Unit 1 Science and Scientist 读后续写学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

人教版选择性必修二Unit1 Science and Scientists 读后续写学案（学生版） 第一部分：单元课文话题词块积累 1、 面部词汇 _________________________ 灿烂/快乐的微笑 _________________________ 天真的微笑 _________________________ 晒黑的脸 __________________________________ 额头上有些皱纹 ____________ 红润的 ___________________ 瘦瘦/圆圆的脸 ___________________ 有和善的脸 ______________________________ 长着胡子 _____________ 有皱纹的 _______________________ （眉头）紧锁 二、眼睛词汇 ________________________ 充满血丝的眼睛 ________________________ 闪闪发光的眼睛 ________________________ 乌黑的眼睛 ________________________ 睁得圆圆的眼睛 ________________________ 翻了翻白眼 ________________________ 眼泪汪汪的眼睛 三、衣着、身材词汇 ____________________ 穿着体面的 ____________________ 衣衫褴褛的 ____________ 破旧的 ___________________ 一件黑色夹克 ___________________ 一对耳环 ___________________ 瘦长结实的身体 ___________________ 戴圆眼镜 ___________________ 一条漂亮的围巾 ___________________ 一个黑色的蝴蝶领结 四、性格类词汇 _____________ 有爱心的 ______________ 体贴周到的 ______________ 热心的 ______________ 容易相处的 ______________ 乐于助人的 ______________ 热心肠的 __________ 主动的，活跃的 ___________ 有进取心的 _________________________ 乐观并有抱负的 _________________________ 一个意志坚定的人 ____________________________ 坚定的决心和勇气 ____________________________ 责任感 第二部分：单元话题教材语料积累 一、情感细节描写之快乐与兴奋 delight n．快乐vt.使高兴→_________ adj.高兴的→____________ adj.令人高兴的 cheer n．欢呼声vt.& vi.(为……)欢呼/喝彩→_______ adj.兴高采烈的→________ adv.兴高采烈地 joy n．欢乐→_______ adj.高兴的→___________ adv.高兴地→______________ adj.狂喜的 happy adj.高兴的→__________ adv.高兴地→_____________ n．幸福，快乐 please vt.& vi.(使)高兴→________ adj.高兴的→_________ adj.使人愉快的→_________ n．快乐 excite vt.使兴奋→________ adj.兴奋的→________ adj.令人兴奋的→___________ n．兴奋，激动 thrill n．激动vt.& vi.(使)极为激动/兴奋→________ adj.非常激动的→__________ adj.令人激动的 _______________ 情绪高涨 __________________________ 心满意足 ________________________________ 既兴奋又开心 _________________________________________ 欣喜若狂 _______________________ 激动地 _______________________ 快乐地笑 ______________________________ 沐浴在极度的喜悦中 _________________________ 高兴得跳起来 二、动作描写 ________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任　 ________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责　 ________ vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低　 ________ vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷　 ________ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)　 ________ vt.追溯；追踪；查出　 ________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解　 assistant n．助理；助手→_________ vt.帮助；协助　 ____________ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 三、课文原句 1.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情绪描写) 2.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man.(人物描写) 3.Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable，especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写) 4.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.(动作描写) 5.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore，he was quite determined.(人物描写) 【续写语料运用】 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我面带愁容。我是如此沮丧以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过呢？因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。我面带坚定的微笑，开始收集相关证据。 I 1.was __________ of stealing the woman’s gold ring，which 2.______ a cloud of _________ over my face.3.So ___________ was I that tears _________ down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should 4.take the _________ for somebody else’s _______.So I tried my best to 5._______ the real thief to ________ my innocence.With my friends 6.____________ me，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged.Wearing a determined smile，I began to collect relevant proofs. 第三部分：单元重点续写词汇应用 1. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；觉得(坏事可能属实或发生) n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 [教材原句P2]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that...怀疑……；觉得…… (2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃担心地看了体育老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己在这座巨大的建筑物中辨别方向的能力。” Eva cast a worried look at her PE teacher，murmuring，“________________________________________________.” 2. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 [北师大版]This time，human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们不应该责怪别人，而应该把一些错误归咎于自己。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always _______________________________.After all，many times _____________________________.So instead of ______________，we ____________________________________. 2. until 引导的时间状语从句 [教材原句P2]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 ·until引导时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 ·部分倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 ·强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 (1)(读后续写之情绪描写) 我们一直与这只凶猛的熊作斗争，直到一些好心的人冲过来帮助我们对付它，我们才松了一口气。 We ____________________________________ some kind people rushed to help us handle it and we sighed in relief. (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)直到在森林里迷了路，简才发出一声后悔的喊叫。 ①Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret _______________________________. ②_______________________________ Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写) ③______________________________________ Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写) 3. 疑问词＋不定式 [教材原句P2]As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 [教材原句P3]Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 ·“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等句子成分。 ·在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式；用于该结构的常见疑问词有who，what，which，how，when，where等。 注意：whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。 (1)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)脸上带着鼓励的微笑，我的搭档耐心地说：“最重要的是下一步做什么。能否得一等奖取决于我们的周密计划。” My partner said patiently，casting an encouraging smile，“The most important is _____________________________ depends on our careful plans.” (2)我们正在就何时何地为我们敬爱的英语老师举办惊喜派对而展开激烈的争论。 We are having a heated debate on _____________________________________ for our beloved English teacher. 4. so...that...引导结果状语从句 [教材原句P2]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 [教材原句P2]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋ adj./adv.＋that... so＋ adj.＋a/an＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋ n．＋that... ·such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋ adj.＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... such＋ adj.＋ n．(复数或不可数)＋that... ·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉他的舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was ___________________________________ and palms sweating. ②____________________________________________ and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写) 5. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [教材原句P7]However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 break away from脱离/挣脱…… break down出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除 break in插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break up打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 (读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He _____________________，“I am not to blame.” And then he stormed out of the room in anger. 6. defend vt.保卫；防守；保护；辩解 (defence/defense n．防御；保卫) [外研版]You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass，score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist. 你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。 defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫 in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免受它的攻击。 Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed ______________________________________ like an arrow. 7. in charge of 主管；掌管(charge n．费用；主管，负责；看管；责任 v．收费；要价；控诉；指控；充电；向……冲去) [教材原句P8]He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 (读后续写之微写作)悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。她为这枚被盗的戒指向他索取许多钱。幸运的是，一位善良的老人主动免费为男孩辩护。一颗悬着的心终于落下了。 Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he ____________________________ the woman’s gold ring.She ____________________________________________.Luckily，a kind-hearted old man offered to defend the boy ______________________.A hanging heart finally fell. 8. 过去分词(短语)作状语 [教材原句P7]Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 [结构分析]此句是简单句，Born in Shanghai in 1911是过去分词短语作状语，to study Railway Mechanical Engineering是不定式短语作目的状语。 ·及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。 ·过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 ·有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。 (1)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)被蜘蛛网(spider-webs)覆盖，这只蜂鸟几乎无法扇动翅膀。 __________________________，the hummingbird was barely able to move her wings. (2)(个人成长类读后续写升华句)受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 _____________________________________________，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer. (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。 ______________________，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm. 9. what 引导的名词性从句 [教材原句P8]However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 [结构分析]此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”等。 (1)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃不知道该用什么方法在这座巨大的建筑物里辨别方向，她沮丧得几乎要哭了。 Eva had no idea ______________________________________________________ and so frustrated was she that she was on the edge of crying. (2)(读后续写之动作描写)在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。 After ____________________________，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. 第四部分：高频词训练 I. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子(每空一词)。 1. To the public, he was seen as a ________________________ (长相略显怪异的) but _______（善良的）and _________ (有趣的) man. 2. To our surprise, he was actually the _______ and _________ (体贴的) father of three children. 3. He had ___________________（浓密的小胡子）and _____________________（长长的白发）,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. II. 根据句A的结构翻译句B。 1. A. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. B. 在确定他来对了地方之后，汤姆终于按响了门铃。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. A. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. B. 然后他试着找了一根棍子，用它把挣扎的狗从水里拉出来，但他又失败了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. B. 在那座城市逗留期间，出于好奇，他们探索了那座老房子，揭开了房子里隐藏的秘密。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【真题演练】 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Alex rode his bike on his way home，and Johnson’s Pond came into view. Sometimes his dad took him canoeing(划独木舟) there，and Alex loved it.The pond was always so alive with activity，and sometimes Alex discovered turtles(乌龟) sunbathing on sunny rocks.Alex was curious about the turtles he saw.When it was too rainy to go canoeing，he and his dad would go to the library to check out books on turtles. Now it looked like tomorrow might be another sunny day.He decided he would ask Dad if they could go canoeing and look for turtles again. Just then Alex saw something in the road up ahead.It looked like a big gray rock.But it was a funny place for a rock to be.He jumped off to have a look.It turned out that it was actually a large turtle making its way across the road.Alex knew right away it was a snapping turtle. Out of the corner of his eye，he saw a car approaching.The turtle was still only halfway across the road.Alex knew he couldn’t pick it up because snapping turtles have a powerful bite and they could even bite off someone’s finger! What could he do? Thinking fast，he started waving both hands wildly.“Stop! Stop！” he cried.The car slowed to a stop. “Are you alight，Alex？” It was his neighbor，Mrs Ramos. “I’m fine，Mrs Ramos，” said Alex.“I’m just trying to save a turtle.It’s probably going to lay egg.” “Oh，yeah.It’s spring，” said Mrs Ramos.“So，I guess a lot of turtles need to lay their eggs in the grass across the road.” Then she waved goodbye and drove off. Alex thought about what Mrs Ramos had said.“There would probably be more turtles trying to cross the road at this spot！” he realized.But he couldn’t stand there all day trying to stop cars.He looked around and a road sign caught his eye.And then his face brightened. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 He jumped on his bike and raced home to find Dad. ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning，Dad and Alex drove to the pond with the wooden sign in the car. ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修二Unit1 Science and Scientists 读后续写学案（教师版） 第一部分：单元课文话题词块积累 1、 面部词汇 a broad/happy smile 灿烂/快乐的微笑 an innocent smile 天真的微笑 sun-brunt face 晒黑的脸 with some wrinkles on one’s forehead 额头上有些皱纹 rosy 红润的 thin/round-face 瘦瘦/圆圆的脸 with a kind face 有和善的脸 wearing a moustache/beard 长着胡子 wrinkled 有皱纹的 knot in a frown （眉头）紧锁 二、眼睛词汇 bloodshot eyes 充满血丝的眼睛 sparking/glittering eyes 闪闪发光的眼睛 dark eyes 乌黑的眼睛 wide-open eyes 睁得圆圆的眼睛 roll one’s eyes 翻了翻白眼 watery eyes 眼泪汪汪的眼睛 三、衣着、身材词汇 well-dressed 穿着体面的 in rags 衣衫褴褛的 shabby 破旧的 a black jacket 一件黑色夹克 a pair of earrings 一对耳环 a slim, strong body 瘦长结实的身体 wear round glasses 戴圆眼镜 a beautiful scarf 一条漂亮的围巾 a black bow tie 一个黑色的蝴蝶领结 四、性格类词汇 caring 有爱心的 considerate 体贴周到的 enthusiastic 热心的 easygoing 容易相处的 helpful 乐于助人的 warm-hearted 热心肠的 active 主动的，活跃的 aggressive 有进取心的 optimistic and ambitious 乐观并有抱负的 a strong-minded person 一个意志坚定的人 great determination and courage 坚定的决心和勇气 a sense of responsibility 责任感 第二部分：单元话题教材语料积累 一、情感细节描写之快乐与兴奋 delight n．快乐vt.使高兴→delighted adj.高兴的→delightful adj.令人高兴的 cheer n．欢呼声vt.& vi.(为……)欢呼/喝彩→cheerful adj.兴高采烈的→cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地 joy n．欢乐→joyful adj.高兴的→joyfully adv.高兴地→overjoyed adj.狂喜的 happy adj.高兴的→happily adv.高兴地→happiness n．幸福，快乐 please vt.& vi.(使)高兴→pleased adj.高兴的→pleasing adj.使人愉快的→pleasure n．快乐 excite vt.使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动 thrill n．激动vt.& vi.(使)极为激动/兴奋→thrilled adj.非常激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的 be in high spirits情绪高涨 be/feel on top of the world 心满意足 a mixture of excitement and happiness既兴奋又开心 be wild/seized with delight/happiness/joy 欣喜若狂 in/with excitement 激动地 laugh happily快乐地笑 be bathed in extreme joy沐浴在极度的喜悦中 dance/jump for joy 高兴得跳起来 二、动作描写 suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任　 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责　 decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低　 cast vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷　 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)　 trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出　 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解　 assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助　 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 三、课文原句 1.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(情绪描写) 2.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort，achievement，and devotion，Qian was an extremely well-respected man.(人物描写) 3.Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable，especially in the area of frontier science research.(人物描写) 4.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures，Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.(动作描写) 5.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore，he was quite determined.(人物描写) 【续写语料运用】 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我面带愁容。我是如此沮丧以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。后来，我想我为什么要代人受过呢？因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。我面带坚定的微笑，开始收集相关证据。 I 1.was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring，which 2.cast a cloud of frustration over my face.3.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should 4.take the blame for somebody else’s faults.So I tried my best to 5.trace the real thief to defend my innocence.With my friends 6.assisting me，I was greatly convinced that I would prove that I was wronged.Wearing a determined smile，I began to collect relevant proofs. 第三部分：单元重点续写词汇应用 1. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；觉得(坏事可能属实或发生) n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 [教材原句P2]Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. 斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect that...怀疑……；觉得…… (2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃担心地看了体育老师一眼，低声说：“我确实怀疑自己在这座巨大的建筑物中辨别方向的能力。” Eva cast a worried look at her PE teacher，murmuring，“I do suspect myself of my ability in distinguishing directions in the huge building.” 2. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责 [北师大版]This time，human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动是主要原因。 be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任；应受责备 blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事责备某人；把(做)某事归咎于某人 blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事 (1)Although the teaching assistant was to blame(blame) for the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her for it. [写作佳句] (2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们不应该责怪别人，而应该把一些错误归咎于自己。 When getting along with others，we shouldn’t always blame others for mistakes.After all，many times we are also to blame.So instead of blaming others，we should blame some mistakes on ourselves. 2. until 引导的时间状语从句 [教材原句P2]Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 ·until引导时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。 ·部分倒装结构：“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。 ·强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。 (1)(读后续写之情绪描写) 我们一直与这只凶猛的熊作斗争，直到一些好心的人冲过来帮助我们对付它，我们才松了一口气。 We kept fighting with the fierce bear until some kind people rushed to help us handle it and we sighed in relief. (2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)直到在森林里迷了路，简才发出一声后悔的喊叫。 ①Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret until she got lost in the forest. ②Not until she got lost in the forest did Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写) ③It was not until she got lost in the forest that Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写) 3. 疑问词＋不定式 [教材原句P2]As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 [教材原句P3]Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 ·“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等句子成分。 ·在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式；用于该结构的常见疑问词有who，what，which，how，when，where等。 注意：whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。 (1)(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)脸上带着鼓励的微笑，我的搭档耐心地说：“最重要的是下一步做什么。能否得一等奖取决于我们的周密计划。” My partner said patiently，casting an encouraging smile，“The most important is what to do next.Whether to win first prize depends on our careful plans.” (2)我们正在就何时何地为我们敬爱的英语老师举办惊喜派对而展开激烈的争论。 We are having a heated debate on when and where to hold a surprise party for our beloved English teacher. 4. so...that...引导结果状语从句 [教材原句P2]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 [教材原句P2]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 ·so...that...句型的常见形式： so＋ adj./adv.＋that... so＋ adj.＋a/an＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋ n．＋that... ·such...that...句型的常见形式： such＋a/an＋ adj.＋ n．(单数可数)＋that... such＋ adj.＋ n．(复数或不可数)＋that... ·当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉他的舌头打结，手心出汗。 ①He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. ②So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写) 5. break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [教材原句P7]However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 break away from脱离/挣脱…… break down出故障；坏掉；失败；(身体等)垮掉；消除 break in插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break up打碎；结束；(关系等)破裂 (读后续写之情绪描写)他粗鲁地插嘴道：“我不应受责备。”然后，他愤怒地冲出了房间。 He broke in rudely，“I am not to blame.” And then he stormed out of the room in anger. 6. defend vt.保卫；防守；保护；辩解 (defence/defense n．防御；保卫) [外研版]You do not have to be a fan to recognise the skill of professional players—how they use their bodies to pass，score and defend can be amazing to see—or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist. 你不用成为球迷也能看明白职业球员的球技有多么好——他们运用身体传球、得分、防守，这些就足以令观众眼花缭乱——或者感受到球赛中惊人逆转带来的那种兴奋感。 defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫 in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one’s defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子免受它的攻击。 Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son from/against its attacks like an arrow. 7. in charge of 主管；掌管(charge n．费用；主管，负责；看管；责任 v．收费；要价；控诉；指控；充电；向……冲去) [教材原句P8]He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 in the charge of由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of负责/看管(表动作) free of charge免费 charge (sb) for sth 为……(向某人)收费/要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事 (读后续写之微写作)悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。她为这枚被盗的戒指向他索取许多钱。幸运的是，一位善良的老人主动免费为男孩辩护。一颗悬着的心终于落下了。 Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money for the stolen ring.Luckily，a kind-hearted old man offered to defend the boy free of charge.A hanging heart finally fell. 8. 过去分词(短语)作状语 [教材原句P7]Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. 钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。 [结构分析]此句是简单句，Born in Shanghai in 1911是过去分词短语作状语，to study Railway Mechanical Engineering是不定式短语作目的状语。 ·及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词(短语)作状语只表示完成的动作。 ·过去分词(短语)作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 ·有的过去分词已经转化成了形容词，作状语时不表示动作而是表示主语的一种状态。 (1)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)被蜘蛛网(spider-webs)覆盖，这只蜂鸟几乎无法扇动翅膀。 Covered in spider-webs，the hummingbird was barely able to move her wings. (2)(个人成长类读后续写升华句)受到他的善举的鼓舞，我决定将来帮助更多的人，使我们的世界更美好、更温暖。 Inspired/Encouraged by his act of kindness，I determined to help more people in the future to make our world more beautiful and much warmer. (3)(读后续写之情绪描写)既害怕又沮丧，简坐在一棵树旁，用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。 Scared and frustrated，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm. 9. what 引导的名词性从句 [教材原句P8]However，what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things，such as music and drawing.然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。 [结构分析]此句是复合句，连接代词what引导的是主语从句，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。 连接代词what除引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，意为“什么”“……的事”“……的地方”“什么的样子”“……的时间”等。 (1)(2024·浙江1月，读后续写)伊娃不知道该用什么方法在这座巨大的建筑物里辨别方向，她沮丧得几乎要哭了。 Eva had no idea what method she should adopt to tell directions in the huge building and so frustrated was she that she was on the edge of crying. (2)(读后续写之动作描写)在似乎一个世纪的时间之后，我的丈夫终于出现了，我冲向前，紧紧地拥抱他，眼里含着泪水。 After what seemed like a century，my husband finally arrived and I dashed forward and hugged him tightly，with my eyes filled with tears. 第四部分：高频词训练 I. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子(每空一词)。 1. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking (长相略显怪异的) but kind（善良的）and funny (有趣的) man. 2. To our surprise, he was actually the gentle and caring (体贴的) father of three children. 3. He had a thick moustache（浓密的小胡子）and long white hair（长长的白发）,which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. II. 根据句A的结构翻译句B。 1. A. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. B. 在确定他来对了地方之后，汤姆终于按响了门铃。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. A. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. B. 然后他试着找了一根棍子，用它把挣扎的狗从水里拉出来，但他又失败了。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. B. 在那座城市逗留期间，出于好奇，他们探索了那座老房子，揭开了房子里隐藏的秘密。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【真题演练】 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Alex rode his bike on his way home，and Johnson’s Pond came into view. Sometimes his dad took him canoeing(划独木舟) there，and Alex loved it.The pond was always so alive with activity，and sometimes Alex discovered turtles(乌龟) sunbathing on sunny rocks.Alex was curious about the turtles he saw.When it was too rainy to go canoeing，he and his dad would go to the library to check out books on turtles. Now it looked like tomorrow might be another sunny day.He decided he would ask Dad if they could go canoeing and look for turtles again. Just then Alex saw something in the road up ahead.It looked like a big gray rock.But it was a funny place for a rock to be.He jumped off to have a look.It turned out that it was actually a large turtle making its way across the road.Alex knew right away it was a snapping turtle. Out of the corner of his eye，he saw a car approaching.The turtle was still only halfway across the road.Alex knew he couldn’t pick it up because snapping turtles have a powerful bite and they could even bite off someone’s finger! What could he do? Thinking fast，he started waving both hands wildly.“Stop! Stop！” he cried.The car slowed to a stop. “Are you alight，Alex？” It was his neighbor，Mrs Ramos. “I’m fine，Mrs Ramos，” said Alex.“I’m just trying to save a turtle.It’s probably going to lay egg.” “Oh，yeah.It’s spring，” said Mrs Ramos.“So，I guess a lot of turtles need to lay their eggs in the grass across the road.” Then she waved goodbye and drove off. Alex thought about what Mrs Ramos had said.“There would probably be more turtles trying to cross the road at this spot！” he realized.But he couldn’t stand there all day trying to stop cars.He looked around and a road sign caught his eye.And then his face brightened. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 He jumped on his bike and raced home to find Dad. ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The next morning，Dad and Alex drove to the pond with the wooden sign in the car. ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 He jumped on his bike and raced home to find Dad.“Dad，can I have some old wood to make a wooden sign？” Alex asked eagerly.Hearing Alex’s full explanation，Dad then smiled knowingly.Then the father and son devoted themselves to cutting a wood board into the right “T” shape.After that，Alex wrote down a line with red paint on both sides of the sign，reading “Slow! Turtles Crossing！” Work all done，they put the wooden sign into their car and went for dinner. The next morning，Dad and Alex drove to the pond with the wooden sign in the car.Upon arriving，they sprang into action.Alex pulled the sign to the side of the road and held it tightly while Dad hammered it into the ground.Sweat dripping into their eyes，they worked with passion until the sign got fixed firmly in the ground.Alex stepped back and surveyed their work.“Slow! Turtles Crossing！” he read out loud and grinned.“Ready to go canoeing？” “Yes！” Alex blurted out，rushing to the pond with pride. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $