Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language & Using Language（导学案）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案围绕“Science and Scientists”主题，聚焦词汇（如aerospace、patriotic等）、核心句型（定语从句、状语从句省略）及长难句理解运用，通过单词拼写、短语默写等基础练习搭建学习支架，逐步过渡到句型分析与仿写，形成从语言知识到应用能力的连贯脉络。 这份导学案亮点在于知识点解析深度与练习设计多元，如“cast”“defend”等词的一词多义及语法点精讲，结合仿写句式、课文语法填空等习题，既提升学生语言能力，又通过长难句分析与逻辑仿写培养思维品质，助力自主学习与知识内化。

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language & Using Language导学案 1. 能识课文相关的词汇：aerospace、patriotic、devotion、odd、aviation、defend、propulsion、missile、leadership、launch、trace、frontier、appreciation、sadden、abstract、steady、concept、astronomer、besides、furthermore 。 2. 能理解核心句型：（1）.We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. （2）.When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？...”（学习理解） 重点：1. 掌握核心词汇句型及应答； 2. 对课文中长难句的理解运用 难点：1. 对课文中长难句的理解运用 一．单词拼写 1. /'eərəʊspeIs/n.[U]航空航天工业 2. /ˌpeItri'ɒtIk/adj.爱国的 3. /dI'vəʊʃn/n.[U，sing.]献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱 4. /ɒd/adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的 5. /ˌeIvi'eIʃn/n.[U]航空制造业；航空；飞行 6. /dIˌfend/vt.保卫；防守；辩解 7. /prə'pʌlʃn/n.[U]推动力；推进 8. /'mIsaIl/n.[C]导弹 9. /'liːdəʃIp/n.[U]领导；领导地位；领导才能 10. /lɔːntʃ/vt.发射(导弹、火箭等)；发起 11. /treIs/vt.追溯；追踪；查出n．[C，U]痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 12. /'frʌntIə(r)/n.[熟词生义][C，usually pl.](尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘 13. /əˌpriːʃi'eIʃn/n.[C，sing.]欣赏；赏识 14. /'sædn/vt.使悲伤，使难过 15. /'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的；理性的 n．[C](文献等的)摘要 16. /'stedi/adj.稳定的，平稳的，稳步的 17. /'kɒnsept/n.[C]概念；观念 18. /ə'strɒnəmə(r)/n.[C]天文学家 19. /bI'saIdz/prep.除……之外(还)(相当于apart from) adv.而且；此外 20. /ˌfɜːðə'mɔː(r)/adv.此外，再者(＝moreover) 二．短语默写 1． 突然开始；爆发 2． 主管；掌管 3． 患(病)；染上(小病) 4． 最重要的是；尤其是 5． 改变……到 6． 从事……的研究 7． 阻止某人做某事 8． 追溯到 9． 承认某人的错误 三．完成句子 1....it different shadows of you...……它投射出你不同的影子…… 2.A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 3.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and the country. 然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 4.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。 5.However，after the Songhu Battle in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 6. things other people make.)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。 一．分析下面长难句并翻译 1. [尝试翻译]　 2. [尝试翻译]　 二．仿写下列句式 1．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. [尝试仿写]　我们的老师使我们感到更自信。 2．...Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. [尝试仿写]　因此，我写信来表示对你的健康的关心。 Therefore, I am writing to you 三．核心知识点解析 知识点1：cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷；选派(角色) ...it casts different shadows of you...(教材P6)……它投射出你不同的影子…… 【精讲】cast sb as...　选某人扮演 cast a/your vote (for...) (为……)投票 cast...over/on/across... 在……上投射…… cast n. 全体演员；投；掷 [一词多义]　写出下列句中cast的词性及含义 ①When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem.vt.投射(光、影子等) ②He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.vt.选派角色，分配角色 ③She cast an impatient look at Mitch and stormed out of the room.vt.向……投以 ④The whole cast of My people, My Country performs/perform brilliantly.n.全体演员 ⑤About ninety－five percent of those who cast their votes approved of the new plan.vt.投票 知识点2：pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(水)流出来；(烟)被吐出；涌现；下大雨 A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.(教材P7)非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 【精讲】pour sth into/down/out(sth)　把某物倒进/倒下/倒出(某物) pour sth into sth 大量投入(金钱等)于某事物 pour out 倾吐；倾诉；尽情地诉说 pour cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨 ①We’ll pour about 30% more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 我们将往一个矮且宽的玻璃杯里倒入的液体比往高且细的玻璃杯里倒入的液体多大约百分之三十。 ②The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system. 政府把大量资金投入到了教育系统中。 知识点3：defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 【精讲】(1)defend...against/from...保卫……免受……之害 defend against... 防御…… defend oneself/sb 为自己/某人辩护 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护；防御物 defence against ……的抵御物 in defence of... 保卫……；为……辩护 come to sb’s defence 为某人辩护 ①She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence. 她往后退，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在防卫。 ②The immune system is our main defence against diseases.免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。 知识点4：gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.(教材P8)斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。 【精讲】be gifted in (doing) sth　　在(做)……方面有天赋 be gifted with sth 天生具备…… gift n. 天赋；礼物；赠品 have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋 ①Don’t sell her short：she is very gifted in some areas. 别小看她，她在某些方面很有天赋。 ②Tom is gifted in painting while Mary has a gift for language. 汤姆在绘画方面有天赋而玛丽在语言方面有天赋。 [语境串记] The gifted young girl who has a gift for music was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience. 这个年轻的天才女孩在音乐方面有天赋，观众送给她一些精美的礼物。 知识点5：abstract adj.抽象的，理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.(教材P8)自从他得了一种使他大部分肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一种抽象的思想世界。 【精讲】(1)adj.抽象的，抽象派的。其反义词为concrete(具体的) abstract thinking/noun/concept抽象思维/名词/概念 (2)vt.写出(书等的)摘要；提取；分离 abstract...from...从……中摘录/提取；分离 (3)/n.(文献等的)摘要；概要；抽象派艺术作品 in the abstract抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory) (4)abstractly adv.抽象地 [一词多义]　写出下列句中abstract的词性及含义 ①I liked facts，things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.adj.抽象的 ②In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper.n.摘要 ③It is known to all that rubber is abstracted from trees.vt.提取 知识点6：break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 【精讲】含有break的其他常用短语 break away from　挣脱；逃离 break down (谈判)失败；出故障；(身体) 垮掉；分解 break in 打断谈话；插话；闯入(行窃) (不加宾语) break into 强行闯入 break off 中断；断开 break through 突破；冲破；克服；战胜 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 ①A fire broke out in a hospital last night, but no one was killed. 昨天晚上一家医院发生了火灾，但没有人伤亡。 ②See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 看，你的电脑又出故障了！为了省几个钱而去买廉价品牌的电脑是不明智的。 [名师提醒]　如此“发生” break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。 知识点7：in charge of主管；掌管 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(教材P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹项目。 【精讲】in charge　主管；负责 (sth be)in the charge of＝(sth be)in one’s charge (某事)由某人负责/主管 take charge(of...) 负责……；掌管…… free of charge＝for free 免费 ①He asked to speak to the person in charge.他要求和负责人说话。 ②There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.托儿所有个很调皮的男孩，一个通常对孩子很有信心的老师被要求来负责照顾他。 ③My uncle is in charge of a local hospital. →A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle.我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。 知识点8：above all最重要的是；尤其是 Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.(教材P9)最重要的是，霍金愿意承认他的错误。 【精讲】first of all　首先(强调顺序) after all 毕竟；终究 above all 尤其是；最重要的是(强调重要性) all of a sudden (＝suddenly) 突然，冷不防 all but(＝almost) 几乎；差不多 ①After all, no one knows me better than me. 毕竟，没有人比我更了解我自己。 ②Never waste anything, and above all never waste time. 任何东西都不要浪费，尤其是时间。 ③All of a sudden they felt the earth tremble around them. 突然他们感到周围的大地在颤抖。 ④They learned that work was all but impossible to find in that country. 他们听说在那个国家找工作几乎是一件不可能的事。 知识点9：We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.(教材P8)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。 【精讲】the same后有时用that引导定语从句，表示“同一个，就是那一个”。 ①This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。 ②I bought the same book as you read yesterday. 我买了一本跟你昨天读的一样的书。 [易混辨析] the same...as... 表示“与……一样……”，即同类异物 the same...that... 表示“同一个” 知识点10：When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？...”(教材P8)当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？……” 【精讲】状语从句的省略用法归纳： (1)省略的条件：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中的谓语动词由be动词构成时，从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略；从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it且谓语动词为be时，it和be动词可以省略。 (2)省略的形式：“when/while/if(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”，“though/although/unless(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”或者“though/although/unless(主语＋与主句谓语相同的动词)＋副词”。 ①When speaking (speak) English, he often makes mistakes. 他说英语时经常犯错误。 ②Unless frightened, elephants will not attack you. 除非受到惊吓，否则大象不会攻击你。 ③If necessary，we’ll help him solve the problem. 如果有必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。 一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词 1．I’d like to buy a (望远镜) for my son as a gift. 2．This scientist made great contributions to the development of (天文学)． 3．All the teachers are satisfied with your (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest. 4．The house isn’t big enough for us, and (此外), it’s too far from the town. 5．Strong (领导才能) is needed to captain this team. 6.The player’s (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 7．The professor’s theory is hard for us to understand. 8．I’m really sorry—it is all my ． 9．To our amazement, he refused to his idea. 10．I have got memories of my happy childhood. 二.选词填空 break out, above all, in charge of, come down with，have a great impact on, think outside the box，trace back to, dream of 1．The old tea houses in Hangzhou can the Southern Song Dynasty. 2． , we must make good use of online courses to improve our learning efficiency. 3．For years man being able to communicate directly with animals. 4．It’s required that the people who a fever be sent to designated hospitals (定点医院) to have further examinations. 5．The difficulties and challenges we meet at university will our personality. 6．He was named as a team leader the prevention of this deadly epidemic. 7．To solve this tough problem, we’re going to have to ． 8．Under certain circumstances, however, some diseases can and cause widespread infection. 三.课文语法填空 The Father of China’s Aerospace Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1. (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.He was a well－respected man, 2. served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion.Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai.In 1935, he went to the US 3. further study and then worked there.After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. (return) to China in 1955, and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as the space and missile programme.5. (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged.When 6. (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was “Why not？” Under 7. (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles，rockets, and man－made satellites 8. (success)．Qian was knowledgeable.However, 9. made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. (inspire) in scientific research.The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language & Using Language导学案 1. 能识课文相关的词汇：aerospace、patriotic、devotion、odd、aviation、defend、propulsion、missile、leadership、launch、trace、frontier、appreciation、sadden、abstract、steady、concept、astronomer、besides、furthermore 。 2. 能理解核心句型：（1）.We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. （2）.When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？...”（学习理解） 重点：1. 掌握核心词汇句型及应答； 2. 对课文中长难句的理解运用 难点：1. 对课文中长难句的理解运用 一．单词拼写 1. /'eərəʊspeIs/n.[U]航空航天工业 2. /ˌpeItri'ɒtIk/adj.爱国的 3. /dI'vəʊʃn/n.[U，sing.]献身，奉献；忠诚；热爱 4. /ɒd/adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的 5. /ˌeIvi'eIʃn/n.[U]航空制造业；航空；飞行 6. /dIˌfend/vt.保卫；防守；辩解 7. /prə'pʌlʃn/n.[U]推动力；推进 8. /'mIsaIl/n.[C]导弹 9. /'liːdəʃIp/n.[U]领导；领导地位；领导才能 10. /lɔːntʃ/vt.发射(导弹、火箭等)；发起 11. /treIs/vt.追溯；追踪；查出n．[C，U]痕迹；遗迹；踪迹 12. /'frʌntIə(r)/n.[熟词生义][C，usually pl.](尤指知识的)前沿；(学科或活动的)尖端，边缘 13. /əˌpriːʃi'eIʃn/n.[C，sing.]欣赏；赏识 14. /'sædn/vt.使悲伤，使难过 15. /'æbstrækt/adj.抽象的；理性的 n．[C](文献等的)摘要 16. /'stedi/adj.稳定的，平稳的，稳步的 17. /'kɒnsept/n.[C]概念；观念 18. /ə'strɒnəmə(r)/n.[C]天文学家 19. /bI'saIdz/prep.除……之外(还)(相当于apart from) adv.而且；此外 20. /ˌfɜːðə'mɔː(r)/adv.此外，再者(＝moreover) 【答案】1.aerospace 2.patriotic 3.devotion 4.odd 5.aviation 6.defend 7.propulsion 8.missile 9.leadership 10.launch 11.trace 12.frontier 13.appreciation 14.sadden 15.abstract 16.steady 17.concept 18.astronomer 19.besides 20.furthermore 二．短语默写 1． 突然开始；爆发 2． 主管；掌管 3． 患(病)；染上(小病) 4． 最重要的是；尤其是 5． 改变……到 6． 从事……的研究 7． 阻止某人做某事 8． 追溯到 9． 承认某人的错误 【答案】1．break out 2．in charge of3．come down4．above all5．switch...to...6．conduct research into/on 7．discourage sb from doing sth8．trace back to9．admit one’s fault 三．完成句子 1....it different shadows of you...……它投射出你不同的影子…… 2.A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 3.However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and the country. 然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 4.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and scientists in physics. 斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。 5.However，after the Songhu Battle in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 6. things other people make.)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。 【答案】1.casts 2..pour 3.defend 4.gifted 5.broke out 6.We Chinese are able to make the same， that 一．分析下面长难句并翻译 1. [尝试翻译]　 2. [尝试翻译]　 【答案】1.霍金第一次出名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的研究生，身体健康，还能走路。 2.一旦计算被修正，它表明大爆炸理论——而不是稳态理论——是正确的。 二．仿写下列句式 1．This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. [尝试仿写]　我们的老师使我们感到更自信。 2．...Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. [尝试仿写]　因此，我写信来表示对你的健康的关心。 Therefore, I am writing to you 【答案】1.Our teacher makes us feel more confident 2.to show my concern for your health 三．核心知识点解析 知识点1：cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷；选派(角色) ...it casts different shadows of you...(教材P6)……它投射出你不同的影子…… 【精讲】cast sb as...　选某人扮演 cast a/your vote (for...) (为……)投票 cast...over/on/across... 在……上投射…… cast n. 全体演员；投；掷 [一词多义]　写出下列句中cast的词性及含义 ①When anxiety beats you, or casts a shadow over your life, this is a serious problem.vt.投射(光、影子等) ②He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie.vt.选派角色，分配角色 ③She cast an impatient look at Mitch and stormed out of the room.vt.向……投以 ④The whole cast of My people, My Country performs/perform brilliantly.n.全体演员 ⑤About ninety－five percent of those who cast their votes approved of the new plan.vt.投票 知识点2：pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) vi.(水)流出来；(烟)被吐出；涌现；下大雨 A non－Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.(教材P7)非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。 【精讲】pour sth into/down/out(sth)　把某物倒进/倒下/倒出(某物) pour sth into sth 大量投入(金钱等)于某事物 pour out 倾吐；倾诉；尽情地诉说 pour cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨 ①We’ll pour about 30% more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 我们将往一个矮且宽的玻璃杯里倒入的液体比往高且细的玻璃杯里倒入的液体多大约百分之三十。 ②The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system. 政府把大量资金投入到了教育系统中。 知识点3：defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 【精讲】(1)defend...against/from...保卫……免受……之害 defend against... 防御…… defend oneself/sb 为自己/某人辩护 (2)defence n. 防御；保卫；辩护；防御物 defence against ……的抵御物 in defence of... 保卫……；为……辩护 come to sb’s defence 为某人辩护 ①She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands，as if in defence. 她往后退，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在防卫。 ②The immune system is our main defence against diseases.免疫系统是我们抵御疾病的主要屏障。 知识点4：gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.(教材P8)斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。 【精讲】be gifted in (doing) sth　　在(做)……方面有天赋 be gifted with sth 天生具备…… gift n. 天赋；礼物；赠品 have a gift/talent for 有……的天赋 ①Don’t sell her short：she is very gifted in some areas. 别小看她，她在某些方面很有天赋。 ②Tom is gifted in painting while Mary has a gift for language. 汤姆在绘画方面有天赋而玛丽在语言方面有天赋。 [语境串记] The gifted young girl who has a gift for music was presented with some wonderful gifts by the audience. 这个年轻的天才女孩在音乐方面有天赋，观众送给她一些精美的礼物。 知识点5：abstract adj.抽象的，理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要 Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.(教材P8)自从他得了一种使他大部分肌肉失去功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一种抽象的思想世界。 【精讲】(1)adj.抽象的，抽象派的。其反义词为concrete(具体的) abstract thinking/noun/concept抽象思维/名词/概念 (2)vt.写出(书等的)摘要；提取；分离 abstract...from...从……中摘录/提取；分离 (3)/n.(文献等的)摘要；概要；抽象派艺术作品 in the abstract抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory) (4)abstractly adv.抽象地 [一词多义]　写出下列句中abstract的词性及含义 ①I liked facts，things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.adj.抽象的 ②In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper.n.摘要 ③It is known to all that rubber is abstracted from trees.vt.提取 知识点6：break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(教材P7)然而，在1932年“一·二八淞沪抗战”打响后，钱学森决定转到航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 【精讲】含有break的其他常用短语 break away from　挣脱；逃离 break down (谈判)失败；出故障；(身体) 垮掉；分解 break in 打断谈话；插话；闯入(行窃) (不加宾语) break into 强行闯入 break off 中断；断开 break through 突破；冲破；克服；战胜 break up 打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 ①A fire broke out in a hospital last night, but no one was killed. 昨天晚上一家医院发生了火灾，但没有人伤亡。 ②See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn’t make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 看，你的电脑又出故障了！为了省几个钱而去买廉价品牌的电脑是不明智的。 [名师提醒]　如此“发生” break out, take place, happen, occur都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。 知识点7：in charge of主管；掌管 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(教材P8)他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，他不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹项目。 【精讲】in charge　主管；负责 (sth be)in the charge of＝(sth be)in one’s charge (某事)由某人负责/主管 take charge(of...) 负责……；掌管…… free of charge＝for free 免费 ①He asked to speak to the person in charge.他要求和负责人说话。 ②There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a teacher who was generally very confident with the children was asked to take charge of him.托儿所有个很调皮的男孩，一个通常对孩子很有信心的老师被要求来负责照顾他。 ③My uncle is in charge of a local hospital. →A local hospital is in the charge of my uncle.我叔叔掌管一家当地医院。 知识点8：above all最重要的是；尤其是 Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.(教材P9)最重要的是，霍金愿意承认他的错误。 【精讲】first of all　首先(强调顺序) after all 毕竟；终究 above all 尤其是；最重要的是(强调重要性) all of a sudden (＝suddenly) 突然，冷不防 all but(＝almost) 几乎；差不多 ①After all, no one knows me better than me. 毕竟，没有人比我更了解我自己。 ②Never waste anything, and above all never waste time. 任何东西都不要浪费，尤其是时间。 ③All of a sudden they felt the earth tremble around them. 突然他们感到周围的大地在颤抖。 ④They learned that work was all but impossible to find in that country. 他们听说在那个国家找工作几乎是一件不可能的事。 知识点9：We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.(教材P8)我们中国人能做出和别人一样的东西。 【精讲】the same后有时用that引导定语从句，表示“同一个，就是那一个”。 ①This is the same cell phone that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那部手机。 ②I bought the same book as you read yesterday. 我买了一本跟你昨天读的一样的书。 [易混辨析] the same...as... 表示“与……一样……”，即同类异物 the same...that... 表示“同一个” 知识点10：When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，his reply was a determined “Why not？...”(教材P8)当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答非常坚决：“为什么不能？……” 【精讲】状语从句的省略用法归纳： (1)省略的条件：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中的谓语动词由be动词构成时，从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略；从句的主语和主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it且谓语动词为be时，it和be动词可以省略。 (2)省略的形式：“when/while/if(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”，“though/although/unless(主语＋be)＋分词、形容词、介词等”或者“though/although/unless(主语＋与主句谓语相同的动词)＋副词”。 ①When speaking (speak) English, he often makes mistakes. 他说英语时经常犯错误。 ②Unless frightened, elephants will not attack you. 除非受到惊吓，否则大象不会攻击你。 ③If necessary，we’ll help him solve the problem. 如果有必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。 一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词 1．I’d like to buy a (望远镜) for my son as a gift. 2．This scientist made great contributions to the development of (天文学)． 3．All the teachers are satisfied with your (绝妙的) performance in the speech contest. 4．The house isn’t big enough for us, and (此外), it’s too far from the town. 5．Strong (领导才能) is needed to captain this team. 6.The player’s (杰出的) performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 7．The professor’s theory is hard for us to understand. 8．I’m really sorry—it is all my ． 9．To our amazement, he refused to his idea. 10．I have got memories of my happy childhood. 【答案】1.telescope 2.astronomy3.brilliant4.furthermore5.leadership6.outstanding7.abstract 8.fault9.transform 10.vivid 二.选词填空 break out, above all, in charge of, come down with，have a great impact on, think outside the box，trace back to, dream of 1．The old tea houses in Hangzhou can the Southern Song Dynasty. 2． , we must make good use of online courses to improve our learning efficiency. 3．For years man being able to communicate directly with animals. 4．It’s required that the people who a fever be sent to designated hospitals (定点医院) to have further examinations. 5．The difficulties and challenges we meet at university will our personality. 6．He was named as a team leader the prevention of this deadly epidemic. 7．To solve this tough problem, we’re going to have to ． 8．Under certain circumstances, however, some diseases can and cause widespread infection. 【答案】1.be traced back to 2.Above all3.has dreamt of4.come down with 5. have a great impact on6.in charge of 7.think outside the box8.break out 三.课文语法填空 The Father of China’s Aerospace Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1. (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.He was a well－respected man, 2. served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion.Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai.In 1935, he went to the US 3. further study and then worked there.After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. (return) to China in 1955, and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as the space and missile programme.5. (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged.When 6. (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was “Why not？” Under 7. (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles，rockets, and man－made satellites 8. (success)．Qian was knowledgeable.However, 9. made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. (inspire) in scientific research.The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了航天科学家——钱学森。 1.【答案】greater　 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：或许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国的航天科学影响更大了。由后文中的than可以判断设空处用形容词比较级，故填greater。注意：否定词与形容词比较级连用表示最高级的含义。 2．【答案】who　 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion是一个非限制性定语从句且从句中缺少主语，修饰先行词man，故填who。 3．【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：1935年，他去美国深造，然后在那里工作。further study意为“深造”，前面应用介词for。 4．【答案】returned　 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在克服了一些困难之后，他于1955年回到中国……。分析句子结构可知，设空处充当谓语，根据时间状语in 1955确定用一般过去时，故填returned。 5．【答案】Faced 【解析】　考查非谓语动词。句意：面对挑战，钱学森并没有气馁。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作状语，be faced with...意为“面对……”，故填过去分词Faced。 6．【答案】asked 【解析】　考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问到“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗？”，他的回答是“为什么不能呢？”。分析句子结构可知，设空处完整的表达为：When (he was) asked“Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”，故填asked 7．【答案】his 【解析】　考查代词。句意：在他的领导下，中国成功地研制了自己的导弹、火箭和人造卫星。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语修饰名词leadership，故用形容词性物主代词his。] 8．【答案】successfully 【解析】　考查词性转换。句意：在他的领导下，中国成功地研制了自己的导弹、火箭和人造卫星。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语修饰动词developed，故用副词successfully。 9．【答案】what 【解析】　考查名词性从句。句意：然而，使他成为一位杰出的、创造性的科学家的可能是他对其他东西的兴趣，比如音乐和绘画，这为他的科学研究提供了灵感。分析句子结构可知， made him an outstanding and creative scientist是一个主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what。 10．【答案】inspiration 【解析】考查词性转换。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，设空处作及物动词gave的直接宾语，故填名词inspiration，意为“启发；灵感；激励”。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $