内容正文:
人教版新教材 七年级(上册)英语 教师版讲义
Unit 7 Happy Birthday! — 第2讲
Section B: How Do You Make Your Birthday Meaningful?
课时规划:120分钟(含课前测10分钟 + 讲题5分钟 + 课堂授课80分钟 + 课堂练习15分钟 + 讲解5分钟 + 课堂小结5分钟)
教学总目标
1. 掌握"有意义生日"相关的核心词汇与短语(plant a tree / make a wish / blow out candles / mark height / a symbol of long life等)。
2. 能通过阅读论坛帖子提取关键信息,完成表格和问答。
3. 能综合运用Wh-疑问词进行深度对话。
4. 掌握写作支架,能写一篇80词左右的"我的生日"回帖。
5. 能用英语策划小组生日庆祝方案(项目活动)。
6. 能理解并讨论"有意义"的生日庆祝方式,培养感恩与分享的意识。
模块一:课前诊断(10分钟)
设计意图:回顾第1讲核心知识,检测学生对日期表达、疑问词、购物句型的掌握程度,同时导入第2讲"有意义的生日"主题。
A层·基础唤醒
1. 写出下列日期的英文表达:
• 3月8日(美式):_______________
• 12月25日(英式):_______________
答案:March 8th / 8th March(美式:March 8th;英式:8th March / 25th December / December 25th)
2. — ______ is your mother's birthday? — It's on 15th July.
A. How old B. When C. What D. How much
答案:B
解析:答句是具体日期(on 15th July),问时间用When。
3. The ninth month of a year is ______.
A. October B. August C. September D. November
答案:C
解析:一年中的第九个月是September(九月)。October十月,August八月,November十一月。
B层·进阶摸底
1. My grandfather is 70 years old. Next Sunday is his ______ birthday.
A. seventy B. seventeenth C. seventieth D. seventh
答案:C
解析:"第70个生日"用序数词seventieth(seventy → seventieth,y变ie加th)。特别提醒:描述"第几个生日"必须用序数词,基数词seventy不能直接修饰birthday,这是考试中容易掉进去的陷阱。
2. — Why do Chinese people eat long noodles on their birthdays?
— Because long noodles are ______ a symbol of long life.
A. looked B. known C. seen D. thought
答案:C
深度解析:本题考查"被视为……"的固定搭配。be seen as是最标准的"被看作、被视为"表达。be known as侧重知名度;be looked on/upon as需完整结构;be thought of as同样需完整结构。牢记:see…as…的被动形式be seen as是表示"被视为"最直接、最高频的用法。
模块二:生日活动词汇与短语(15分钟)
2.1 核心词汇总表
类别
英文
中文
记忆线索
核心名词
symbol
象征
sym(一起)+ bol(抛)= 抛在一起的标志
核心名词
meaning
意义、含义
mean(意思是)+ ing
核心名词
height
高度、身高
high(高)的变体
核心名词
village
村庄
villa(别墅)+ ge
核心名词
wish
愿望、祝愿
结尾sh,与wash(洗)区分
核心动词
celebrate
庆祝
cele(快)+ brate → 让快乐加速
核心动词
enjoy
享受、喜爱
en(使)+ joy(快乐)
核心动词
grow
生长、成长
对比blow(吹)、know(知道)
形容词
meaningful
有意义的
meaning(意义)+ ful(充满)→ 充满意义的
2.2 生日活动短语
核心短语清单
短语
中文
用法提示
make a wish
许愿
make + a + wish,固定搭配
blow out the candles
吹灭蜡烛
blow out是"吹灭",后接名词
have a birthday cake
吃生日蛋糕
have = eat,口语常用
eat birthday noodles
吃长寿面
eat + 食物名称
open birthday gifts
拆生日礼物
open = 打开
take photos
拍照
take photos / take pictures
plant a tree
种一棵树
plant + 名词
mark one's height
标记某人的身高
mark = 做标记
hear the "Happy Birthday" song
听生日歌
hear = 听到(强调结果)
a symbol of long life
长寿的象征
symbol of + 抽象名词
have a party
举办派对
have a party / hold a party
阶梯变式训练——短语填空
1. Before eating the cake, I always make a wish (许愿)first.
答案:make a wish
2. My father marks my height (标记我的身高)on the door every year.
答案:marks my height
3. Long noodles are a symbol of long life (长寿的象征)in China.
答案:a symbol of long life
4. We take photos (拍照)under the big tree in front of our house.
答案:take photos
模块三:阅读精讲——生日论坛帖子(25分钟)
3.1 文本精读
教师朗读稿:教师以正常语速朗读以下文本,学生边听边在课本上划出关键信息。朗读两遍,第一遍整体感知,第二遍信息抓取。
原文一:Yu Xiaoming's post
My name is Yu Xiaoming. My birthday is on 13th June. On my birthday, I always eat birthday noodles with eggs. My mother says long noodles are a symbol of long life. After that, I take a photo with my family under the big tree in our village. This year, I want to do something different for my 14th birthday. I want to plant a small tree. It's a great idea to plant a tree for your birthday. The tree can grow with me!
原文二:Judy Clark's post
Hi, I'm Judy Clark from the UK. My birthday is on 28th July. Every year, I have a party with my friends. My mother makes my favourite chocolate cake. Everyone sings the "Happy Birthday" song. I make a wish and blow out the candles. Then I open my birthday gifts. My father marks my height on the door every year. It's interesting to see how much I grow!
3.2 信息提取训练
任务1:完成对比表格
项目
Yu Xiaoming
Judy Clark
生日日期
13th June
28th July
庆祝方式1
eat birthday noodles with eggs
have a party with friends
庆祝方式2
take a family photo under the tree
eat chocolate cake
庆祝方式3
plant a small tree
make a wish and blow out candles
特殊传统
noodles = symbol of long life
father marks her height
今年新计划
plant a tree for 14th birthday
(原文未提及)
任务2:深度理解问答
1. Why does Yu Xiaoming eat long noodles on his birthday?
答案:Because long noodles are a symbol of long life.
解析:原文直接说明"long noodles are a symbol of long life"。
2. What does Judy's father do every year on her birthday?
答案:Judy's father marks her height on the door.
解析:原文"My father marks my height on the door every year." 回答时注意人称转换,用完整句更严谨。
3. Why does Judy's mother make a chocolate cake?
答案:Because chocolate cake is Judy's favourite.
解析:原文"my favourite chocolate cake"暗示妈妈知道她最爱巧克力蛋糕。
4. What does Yu Xiaoming want to do for his 14th birthday? Why?
答案:He wants to plant a small tree. Because the tree can grow with him.
解析:原文"I want to plant a small tree. The tree can grow with me!"直接对应。
5. What can we learn from Yu Xiaoming's idea of planting a tree?
答案:We can make birthdays meaningful by doing something for the environment / nature.
解析:这是一道开放性理解题,考查学生从文本中提炼深层含义的能力。植树不仅是一种庆祝方式,更是一种对自然的贡献。
3.3 阅读策略点拨
主旨大意题技巧
阅读论坛帖子时,快速判断主旨的方法:
1. 看标题/主题句:两个帖子的共同主题是"How to celebrate birthdays"
2. 找高频词:birthday, eat, make, want等
3. 排除法:
A. How to celebrate birthdays(如何庆祝生日)✓
B. How to make a cake(如何做蛋糕)✗(只在Judy的帖子中提到,不是主旨)
C. How to plant a tree(如何种树)✗(只在Yu Xiaoming的帖子中提到,不是主旨)
核心规律:主旨 = 全文覆盖的共同内容,不是某一个段落的局部信息。
模块四:语法进阶——Wh-疑问词深度复习(20分钟)
4.1 疑问词全景图
疑问词
询问方向
答句特征
本单元高频搭配
When
时间点/日期
具体时间/on+日期
When is your birthday?
How old
年龄
基数词+years old
How old is your brother?
What
事物/内容/活动
具体事物/活动
What do you want to do?
How much
价格/不可数数量
金额/量词
How much is the yogurt?
How many
可数复数数量
基数词+单位
How many kilos?
Who
人(主语/宾语)
人名/身份
Who is your best friend?
Where
地点
地点/方位
Where do you celebrate?
Why
原因
Because...
Why eat birthday noodles?
Which
选择(有限范围内)
选定项
Which month do you like best?
Whose
所属关系
所有格
Whose birthday is in March?
4.2 深度辨析:易混疑问词专题
辨析1:What vs. Which
What:在无限/较大范围内提问(What do you want to eat? — 没有限制范围)
Which:在有限/已知范围内选择(Which month do you like, May or June? — 限定范围)
辨析2:How many vs. How much——真题高频考点
对比维度
How many
How much
后接名词
可数名词复数
不可数名词 / 单数名词
询问价格
✗
✓ How much is it?
询问数量
✓ How many books?
✓ How much water?
答句特征
基数词+可数单位
金额/量词
辨析3:When vs. What time
When:范围更广,可问日期/月份/年份/时刻
When is your birthday? — On 13th June.
When do you get up? — At 6:30.
What time:只问具体时刻(精确到几点几分)
What time do you get up? — At 6:30.
✗ What time is your birthday?(日期不能用What time问)
4.3 特殊疑问句的语序规律
核心公式
疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be动词/助动词 + 主语 + 谓语...)?
但当疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,用陈述句语序(疑问词 + 谓语...)。
类型
例句
结构分析
疑问词作宾语
What do you want?
What(宾语)+ 助动词do + 主语you + 谓语want
疑问词作主语
Who likes English?
Who(主语)+ 谓语likes + 宾语English
疑问词修饰主语
Which month has 31 days?
Which month(主语)+ 谓语has + 宾语31 days
阶梯变式训练
1. — ______ is the first month of a year? — January.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. When
答案:A
解析:在非限定范围内询问"一年中的第一个月是什么?"用What。Which用于有限范围选择。
2. — ______ is the girl over there? — She is my cousin, Lily.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whose
答案:C
解析:问人物身份用Who。What问事物,Which问选择,Whose问所属。
3. — ______ do you want to buy for your mother? — A silk scarf.
A. When B. Where C. What D. Why
答案:C
解析:答句是具体物品(a silk scarf),用What提问。
4. — ______ birthday party do you want to go to, Tom's or Jerry's?
— Tom's, because he is my best friend.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whose
答案:B
深度解析:此题是Which与Whose的辨析难点。Which + 名词用于有限选项中进行选择,意为"哪一个……"。题干Tom's or Jerry's给出了两个选项,用Which提问最恰当。若用Whose,答句应强调所有格。结论:当有明确范围供选择时,优先使用Which。
5. — ______ do you celebrate your birthday? — I usually have a party with my family.
A. What B. How C. When D. Where
答案:B
深度解析:答句描述了庆祝的方式(举办派对)。How专门用来询问方式、方法。若用What,答句通常直接说出做的事情;这里答句描绘整个活动安排,表达"如何庆祝",故How最佳。
模块五:写作支架——我的生日回帖(20分钟)
5.1 写作结构拆解
回帖写作 = 一个标准的"三段式"结构:
段落
功能
核心内容
句型支架
Para 1
回应+评价
先对主帖中的做法做出回应
I think it's a good idea to...
Para 2
介绍自己
自己的生日+庆祝方式+原因
My birthday is on... I usually...
Para 3
新计划
今年想做的不同的事
But this year, I want to...
5.2 思维导图(2a 六分支)
写作前用六个问题搭建框架:
分支
关键词
问句支架
When
时间
When is your birthday?
What to prepare
准备什么
What do you prepare for it?
Where to go
去哪里
Where do you celebrate?
With whom
和谁
Who do you celebrate with?
What to do
做什么
What do you usually do?
How I feel
感受
How do you feel about it?
5.3 写作模板
I think it's a good idea to on your birthday.
My birthday is on . I usually to celebrate it.
I do this because .
But this year, I want to .
5.4 原创范文
题目:假设你是Li Hua,你在论坛上看到了Yu Xiaoming的帖子。请用英文写一个回帖,内容包括:1. 评价他种树的想法;2. 介绍你自己的生日和庆祝方式;3. 谈谈你今年想做的不同的事。
教师版范文
I think it's a good idea to plant a tree for your birthday. It can grow with you and make the world greener.
My birthday is on 5th October. I usually have a birthday party with my family and friends. We eat a big cake, sing songs and take photos together. I love this day because everyone I love is with me.
But this year, I want to do something different for my 13th birthday. I want to visit an old people's home with my classmates. We plan to sing songs and share stories with the elderly there. I think it is a meaningful way to celebrate.
5.5 写作要点点拨
要点
具体要求
常见错误
时态
一般现在时(描述通常情况)
误用一般过去时
日期表达
月份首字母大写,用序数词
May five ✗ → May 5th ✓
段落逻辑
三段式:回应→介绍→新计划
逻辑跳跃,缺少过渡
词汇丰富度
使用本单元短语
只用简单词(eat, have, go)
主题升华
体现"有意义"(meaningful)
只写吃喝玩乐,没有深度
模块六:项目活动——共同庆祝生日(15分钟)
6.1 项目任务说明
任务目标:小组合作,为班级中本月过生日的同学策划一个有意义的集体庆祝方案。
讨论框架——5W1H
问题
英文表达
回答支架
When
When do you want to celebrate together?
We want to celebrate on...
Where
Where do you want to celebrate?
We want to celebrate in/at...
Who
Who do you want to invite?
We want to invite...
What
What do you want to do?
We want to... / Let's...
Why
Why do you choose this way?
Because it's...
How
How do you prepare for it?
We need to...
6.2 项目方案模板
小组方案汇报模板
Our Birthday Celebration Plan
We want to celebrate the birthday of (name). His/Her birthday is on .
We plan to celebrate it (where). We want to invite (who) to join us.
We want to do the following things:
1. First, we will .
2. Then, we will .
3. Finally, we will .
We choose this way because it's and .
6.3 创意方案示例
方案A:自然感恩型
We want to celebrate Li Ming's birthday in the school garden. We want to invite all our classmates. We will plant a small tree together and write our wishes on a card. Then we put the card under the tree. We choose this way because it's meaningful and good for the environment.
方案B:爱心传递型
We want to celebrate Wang Fang's birthday at the old people's home near our school. We want to invite 10 classmates. We will sing songs, tell stories and have a small cake with the old people there. We choose this way because sharing happiness with others makes birthdays more meaningful.
6.4 小组展示评分标准
评分维度
满分
优秀标准
内容完整性
4分
包含5W1H全部要素
语言准确性
3分
语法正确,词汇恰当
创意性
2分
方案有特色、有新意
团队合作
1分
全员参与,分工明确
模块七:课堂实战演练(15分钟)
设计说明:本环节全部为原创题目,素材来源为2026年最新生活场景,每道题配详尽解析。
题型一:单项选择(每题1分,共5分)
1. — ______ do you want to plant a tree on your birthday? — Because I want to make the world greener.
A. When B. Where C. Why D. What
答案:C
解析:答句以Because开头,说明询问原因,用Why。
2. — ______ is the meaning of "a symbol of long life"? — It means long noodles stand for a long life.
A. What B. How C. Why D. Who
答案:A
解析:询问"……的含义是什么?"用What。How问方式,Why问原因,Who问人物。
3. Judy's father ______ her height on the door every year. It's interesting to see how much she grows.
A. marks B. makes C. takes D. blows
答案:A
解析:"mark one's height"是固定搭配,表示"标记某人的身高"。
4. Long noodles are ______ a symbol of long life in China.
A. seen as B. looked as C. watched as D. found as
答案:A
解析:"被看作"用be seen as。look as后一般不直接接名词,watch as不标准,find as不常用。
5. — I want to do something meaningful for my birthday this year. — How about ______ a tree in your neighborhood?
A. plant B. to plant C. planting D. plants
答案:C
解析:How about + 动名词(doing),固定搭配。
题型二:完形填空(每题1分,共10分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My Meaningful Birthday
Last Sunday was my (1)______ birthday. I turned 12 years old. But this year, I didn't have a big party. I wanted to do something (2)______.
In the morning, my mother made long noodles with two eggs for me. (3)______ are a symbol of long life in China. After breakfast, I went to the park near my home with my father. We (4)______ a small apple tree there. I watered it and (5)______ a wish. I hoped the tree could grow with me.
In the afternoon, I went to the old people's home with my classmates. We (6)______ some fruits and flowers. We sang songs and told stories to the old people. They were very happy and (7)______ "Thank you" to us. I felt warm in my heart.
In the evening, my family had a small (8)______ for me. We ate a birthday cake. I made a wish again and blew out the (9)______. My father gave me a notebook. On the first page, he wrote: "Happy birthday, my dear daughter! Remember to be a kind and (10)______ person."
I think this is the most meaningful birthday I have ever had. I learned that giving is better than receiving.
(1) A. eleven B. eleventh C. twelve D. twelfth
答案:D
深度解析:此题考查基数词与序数词的细微区别。"第12个生日"必须用序数词twelfth。后文I turned 12 years old中12是基数词,表示年龄数量,而修饰birthday表示顺序只能用twelfth。千万不能说my twelve birthday,这是高频陷阱。
(2) A. interesting B. boring C. different D. difficult
答案:C
解析:"想做一些不同的事"用different。后文对比说明她没有办大派对,而是做了别的事。
(3) A. It B. They C. We D. You
答案:B
解析:long noodles是复数,用They指代。
(4) A. planted B. bought C. cut D. found
答案:A
解析:"种一棵苹果树"用planted。bought买,cut砍,found发现,都不符合语境。
(5) A. did B. took C. made D. had
答案:C
解析:"许愿"固定搭配make a wish,过去式made。
(6) A. brought B. took C. carried D. left
答案:A
深度解析:本题考查bring和take的方向性区别。叙述者随同学们"去"敬老院,水果和鲜花是朝着目的地"带来"的,故用bring的过去式brought。记住:往中心地点"带"用bring,往外"带"用take。
(7) A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked
答案:C
解析:"说谢谢"用said "Thank you"。said后直接引述内容。
(8) A. meeting B. party C. class D. dinner
答案:B
解析:根据后文"ate a birthday cake"可知是生日派对(party)。
(9) A. lights B. candles C. matches D. fires
答案:B
解析:"吹灭蜡烛"用blow out the candles。
(10) A. helpful B. beautiful C. careful D. forgetful
答案:A
解析:"善良和乐于助人的人"用helpful。A最符合"有意义"主题。
题型三:阅读理解(每题2分,共10分)
阅读下面这篇关于不同国家生日传统的文章,根据内容回答1-5题。
Birthday Traditions Around the World
Do you know how people celebrate birthdays in different countries? Let's take a look!
China
In China, eating long noodles on birthdays is a very important tradition. People believe long noodles stand for a long life. Some families also eat eggs. The birthday person usually has a party with family and friends. In recent years, more and more young people choose to plant trees or do volunteer work to make their birthdays meaningful.
Mexico
In Mexico, the birthday person often gets a "pinata" — a colorful paper box filled with candies and small toys. The birthday person is blindfolded(蒙住眼睛)and tries to break the pinata with a stick. When it breaks, all the candies and toys fall out, and everyone runs to pick them up. It's a lot of fun!
Russia
In Russia, children don't have birthday parties on their actual birthdays sometimes. Instead, they celebrate on their "name day" — a day named after a saint(圣人). On that day, the birthday child gets small gifts and special food. Friends and family sing songs and give best wishes.
South Korea
In South Korea, people eat seaweed soup(海带汤)on their birthdays. It's a healthy tradition. Many years ago, mothers drank seaweed soup after giving birth(分娩), so eating it on birthdays is a way to say "thank you" to mothers.
1. Why do Chinese people eat long noodles on birthdays?
A. Because they are delicious. B. Because they are cheap.
C. Because they stand for a long life. D. Because they are easy to cook.
答案:C
解析:原文明确说明"People believe long noodles stand for a long life",直接对应C选项。
2. What is a "pinata" in Mexico?
A. A special cake. B. A colorful box with candies and toys.
C. A traditional song. D. A kind of soup.
答案:B
解析:原文描述"a colorful paper box filled with candies and small toys",对应B选项。
3. In Russia, some children celebrate their birthday on ______.
A. their actual birthday B. New Year's Day C. their name day D. Christmas Day
答案:C
解析:原文说"Instead, they celebrate on their 'name day'",对应C选项。
4. Why do South Korean people eat seaweed soup on birthdays?
A. To keep healthy. B. To say thank you to mothers.
C. Because it's delicious. D. Because it's a tradition from China.
答案:B
深度解析:此题需区分表层信息与深层原因。文章既提到"a healthy tradition",又用so引出结论"a way to say 'thank you' to mothers"。Why询问的是传统形成的根本原因和目的,文章最终落在感恩母亲这一文化内涵上,故B是最佳答案。
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. All countries celebrate birthdays in the same way.
B. Birthday traditions show different cultures.
C. Only children celebrate birthdays.
D. Birthday food is always the same.
答案:B
解析:全文主旨:不同国家有不同生日传统,反映了不同的文化。
模块八:课堂小结(5分钟)
教师板书·知识树 — 本讲知识体系图
1. 生日活动短语:make a wish / blow out candles / plant a tree / mark one's height / a symbol of long life
2. 阅读策略:主旨大意(看主题句+高频词+排除法)
3. 疑问词深度辨析:
• What vs. Which(范围大小)
• How many vs. How much(可数vs不可数)
• When vs. What time(范围宽窄)
4. 写作三段式:回应评价 → 介绍自己 → 新计划
5. 项目活动框架:5W1H + 方案模板
本讲重点回扣
教学闭环:课前诊断 → 词汇构建 → 阅读精讲 → 语法深化 → 写作支架 → 项目活动 → 实战演练 → 课堂小结
分层反馈机制
A层学生(掌握良好):课后写一篇120词左右的英文短文"My Most Meaningful Birthday",使用至少5个本单元短语。
B层学生(基本掌握):完成课后巩固作业A层+B层,重点背诵生日活动短语表。
C层学生(需要帮助):完成A层作业,能用英语写出自己生日日期和2个庆祝活动。
课堂获得感设计
• 每位学生用英语说一句"I want to make my birthday meaningful by..."
• 小组投票选出最佳生日庆祝方案,获胜小组获得口头表扬
• 全班齐声朗读"meaningful birthday"核心短语一遍
课后巩固作业(30分钟量)
A层·基础巩固(建议用时:10分钟)
一、短语中英互译(每题1分,共8分)
1. make a wish → _______________
2. blow out the candles → _______________
3. 种一棵树 → _______________
4. 标记某人的身高 → _______________
5. a symbol of long life → _______________
6. 拍照 → _______________
7. 拆生日礼物 → _______________
8. 有意义的生日 → _______________
答案:
1. 许愿 2. 吹灭蜡烛 3. plant a tree 4. mark one's height 5. 长寿的象征 6. take photos 7. open birthday gifts 8. a meaningful birthday
二、用适当的疑问词填空(每题1分,共5分)
1. — ______ is your best friend? — Tom is.
答案:Who
2. — ______ month has 30 days, April or May? — April.
答案:Which
3. — ______ are you so happy today? — Because it's my birthday.
答案:Why
4. — ______ do you want for your birthday? — A new bike.
答案:What
5. — ______ do you usually celebrate your birthday? — At home with my family.
答案:Where
B层·能力提升(建议用时:12分钟)
三、单项选择(每题1分,共5分)
1. — ______ do you want to make your birthday meaningful? — I want to do some volunteer work.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
答案:B
解析:答句描述方式(做志愿活动),用How提问"怎样"。
2. — Let's have a surprise party for Tom! — ______ idea! I'll bring some balloons.
A. What a good B. How a good C. What good D. How good
答案:A
深度解析:本题考查感叹句的核心结构。中心词是名词idea,且为可数单数,必须用What a good idea!抓住中心词的词性是解题关键。
3. The birthday girl made a wish and then ______ all the candles in one go.
A. blew out B. blew off C. blew away D. blew up
答案:A
解析:"吹灭蜡烛"固定搭配blow out。
4. — Whose birthday is in December? — ______.
A. Tom's B. Tom C. He D. His
答案:A
解析:Whose问"谁的",答句用所有格Tom's。
5. My father ______ my height on the wall every year. It's fun to see how much I grow.
A. makes B. marks C. takes D. blows
答案:B
解析:"标记身高"用mark one's height。
四、完成句子(每题2分,共6分)
1. 长寿面在中国是长寿的象征。
Long noodles are in China.
答案:a symbol of long life
2. 我想做一些不同的事情来让我的生日有意义。
I want to do to make my birthday .
答案:something different; meaningful
3. 为生日种一棵树是个好主意。
It's a good idea a tree your birthday.
答案:to plant; for
五、补全对话(每题1分,共5分)
A: Hey, Lucy! Your birthday is coming. (1)______ do you want to celebrate it this year?
B: I want to do something (2)______. Maybe I can visit the old people's home.
A: (3)______ a good idea! Who do you want to go with?
B: I want to invite my best friends, Mary and Tom.
A: (4)______ are you going to do there?
B: We can sing songs and tell stories to the old people.
A: That sounds (5)______. I want to join you too!
答案:
1. How(问方式) 2. different(想做不同的事) 3. What(What a good idea感叹句) 4. What(问将做什么) 5. great / meaningful / wonderful(合理即可)
C层·拓展挑战(建议用时:8分钟)
六、书面表达(共10分)
假设你是Zhang Wei,在论坛上看到了Judy Clark的帖子。请用英文写一个回帖(60-80词),内容包括:
1. 评价Judy的庆祝方式(吃蛋糕、拆礼物、量身高);
2. 介绍你自己的生日和庆祝方式;
3. 谈谈你今年想做的不同的事。
参考范文
I think your birthday celebration is really fun. It's great to have a chocolate cake and open gifts with friends.
My birthday is on 18th March. I usually eat birthday noodles with my family. My mother says long noodles are a symbol of long life. After that, we take a family photo together.
But this year, I want to do something different for my 13th birthday. I want to plant a small tree in my school. The tree can grow with me and make our school more beautiful. I think it is a meaningful way to celebrate.
评分标准
维度
满分
评分要点
内容完整
4分
三段内容齐全,回应+介绍+新计划
语言准确
3分
语法正确,拼写无误
词汇丰富
2分
使用2个以上本单元短语
逻辑连贯
1分
段落衔接自然
第2讲 到此结束 | 课后作业约需30分钟完成
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
编者前言
亲爱的老师、同学们:
生日,不仅是日历上的一个数字,更是 生命成长的刻度。 如果说第1讲我们学会了“如何用英语说出生日”,那么第2讲将带领大家走向更深处—— “如何让生日变得有意义”。
本讲以 “认知升级” 为核心逻辑,从 生日活动短语(plant a tree / make a wish / mark one's height ……) 到 跨文化阅读(中国、墨西哥、俄罗斯、韩国的生日传统), 再到 深度写作支架与 项目化小组活动, 层层递进,环环相扣。
我们特别设计了 “回帖写作”三段式 (回应评价 → 介绍自己 → 新计划),并配以 6 分支思维导图, 让学生的写作从“无话可说”走向“言之有物”。 同时,通过 5W1H 项目框架, 引导小组共同策划 “为班级同学庆祝生日”的集体方案, 将语言运用、思辨能力与 感恩分享意识 融为一体。
语法板块聚焦 Wh-疑问词的深度辨析 ——特别是 What vs. Which、 How many vs. How much、 When vs. What time 等高频易混点,每个辨析均配以 原创阶梯变式训练, 真正实现“练一道题,通一类题”。
本讲所有语篇素材均源自 2026 年最新生活场景, 完形填空以“My Meaningful Birthday”为线索,讲述一个 从“吃蛋糕”到“种树、敬老”的成长故事, 情感真挚,贴近学生内心。课后作业延续 A / B / C 三层设计, 让每位学生都能在自己的最近发展区获得提升。
“语言的边界,就是世界的边界。” 本讲由 “周周有招” 团队精心打磨, Miss 周 领衔设计,旨在让英语课堂不仅传授语言知识,更 滋养心灵、启迪思考。
愿每一位使用本讲的师生,都能在“有意义”的生日话题中,感受语言的力量,体悟成长的美好。
Miss 周✦ 教研团队 ✦周周有招
◆ 教 以 启 思 · 研 以 致 远 ◆
Unit 7 Happy Birthday! — 第2讲
Section B: How Do You Make Your Birthday Meaningful?
课时规划:120分钟(含课前测10分钟 + 讲题5分钟 + 课堂授课80分钟 + 课堂练习15分钟 + 讲解5分钟 + 课堂小结5分钟)
教学总目标
1. 掌握"有意义生日"相关的核心词汇与短语(plant a tree / make a wish / blow out candles / mark height / a symbol of long life等)。
2. 能通过阅读论坛帖子提取关键信息,完成表格和问答。
3. 能综合运用Wh-疑问词进行深度对话。
4. 掌握写作支架,能写一篇80词左右的"我的生日"回帖。
5. 能用英语策划小组生日庆祝方案(项目活动)。
6. 能理解并讨论"有意义"的生日庆祝方式,培养感恩与分享的意识。
模块一:课前诊断(10分钟)
设计意图:回顾第1讲核心知识,检测对日期表达、疑问词、购物句型的掌握程度,同时导入第2讲"有意义的生日"主题。
A层·基础唤醒
第1题
写出下列日期的英文表达:
1. 3月8日(美式):__________________
2. 12月25日(英式):__________________
第2题
— ______ is your mother's birthday? — It's on 15th July.
A. How old B. When C. What D. How much
第3题
The ninth month of a year is ______.
A. October B. August C. September D. November
B层·进阶摸底
第1题
My grandfather is 70 years old. Next Sunday is his ______ birthday.
A. seventy B. seventeenth C. seventieth D. seventh
特别提醒:描述"第几个生日"必须用序数词,基数词不能直接修饰birthday。
第2题
— Why do Chinese people eat long noodles on their birthdays?
— Because long noodles are ______ a symbol of long life.
A. looked B. known C. seen D. thought
提示:"被视为……"的固定搭配中,be seen as是最直接、最高频的表达。
模块二:生日活动词汇与短语(15分钟)
2.1 核心词汇总表
类别
英文
中文
记忆线索
核心名词
symbol
象征
sym(一起)+ bol(抛)= 抛在一起的标志
核心名词
meaning
意义、含义
mean(意思是)+ ing
核心名词
height
高度、身高
high(高)的变体
核心名词
village
村庄
villa(别墅)+ ge
核心名词
wish
愿望、祝愿
结尾sh,与wash(洗)区分
核心动词
celebrate
庆祝
cele(快)+ brate → 让快乐加速
核心动词
enjoy
享受、喜爱
en(使)+ joy(快乐)
核心动词
grow
生长、成长
对比blow(吹)、know(知道)
形容词
meaningful
有意义的
meaning(意义)+ ful(充满)→ 充满意义的
2.2 生日活动短语
核心短语清单
短语
中文
用法提示
make a wish
许愿
make + a + wish,固定搭配
blow out the candles
吹灭蜡烛
blow out是"吹灭",后接名词
have a birthday cake
吃生日蛋糕
have = eat,口语常用
eat birthday noodles
吃长寿面
eat + 食物名称
open birthday gifts
拆生日礼物
open = 打开
take photos
拍照
take photos / take pictures
plant a tree
种一棵树
plant + 名词
mark one's height
标记某人的身高
mark = 做标记
hear the "Happy Birthday" song
听生日歌
hear = 听到(强调结果)
a symbol of long life
长寿的象征
symbol of + 抽象名词
have a party
举办派对
have a party / hold a party
短语填空
1. Before eating the cake, I always __________________(许愿)first.
2. My father __________________(标记我的身高)on the door every year.
3. Long noodles are __________________(长寿的象征)in China.
4. We __________________(拍照)under the big tree in front of our house.
模块三:阅读精讲——生日论坛帖子(25分钟)
3.1 文本精读
朗读材料:请边听边在课本上划出关键信息。第一遍整体感知,第二遍信息抓取。
原文一:Yu Xiaoming's post
My name is Yu Xiaoming. My birthday is on 13th June. On my birthday, I always eat birthday noodles with eggs. My mother says long noodles are a symbol of long life. After that, I take a photo with my family under the big tree in our village. This year, I want to do something different for my 14th birthday. I want to plant a small tree. It's a great idea to plant a tree for your birthday. The tree can grow with me!
原文二:Judy Clark's post
Hi, I'm Judy Clark from the UK. My birthday is on 28th July. Every year, I have a party with my friends. My mother makes my favourite chocolate cake. Everyone sings the "Happy Birthday" song. I make a wish and blow out the candles. Then I open my birthday gifts. My father marks my height on the door every year. It's interesting to see how much I grow!
3.2 信息提取训练
第1题(完成对比表格)
项目
Yu Xiaoming
Judy Clark
生日日期
__________________
__________________
庆祝方式1
__________________
__________________
庆祝方式2
__________________
__________________
庆祝方式3
__________________
__________________
特殊传统
__________________
__________________
今年新计划
__________________
__________________
第2题(深度理解问答)
1. Why does Yu Xiaoming eat long noodles on his birthday?
________________________________________
2. What does Judy's father do every year on her birthday?
________________________________________
3. Why does Judy's mother make a chocolate cake?
________________________________________
4. What does Yu Xiaoming want to do for his 14th birthday? Why?
________________________________________
5. What can we learn from Yu Xiaoming's idea of planting a tree?(开放性理解题)
________________________________________
________________________________________
3.3 阅读策略点拨
主旨大意题技巧
阅读论坛帖子时,快速判断主旨的方法:
1. 看标题/主题句:两个帖子的共同主题是"How to celebrate birthdays"
2. 找高频词:birthday, eat, make, want等
3. 排除法判断:
A. How to celebrate birthdays(如何庆祝生日)
B. How to make a cake(如何做蛋糕)
C. How to plant a tree(如何种树)
核心规律:主旨 = 全文覆盖的共同内容,不是某一个段落的局部信息。你的判断:______
模块四:语法进阶——Wh-疑问词深度复习(20分钟)
4.1 疑问词全景图
疑问词
询问方向
答句特征
本单元高频搭配
When
时间点/日期
具体时间/on+日期
When is your birthday?
How old
年龄
基数词+years old
How old is your brother?
What
事物/内容/活动
具体事物/活动
What do you want to do?
How much
价格/不可数数量
金额/量词
How much is the yogurt?
How many
可数复数数量
基数词+单位
How many kilos?
Who
人(主语/宾语)
人名/身份
Who is your best friend?
Where
地点
地点/方位
Where do you celebrate?
Why
原因
Because...
Why eat birthday noodles?
Which
选择(有限范围内)
选定项
Which month do you like best?
Whose
所属关系
所有格
Whose birthday is in March?
4.2 深度辨析:易混疑问词专题
辨析1:What vs. Which
What:在无限/较大范围内提问(What do you want to eat? — 没有限制范围)
Which:在有限/已知范围内选择(Which month do you like, May or June? — 限定范围)
辨析2:How many vs. How much——真题高频考点
对比维度
How many
How much
后接名词
可数名词复数
不可数名词 / 单数名词
询问价格
✗
✓ How much is it?
询问数量
✓ How many books?
✓ How much water?
答句特征
基数词+可数单位
金额/量词
辨析3:When vs. What time
When:范围更广,可问日期/月份/年份/时刻
What time:只问具体时刻(精确到几点几分)
✗ What time is your birthday?(日期不能用What time问)
4.3 特殊疑问句的语序规律
核心公式:疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序(be动词/助动词 + 主语 + 谓语...)?
但当疑问词作主语或修饰主语时,用陈述句语序(疑问词 + 谓语...)。
类型
例句
结构分析
疑问词作宾语
What do you want?
What(宾语)+ 助动词do + 主语you + 谓语want
疑问词作主语
Who likes English?
Who(主语)+ 谓语likes + 宾语English
疑问词修饰主语
Which month has 31 days?
Which month(主语)+ 谓语has + 宾语31 days
第1题(阶梯变式训练)
1. — ______ is the first month of a year? — January.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. When
2. — ______ is the girl over there? — She is my cousin, Lily.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whose
3. — ______ do you want to buy for your mother? — A silk scarf.
A. When B. Where C. What D. Why
4. — ______ birthday party do you want to go to, Tom's or Jerry's? — Tom's, because he is my best friend.
A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whose
提示:当有明确范围供选择时(如Tom's or Jerry's),优先使用Which。
5. — ______ do you celebrate your birthday? — I usually have a party with my family.
A. What B. How C. When D. Where
模块五:写作支架——我的生日回帖(20分钟)
5.1 写作结构拆解
回帖写作 = 一个标准的"三段式"结构:
段落
功能
核心内容
句型支架
Para 1
回应+评价
先对主帖中的做法做出回应
I think it's a good idea to...
Para 2
介绍自己
自己的生日+庆祝方式+原因
My birthday is on... I usually...
Para 3
新计划
今年想做的不同的事
But this year, I want to...
5.2 思维导图(2a 六分支)
写作前用六个问题搭建框架:
分支
关键词
问句支架
When
时间
When is your birthday? __________________
What to prepare
准备什么
What do you prepare for it? __________________
Where to go
去哪里
Where do you celebrate? __________________
With whom
和谁
Who do you celebrate with? __________________
What to do
做什么
What do you usually do? __________________
How I feel
感受
How do you feel about it? __________________
5.3 写作模板
I think it's a good idea to __________________ on your birthday.
My birthday is on __________________. I usually __________________ to celebrate it.
I do this because __________________.
But this year, I want to __________________.
5.4 原创范文
题目:假设你是Li Hua,你在论坛上看到了Yu Xiaoming的帖子。请用英文写一个回帖,内容包括:1. 评价他种树的想法;2. 介绍你自己的生日和庆祝方式;3. 谈谈你今年想做的不同的事。
I think it's a good idea to plant a tree for your birthday. It can grow with you and make the world greener.
My birthday is on 5th October. I usually have a birthday party with my family and friends. We eat a big cake, sing songs and take photos together. I love this day because everyone I love is with me.
But this year, I want to do something different for my 13th birthday. I want to visit an old people's home with my classmates. We plan to sing songs and share stories with the elderly there. I think it is a meaningful way to celebrate.
5.5 写作要点点拨
要点
具体要求
常见错误
时态
一般现在时(描述通常情况)
误用一般过去时
日期表达
月份首字母大写,用序数词
May five ✗ → May 5th ✓
段落逻辑
三段式:回应→介绍→新计划
逻辑跳跃,缺少过渡
词汇丰富度
使用本单元短语
只用简单词(eat, have, go)
主题升华
体现"有意义"(meaningful)
只写吃喝玩乐,没有深度
模块六:项目活动——共同庆祝生日(15分钟)
6.1 项目任务说明
任务目标:小组合作,为班级中本月过生日的同学策划一个有意义的集体庆祝方案。
讨论框架——5W1H
问题
英文表达
回答支架
When
When do you want to celebrate together?
We want to celebrate on __________________
Where
Where do you want to celebrate?
We want to celebrate in/at __________________
Who
Who do you want to invite?
We want to invite __________________
What
What do you want to do?
We want to... / Let's... __________________
Why
Why do you choose this way?
Because it's... __________________
How
How do you prepare for it?
We need to... __________________
6.2 项目方案模板
小组方案汇报模板
Our Birthday Celebration Plan
We want to celebrate the birthday of __________________ (name). His/Her birthday is on __________________.
We plan to celebrate it __________________ (where). We want to invite __________________ (who) to join us.
We want to do the following things:
1. First, we will __________________.
2. Then, we will __________________.
3. Finally, we will __________________.
We choose this way because it's __________________ and __________________.
6.3 创意方案示例
方案A:自然感恩型
We want to celebrate Li Ming's birthday in the school garden. We want to invite all our classmates. We will plant a small tree together and write our wishes on a card. Then we put the card under the tree. We choose this way because it's meaningful and good for the environment.
方案B:爱心传递型
We want to celebrate Wang Fang's birthday at the old people's home near our school. We want to invite 10 classmates. We will sing songs, tell stories and have a small cake with the old people there. We choose this way because sharing happiness with others makes birthdays more meaningful.
6.4 小组展示评分标准
评分维度
满分
优秀标准
内容完整性
4分
包含5W1H全部要素
语言准确性
3分
语法正确,词汇恰当
创意性
2分
方案有特色、有新意
团队合作
1分
全员参与,分工明确
模块七:课堂实战演练(15分钟)
设计说明:本环节全部为原创题目,素材来源为最新生活场景。
题型一:单项选择(每题1分,共5分)
第1题
1. — ______ do you want to plant a tree on your birthday? — Because I want to make the world greener.
A. When B. Where C. Why D. What
2. — ______ is the meaning of "a symbol of long life"? — It means long noodles stand for a long life.
A. What B. How C. Why D. Who
3. Judy's father ______ her height on the door every year. It's interesting to see how much she grows.
A. marks B. makes C. takes D. blows
4. Long noodles are ______ a symbol of long life in China.
A. seen as B. looked as C. watched as D. found as
5. — I want to do something meaningful for my birthday this year. — How about ______ a tree in your neighborhood?
A. plant B. to plant C. planting D. plants
题型二:完形填空(每题1分,共10分)
第2题
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My Meaningful Birthday
Last Sunday was my (1)______ birthday. I turned 12 years old. But this year, I didn't have a big party. I wanted to do something (2)______.
In the morning, my mother made long noodles with two eggs for me. (3)______ are a symbol of long life in China. After breakfast, I went to the park near my home with my father. We (4)______ a small apple tree there. I watered it and (5)______ a wish. I hoped the tree could grow with me.
In the afternoon, I went to the old people's home with my classmates. We (6)______ some fruits and flowers. We sang songs and told stories to the old people. They were very happy and (7)______ "Thank you" to us. I felt warm in my heart.
In the evening, my family had a small (8)______ for me. We ate a birthday cake. I made a wish again and blew out the (9)______. My father gave me a notebook. On the first page, he wrote: "Happy birthday, my dear daughter! Remember to be a kind and (10)______ person."
I think this is the most meaningful birthday I have ever had. I learned that giving is better than receiving.
(1) A. eleven B. eleventh C. twelve D. twelfth
(2) A. interesting B. boring C. different D. difficult
(3) A. It B. They C. We D. You
(4) A. planted B. bought C. cut D. found
(5) A. did B. took C. made D. had
(6) A. brought B. took C. carried D. left
(7) A. told B. spoke C. said D. talked
(8) A. meeting B. party C. class D. dinner
(9) A. lights B. candles C. matches D. fires
(10) A. helpful B. beautiful C. careful D. forgetful
题型三:阅读理解(每题2分,共10分)
第3题
阅读下面这篇关于不同国家生日传统的文章,根据内容回答1-5题。
Birthday Traditions Around the World
Do you know how people celebrate birthdays in different countries? Let's take a look!
China
In China, eating long noodles on birthdays is a very important tradition. People believe long noodles stand for a long life. Some families also eat eggs. The birthday person usually has a party with family and friends. In recent years, more and more young people choose to plant trees or do volunteer work to make their birthdays meaningful.
Mexico
In Mexico, the birthday person often gets a "pinata" — a colorful paper box filled with candies and small toys. The birthday person is blindfolded(蒙住眼睛)and tries to break the pinata with a stick. When it breaks, all the candies and toys fall out, and everyone runs to pick them up. It's a lot of fun!
Russia
In Russia, children don't have birthday parties on their actual birthdays sometimes. Instead, they celebrate on their "name day" — a day named after a saint(圣人). On that day, the birthday child gets small gifts and special food. Friends and family sing songs and give best wishes.
South Korea
In South Korea, people eat seaweed soup(海带汤)on their birthdays. It's a healthy tradition. Many years ago, mothers drank seaweed soup after giving birth(分娩), so eating it on birthdays is a way to say "thank you" to mothers.
1. Why do Chinese people eat long noodles on birthdays?
A. Because they are delicious. B. Because they are cheap.
C. Because they stand for a long life. D. Because they are easy to cook.
2. What is a "pinata" in Mexico?
A. A special cake. B. A colorful box with candies and toys.
C. A traditional song. D. A kind of soup.
3. In Russia, some children celebrate their birthday on ______.
A. their actual birthday B. New Year's Day C. their name day D. Christmas Day
4. Why do South Korean people eat seaweed soup on birthdays?
A. To keep healthy. B. To say thank you to mothers.
C. Because it's delicious. D. Because it's a tradition from China.
5. What can we learn from the passage?
A. All countries celebrate birthdays in the same way.
B. Birthday traditions show different cultures.
C. Only children celebrate birthdays.
D. Birthday food is always the same.
模块八:课堂小结(5分钟)
知识树——本讲知识体系图
1. 生日活动短语:
make a wish / blow out candles / plant a tree / mark one's height / a symbol of long life
2. 阅读策略:主旨大意(看主题句 + 高频词 + 排除法)
3. 疑问词深度辨析:
• What vs. Which(范围大小)
• How many vs. How much(可数vs不可数)
• When vs. What time(范围宽窄)
4. 写作三段式:回应评价 → 介绍自己 → 新计划
5. 项目活动框架:5W1H + 方案模板
本讲重点回扣
教学闭环:课前诊断 → 词汇构建 → 阅读精讲 → 语法深化 → 写作支架 → 项目活动 → 实战演练 → 课堂小结
分层反馈机制
A层学生(掌握良好):课后写一篇120词左右的英文短文"My Most Meaningful Birthday",使用至少5个本单元短语。
B层学生(基本掌握):完成课后巩固作业A层+B层,重点背诵生日活动短语表。
C层学生(需要帮助):完成A层作业,能用英语写出自己生日日期和2个庆祝活动。
课堂获得感设计
• 每位学生用英语说一句:"I want to make my birthday meaningful by __________________"
• 小组投票选出最佳生日庆祝方案,获胜小组获得口头表扬
• 全班齐声朗读"meaningful birthday"核心短语一遍
课后巩固作业(30分钟量)
A层·基础巩固(建议用时:10分钟)
第1题(短语中英互译,每题1分,共8分)
1. make a wish → __________________
2. blow out the candles → __________________
3. 种一棵树 → __________________
4. 标记某人的身高 → __________________
5. a symbol of long life → __________________
6. 拍照 → __________________
7. 拆生日礼物 → __________________
8. 有意义的生日 → __________________
第2题(用适当的疑问词填空,每题1分,共5分)
1. — ______ is your best friend? — Tom is.
2. — ______ month has 30 days, April or May? — April.
3. — ______ are you so happy today? — Because it's my birthday.
4. — ______ do you want for your birthday? — A new bike.
5. — ______ do you usually celebrate your birthday? — At home with my family.
B层·能力提升(建议用时:12分钟)
第3题(单项选择,每题1分,共5分)
1. — ______ do you want to make your birthday meaningful? — I want to do some volunteer work.
A. What B. How C. Why D. When
2. — Let's have a surprise party for Tom! — ______ idea! I'll bring some balloons.
A. What a good B. How a good C. What good D. How good
3. The birthday girl made a wish and then ______ all the candles in one go.
A. blew out B. blew off C. blew away D. blew up
4. — Whose birthday is in December? — ______.
A. Tom's B. Tom C. He D. His
5. My father ______ my height on the wall every year. It's fun to see how much I grow.
A. makes B. marks C. takes D. blows
第4题(完成句子,每题2分,共6分)
1. 长寿面在中国是长寿的象征。
Long noodles are ________________________ in China.
2. 我想做一些不同的事情来让我的生日有意义。
I want to do ________________________ to make my birthday ________________________.
3. 为生日种一棵树是个好主意。
It's a good idea ________________________ a tree ________________________ your birthday.
第5题(补全对话,每题1分,共5分)
A: Hey, Lucy! Your birthday is coming. (1)______ do you want to celebrate it this year?
B: I want to do something (2)______. Maybe I can visit the old people's home.
A: (3)______ a good idea! Who do you want to go with?
B: I want to invite my best friends, Mary and Tom.
A: (4)______ are you going to do there?
B: We can sing songs and tell stories to the old people.
A: That sounds (5)______. I want to join you too!
C层·拓展挑战(建议用时:8分钟)
第6题(书面表达,共10分)
假设你是Zhang Wei,在论坛上看到了Judy Clark的帖子。请用英文写一个回帖(60-80词),内容包括:
1. 评价Judy的庆祝方式(吃蛋糕、拆礼物、量身高);
2. 介绍你自己的生日和庆祝方式;
3. 谈谈你今年想做的不同的事。
参考范文
I think your birthday celebration is really fun. It's great to have a chocolate cake and open gifts with friends.
My birthday is on 18th March. I usually eat birthday noodles with my family. My mother says long noodles are a symbol of long life. After that, we take a family photo together.
But this year, I want to do something different for my 13th birthday. I want to plant a small tree in my school. The tree can grow with me and make our school more beautiful. I think it is a meaningful way to celebrate.
评分标准
维度
满分
评分要点
内容完整
4分
三段内容齐全,回应+介绍+新计划
语言准确
3分
语法正确,拼写无误
词汇丰富
2分
使用2个以上本单元短语
逻辑连贯
1分
段落衔接自然
你的写作:
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
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第2讲 学生版到此结束 | 课后作业约需30分钟完成
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