Unit 5 Section A Grammar Focus 教学设计2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语教学设计聚焦What和How引导的感叹句语法要点，通过鲜花、蛋糕、凌乱房间图片创设情境，引导学生自然表达后汇总对比，引出感叹句定义及新词汇“mess”，搭建从语境感知到规则学习的支架。 此资料以归纳探究法让学生自主发现语法规则，结合3a观察、3b对话补全、3c句型转换任务及“解题口诀”强化认知，培养学习能力与思维品质。真实情境（如重逢惊喜、美食评价）运用感叹句提升语言能力和文化意识，助力教师高效教学，学生灵活掌握语法并自然表达情感。

Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! Section A Grammar Focus 教案 —— 语法课：What和How引导的感叹句（人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年） 课题 Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c) 学科 英语 年级 八年级 教材版本 人教版（2024） 课时 第 3 课时 课型 语法课 教学方法 归纳探究法、情境教学法、任务型教学法、交际教学法 教学用具 多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔 教学目标 ①语言能力：能识别What和How引导的感叹句，理解感叹句表达强烈情感的语用功能；能正确运用What + a/an + adj. + n. + (主语+谓语)! 和 How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语! 两种结构造句；能在3a、3b、3c练习中准确完成感叹句的判断、补全和转换任务。②学习能力：通过观察例句归纳感叹句的构成规则，掌握“去主谓、定末尾；名词what，形副how”的解题技巧，培养自主归纳和合作探究的学习策略。③思维品质：通过对比What和How两种感叹句结构，培养分析与比较的逻辑思维；通过感叹句的相互转换训练逆向思维。④文化意识：在真实情境（美食评价、风景赞叹、重逢惊喜等）中运用感叹句，体会英语中表达强烈情感的习惯方式，增强跨文化交际意识。 教学重难点 重点：掌握What感叹句结构（What + a/an + adj. + n. + 主语+谓语!）和How感叹句结构（How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语!）；能在3a中通过观察例句发现两种结构的差异，在3b中完成对话补全，在3c中完成句型转换。本课新词汇1个：mess。难点：准确判断使用What还是How（核心方法：找名词用What，找形容词/副词用How）；可数名词单数前a/an的正确使用；What与How感叹句的相互转换（如What a beautiful flower it is! ↔ How beautiful the flower is!）；在真实语境中自然运用感叹句表达情感。 一、教学过程 Step 1 Warm-up（情景导入）（3~5 min） 【教师活动】T: Good morning, class! Today we are going to learn something very interesting in Grammar Focus. Before we start, let me show you some pictures. Look at this first one — what do you think of these flowers? 鲜花图片，引导学生用感叹句表达赞美 【学生活动】Ss: Wow! They are so beautiful! / They are really pretty! 【教师活动】T: Yes, they are very beautiful. But can you say it in a stronger way — a way that shows your surprise and admiration? Like this: How beautiful they are! 【学生活动】Ss: How beautiful they are! 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Now look at this next picture. What a delicious cake! Mmm, it looks so good. 蛋糕图片，展示How感叹句 【学生活动】Ss: How delicious the cake looks! / The cake looks delicious! 【教师活动】T: Great! You're using exclamatory sentences naturally. Now look at this room. Oh no, what happened here? 凌乱的房间图片，引出新词汇mess 【学生活动】Ss: It is a mess! / The room is so messy! 【教师活动】T: Right! It is a mess. Here 'mess' is a new word for you. Mess (n.) means 脏乱、凌乱. So we can say: What a mess! Now, let's look at all three sentences together. 三个感叹句汇总对比：How beautiful they are! / How delicious the cake looks! / What a mess! 【学生活动】Ss: How beautiful they are! / How delicious the cake looks! / What a mess! 【教师活动】T: Do you know what kind of sentences these are? They are called exclamatory sentences — 感叹句. We use them to express strong feelings like surprise, admiration, or excitement. 【知识点】感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：用于表达强烈情感的句子，常见引导词为What和How。本课核心例句：How beautiful they are!（赞美花朵）/ How delicious the cake looks!（赞美蛋糕）/ What a mess!（感叹房间凌乱）。新词汇：mess (n.) 脏乱、凌乱。 【理解要点】感叹句的语用功能 感叹句用于表达惊喜、赞叹、惋惜等强烈情感，在日常口语中使用频率极高。英语中感叹句的标志是句末感叹号“!”，常见引导词为What和How两种。注意：感叹句朗读时语调通常为降调，表达确定和强烈的情感。 【过渡语】通过三幅图片，同学们已经自然地说出了感叹句。接下来我们进入3a环节，系统学习What和How感叹句的构成规则。 Step 2 Presentation（3a 语法发现）（15~20 min） 一、3a 观察例句，发现规律 【教师活动】T: Now open your books to Activity 3a. Read the sentences in the table carefully. Look at how each exclamatory sentence is formed. Discuss with your partner: What do What-exclamations and How-exclamations have in common? What is different between them? 3a 感叹句例句表格，对比What和How的结构差异 【学生活动】Ss: We can see that 'What' sentences start with What + a/an + adjective + noun, while 'How' sentences start with How + adjective/adverb! 【教师活动】T: Very good observation! Let me show you the rules one by one. 二、What引导的感叹句结构 【教师活动】T: First, let's look at What-exclamations. The structure is: What + a/an + adj. + n. + (主语+谓语)!. The key word here is the noun — 名词是核心。Let's look at some examples. What感叹句结构规则及例句 【学生活动】Ss: What an amazing smell (it is)! / What a mess (it is)! / What luck (we have)! 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Notice something important: when the noun is a countable singular noun, we use 'a' or 'an'. For example, What an amazing smell — 'smell' is a singular noun, and 'amazing' starts with a vowel sound, so we use 'an'. But for uncountable nouns or plural nouns, we don't use a/an. For example, What luck — 'luck' is uncountable, no article needed. 【学生活动】Ss: So: What a mess — 'mess' is countable singular, use 'a'. What luck — 'luck' is uncountable, no article. 【知识点】What感叹句结构：What + a/an + adj. + n. + (主语+谓语)! 核心在于名词。例句：What an amazing smell (it is)! / What a mess (it is)! / What luck (we have)! 规则：可数名词单数前用a或an（以元音音素开头用an，如an amazing smell）；不可数名词或复数名词前不用a/an。 【易错提示】a/an的判断规则 当What后面的名词是可数单数时，必须用a或an。判断用a还是an，看形容词（adj.）的首字母发音，而不是名词的首字母。如：What an amazing smell（amazing以元音音素/e/开头，用an）/ What a beautiful flower（beautiful以辅音音素/b/开头，用a）。不可数名词和复数名词前不需要a/an，如What luck! / What beautiful flowers! 三、How引导的感叹句结构 【教师活动】T: Now let's look at How-exclamations. The structure is: How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语!. The key word here is the adjective or adverb — 形容词/副词是核心. Let's see some examples. How感叹句结构规则及例句 【学生活动】Ss: How delicious the dish looks! / How clever you are! / How wonderful life is! / How hard Mike works! 【教师活动】T: Perfect! Now here's something very interesting — What-exclamations and How-exclamations can usually be converted into each other without changing the meaning. For example: What a beautiful flower it is! can become How beautiful the flower is! The meaning stays the same. 【知识点】How感叹句结构：How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语! 核心在于形容词或副词。例句：How delicious the dish looks! / How clever you are! / How wonderful life is! / How hard Mike works! What和How引导的感叹句一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：What a beautiful flower it is! ↔ How beautiful the flower is! 【重点强调】What与How的相互转换方法 What和How感叹句的转换规则：①找主语和谓语（可省略）；②将形容词/副词提前到How后面，或保留名词用What；③注意a/an只出现在What结构中。例如：What a clever boy he is! → How clever the boy is! 注意转换时名词前通常需要加the，因为a/an已经在What结构中使用过了。 四、3a 拓展练习 判断What还是How 【教师活动】T: Now let's do some practice. Complete the following exclamatory sentences with 'what' or 'how'. You have 10 sentences. Think carefully before you answer. 感叹句填空练习（10题） 【学生活动】Ss: (学生独立完成10道填空题，根据句子结构判断使用what还是how) 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers together. Remember this useful tip — let me teach you a rhyme to help you remember. 【解题口诀】What/How判断口诀 去主谓，定末尾；名词what，形副how；a、an出现要注意；形名相连用what；形名相隔要用how。 详解：①去掉主语和谓语后，看句子末尾的核心词；②末尾是名词就用What，末尾是形容词或副词就用How；③如果句中有a/an出现，一定是What结构；④形容词和名词紧挨着（如a beautiful flower），用What；⑤形容词和名词被主语隔开（如beautiful the flower is），用How。 【过渡语】通过3a的观察与练习，同学们已经掌握了What和How两种感叹句的构成规则和解题口诀。接下来进入3b，在对话语境中运用感叹句。 Step 3 Practice（3b 对话补全 + 3c 句型转换）（15~20 min） 一、3b 解题技巧指导 【教师活动】T: Now let's move to Activity 3b. Before we start, let me give you some tips for completing conversations. The three key steps are: read the context (读语境), look at the options (看选项), and combine with the pictures (结合图片). 3b 解题技巧：读语境、看选项、结合图片 【学生活动】Ss: So we need to understand the whole conversation first, then choose the best sentence from the options to fill in the blanks. 二、3b Dialogue 1（蛋糕场景） 【教师活动】T: Let's look at the first conversation. Look at the picture — a lovely cake. Read the conversation and choose the correct options from A to G to complete it. 对话一：蛋糕场景，补全感叹句对话 【学生活动】Ss: (学生阅读对话，根据语境和图片选择最佳选项) 【教师活动】T: Let's check. A says: What a lovely cake! Did you make it? B answers: Yes. I made it for you. Then A responds: Oh, how kind of you! Thank you so much. This conversation shows how we use exclamatory sentences to express surprise and gratitude in daily life. 【学生活动】Ss: What a lovely cake! — this is a What-exclamation because 'cake' is a singular countable noun. How kind of you! — this is a How-exclamation because 'kind' is an adjective. 【知识点】3b Dialogue 1 核心考点：What a lovely cake!（What + a + adj. + 单数名词，感叹蛋糕可爱）/ How kind of you!（How + adj. + 主语+谓语，感叹对方的善意）。语境为送礼感谢场景，感叹句用于表达惊喜和感激。 三、3b Dialogue 2（重逢场景） 【教师活动】T: Now the second conversation. Two old friends meet each other unexpectedly — what a surprise! Read the dialogue and fill in the blanks. 对话二：重逢场景，使用感叹句表达惊喜 【学生活动】Ss: (学生阅读并完成对话补全：How nice to see you! / What a surprise! 等) 【教师活动】T: Great! In this dialogue, A says: John? What a surprise! And B responds: Mary? What a surprise! I didn't think you could come. This is a very natural way to express surprise when you meet someone unexpectedly. Also notice: How nice to see you! — this is a How-exclamation with an adjective 'nice'. 【学生活动】Ss: What a surprise! is a What-exclamation — 'surprise' is a singular countable noun. How nice to see you! is a How-exclamation — 'nice' is an adjective. 【知识点】3b Dialogue 2 核心考点：What a surprise!（感叹意外重逢）/ How nice to see you!（感叹重逢的喜悦）。注意What a surprise中surprise在此处作可数名词（一件令人惊讶的事），而I didn't think you could come表达原来以为对方不能来，用过去时。 四、3b Dialogue 3（升学场景） 【教师活动】T: Let's look at the third situation. Sue got into her dream university! This is wonderful news. How should we respond? Look at the sentence: How time flies! 对话三：升学场景，How time flies! 【教师活动】T: How time flies! means 时间过得真快！Note that in this sentence, the adverb 'fast' is omitted — the complete sentence would be How fast time flies! But in daily English, we often shorten it to How time flies! 【学生活动】Ss: So 'How time flies!' is a shortened form. The full version is 'How fast time flies!' — 'fast' is an adverb that describes how time flies. 【知识拓展】感叹句中的省略现象 How time flies! 是省略了副词fast的感叹句，完整形式为How fast time flies! 类似的省略现象在英语感叹句中很常见。此外，感叹句中的主语和谓语也经常被省略，如What a mess! 完整形式为What a mess it is! 省略后更简洁自然，适合口语表达。 五、3b Dialogue 4（划船场景） 【教师活动】T: Now the last conversation in 3b. Look at the picture — two friends are talking about going boating. Choose the correct options to complete the conversation. 对话四：划船场景，补全感叹句对话 【学生活动】Ss: (学生完成对话：What a beautiful day! / What a great idea! 等) 【教师活动】T: Excellent! D: What a beautiful day! — What + a + adj. + singular noun (day). F: What a great idea! — What + a + adj. + singular noun (idea). Both are What-exclamations used to express enthusiasm about the weather and the plan. 【学生活动】Ss: Both sentences use 'What' because the key nouns are 'day' and 'idea' — both are countable singular nouns. 【知识点】3b Dialogue 4 核心考点：What a beautiful day!（感叹天气美好）/ What a great idea!（赞美建议）。两个感叹句均为What结构，核心名词分别是day（一天，可数单数）和idea（主意，可数单数），均使用a。 【过渡语】3b的四组对话已经完成。同学们在真实语境中练习了感叹句的运用。接下来进入3c，进行感叹句的句型转换专项训练。 六、3c 解题技巧指导 【教师活动】T: Now Activity 3c. In this part, you need to change sentences into exclamatory sentences. The key skill is: find the core word — if it's a noun, use What; if it's an adjective or adverb, use How. 3c 解题技巧：找核心词——名词用what，形/副用how 七、3c 句型转换练习（6题） 【教师活动】T: Let's do the six sentences together. Sentence 1: It's a pretty hat. Change it into an exclamatory sentence with 'what'. 3c 六道感叹句转换练习 【学生活动】Ss: What a pretty hat (it is)! — The core noun is 'hat', a countable singular noun, so we use What + a. 【教师活动】T: Correct! Sentence 2: The weather is terrible. Change it into an exclamatory sentence with 'how'. 【学生活动】Ss: How terrible the weather is! — The core word is 'terrible', an adjective, so we use How. 【教师活动】T: Good! Sentence 3: The Christmas tree looks fantastic. Use 'how'. 【学生活动】Ss: How fantastic the Christmas tree looks! — 'fantastic' is an adjective, so we use How. Don't forget to put the subject 'the Christmas tree' and the verb 'looks' after the adjective. 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Sentence 4: It was an interesting film. Use 'what'. 【学生活动】Ss: What an interesting film (it was)! — 'film' is a countable singular noun, 'interesting' starts with a vowel sound, so we use 'an'. 【教师活动】T: Perfect! Sentence 5: Emma sings very well. Use 'how'. 【学生活动】Ss: How well Emma sings! — 'well' is an adverb, so we use How. The subject is 'Emma' and the verb is 'sings'. 【教师活动】T: Great! Last one, Sentence 6: The pancake tastes delicious. Use 'how'. 【学生活动】Ss: How delicious the pancake tastes! — 'delicious' is an adjective, so we use How. 【判断技巧】3c转换核心方法 做句型转换题时，按以下步骤操作：①确定题目要求用What还是How；②找到原句中的名词或形容词/副词作为核心词；③如果是What句型，将a/an + adj. + n.提前；④如果是How句型，将adj./adv.提前；⑤主语和谓语放在后面，可用括号括起来表示可省略。特别注意：原句中有冠词a/an时，要带到感叹句中（What an interesting film!）。 【知识点】3c全部答案汇总：1. What a pretty hat (it is)!（What + a + pretty + hat）2. How terrible the weather is!（How + terrible + the weather + is）3. How fantastic the Christmas tree looks!（How + fantastic + the Christmas tree + looks）4. What an interesting film (it was)!（What + an + interesting + film，interesting以元音音素开头用an）5. How well Emma sings!（How + well + Emma + sings，well是副词）6. How delicious the pancake tastes!（How + delicious + the pancake + tastes，delicious是形容词） 【过渡语】3b和3c的练习全部完成。同学们已经在语境中运用了感叹句，也掌握了句型转换的方法。接下来进入输出环节，进行角色扮演和情景造句。 Step 4 Production（角色扮演 + 情景造句大比拼）（5~8 min） 一、Role-play 角色扮演 【教师活动】T: Now it's time for role-play! Work with your partner. Practice the four conversations from 3b. One of you is Person A, and the other is Person B. Try to use the correct intonation — remember, exclamatory sentences usually go down at the end! You have 3 minutes to practice, then I will invite some pairs to perform. 角色扮演活动说明：两人一组练习3b四组对话 【学生活动】Ss: (学生两人一组分角色朗读3b的四组对话，注意感叹句的语音语调——用降调表达确定的强烈情感) 【教师活动】T: Let's invite Pair 1 to perform Dialogue 1. Remember to use enthusiastic intonation for the exclamatory sentences! 【学生活动】Ss: (表演组展示)A: What a lovely cake! Did you make it? B: Yes. I made it for you. A: Oh, how kind of you! Thank you so much. 【教师活动】T: Wonderful! Your intonation was great — I could really feel the surprise and gratitude. Now Pair 2, please perform Dialogue 2. 【学生活动】Ss: (表演组展示)A: John? What a surprise! B: Mary? What a surprise! I didn't think you could come. 二、当堂检测 情景造句大比拼 【教师活动】T: Now let's have a fun competition — 情景造句大比拼! I will show you some pictures. For each picture, you need to make TWO exclamatory sentences — one with 'What' and one with 'How'. Let's see who can make the best sentences! 情景造句大比拼：看图用What和How造感叹句 【学生活动】Ss: (学生根据图片场景，尝试分别用What和How各造一个感叹句) 【教师活动】T: Very creative! Let's see some examples. For the sunset picture: What a beautiful sunset it is! / How beautiful the sunset is! For the cute kitten: What a lovely cat! / How lovely the cat is! For the big meal: What delicious food! / How delicious the food looks! 更多情景造句练习 【重点强调】角色扮演和情景造句的评价要点 评价学生输出时应关注以下几点：①感叹句结构是否正确（What还是How的选择是否准确）；②a/an的使用是否正确（可数单数名词前有无a/an，元音/辅音音素开头是否判断正确）；③主语和谓语是否正确（主谓是否一致）；④语音语调是否恰当（感叹句用降调）；⑤情感表达是否自然（是否真正传达了惊讶、赞叹等强烈情感）。 【过渡语】角色扮演和情景造句都完成得很好！同学们已经能够在真实情境中灵活运用感叹句了。接下来进行课堂总结和作业布置。 Step 5 Summary & Homework（课堂总结与作业布置）（2~3 min） 一、课堂总结 【教师活动】T: Let's summarize what we learned today. We learned two types of exclamatory sentences. What-exclamations: What + a/an + adj. + n. + (主语+谓语)! The core is the noun. How-exclamations: How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语! The core is the adjective or adverb. We also learned that What and How exclamations can be converted into each other. 课堂总结表格：What与How感叹句结构对比 【学生活动】Ss: Key structures: What + a/an + adj. + n.! / How + adj./adv. + S + V! / 解题口诀：去主谓，定末尾；名词what，形副how！ 【教师活动】T: We practiced in three activities: 3a — discovering the rules, 3b — completing conversations, 3c — sentence transformation. You all did a great job today! 【知识点】课堂总结：①What感叹句结构：What + a/an + adj. + n. + (S+V)!，核心是名词；②How感叹句结构：How + adj./adv. + S + V!，核心是形容词/副词；③可数单数名词前用a/an，不可数/复数名词前不用；④What和How可相互转换；⑤解题口诀：去主谓，定末尾；名词what，形副how；a、an出现要注意；形名相连用what；形名相隔要用how；⑥新词汇：mess (n.) 脏乱、凌乱。 二、作业布置 【教师活动】T: For homework, please do the following: Choose 3 scenes from your daily life (for example: a beautiful sunset, a delicious dinner, a surprise gift, a messy room, etc.). For each scene, make TWO exclamatory sentences — one with 'What' and one with 'How'. That means 6 sentences in total. Write them down in your exercise book and bring them to the next class. 作业布置：选择3个场景，分别用What和How造感叹句，共6句 【学生活动】Ss: (学生记录作业要求：选3个日常场景，每个场景用What和How各造一个感叹句，共6句) 【教师活动】T: That's all for today. You did a wonderful job learning exclamatory sentences! Practice using What and How in your daily life — when you see something beautiful, when you taste something delicious, or when something surprises you. See you next class! 二、板书设计（三栏式） What感叹句 How感叹句 核心对比与转换 结构： What + a/an + adj. + n. + (S+V)! 核心：名词 例句： What an amazing smell (it is)! What a mess (it is)! What luck (we have)! 注意： 可数单数用a/an 不可数/复数不用a/an 结构： How + adj./adv. + S + V! 核心：形容词/副词 例句： How delicious the dish looks! How clever you are! How wonderful life is! How hard Mike works! 注意： S+V不能省略（正式） 口语可省略 解题口诀： 去主谓，定末尾 名词what，形副how a、an出现要注意 形名相连用what 形名相隔要用how 转换示例： What a beautiful flower it is! ↔ How beautiful the flower is! 新词汇： mess (n.) 脏乱；凌乱 3b答案： D1: What a lovely cake! How kind of you! D2: What a surprise! How nice to see you! D3: How time flies! D4: What a beautiful day! What a great idea! 3c答案： 1. What a pretty hat (it is)! 2. How terrible the weather is! 3. How fantastic the Christmas tree looks! 4. What an interesting film (it was)! 5. How well Emma sings! 6. How delicious the pancake tastes! 易错点提醒： ① an amazing smell（元音用an） ② What luck!（不可数不用a） ③ How time flies!（省略fast） ④ What an interesting film! （interesting用an） ⑤ How well Emma sings! （well是副词） ⑥ 转换时名词前加the Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! Section A Grammar Focus (3a~3c) 语法课 — What和How引导的感叹句 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $