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高考高频单词 DAY 16(议论文阅读)
板块1 真题再现(2021·北京·高考真题)
Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?
Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers,which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars,early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities:Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid,and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.
C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.
2.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________.
A.present an assumption B.evaluate an argument
C.highlight an experiment D.introduce an approach
3.What can we learn from this passage?
A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.
4.What can we infer from this passage?
A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C.We should live in harmony with nature.
D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.
板块2 核心词汇(30个)
做高考真题,记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times!
1
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philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家
famous /ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 著名的 —— famously /ˈfeɪməsli/ adv. 著名地
vary /ˈveəri/ vi. 变化,不同
depend on 取决于,依赖
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ vt. 测量,衡量
state-of-the-art /ˌsteɪt əv ði ˈɑːt/ adj. 最先进的
atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/ adj. 原子的
prove /pruːv/ vt. 证明
advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/ adj. 先进的,高级的
decisively /dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/ adv. 决定性地,果断地
absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/ adj. 绝对的
instead of 而不是,代替
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/ vt. 考虑,认为
in terms of 就……而言,从……角度
astronomy /əˈstrɒnəmi/ n. 天文学
ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态学
environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的
tempo /ˈtempəʊ/ n. 节奏,速度
aware of 意识到,知道
moderate /ˈmɒdəreɪt/ vt. 调节,使适中
conceptualize /kənˈseptʃuəlaɪz/ vt. 概念化,构思
timekeeping /ˈtaɪmkiːpɪŋ/ n. 计时,时间记录
circumstance /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/ n. 情况,环境
be sensitive to 对……敏感
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ vt. 编程,设定
get ahead of 超过,领先于
register /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/ vt. 记录,显示
temporal /ˈtempərəl/ adj. 时间的,关于时间的
opt to 选择,决定
counteract /ˌkaʊntəˈrækt/ vt. 抵消,对抗
板块3 词形变换
1. philosophy /fəˈlɒsəfi/ n. 哲学 —— philosopher /fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家 —— philosophical /ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl/ adj. 哲学的
2. vary /ˈveəri/ vi. 变化 —— various /ˈveəriəs/ adj. 各种各样的 —— variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 种类
3. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ vt. 测量 —— measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 测量 —— measurable /ˈmeʒərəbl/ adj. 可测量的
4. advance /ədˈvɑːns/ vt. 前进 —— advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/ adj. 先进的 —— advancement /ədˈvɑːnsmənt/ n. 进步
5. decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ vt. 决定 —— decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ adj. 决定性的 —— decisively /dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/ adv. 决定性地
6. absolute /ˈæbsəluːt/ adj. 绝对的 —— absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adv. 绝对地
7. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 生态学 —— ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 生态的 —— ecologically /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkli/ adv. 生态地
8. environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 —— environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的 —— environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli/ adv. 环境地
9. concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念 —— conceptualize /kənˈseptʃuəlaɪz/ vt. 概念化 —— conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ adj. 概念的
10. register /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/ vt. 记录 —— registration /ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn/ n. 登记 —— registered /ˈredʒɪstəd/ adj. 已登记的
11. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 临时的 —— temporal /ˈtempərəl/ adj. 时间的
12. valid /ˈvælɪd/ adj. 有效的 —— validity /vəˈlɪdəti/ n. 有效性 —— validate /ˈvælɪdeɪt/ vt. 证实
板块4 选词填空
第一组(用所给词汇的正确形式填空,每词限用一次)
Philosopher; famous; vary; depend on;
measure ;state-of-the-art ;atomic; prove; advanced ;decisively
1. The museum's ________ equipment attracts scientists from around the world.
2. The ________ of the 18th century laid the foundation for modern science.
3. The results of the experiment ________ that the theory was correct.
4. Our perception of time can ________ greatly depending on our emotional state.
5. The success of the project will ________ the cooperation of all team members.
6. One way to ________ a grammar school's performance is by the number of students who gain university admission.
7. The university offers ________ courses in quantum physics.
8. The new policy ________ changed the direction of the research.
9. The ________ clock is accurate to within one second over millions of years.
10. She is ________ for her groundbreaking research in neuroscience.
第二组(用所给词汇的正确形式填空,每词限用一次)
absolute instead of consider in terms of astronomy ecology environmental tempo aware of moderate
11. The ________ of modern life seems to be getting faster every year.
12. We need to ________ our consumption if we want to protect the environment.
13. The pace of life in the city is ________ faster than in the countryside.
14. ________ studying astronomy, she chose to focus on ecology.
15. The ________ conditions in the region have changed dramatically.
16. We should ________ time not as an ________ concept but as something connected to nature.
17. ________ the risks involved, they decided to proceed with caution.
18. ________ her achievements, she is one of the most successful scientists of her generation.
19. The study of ________ helps us understand the relationships between organisms and their environment.
20. The ________ of the universe has fascinated humans for centuries.
板块5 单词填空
类型一:单句语法填空(用括号内所给词的正确形式填空)
1. Albert Einstein theorized that time ________ (vary) depending on where you measure it.
2. We are increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering ________ (alone).
3. We need to moderate our actions if we hope ________ (live) in balance.
4. The clock reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to ________ (globe) environmental changes.
5. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue ________ (flow) at their present rate.
6. The clock registers long-term ________ (trend) in river dynamics.
7. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in ________ (harmonious) with the planet.
8. River time and other timekeeping systems may encourage ________ (environment) awareness.
9. Time becomes ________ (mean) only in a defined context.
10. Any timekeeping system is ________ (valid), and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
类型二:首字母单词拼写(根据首字母及句意补全单词)
11. St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was u________ someone asked him.
12. Today's s________ atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.
13. Even advanced physics can't d________ tell us what time is.
14. What if we related time to e________ instead of astronomy?
15. We need to m________ our actions if we hope to live in balance.
16. The clock r________ both short-term irregularities and long-term trends.
17. Anyone who c________ river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance.
18. Early agricultural societies c________ time to natural phenomena.
19. Temporal c________ to the environment was vital to their survival.
20. St. Augustine h________ one of time's most noticeable qualities.
板块6 语篇翻译(英译汉,核心单词或短语用黑体标出)
Passage A
Early fifth-century philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today's state-of-the-art atomic clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Passage B
Forget about time as an absolute.What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy,we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human life?We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance.
Passage C
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics.It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame,and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.
板块7 参考译文
五世纪早期的哲学家圣奥古斯丁有一句名言:他写道,除非有人问他,否则他知道时间是什么。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦提出了另一个复杂问题,他提出理论说时间取决于你在哪里测量它。当今最先进的原子钟已经证明了爱因斯坦是正确的。即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么,因为答案取决于你问的问题。
忘记时间是绝对的吧。如果我们不是从天文学的角度考虑时间,而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢?如果我们允许环境条件设定人类生活的节奏呢?我们越来越意识到,我们不能仅靠工程学来控制地球系统,并且认识到如果我们希望平衡地生活,就需要调节我们的行为。如果我们对时间的定义反映了这一点呢?
最近,我构思了一种与地球环境状况相关的新计时方法,这些状况可能因全球变暖而改变。我们现在正在安克雷奇博物馆建造一座时钟,它反映了几条阿拉斯加主要河流的总流量,这些河流对当地和全球环境变化都很敏感。我们对它进行了编程,如果水道继续以目前的速度流动,它将与原子钟保持一致。如果未来河流平均流速加快,时钟将快于标准时间。如果它们流速变慢,你会看到相反的效果。
这座时钟记录了河流动态中的短期不规则性和长期趋势。它像是一座天文台,揭示了河流如何从它们自己的时间框架中运行,并让我们能够在智能手表或手机上见证这些变化。任何选择采用阿拉斯加平均河川时间的人将和谐地与地球共处。任何将河流时间与原子时间相比较的人都会遇到重大不平衡,并可能被激励通过消耗更少的燃料或支持更环保的政策来抵消这种不平衡。
即使这种计时方法在细节上是新颖的,早期的农业社会也将时间与自然现象联系起来。例如,在前古典时期的希腊,人们通过将日期向前或向后移动来"修正"官方日历,以反映季节的变化。与环境的暂时联系对他们的生存至关重要。同样,河流时间和我们正在开发的其他计时系统可能会鼓励环境意识。
当圣奥古斯丁承认他无法定义时间时,他强调了时间最显著的特质之一:时间只有在定义的情境中才变得有意义。任何计时系统都是有效的,每个系统都和它的目的一样值得称赞。
板块8 核心单词默写
philosopher ________
famously ________
vary ________
depend on ________
measure ________
state-of-the-art ________
atomic ________
prove ________
advanced ________
decisively ________
absolute ________
instead of ________
consider ________
in terms of ________
astronomy ________
ecology ________
environmental ________
tempo ________
aware of ________
moderate ________
conceptualize ________
timekeeping ________
circumstance ________
be sensitive to ________
program ________
get ahead of ________
register ________
temporal ________
opt to ________
counteract ________
【参考答案】
板块1 真题再现 答案
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C
【分析】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论时间的定义,讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处,保护环境。
1.主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么,因为答案取决于你要问的问题)"以及上文列举的哲学家St.Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断,第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段的"We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.(我们越来越意识到,我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统,意识到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动。)"进而提出问题"What if our definition of time reflected that?(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢)",结合前两个问题"What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology?What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life?(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间,而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢?如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)"可推断,第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段的"We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower,you'll see the opposite effect.(如果水道继续以目前的速度流动,我们对它进行了编程,匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快,时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢,你就会看到相反的效果。)"可知,如果河流运行速度得较慢,原子时间将超过河流时间。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段的"We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.(我们越来越意识到,我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统,意识到,如果我们希望保持平衡,我们就需要调节我们的行动。)"和倒数第二段的"Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样,河流时间和我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)"可推断,从这篇文章中我们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处,保护环境。故选C。
板块4 选词填空 答案
第一组:
1. state-of-the-art 2. philosophers 3. proved 4. vary 5. depend on
6. measure 7. advanced 8. decisively 9. atomic 10. famous
第二组:
11. tempo 12. moderate 13. absolutely 14. Instead of 15. environmental
16. consider...absolute 17. Aware of 18. In terms of 19. ecology 20. astronomy
板块5 单词填空 答案
类型一(单句语法填空):
1. varies 2. alone 3. to live 4. global 5. to flow
6. trends 7. harmony 8. environmental 9. meaningful 10. valid
类型二(首字母单词拼写):
11. unless 12. state-of-the-art 13. decisively 14. ecology 15. moderate
16. registers 17. considers 18. connected 19. connection 20. highlighted
板块6 语篇翻译 答案
Passage A:
五世纪早期的哲学家圣奥古斯丁有一句名言:他写道,除非有人问他,否则他知道 时间是什么。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦提出了另一个复杂问题,他提出理论说时间不同,取决于你在哪里测量它。当今最先进的 原子钟已经证明爱因斯坦是正确的。即使是先进的 物理学也不能决定性地 告诉我们时间是什么,因为 答案 取决于你问的问题。
Passage B:
忘记时间是一个绝对的概念吧。如果我们不是 从 天文学的角度 考虑时间,而是将时间与生态学 联系起来呢?如果我们允许 环境 条件 设定人类生活的节奏呢?我们越来越 意识到一个事实:我们不能仅靠 工程学来控制地球系统,并且认识到,如果我们希望 平衡地 生活,就需要 调节我们的行为。
Passage C:
这座时钟记录了河流动态中的短期 不规则性和长期 趋势。它像是一座天文台,揭示了河流如何从它们自己的 时间 框架中运行,并允许我们在智能手表或手机上见证这些变化。任何选择 采用阿拉斯加平均河川时间的人将和谐地 与这个星球 共处。
板块8 核心单词默写 答案
1. 哲学家
2. 著名地
3. 变化,不同
4. 取决于,依赖
5. 测量,衡量
6. 最先进的
7. 原子的
8. 证明
9. 先进的,高级的
10. 决定性地,果断地
11. 绝对的
12. 而不是,代替
13. 考虑,认为
14. 就……而言,从……角度
15. 天文学
16. 生态学
17. 环境的
18. 节奏,速度
19. 意识到,知道
20. 调节,使适中
21. 概念化,构思
22. 计时,时间记录
23. 情况,环境
24. 对……敏感
25. 编程,设定
26. 超过,领先于
27. 记录,显示
28. 时间的,关于时间的
29. 选择,决定
30. 抵消,对抗
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