies. Whether we like it or not, accidents and emergencies happen at any time. ____3____. In the USA alone, over six million people are involved in traffic accidents each year. In fact, it’s the leading cause of death for people between the ages of 1 and 54. That said, no one can predict when or where disaster may strike. These accidents can happen at home, at work, or while in transit. That’s why basic first aid skills like CPR, disinfecting (消毒) wounds, and learning to stop bleeding can go a long way. ____4____ It’s vital to prevent injuries from worsening until full medical help arrives. For instance, when a person experiences cardiac arrest, they only have 3 to 4 minutes before the brain lacks oxygen. What you do in these minutes will impact the patient’s condition. Calling for an ambulance is, of course, your priority. ____5____ A. Developed countries witness a greater death rate B. But it might encounter traffic jams during rush hours C. The bad news is that not many people know the importance of first aid D. Heart attacks and choking endanger thousands of lives on a yearly basis E. The first few minutes is the most critical in the case of a medical emergency F. That’s why it’s a part of our reality that we must always prepare ourselves for G. However, if you can employ the basic first aid skills, it can relieve the damage V. 完形填空。 A woman who hated her body has shared an important message on Instagram about how exercise has greatly changed her. It has improved not only her build but also her __1__. In a video clip shared by Cheryl, she __2__ the difference between “wanting to lose weight to look good” and “losing weight to feel good”. The video showcases her 22-pound weight-loss journey, which has been far from __3_. She told Newsweek about the documented highs and lows, which __4__ more than 1.1 million views online. She said: “I wanted to show the realistic side of a _5__ weight loss while sending out a message that the mindset shift is the most powerful part of the journey.” Before starting her exercise plan and healthier eating in May, Cheryl felt insecure and __6__ confidence. This led her to adopt a “mind over matter” approach as she continues to ___7___ five to six times per week, even when she doesn’t want to. “I did feel burnt out at times, but every time I lay in bed and thought about __8__ the gym, I always thought back to the times when I was overweight and unattractive,” Cheryl told Newsweek. “It sucks being unwanted.” The videos include her preparing salad, eggs, and vegetables; walking with a smile on her face to the gym; and __9___ weights. “I used to __10___ going to the gym, but now, it is like my safe haven. Whether I am sad or angry, I kind of just let all my ___11__ out at the gym. “Cheryl said. “I feel amazing. I learned to love the process of ___12___ my body and creating a healthy lifestyle,” Cheryl added. So far, Cheryl has received a sea of __13___ online on the video that has more than76,000 likes. “It’s incredible. You r __14__, devotion, determination and patience __15___! Keep it up,” said one user. 1. A. mindset B. efficiency C. performance D. memory 2. A. understands B. observes C. highlights D. appreciates 3. A. satisfactory B. possible C. difficult D. easy 4. A. exchanged B. gathered C. presented D. adopted 5. A. healthy B. fast C. medical D. natural 6. A. built B. restored C. lacked D. boosted 7. A. calm down B. work out C. give away D. break down 8. A. skipping B. joining C. passing D. finding 9. A. watching B. gaining C. lifting D. throwing 10. A. regret B. fancy C. imagine D. fear 11. A. energies B. emotions C. angers D. spirits 12. A. loving B. hating C. shaking D. examining 13. A. criticism B. support C. doubt D. advice 14. A. kindness B. generosity C. discipline D. honesty 15. A. ran out B. turned up C. showed off D. paid off VI. 语法填空。 A unique food trend has recently gained ____1____ (popular) among young people in China. Known as “leftover food blind boxes”, these innovative meal options provide a convenient and ____2____ (afford) way to enjoy delicious food while also reducing food waste. So far this concept ____3____ (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. The concept of “leftover food blind boxes” originated abroad, ____4____ (specific) from an app called Too Good To Go that started in Denmark in 2015. Its goal is ____5____ (fight) against food waste by offering surprisingly (剩余的) unsold food from nearby stores and restaurants at a __6____ (reduce) price. Inspired by videos posted by Chinese creators living abroad ___7___ shared their experience. Chinese consumers and businesses have quickly accepted the idea, __8___ (lead) to similar operations in major Chinese cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu. The optional methods of the “leftover food blind box” model can vary between stores. Some boxes contain pre-packaged meals based on a store’s sales before the evening, while others allow customers to choose from __9__ still remains in the store around closing time. However, the latter option is less common. The contents of the blind boxes are often only revealed upon opening, adding an element of surprise __10__ the dining experience. 作业14. Book 3 Unit 4 (2) 答案 I. 1. 毛巾；肥皂 2. 卫星；望远镜 3. 致命的 4. 泡沫；枕头 II. 5. current 6. facilities 7. shallow 8. pattern 9. monitor 10. resources III. 11. in 12. was running 13. to 14. to float 15. To provide IV. 七选五。 【答案】1. C 2. F 3. D 4. E 5. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出急救并非专属医疗人员，而是必备生活技能，因缺乏急救知识致大量伤亡，事故随时可能发生，掌握急救能减少危险、防止伤情恶化。 1. 根据空后“They think it’s a job exclusive to medical professionals. In fact, it’s a life skill we all should try to learn.(他们认为这是一项仅限于医疗专业人士才能掌握的工作。但实际上，这是一项我们所有人都应该努力学习的生活技能)”可知前面应该说很多人对急救的错误认知。C项“坏消息是没有多少人知道急救的重要性”符合语境，引出下文人们对急救的错误看法。故选C。 2. 根据空前“According to The Guardian, … we live in the modern age.(据《卫报》报道，每年有超过 15 万人因缺乏急救知识而严重受伤或死亡。考虑到我们身处现代社会，这个数字实在令人震惊)”以及空后“We can reduce these life-threatening situations by learning the prompt care needed in such situations.(我们可以通过学习此类情况下的及时护理方法来减少这些危及生命的状况)”可知，空格前提到每年超15万人因缺乏急救知识重伤或死亡，空格后强调通过学习急救可减少这些危及生命的情况。F项“正是因为如此，所以这便成为了我们生活的一部分，即我们必须时刻做好准备”符合语境，承接上文事故随时会发生，说明我们要做好准备。故选F。 3. 根据空前“Whether we like it or not, accidents and emergencies happen at any time.(不管我们喜不喜欢，事故和紧急情况随时都会发生)”可知，空格前提到事故和紧急情况随时可能发生，空格后以美国交通事故为例说明紧急情况的普遍性。选项D“每年，心脏病发作和窒息事件都会夺走数千人的生命”列举了其他常见紧急情况，与事故和紧急情况呼应，进一步说明紧急情况的多样性和普遍性。故选D。 4. 根据空后“It’s vital to prevent injuries from worsening until full medical help arrives.(在专业医疗人员赶到之前，务必防止伤情进一步恶化)”可知，本句强调急救最初时间的重要性。E项“在医疗紧急情况中，最初的几分钟是至关重要的”符合语境。故选E。 5. 根据空前“Calling for an ambulance is, … before the brain lacks oxygen.  (当然，叫救护车是你的首要任务。例如，当一个人经历心脏骤停时，他们只有3到4分钟的时间，然后大脑就会缺氧)”可知，本句进一步说明除了叫救护车，会心肺复苏术也很重要。G项“但是，如果你能掌握基本的急救技能，就能减轻伤害”与前文形成转折，符合语境，故选G。 V. 完形填空。 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了Cheryl通过锻炼改变自我并在Instagram上分享她的历程，传递重要信息，启示人们健身改变的不仅仅是体型，更是心态。 1.句意：它不仅仅改善了她的体型，而且还改善了她的心态。A. mindset心态；B. efficiency效率；C. performance表现；D. memory记忆。根据上文“her build”以及下文“the mindset”可知，通过锻炼，她不仅改善了体型，也改善了心态。故选A。 2. 句意：视频中，Cheryl强调了“想要减肥是为了好看”和“减肥是为了感觉良好”之间的区别。A. understands理解；B. observes观察；C. highlights 强调；D. appreciates欣赏。根据下文“the difference between “wanting to lose weight to look go od” and “losing weight to feel good”.”可知，她强调了两种心态之间的区别。故选C。 3. 句意：视频展示了她22磅的减重之旅，这并不容易。A. satisfactory满意的；B. possible可能的；C. difficult困难的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“her 22-pound weight-loss journey”以及常识可知，减肥这段历程并不容易。故选D。 4. 句意：她告诉Newsweek这段记录了高峰和低谷的视频，在网上获得了超过110万次播放。A. exchanged交换；B. gathered 获得、收集；C. presented展示；D. adopted采用。根据下文“more than 1.1 million views online”可知，高峰和低谷的视频在网上获得了很多播放量。故选B。 5. 句意：她说：我想展示一个健康减重的现实一面，并传递出心态转变是旅程中最强大的部分。A. healthy健康的；B. fast快的；C. medical医学的；D. natural自然的。根据上文“how exercise”可知，她是通过锻炼减肥的，所以想展示一个健康减重的现实一面。下文“healthier”也是提示。故选A。 6. 句意：在开始她的锻炼计划和更健康的饮食之前，Cheryl感到不安全且缺乏自信。A. built建立；B. restored恢复；C. lacked 缺乏；D. boosted增强。根据上文“felt insecure”可知，她以前缺乏信心。故选C。 7. 句意：这使她采取了“心态胜于物质”的方式，她每周锻炼五到六次，即使她不想去。A. calm down冷静；B. work out 锻炼；C. give away赠送；D. break down分解。根据上文“exercise”可知，每周锻炼五到六次。故选B。 8. 句意：谢丽尔在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示：“我确实有时会感到精疲力竭，但每当我躺在床上，想着不去健身房的时候，我总会回想起自己超重、没有吸引力的时候。A. skipping 放弃、不去做某事、略过；B. joining加入；C. passing经过；D. finding找到。根据上文“but every time I lay in bed”可知，她曾想放弃去健身房。故选A。 9. 句意：视频中包括她准备沙拉、鸡蛋和蔬菜，微笑着去健身房，举重。A. watching 观看；B. gaining获得；C. lifting 举重；D. throwing投掷。根据“weights”可知，她去练举重。故选C。 10. 句意：我曾害怕去健身房，但现在成了我安全港。A. regret 懊恼、后悔；B. fancy想象；C. imagine 想象；D. fear 恐惧、害怕。根据下文“but now, it is like my safe haven.”可知，她曾经害怕去健身房，但现在不惧怕了。故选D。 11. 句意：无论我是伤心还是生气，我可以发泄所有情绪在健身房。A. energies能量；B. emotions 情绪；C. angers愤怒；D. spirits精神。根据上文“I am sad or angry”可知，她通过健身房发泄情绪。故选B。 12. 句意：我学会了爱自己的身体和创造健康生活方式的过程，Cheryl补充道。A. loving喜爱；B. hating讨厌；C. shaking摇头；D. examining检查。根据上文“love”可知，她学会了爱自己的身体。故选A。 13. 句意： 到目前为止，Cheryl的视频获得76000多个赞，有很多支持她的留言。A. criticism批评；B. support 支持；C. doubt怀疑；D. advice建议。根据下文“more than76,000 likes”可知，她得到了很多的支持。故选B。 14. 句意：你的自律、付出、决心和耐心得到了回报。A. kindness 善良；B. generosity 慷慨；C. discipline 自律；D. honesty诚实。 根据上文“five to six times per week, even when she doesn’t want to”可知，她很自律。故选C。 15. 句意：你的自律、付出、决心和耐心得到了回报。A. ran out 耗尽；B. turned up 出现；C. showed off 炫耀；D. paid off 获得回报。根据上文“how exercise has greatly changed her.”可知，坚持努力得到了回报。故选D。 VI. 语法填空。 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于中国年轻人中流行的“剩菜盲盒”这一独特食品的趋势。这种创新的餐饮选择既方便又实惠，同时还有助于减少食物浪费。 1.popularity 考查名词。句意：最近，一种独特的饮食潮流在中国的年轻人中逐渐流行起来。gain是及物动词，后面需跟名词作宾语，popular的名词形式是popularity“欢迎”，不可数，故填popularity。 2. affordable考查形容词。句意：这些被称为“剩菜盲盒”的创新餐品，为人们提供了一种既便捷又经济的享受美味佳肴的方式，同时还能减少食物浪费。修饰名词way用形容词affordable“支付得起的”，作定语。故填affordable。 3.has attracted考查时态。句意：到目前为止，这一概念已经吸引了众多好奇的年轻人的关注。根据时间状语so far可知本句表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语this concept是单数，谓语动词用has attracted，故填has attracted。 4.specifically 考查副词。句意：“剩菜盲盒”这一概念源自国外，具体来说是源自一款名为“Too Good To Go”的应用程序，该应用于2015年在丹麦推出。修饰后文介词短语，用副词specifically“具体地，特别地”。故填specifically。 5.to fight 考查非谓语动词。句意：其目标是通过以较低价格提供附近商店和餐馆中那些意外剩余的食品来对抗食物浪费现象。此处用动词不定式作表语，说明主语goal的具体内容，故填to fight。 6.reduced 考查形容词。句意：其目标是通过以较低价格提供附近商店和餐馆中那些意外剩余的食品来对抗食物浪费现象。修饰名词price表示“低价”，用形容词reduced“减价的”。故填reduced。 7. who/that 考查定语从句。句意：受到那些生活在国外的中国创作者所发布的视频的启发，他们分享了自己的经历。定语从句修饰先行词Chinese creators，指人，在从句中作主语，关系词可用who或者that，故填who/that。 8. leading 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国消费者和企业很快就接受了这一理念，从而在像北京、上海和成都这样的中国主要城市也出现了类似的经营模式。此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果，故填leading。 9. what考查宾语从句。句意：有些盒子装的是根据商店当天下午销售情况预先包装好的食品，而其他一些盒子则允许顾客在商店临近打烊时根据剩余库存进行选择。from后面是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且指物，用what引导，故填what。 10.to 考查介词。句意：盲盒内的物品通常只有在打开后才会被揭晓，这为用餐体验增添了一丝惊喜的元素。短语add…to…表示“增添……”。故填to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $