Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time 同步练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit 4新授课同步练，以“基础过关练+能力提升练”分层设计，通过词汇→句型→语篇递进路径巩固语言能力，融入思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础过关练|核心词汇（一词多义）、基础语法（单句填空）、基础句型（完成句子）|一词多义辨析强化词汇语境应用，单句语法填空聚焦介词、时态等基础考点| |能力提升练|语篇语法（课文填空）、综合语法（语篇填空）、语篇理解（阅读）、语篇衔接（七选五）|阅读理解结合地震科学培养思维品质，七选五训练语篇逻辑衔接能力|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters 　Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time 基础过关练 Ⅰ.一词多义 A.v.划(火柴)　B.v.(灾难、疾病等)侵袭 C.v.让(某人)觉得　D.v.(钟)敲,报时 E.n.罢工 1.The clock struck twelve, showing that it was midnight. 　　　  2.The girl struck a match and the warm light filled the room immediately. 　　　  3.They have been on strike for several days to get higher pay. 　　　  4.[2026重庆市杨家坪中学月考]That summer, a severe heatwave struck our town. Day after day, the sun beat down on the ground mercilessly. 　　　  5.[2025全国一]They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important. 　　　　  A.v.影响　B.v.(疾病)侵袭 6.[2025全国二]These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come. 　　　  7.It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease. 　　　  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　 summary, my mom's simple act has a deep effect 　　　　　 me.   2.Our team of experts will be 　　　　　 hand to offer help between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. daily.   3.You choose which 　　　　　 (long) you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.  4.　　　　　 struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn't know.   5.I knew that this dog had to be perfect. It would also have to look the part. This was theater, and the audience wanted to be 　　　　　(sweep) away by the magic.  6.[2026江西赣州二十四校联考]I often took advantage of the food 　　　　　 apps that only cost me a couple of dollars 　　　　　 food right up to my 19th-floor apartment, almost always in about 30 minutes. (deliver)  7.Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all 　　　　　 he saw and heard in China.   8.It was in this school 　　　　　 name he will never forget that he won the speaking competition about how the army and volunteer workers made joint efforts 　　　　　 (return) the earthquake disaster area to normal.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.[2026山东滨州期中]在他十岁时,他的父母不遗余力地给了他上普通学校的机会,在那里,他的同龄人把他当作普通学生看待。(effort) His parents 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 him the chance to attend a regular school at ten, where his peers treated him as a normal student.  2.我正在访问我们学校的网站,这时我注意到了英文报Youth。(was/were doing...when...) I 　　　　 　　　　 our school's website 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the English newspaper Youth.   3.当铅笔的一部分浸入一杯水里时,它看起来好像被折断了。 (as if虚拟语气) When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 　　The Daily News 　　A tsunami caused by the most 　1　(power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing over 6,500 people in several 　2　(country). The undersea earthquake 　3　 reached a magnitude of 9.0 occurred around 7:00 am, Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, 　4　(cause) at least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, which is located about 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood 　5　 2,498 while in India as many as 1,900 people were killed.  　　Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 　6　(expect) to grow even 　7　(high) over the next few days. 　8　 foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, dangerous conditions and 　9　(damage) roads will make it difficult 　10　(deliver) food and supplies.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅱ.语法填空 [2026广东汕头月考] 　　The Global AI-Powered Weather Warning System, developed by 　1　 joint team from China, the US and Germany, officially went live on March 15, 2025. This new technology aims to strengthen global disaster prevention, with its influence already reaching 120 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America.   　　The practical 　2　(apply) of the system has brought immediate changes to local meteorological (气象学的) work. In Bangladesh, a country often hit by floods, the system has 　3　(obvious) cut the time for flood warnings from 12 hours to 3 hours, allowing more residents to evacuate safely. Local forecasters noted that before this tool came into use, they often felt 　4　(confuse) by messy data from old monitoring equipment—now, the AI sorts and analyzes information automatically.   　　The system's core technology, 　5　 took five years to refine, combines real-time satellite observations with deep learning. The team's 　6　 (adventure) tests in extreme environments, such as simulating super typhoons and desert droughts, ensured it works reliably in harsh conditions. “We didn't just build a tool—we built a lifeline,” said Dr. Elena Rodriguez, one of the lead developers.   　　Today, the system　7　 (admire) by disaster relief organizations globally. The United Nations has used it 　8　 its global disaster response network, helping coordinate(协调) aid for regions at risk. Developers are also planning updates 　9　 (improve) its performance in polar regions, where weather changes are often harder to predict.   　　To keep advancing the technology, tech firms and research institutions are welcoming new　10　 (graduate) with expertise in AI and atmospheric science. “The system's future depends on young talents who can link technology to real-world needs,” Dr. Rodriguez added.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　　3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　　5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 [2026重庆市育才中学校期中]思维品质 　　Earthquakes are some of the most powerful and destructive natural events on our planet. Have you ever wondered what causes them? They happen because of the movement of the Earth's crustal plates—these huge pieces of the Earth's surface press and push against each other slowly over time. As they rub together, stress builds up in the rock. When that stress gets too strong for the rock to bear, the rock suddenly breaks. This rupture(断裂) releases a huge amount of energy, which travels through the Earth as seismic waves(地震波). These waves are what make the ground shake violently, and the stronger the rock movement is, the more powerful the earthquake will be—sometimes shaking even faraway areas. 　　While earthquakes seldom kill people directly, their results can be disastrous. Most injuries and deaths result from falling objects, collapsing buildings, or fires and dangerous chemical leaks that happen right after. That's why no matter where you are, knowing how to protect yourself and your family during an earthquake is so important. For example, when you feel the ground shaking, quickly find a strong piece of furniture—like a chair, a bed, or a desk, shelter under it, or curl up close by a sofa or a closet. If the roof falls, it might damage the furniture, but the furniture will usually leave a small safe space next to it for you to survive. 　　After an earthquake, acting fast is key to saving lives and reducing damage. Governments, international organizations, and local communities need to work together to provide emergency help. This includes medical care, food, water, temporary shelters, and search-and-rescue missions to find people trapped under ruins. 　　Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating disasters that affect communities around the world. We can't stop them from happening, but we can take steps to make their effects less severe—like building stronger buildings, setting up early warning systems, and planning effective response(响应)and recovery efforts. By working together, we can save more lives and build communities that are better able to bounce back after these powerful natural events. 　1.Why do earthquakes occur according to paragraph 1? A.The Earth's surface is too thin.　　B.Seismic waves shake the ground suddenly. C.Crustal plates move and cause rock rupture.　　D.Rocks on the Earth's surface are not strong enough. 2.What should we do during an earthquake? A.Hide in a closet.　　B.Stay in the bedroom. C.Curl up under a chair.　　D.Lie down next to a bed. 3.What is the key to reducing deaths and damage after an earthquake? A.Quick response of local governments. B.Timely action and cooperation at home and abroad. C.Effective plans to set up immediate warning systems. D.Strict rules for building stronger buildings in risky areas. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Earthquake Risks: Danger and Response B.Earthquake Impacts: The Science Behind Them C.Earthquake Causes: The Roots of Destructive Shakes D.Earthquake Survival Tips: Ways for People to Stay Safe Ⅳ.七选五 [2026湖南三新联盟期中] 　　How to Stay Safe During a Thunderstorm 　　During the summer months, people spend more time outdoors, but the summer brings more than just hot weather—it is also lightning season. Lightning is not something to be taken lightly. 　1　. However, there are ways that you can stay safe during a thunderstorm. Here are some tips on how to reduce your risk of being struck by lightning.  Go inside as soon as possible 　　Staying outside during a thunderstorm is very dangerous. You must be in a building where all the sides are enclosed. Even being in a car is safer than being outside. 　2　.  Stay low to the ground 　　If you cannot get to a shelter, stay as low as possible, so that you are not the tallest thing around in a thunderstorm. 　3　. Avoid places like fields or hilltops and stay away from tall, isolated trees.  　4　  　　When your mother tells you not to run water during a thunderstorm, she is right. Water is a dangerous conductor of electricity, which can travel through it in the pipes and enter your home. Don't ignore thunder 　　If you are close enough to hear thunder, you are close enough to get struck by lightning, so take cover immediately. Lightning can actually strike 10 to 15 miles away from the core of the thunderstorm. Some lightning can strike an area where it is not raining yet. 　5　.  A.Avoid using running water B.Don't touch anything connected to the outdoors C.If you are hiking on a mountain, go down and not up D.In fact, lightning is dangerous and can strike without warning　 E.So don't stay in the pool or play an extra game until the rain starts F.Lightning can still strike even after the thunderstorm seems to have passed G.The metal shell of it spreads the lightning around you and to the ground 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  答案 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.D　句意:时钟敲响了十二点,表明已经是午夜了。 2.A　句意:女孩划了一根火柴,温暖的光立刻充满了房间。 3.E　句意:他们为加薪已经罢工好几天了。 4.B　句意:那年夏天,一阵十分严重的酷热期侵袭了我们的小镇。日复一日,太阳无情地炙烤着大地。 5.C　句意:关于电脑的必要性,他们可以写好几页,但写作本身并没有让他们觉得重要。 6.A　句意:这些影响并非只是短期的,而是已被证实会对青少年未来数年的幸福产生影响。 7.B　句意:并非运动使你健康;更多的是缺乏运动会让你的身体变得虚弱,且容易受到疾病的侵袭。 Ⅱ.1.In;on　考查介词。句意:总之,我妈妈简单的行为对我影响很深。in summary意为“总之”,第一空置于句首,第一个字母要大写,故填In。have a(n)...effect on...意为“对……有……的影响”,故第二空填on。 2.on　考查固定搭配。on hand意为“在场;现有(尤指帮助)”。句意:每天上午8点到下午5点,我们的专家小组将现场提供帮助。 3.length　考查名词。句意:你选定想要的长度(篇幅),它就会生成一篇类似收据样式的短篇故事。根据语境可知,设空处表示故事的长度,故用名词length。 4.It　考查代词。It strikes/struck sb. that...意为“某人突然想到……”,It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处位于句首,首字母大写,故填It。句意:我突然意识到,我假装知道我不知道的事情,这是在欺骗自己。 5.swept　考查过去分词。句意:我知道这只狗必须完美无缺。它还得看起来像那么回事儿。这是戏剧,观众希望被这份魔力深深吸引。sweep away意为“使醉心;使专注”,这里为被动语态be swept away。故填过去分词swept。 6.delivery;to deliver　考查名词和不定式。句意:我经常利用外卖应用程序,只需花费我几美元,就能把食物直接送上我 19 楼的公寓,几乎总能在 30 分钟左右以内送达。第一空修饰其后的名词apps,作定语,表示功能,应用名词delivery构成名词短语“food delivery apps”,表示“外卖应用程序”;第二空位于that引导的定语从句中,设空处作目的状语,应用不定式 to deliver。 7.that　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前的all为空后的saw and heard的宾语,故推测设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作宾语,先行词为all,故关系词用that。句意:杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。 8.whose;to return　句意:正是在这个他永远都不会忘记名字的学校里,他赢得了关于军队和志愿工作者如何共同努力使地震灾区恢复正常的演讲比赛。本句是强调句型“It was...that...”,第一空引导限制性定语从句,先行词school与定语从句中的name有所属关系,作定语,故第一空填whose;make efforts to do sth.意为“努力做某事”,故第二空填to return。 Ⅲ.1.spared no effort to give　2.was visiting;when I noticed　3.it seems as if it were broken 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.powerful　考查形容词。根据设空处前面的the most和后面的名词earthquake可知此处应用形容词,power是名词,其形容词形式是powerful,意为“强有力的”。故填powerful。 2.countries　考查名词复数。由空前的several(几个)可知此处应用名词复数形式。故填countries。 3.which/that　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词earthquake,后面部分缺主语(设空处后面为谓语动词reached),且结合语境可知这里应表达“the undersea earthquake reached a magnitude of 9.0”,故设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,修饰指物的名词,故填关系代词which或that。 4.causing　考查动词-ing形式。设空处所在句已有谓语occurred,所以设空处用非谓语动词形式;设空处指海底地震“造成”的结果,The undersea earthquake与cause之间为主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式作结果状语。 5.at　考查介词。 stand at表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。此处指死亡人数达到2,498。故填at。 6.is expected　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;the number of deaths和expect(预计)之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;结合前面的“are still missing”可知此处应用一般现在时,故填is expected。句意:仍有数千人失踪,死亡人数预计在接下来的几天还会增加。 7.higher　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知这里应用形容词比较级。even修饰比较级,用以加强比较。故填higher。 8.Though/Although/While　考查连词。设空处所在句中间有逗号,逗号前后两部分都有主语,逗号前面表示“正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外国援助”,后面表示“危险的环境和被破坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难”,故推测设空处应用though、although或while引导让步状语从句。注意首字母大写。 9.damaged　考查过去分词。dangerous conditions and 　9　 roads是主句主语,roads是名词,缺少修饰成分,roads与damage之间为被动关系,故填过去分词damaged作定语。   10.to deliver　考查不定式。make it difficult to do sth.为固定结构,意为“使做某事很困难”,it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语。故填to deliver。 Ⅱ. 1.a　考查冠词。设空处修饰其后的可数名词单数team,表示“一个……团队”,为泛指,需用不定冠词,且空后修饰名词的形容词joint是以辅音音素开头的词,所以用不定冠词a。句意:由中国、美国和德国联合团队开发的全球人工智能气象预警系统于2025年3月15日正式投入使用。 2.application　考查名词。设空处构成“The...of...”结构,作句子的主语,所以设空处用名词形式。故填application。句意:该系统的实际应用给地方气象工作带来了立竿见影的变化。 3.obviously　考查副词。设空处修饰动词cut,作状语,意为“明显地”,用副词形式。故填obviously。 4.confused　考查形容词。主语they指代人,设空处作表语,意为“感到困惑的”,用-ed结尾的形容词。故填confused。 5.which　考查定语从句。句意:该系统的核心技术将实时卫星观测与深度学习相结合,耗时五年才完善。本句主干是The system's core technology...combines real-time satellite observations with deep learning,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为“core technology”,指物。故填which。 6.adventurous　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词tests,作定语,应用形容词。故填adventurous,意为“惊险的”。 7.is admired　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:如今,该系统受到全球救灾组织的推崇。设空处为句子的谓语,根据句中介词短语by...以及空处动词与主语的逻辑关系可知,应用被动语态,结合时间状语Today可知,用一般现在时,主语system是单数。故填is admired。 8.for/in　考查介词。句意:联合国已经将其用于它的全球灾害响应网络,帮助协调对危险地区的援助。这里表示“把……用于……”或“把……用在……中”,应用“use...for...”或“use...in...”。故填for/in。 9.to improve　考查不定式。句意:开发人员还计划进行更新,以提高其在极地的性能,那里的天气变化通常更加难以预测。设空处表目的,所以用不定式。故填to improve。 10.graduates　考查名词复数。句意:为了继续推进这项技术,科技公司和研究机构正在欢迎具有人工智能和大气科学专业知识的大学毕业生。名词graduate意为“大学毕业生”,结合语境可知,毕业生不止一个,所以用复数形式。故填graduates。 Ⅲ.◎ 1.C　推理判断题。该题题干与第一段中的“Have you ever wondered what causes them?”意思一致,该句后面的内容“They happen because of the movement of the Earth's crustal plates...”解释了地震发生的原因, 即地壳板块运动→相互挤压摩擦→岩石积累压力→岩石断裂释放能量,能量以地震波的形式传递→引起地面剧烈震动,形成地震。所以地震发生的原因是地壳板块运动造成岩石断裂。故选 C。 2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“For example, when you feel the ground shaking, quickly find a strong piece of furniture—like a chair, a bed, or a desk, shelter under it, or curl up close by a sofa or a closet.”可知,地震期间我们可以蜷缩在椅子下面。故选C。 3.B　细节理解题。题干中的“is the key to reducing deaths and damage”对应第三段中的“is key to saving lives and reducing damage”,由此定位到第三段。分析选项可知,B项中的“Timely action”对应文中的“acting fast”,“cooperation at home and abroad”对应文中的“Governments, international organizations, and local communities need to work together”,故选B。 4.A　主旨大意题。 根据文章结构可知,本文涵盖地震的多方面内容,A项“地震风险:危险与响应”全面涵盖文章四方面的核心内容,符合文章主旨。故选A。 Ⅳ. 1.D　空前一句指出,闪电是不容小觑的事物,空后则转折说明有办法在雷雨天气中保证自身安全。D项“事实上,闪电十分危险,且可能毫无征兆地袭来”承接前文,对闪电的危险性进行强调,同时自然引出后文的避险技巧,符合语境。故选 D。 2.G　本段主旨是“尽快进入室内”。空前一句提到待在车里也比待在户外安全。G项“它的金属外壳会将闪电分散到你周围并导入地面”解释了汽车能避险的原理,其中的it指代前文的“a car”。故选G。 3.C　本段主旨是“身体压低,贴近地面”,空前一句强调要避免让自己成为雷雨中周围环境里最高的事物。C项“如果你正在山上徒步,要向下走而非向上爬”是符合“贴近地面”原则的具体行动建议,符合语境。故选 C。 4.A　根据文章结构及其他段落主旨句的位置可推知,设空处是本段的主旨句。后文具体说明雷雨天气不能用水的原因——水是电的导体,电可以通过水进入室内。A项“避免使用自来水”精准概括了本段核心内容,符合语境。故选A。 5.F　本段主旨是“不要忽视雷声”。前文指出能听到雷声就有被闪电击中的风险,闪电甚至能击中雷雨中心10—15英里外的地方,有些闪电甚至会击中尚未降雨的区域。F项“即便雷雨看似已经过去,闪电仍有可能发生”进一步补充了闪电的潜在危险,延续前文的风险提示逻辑,符合语境。故选F。 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $