暑初升高衔接课 定语从句导学案-2026-2027学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

定语从句 【要点读记】 关系代词 先行词 从句中成分 例句 that 人/物 主语/宾语/表语 The watch that my father bought was made in Shanghai. which 物 主语/宾语 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. who 人 主语/宾语 The person who broke the window must pay for it. whom 人 宾语 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ whose 人/物 定语 The girl whose mother is ill will stay at home today. The classroom whose window is open is mine. as 人/物 主语/宾语/表语 He is such a man as is always ready to help others. He won first prize, as was expected. 关系副词 先行词 从句中成分 例句 when 时间 时间状语=on/in... which I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. where 地点 地点状语=on/in... which The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. why 原因reason 原因状语=for which I don't know the reason why he didn't come. 一、定义 1.定语从句：跟在一个名词或者代词后面，对其进行修饰的句子。它的作用就相当于一个形容词。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句2）代替先行词3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  　　　　　　　先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾人们身体健康的人。 二、关系代词的用法 ①that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which, 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可省略，但不能作介词宾语。 ②which指物, 在从句中作主语或谓语动词及介词的宾语。 ③who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 ④whom指人，在从句中作宾语,介词后只能用whom作宾语。 ⑤whose在从句中作定语，指人的=of whom；指物的=of which。 ⑥as在从句做主语、宾语或表语, 可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 注意：whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略。但介词后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that; as做宾语时一般不省略。 三、关系副词的用法 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 时间状语：“介词+which”= when (2) why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是表示原因的reason一词。 原因状语：“介词+which”= why (3) where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。 地点状语：“介词+which”= where 注意：介词选择时的注意事项 （1） 介词与先行词的习惯搭配。 There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth. (in与way是习惯搭配) （2）介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配。 The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company. (be familiar with习惯搭配） 【易混易错】 1.只能用that引导的定语从句 ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如: Tom told his mother all that had happened. ②当先行词前面有the only,the very, the last, any, every, no, all, few, little, much等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find. ③当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级,或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read. ④当先行词既有人又有物时。如：  I can remember the persons and places that you told me. 小口诀 ⑤当主句是以疑问词which/who开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best? 2.只能用which引导的定语从句 ①在引导非限制性定语从句时,指代物时关系代词只能用which。如: The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. ②介词后指代物时关系代词只能用which。如: We depend on the land from which we get our food. ③当有两个并列的定语从句时，其中前一个从句的关系代词用that，后一个宜用which： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 3.关系副词where的特殊用法 Where引导的定语从句的先行词为地点名词，除了school、library等具体的地点名词，还有一些如point和case等表示抽象意义的词，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 常见的抽象地点名：atmosphere, case, condition, position, point, situation, scene, stage. 4.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1.从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，省略则主句意思不完整 1.从句只是对主句的附加说明，省略主句意思不受影响 2.主句与从句中间不用逗号隔开 2.主句与从句中间用逗号隔开 3.关系代词(that/which/whom)作宾语时可以省略 3.关系代词做宾语时不能省略，不能用that引导 4.从句只修饰主语中的名词或代词 4.从句可修饰主句中的一部分或整个主句 5.一般翻译成"...的" eg:My sister who lives in Beijing is a taxi driver.(暗示不止一个姐姐) 5.翻译成并列句(and...)或表原因、目的的状语从句 eg:My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a taxi driver.（暗示可能只有一个姐姐） 注意：非限制性定语从句中关系代词不论指人还是指物，一律不能用that。 5. as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 1）位置的不同 ①which 引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后。 如：He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. ②as引导的定语从句位置较灵活，可置于所限制的句子前面，插在句子中或放在句子后。 如：Jack, as you know, is an honest man. Jack is an honest man , as you know. As you know, Jack is an honest man. 2）先行词的不同 ①which 引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。 It was a prize, which his brother valued. （先行词是一个词） 如：He was proud, which I dislike very much. ②as 引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子； 如：He is an honest man, as is known to all. 3）意思不同 ①which 翻译成 “这一点” He won the first prize, which delighted him. ②as一般译为 “正如” “就像” As is known to everybody , smoking is harmful to one's health. 4）as在定语从句中的固定搭配 the same...as ; such/so...as; as ... as 和....一样 As we know， As is known to us， It is known to us that What is known to us is that 众所周知 as is reported 正如所报道的 as we have seen 正如我们已经看到的 as is shown in the report 正如报道中所展示的 as is often the case 情况往往如此 as was expected 正如所预料的 as is mentioned above 正如以上所提到的 as has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样 6.定语从句中的主谓一致 （1）当定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词须与先行词在数等方面保持一致。 The girl who is dancing is my sister. （2）“one of＋复数名词”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词通常用复数，但one前有the，the only，the very，the right 或 just the等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. He is the only one of the students who was praised at the meeting. 【要点专练】 1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man ____ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which C. whatever D. all 17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter ____came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one 20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago. A. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise. A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 31. I live in the house ____ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. in that 32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during that 34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League. A. when B. that C. at which D. where 36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month. A. that B. what C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 38. ____ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ. A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind? A. why B. which C. for that D. of which 42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough. A. which B. what C. it D. that 43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed 44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 48. He is absent ____ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who D. as 49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city. A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 答案： 1~5 ABACD 6~10 CDCCA 11~15 CCADA 16~20 ACCAB 21~25 ABBDC 26~30 ADABD 31~35 BBCCA 36~40 CABCC 41~45 AADCD 46~50 BBDAB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $