Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识点讲义2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦八年级英语Unit 2“Home Sweet Home”核心知识点，系统梳理Section A/B核心词汇（含考点提示与用法详解）、词型转换与构词法规律、重点短语及辨析、核心句式（如请求许可句型、can’t wait to do等），并结合情态动词礼貌用语、现在进行时表将来、形式主语it用法等语法点，构建从词汇到语法的递进式学习支架。 资料以课文原句为依托，通过“考点提示+即学即练”强化语言能力，借助词汇辨析（如borrow与lend）、句式对比（如remember to do与doing）培养思维品质，分层巩固练习（基础/能力/挑战）助力学习能力提升。课中辅助教师精准授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，实现学练结合。

2025新人教版八年级英语上册 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识点讲义 一、核心词汇精讲 1.1 Section A 核心词汇一览表 英文 词性 中文释义 考点提示 pack v. 打包；收拾 pack up 收拾行李；为旅行整理物品 bathroom n. 浴室；洗手间 构词法：bath + room sort v./n. 把……分类；整理/种类 sort...into... 把……分类成；all sorts of 各种各样的 bedroom n. 卧室 构词法：bed + room balcony n. 阳台 家庭住房结构词汇 invite v. 邀请 invite sb. to do sth. / invite sb. to + 地点 arrival n. 到达 名词形式，派生自arrive yet adv./conj. 但是/还；已经 用于否定句/疑问句；作连词表转折 add v. 添加；加 add...to... 把……加入…… borrow v. 借；借入 borrow...from... 从……借入；与lend辨析 plan v./n. 计划；打算 plan to do sth. / make a plan sweep v. 扫；打扫 sweep the floor 扫地；过去式swept feed v. 喂养；饲养 feed the fish 喂鱼；过去式fed hang v. 悬挂；挂起 hang up 挂起/挂断电话；过去式hung water v./n. 给植物浇水/水 water the plants 给植物浇水 lift v./n. 举起；抬起/电梯；搭便车 give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 treasure n./v. 金银财宝；财富/珍视 treasure hunt 寻宝游戏 hunt v./n. 打猎；搜寻 hunt for 寻找；hunter n. 猎人 1.2 Section B 核心词汇一览表 英文 词性 中文释义 考点提示 smell v./n. 闻；散发气味/气味；嗅觉 感官动词，后接形容词作表语 joy n. 欢乐；快乐；喜悦 joyful adj. 高兴的 apartment n. 公寓；单元房 美式英语，英式英语为flat block n./v. 街区；大楼/堵塞；阻挡 journey n. 旅行；旅程 常指长途旅行 relative n. 亲属；亲戚 家庭关系词汇 snack n. 点心；小吃 与饮食相关 nod v. 点头 肢体语言词汇 familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的 be familiar to sb. 对某人来说熟悉 1.3 词汇详解 pack 的用法 课文原句： Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first. pack 作动词，意为“打包；收拾”。 · pack up = 收拾行李；打包 例：It‘s time to pack up and leave. 是时候收拾行李离开了。 · pack for = 为……打包 例：She is packing her suitcase for the business trip. 她正在为商务旅行收拾行李箱。 派生词： package n. 包裹；packer n. 包装工人 即学即练： Please pack the books into this box.（翻译句子） 答案： 请把这些书装进这个箱子里。 sort 的用法 课文原句： Can you sort your things into those boxes? sort 既可作动词（把……分类；整理），也可作名词（种类）。 常见搭配： 搭配 含义 例句 sort...into... 把……分类成…… She sorted the books into different categories. sort out 整理；挑出 I need to sort out my books. all sorts of 各种各样的 There are all sorts of fruits in the market. a sort of 一种；某种 It‘s a sort of traditional dish here. 即学即练： We saw ______ of flowers in the garden. A. sort　　B. a sort　　C. all sorts　　D. sorts of 答案： C（all sorts of 各种各样的） invite 的用法（重庆中考高频考点） 课文原句： Can I invite my friends to our new house? invite 作动词，意为“邀请”。 核心结构： 结构 含义 例句 invite sb. to + 地点 邀请某人去某地 I invited my friends to my birthday party. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 She invited me to attend her birthday party. invite sb. over 邀请某人过来 Let‘s invite them over for dinner. 词形转换： invite → invitation n. 邀请；invitee n. 受邀人；uninvited adj. 未被邀请的 即学即练： 1.Steve invited me ________ a movie about the Tibetan antelope with him last night. A. watch　　B. to watch　　C. watching　　D. watched 答案：B（invite sb. to do sth.） 2.—Why not ________ them ________ the party? —OK. That’s a good idea. A. invite; for　　B. invite; to　　C. inviting; for　　D. to invite; to 答案：B（Why not + 动词原形；invite sb. to + 地点） add 的用法 课文原句： Please add more things to their room. add 作动词，意为“添加；加”。 常见搭配： 搭配 含义 例句 add...to... 把……加入…… Add some sugar to the coffee. add up 把……加起来 Add up these numbers. add up to 总计达 The costs add up to $1,000. add to 增加；增添 The computer adds to our enjoyment. 派生词： addition n. 添加物；additional adj. 额外的 即学即练： Remember to add some sugar ______ the stewed apples. A. to　　B. on　　C. at　　D. for 答案：A（add...to... 固定搭配） borrow 的用法（与lend辨析） 课文原句： Can I borrow your chess set? borrow 作动词，意为“借；借入”，强调主语“借入”别人的东西。 核心辨析： 动词 含义 方向 搭配 borrow 借入 主语→从别人处拿 borrow sth. from sb. lend 借出 主语→给别人 lend sth. to sb. / lend sb. sth. 例句： I borrowed a book from the library.（我从图书馆借了一本书。） I can lend you my bike.（我可以把我的自行车借给你。） 即学即练： —Could I ________ your pen? —Sorry. I just ________ it to Mary. A. borrow; lent　　B. lend; borrow　　C. borrow; borrowed　　D. lend; lent 答案：A（第一空借入用borrow；第二空借出给Mary用lend） plan 的用法 课文原句： She needs to plan a treasure hunt. plan 既可作动词，也可作名词。 动词用法： · plan + 名词：She is planning a trip to Japan. · plan to do sth. 计划做某事：He plans to study abroad next year. 名词用法： · make a plan 制定计划：Let‘s make a plan to finish the work. · have a plan 有一个计划：I have a plan to improve my English. 过去式： planned（重读闭音节，双写尾字母+ed） 即学即练： We are ________ (plan) a trip to the mountains.（用适当形式填空） 答案：planning yet 的用法 课文原句： Well, it’s not “grandma clean” yet! yet 既可作副词，也可作连词。 副词用法（高频考点）： 用法 含义 例句 否定句 还；尚未（动作未发生） He hasn‘t come back yet. 疑问句 已经（询问是否发生） Has she arrived yet? 连词用法： · yet 表转折，意为“但是”，相当于but She studied hard, yet she failed the exam. 她学习很努力，然而还是考试不及格。 yet与already辨析： yet already 句式 否定句/疑问句 肯定句 位置 多放句末 助动词后、实义动词前 含义 还；已经 已经；早已 即学即练： —Have you finished all your homework ________? —Not ________, but I have finished my math homework ________. A. yet; yet; yet　　B. yet; yet; already　　C. already; yet; yet　　D. already; already; yet 答案：B hang 的用法 课文原句： Could you please help me hang up the photos? hang 作动词，有两个完全不同的意思，过去式形式也不同： 含义 过去式 例句 悬挂；挂起 hung Hang up your coat. 绞死；吊死 hanged The man was hanged for his crimes. 常用搭配： · hang up = 挂起（衣物）；挂断电话 She hung up the phone angrily. 她生气地挂断了电话。 · hang out = 闲逛；出去玩 Can I hang out with my friends after lunch? 即学即练： She hanged up her dress in the closet.（改错题） 答案： hanged → hung（“悬挂”的过去式应为hung） lift 的用法 课文原句： Could you please give me a lift to the shop this afternoon? lift 一词多性多义： 词性 含义 例句 n. 电梯 Let’s take the lift to the 15th floor. n. 搭便车 Could you give me a lift?（让我搭便车） v. 举起；抬起 He lifted the heavy box onto the shelf. smell 的用法（感官动词） 课文原句： Mm, the familiar taste of home!（与smell同属感官动词） smell 作感官动词（系动词）时，后接形容词作表语，不接副词。 The food smells good.（√） The food smells well.（×——修饰动词well才用，但这里需要系动词表语） 感官动词家族： 感官动词 含义 例句 look 看起来 She looks beautiful. sound 听起来 The music sounds great. smell 闻起来 The flowers smell sweet. taste 尝起来 The soup tastes delicious. feel 摸起来；感觉 The silk feels soft. 二、词型转换与构词法（高频考点） 2.1 词型转换一览表 原词 词性 转换后 词性 含义 pack v. package n. 包裹 sort v./n. sorted adj. 分类的 invite v. invitation n. 邀请；请柬 arrive v. arrival n. 到达 excite v. excited / exciting adj. 感到激动的/令人激动的 joy n. joyful adj. 高兴的 hunt v. hunter n. 猎人 clean v./adj. cleaner n. 清洁工 prepare v. preparation n. 准备 2.2 构词法规律总结 1. 合成词（复合名词）： · bathroom = bath + room（浴室） · bedroom = bed + room（卧室） · housework = house + work（家务劳动） 2. 动词 + -er 构成名词（表“从事……的人”）： · pack → packer（包装工人） · hunt → hunter（猎人） · clean → cleaner（清洁工） 3. 动词 + -al 构成名词： · arrive → arrival（到达） · refuse → refusal（拒绝） 三、重点短语精讲 3.1 Section A 核心短语 英文短语 中文释义 例句 pack up 打包；收拾 Pack up your things before we leave. pack for 为……打包 She is packing for her trip. sweep the floor 扫地 Could you please sweep the floor? clean the bathroom 打扫浴室 I’ll clean the bathroom. feed the fish 喂鱼 Don‘t forget to feed the fish. hang up photos 挂照片 Please help me hang up photos. water the plants 给植物浇水 I need to water the plants. sort...into... 把……分类成…… Sort your things into those boxes. clean up 打扫干净；整理 Help clean up first. hang out with 和……闲逛 Can I hang out with my friends? take care of 照顾 Can you take care of them every day? invite sb. to 邀请某人去…… I want to invite my friends to our new house. add...to... 把……加入…… Add more things to their room. borrow...from... 从……借…… I borrowed a book from the library. plan to do 计划做某事 We plan to go on a trip next month. give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 Could you give me a lift? be careful with 注意；当心 Be careful with the fragile vase. take notes 记笔记 It‘s important to take notes in class. 3.2 Section B 核心短语 英文短语 中文释义 例句 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 Please take out the rubbish. up and down 上上下下 Move your head up and down. in the same area 在同一地区 They live in the same area. take a shower 洗个澡 I need to take a shower. feel free to do sth. 随意做某事 Feel free to ask questions. give a hand 伸出援手 He always gives a hand. be excited to do 兴奋地做某事 I am excited to meet you. share...with... 把……与……分享 I shared the snacks with my cousin. no matter 不论；不管 No matter how long I‘m away. be busy doing 忙于做某事 My uncle was busy cooking dinner. set the table 摆餐具 Please set the table for dinner. make the bed 整理床铺 She makes the bed every morning. fold the clothes 叠衣服 I need to fold the clothes. do the dishes 洗碗 He does the dishes after dinner. 3.3 重要短语辨析 1. hang out vs. hang up 短语 含义 例句 hang out 闲逛；出去玩 Can I hang out with my friends? hang up 挂起；挂断电话 Please hang up your coat. 2. take care of vs. care about vs. care for 短语 含义 例句 take care of 照顾 Can you take care of the dog? care about 关心；在乎 A true friend cares about you. care for 照顾（=take care of）；喜欢 I don‘t care for spicy food. 3. in front of vs. in the front of 短语 含义 例句 in front of 在……前面（外部） There is a car in front of the house. in the front of 在……前部（内部） I sit in the front of the classroom. 四、核心句式精讲 4.1 核心交际句型 1. 请求许可（征求对方同意） 结构 用法 例句 Can I + 动词原形? 口语中最常用，语气随意 Can I hang out with my friends? Could I + 动词原形? 语气比can更委婉、客气 Could I use your phone? May I + 动词原形? 正式、礼貌，多用于陌生人 May I come in? 回答方式： · 肯定：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Yes, you can. · 否定：Sorry, but I have to... / Sorry, you can’t. / I‘m afraid not. 即学即练： —Could I use your computer? —Sorry, I ______ use it to finish my report. A. can　　B. may　　C. must　　D. have to 答案：D（have to表示客观需要） 2. 礼貌地请求别人做某事 结构 用法 例句 Could you please + 动词原形? 常用结构，语气礼貌 Could you please sweep the floor? Can you + 动词原形? 较随意，熟人之间 Can you sort your things? Would you like to + 动词原形? 委婉询问对方是否愿意 Would you like to help me? 回答方式： · 肯定：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I‘ll do it at once. · 否定：Sorry, but I have to... / I’d love to, but... 4.2 重点句式精讲 句式1：I can‘t wait to show them our new house! 课文原句： I can’t wait to show them our new house! 结构分析： · can‘t wait to do sth. = 迫不及待地做某事 The children can’t wait to open their presents. · show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. = 给某人看某物 She showed me her new dress. = She showed her new dress to me. 拓展表达： · can‘t help doing = 忍不住做某事 I can’t help laughing. 我忍不住笑了。 即学即练： The chicken smells good. I can‘t wait ______ it. A. have　　B. has　　C. eat　　D. to eat 答案：D（can’t wait to do sth.） 句式2：Could we keep some fish here? 课文原句： Could we keep some fish here? 结构分析： · keep + 宾语 + 形容词/介词短语 = 使……保持某种状态 Keep the room clean. 保持房间干净。 · keep doing sth. = 持续做某事 She kept talking during the movie. 她一直在说话。 keep的常见用法： 用法 结构 例句 饲养 keep + 动物 keep a pet dog 保留 keep + 物品 I want to keep this photo. 保持状态 keep + 宾语 + 形容词 Keep the room clean. 持续做 keep doing He kept running. 句式3：That‘s a lot of work. 课文原句： Well, Jim, that’s a lot of work. 辨析：work vs. job 单词 词性 含义 例句 work 不可数名词 工作（内容/活动） She has a lot of work to do. job 可数名词 工作（具体岗位） He got a new job as a teacher. 句式4：Remember to write “Jim‘s bedroom” on each box! 课文原句： Remember to write “Jim’s bedroom” on each box! 结构分析： · remember to do = 记得去做某事（动作还未做） · remember doing = 记得做过某事（动作已做过） 对比： 结构 含义 例句 remember to do 记得去做（还没做） Remember to take out the trash. remember doing 记得做过（已做） I remember writing his name yesterday. 类似用法的动词： forget, stop, try 句式5：Would you like to mop the floor or clean the windows? 课文原句： Would you like to mop the floor or clean the windows? 结构分析： · Would you like + 名词? 想要某物吗？ Would you like some apples? · Would you like + to do? 愿意做某事吗？ Would you like to join us? · Would you like sb. to do? 想要某人做某事吗？ I‘d like you to join us. 回答方式： · 肯定：Yes, please. / Sure, I’d love to. · 否定：No, thanks. / Sorry, I‘d love to, but... 句式6：We need to get ready for their arrival. 课文原句： We need to get ready for their arrival. 结构分析： · get ready for + 名词 = 为……做准备 · get ready to + 动词 = 准备好做某事 · prepare for + 名词 = 为……做准备（同义替换） · prepare to do = 准备做某事 名词arrival的用法： · arrival强调“到达”这个动作或行为（不可数名词）或到达的人/物（可数名词） The arrival of the train was delayed. 句式7：Now that I am older, my life is different. 课文原句： Now that I am older, my life is different.（Section B阅读） 结构分析： · now that = 既然（引导原因状语从句，意为“由于；既然”） Now that you have finished, let‘s go. 既然你完成了，我们走吧。 Now that everyone is here, let’s start. 既然大家都到了，我们开始吧。 五、核心语法精讲 5.1 情态动词礼貌用语（重庆中考高频） 本单元重点学习情态动词在“请求许可”和“提出请求”两种语境下的礼貌用法。 1. 请求许可（Ask for Permission） 结构 正式程度 适用场景 Can I...? 最随意 家人、朋友之间 Could I...? 较委婉 礼貌请求 May I...? 最正式 陌生人、正式场合 核心考点： Could在疑问句中不表示过去时，只表示委婉语气。 Could I use your pen?（不是问过去能不能，而是礼貌地问现在能不能） 例句对比： Can I hang out with my friends?（家人之间，随意） Could I borrow your chess set?（较礼貌） May I leave the room for a minute?（对老师/长辈） 2. 礼貌地请求别人做某事（Make Polite Requests） 结构 用法 例句 Could you please...? 最常用，礼貌 Could you please sweep the floor? Can you...? 较随意 Can you sort your things? Would you like to...? 委婉询问意愿 Would you like to help? 回答方式总结： 回答 含义 Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 肯定回答（愿意） I‘ll do it at once. 肯定回答（马上去做） Sorry, but I have to... 否定回答（说明理由） I’m afraid not. 否定回答（委婉拒绝） 5.2 现在进行时表将来 概念： 表示移动性动词（go, come, leave, arrive, visit, start等）可以用现在进行时表示计划好的、即将发生的将来动作。 对比： 用法 例句 含义 现在进行时（正在做） They are visiting the museum now. 正在参观 现在进行时（表将来） They are visiting us next week. 下周要来 一般将来时 They will visit us next week. 下周要来（同样可，但进行时更强调“已安排好”） 常用移动性动词： come, go, leave, arrive, start, return, visit, fly, travel 即学即练： My uncle ________ (come) to see us this weekend. 答案： is coming（计划好的近期动作） 5.3 形式主语it的用法 结构： It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. 辨析： 结构 含义 用法 例句 It is + adj. + for sb. to do 对某人来说做某事是……的 形容词修饰事物性质 It is easy for him to solve it. It is + adj. + of sb. to do 某人做某事真是…… 形容词修饰人的品质 It is kind of you to share. It takes + 时间 + to do sth. It takes an hour to drive to the city. 开车到市区需要一小时。 即学即练： It is necessary ______ us to study hard. A. for　　B. of　　C. to　　D. with 答案：A（necessary修饰事物性质，用for） 六、巩固练习 ★ 基础过关 (一)、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It‘s time to ______ (pack) up and leave. 2. Please ______ (not make) a noise in the library. 3. Could you please ______ (sweep) the floor for me? 4. I ______ (borrow) a book from the library yesterday. 5. She is good at ______ (decorate) her room. (二)、根据中文提示完成句子 1.你能帮我打扫浴室吗？ ________ you help me ________ the bathroom? 2.请把你的外套挂起来。 Please ________ ________ your coat. 3.我迫不及待想给他们看我们的新房子！ I ________ ________ to show them our new house! 4.记得在每个盒子上写“吉姆的卧室”。 ________ to write “Jim’s bedroom” on each box. 5.因为下雨我们待在家里。 We stayed at home ________ ________ the rain. ★★ 能力提升 (三)、单项选择 ( ) 11. —Could you please feed the bird for me? —________. A. Sure, no problem　　　B. You’re right C. Here you are　　　　D. You‘re welcome ( ) 12. Steve invited me ________ a movie with him last night. A. watch　　　B. to watch　　　C. watching　　　D. watched ( ) 13. Remember to add some sugar ______ the stewed apples. A. to　　　B. on　　　C. at　　　D. for ( ) 14. —______ I use your dictionary? —Sorry, I’m using it now. A. Must　　　B. Need　　　C. Could　　　D. Should ( ) 15. There ________ a book and some pens on the desk. A. is　　　B. are　　　C. be　　　D. am ( ) 16. My parents ________ visiting my grandparents this weekend. A. am　　　B. is　　　C. are　　　D. be ( ) 17. She didn‘t leave the office ______ she finished all the work. A. until　　　B. after　　　C. before　　　D. because ( ) 18. Before you go on a trip, you should ______ your clothes and other things carefully. A. clean up　　　B. put up　　　C. pack up　　　D. meet up (四)、句型转换 1.Could you please help me clean the room?（改为同义句） ________ you please ________ me clean the room? 2.She is going to visit her grandparents next week.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ she going to visit her grandparents? ★★★ 挑战冲刺 (五)、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Just like any other teenager, Tom goes to school, does his homework, meets his friends and enjoys doing sports every day. But in his free time from Monday to Friday, Tom does something different. He cooks dinner for all the family: Mom, Dad, younger brother Joe and elder sister Emma. “I think it‘s important for teenagers to learn how to cook. Math and English are important, of course, but they need other skills to help them in today’s world. First, I taught Tom how to cook easy meals. Then he started using recipes in books,” Tom‘s mother said. “I love cooking and I think I’m really good at it. None of my friends cook. I don‘t know why, it isn’t difficult and it‘s great fun!” Tom said. “I think it is important for us children to learn how to do chores and help our parents with housework. It’s not enough to just get good grades at school.” In the past, Tom didn‘t help out at home and his mum wasn’t very happy with him. Today, things are different. 1. Who taught Tom to cook at first?（不超过5个词） 2. What does Tom think about cooking?（不超过15个词） 3. What did Tom’s mother think Tom should learn besides math and English?（不超过15个词） 参考答案 ★ 基础过关 (一)、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. pack（It‘s time to pack up. 该打包了。） 2. Don’t make（祈使句否定，Don‘t + 动词原形） 3. sweep（Could you please + 动词原形） 4. borrowed（yesterday提示过去时） 5. decorating（be good at doing） (二)、根据中文提示完成句子 1. Could; clean 2. hang up 3. can’t wait 4. Remember 5. because of ★★ 能力提升 (三)、单项选择 1. A（回应请求，Sure, no problem.） 2. B（invite sb. to do） 3. A（add...to...） 4. C（请求许可，could更委婉） 5. A（There be就近原则，a book是单数） 6. C（parents复数，are visiting表将来） 7. A（not...until...直到……才……） 8. C（pack up打包） (四)、句型转换 1. Can; help 2. When is ★★★ 挑战冲刺 (五)、阅读理解 1. His mother. / Tom‘s mother. 2. He thinks it’s fun and not difficult. 3. Other skills like cooking. / They need other skills to help them. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $