做高考真题，记高频单词DAY 8（说明文阅读）任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统整合了说明文阅读高频词汇与理解策略，以真题为依托，将核心词汇、词形变换、语篇理解等考点按“词汇积累—语境应用—深度理解”的逻辑分层构建知识网络，通过任务驱动式学习单（如选词填空、单词默写）引导学生从词汇辨析到语篇翻译逐步进阶，形成“词汇—阅读—思维”的一体化认知框架。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层训练设计，如开篇真题再现（2024全国一卷）引导学生初步感知考点，核心词汇板块配套词形变换背诵清单，选词填空和单词填空模块按难度梯度设置任务，培养学生的语言能力与思维品质。每个环节均配有参考答案与解析，学生可通过错题归因自主定位薄弱点，教师可依据学生在语篇翻译、单词默写中的表现实施精准指导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与备考针对性。

高考高频单词 DAY 8说明文阅读） 板块一：真题再现 [（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）] Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often "no." The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis." According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 28. What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 板块二：核心词汇（30个） 做高考真题，记高频单词 A genius is the person who repeats the most times! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃən/ 理解；理解力 content /ˈkɒntent/ 内容 effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ 有效的 written /ˈrɪtən/ 书面的；写的 material /məˈtɪəriəl/ 材料；素材 relate /rɪˈleɪt/ 有关联；涉及 factor /ˈfæktə/ 因素 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ 减少 concentration /ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən/ 专注；集中 entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ 娱乐 mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ 心态；思维模式 tendency /ˈtendənsi/ 倾向；趋势 multitask /ˌmʌltiˈtɑːsk/ 同时做多件事 consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 消费；消耗 digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl/ 数字的 confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ 确认；证实 finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ 发现；调查结果 pose /pəʊz/ 提出；摆姿势 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ 识别；确认 require /rɪˈkwaɪə/ 需要；要求 abstraction /əbˈstrækʃən/ 抽象；抽象概念 draw inferences 推断；得出结论 difference /ˈdɪfərəns/ 差异；不同 property /ˈprɒpəti/ 属性；特性 distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ 清晰的；不同的 aspect /ˈæspekt/ 方面 propose /prəˈpəʊz/ 提出；提议 approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ 接近；处理；方法 suit /suːt/ 适合；适宜 devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ 投入；奉献 板块三：词形变换（供背诵） 1. comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ 理解 — comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃən/ 理解 — comprehensive /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/ 综合的 — comprehensively /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪvli/ 综合地 — comprehensible /ˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbəl/ 可理解的 2. effect /ɪˈfekt/ 效果 — effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ 有效的 — effectively /ɪˈfektɪvli/ 有效地 — effectiveness /ɪˈfektɪvnəs/ 有效性 — ineffective /ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv/ 无效的 3. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ 减少 — reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ 减少 — reducible /rɪˈdjuːsəbəl/ 可减少的 — reducer /rɪˈdjuːsə/ 减速器 — irreducible /ˌɪrɪˈdjuːsəbəl/ 不可减少的 4. concentrate /ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/ 集中 — concentration /ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən/ 专注 — concentrated /ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪd/ 集中的 — concentrating /ˈkɒnsəntreɪtɪŋ/ 集中的 — concentration span 注意力持续时间 5. entertain /ˌentəˈteɪn/ 娱乐 — entertainment /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/ 娱乐 — entertaining /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/ 有趣的 — entertainer /ˌentəˈteɪnə/ 演艺人员 — entertainingly /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋli/ 有趣地 6. tend /tend/ 倾向 — tendency /ˈtendənsi/ 倾向 — tendentious /tenˈdenʃəs/ 有偏见的 — tendentially /tenˈdenʃəli/ 有偏见地 — tender /ˈtendə/ 温柔的；投标 7. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ 消费 — consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ 消费者 — consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ 消费 — consumable /kənˈsjuːməbəl/ 可消耗的 — consuming /kənˈsjuːmɪŋ/ 消耗的 8. digit /ˈdɪdʒɪt/ 数字 — digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl/ 数字的 — digitally /ˈdɪdʒɪtəli/ 数字地 — digitalization /ˌdɪdʒɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ 数字化 — digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ 使数字化 9. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ 确认 — confirmation /ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃən/ 确认 — confirmed /kənˈfɜːmd/ 确认的 — unconfirmed /ˌʌnkənˈfɜːmd/ 未经确认的 — confirmable /kənˈfɜːməbəl/ 可确认的 10. pose /pəʊz/ 提出 — poser /ˈpəʊzə/ 难题；提问者 — posed /pəʊzd/ 摆好姿势的 — posing /ˈpəʊzɪŋ/ 摆姿势 — composer /kəmˈpəʊzə/ 作曲家 11. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ 识别 — identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ 识别 — identity /aɪˈdentəti/ 身份 — identical /aɪˈdentɪkəl/ 完全相同的 — identifiably /aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbli/ 可识别地 12. propose /prəˈpəʊz/ 提出 — proposal /prəˈpəʊzəl/ 提议 — proposition /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/ 主张；命题 — proposer /prəˈpəʊzə/ 提议者 — proposed /prəˈpəʊzd/ 提议的 13. devote /dɪˈvəʊt/ 投入 — devotion /dɪˈvəʊʃən/ 奉献 — devoted /dɪˈvəʊtɪd/ 忠诚的 — devotee /ˌdevəˈtiː/ 热衷者 — devotional /dɪˈvəʊʃənəl/ 虔诚的 板块四：选词填空 Group A（从以下词汇中选择填空：comprehension, content, effective, written, material, relate, factor, concentration, entertainment, mindset） 1. The __________ of the article was too complex for beginners to understand. 2. Reading __________ books regularly can improve your vocabulary. 3. The new teaching method has proven highly __________. 4. The students are studying __________ from various sources for their research papers. 5. These two events are closely __________ to each other. 6. Lack of sleep is a major __________ affecting students' academic performance. 7. The task requires intense __________ and focus. 8. The concert provided excellent __________ for the audience. 9. A positive __________ is essential for overcoming challenges. 10. The __________ of the poem requires knowledge of its historical context. Group B（从以下词汇中选择填空：tendency, multitask, consume, digital, confirm, finding, pose, identify, require, abstraction） 11. The study's __________ have been published in a major scientific journal. 12. Many people have a __________ to check their phones while eating. 13. It is difficult to __________ on more than two tasks at the same time. 14. Teenagers __________ large amounts of time on social media every day. 15. The __________ age has transformed the way we access information. 16. The researchers __________ that their initial hypothesis was correct. 17. The teacher asked the students to __________ the main idea of the text. 18. This job __________ excellent communication skills. 19. The experiment __________ a challenge to traditional theories. 20. The concept of __________ is difficult for young children to grasp. 板块五：单词填空 A. 单句语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 21. The __________ (comprehend) of this text requires a good knowledge of history. 22. The __________ (effect) of the new drug has been proven through clinical trials. 23. The __________ (reduce) in air pollution has improved public health. 24. The __________ (concentrate) of students in the classroom is often affected by noise. 25. The __________ (entertain) industry has grown rapidly in recent years. 26. There is a __________ (tend) for people to judge others by their appearance. 27. The __________ (consume) of processed food has increased significantly. 28. The __________ (digit) revolution has changed the way we live. 29. The __________ (confirm) of the appointment arrived by email. 30. The __________ (propose) of the new policy was met with widespread support. B. 首字母单词拼写（根据首字母和句意补全单词） 31. The c__________ of the lecture was very interesting. 32. Students should learn to i__________ the main ideas of a text quickly. 33. The new software r__________ a powerful computer to run smoothly. 34. There are several d__________ between the two versions of the story. 35. The d__________ age has made information more accessible than ever. 36. The teacher p__________ a question for the students to discuss. 37. The c__________ of the experiment confirmed the theory. 38. The study f__________ were published in a scientific journal. 39. The a__________ of the problem requires a fresh perspective. 40. The students d__________ themselves to their studies. 板块六：语篇翻译（英译汉，黑体词为关键） Passage A Is there a difference between reading on paper and reading on a screen? Research has confirmed that paper reading is more effective for comprehension, especially when dealing with complex texts that require mental abstraction. When we read on paper, we have the physical experience of turning pages and remembering where information is located. This helps us process and retain information better. However, digital reading offers convenience and accessibility. The key is to choose the appropriate medium for the task at hand. Passage B The shallowing hypothesis proposes that people approach digital reading with a less serious mindset. We tend to treat information on screens as we do social media — quickly scanning without deep engagement. This leads to shallower processing of information and poorer retention. In contrast, when we read print, we are more likely to devote sustained attention and to engage in critical thinking. This explains why students often perform better when studying from textbooks than from digital devices. Passage C Audio and video are increasingly being used in education because they can be more engaging than written text. Teachers often assign online talks instead of articles to capture students' interest. However, psychologists have demonstrated that reading news stories leads to better retention of content than listening to or viewing the same material. This suggests that while audio and video have their place in education, they cannot entirely replace written texts, especially when deep understanding and reflection are required. Educators should balance different media to maximize learning outcomes. 板块七：参考译文（Passage 8 全文翻译） 一个人在屏幕上阅读文本和在纸上阅读文本，理解程度是否相同？在阅读相同材料时，听和看内容是否与阅读书面文字同样有效？这两个问题的答案通常都是“否”。原因涉及多种因素，包括注意力下降、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时倾向于同时做多件事。 当阅读数百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。大量研究证实了这一发现。当实验人员从提出简单任务（如识别阅读段落的主旨）转向需要抽象思维的任务（如从文本中推断结论）时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显。 纸质阅读和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。阅读纸质材料时，既有实实在在的触觉体验，又有不同页面的视觉地理。人们通常会将阅读内容的记忆与书中读到多深或内容在页面的位置联系起来。 但同样重要的是心理层面。阅读研究者提出了一种名为“浅层阅读假说”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这种心态往往不那么严肃，因此投入的脑力比阅读纸质文本时更少。 音频和视频比文字更能吸引人，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术——比如布置一段在线演讲，而不是同一人写的文章。然而，心理学家已经证明，当成年人阅读新闻时，他们记住的内容比听或看相同内容时要多。 数字文本、音频和视频都有教育作用，尤其是在提供纸质版无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神专注和反思的情况下最大化学习效果，教育工作者不应假设所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含完全相同的文字。 板块八：单词默写（汉译英） 理解；理解力 __________ 内容 __________ 有效的 __________ 书面的；写的 __________ 材料；素材 __________ 有关联；涉及 __________ 因素 __________ 减少 __________ 专注；集中 __________ 娱乐 __________ 心态；思维模式 __________ 倾向；趋势 __________ 同时做多件事 __________ 消费；消耗 __________ 数字的 __________ 确认；证实 __________ 发现；调查结果 __________ 提出；摆姿势 __________ 识别；确认 __________ 需要；要求 __________ 抽象；抽象概念 __________ 推断；得出结论 __________ 差异；不同 __________ 属性；特性 __________ 清晰的；不同的 __________ 方面 __________ 提出；提议 __________ 接近；处理；方法 __________ 适合；适宜 __________ 投入；奉献 __________ 【参考答案】 板块一 真题再现答案 28．D 29．A 30．A 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了纸质阅读与数字阅读（可视化学习）在理解和记忆方面的优劣，强调纸质阅读对于深度学习和记忆的重要性。 【详解】 D 词义猜测题 根据第二段前两句 When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. 可知，在阅读几百字的文本时，纸质阅读比屏幕阅读的学习效果更好。根据画线词所在句可知，当实验人员把任务从易（比如找到阅读文章的主旨）到难（需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论）推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到（become easy to notice），故选D。 29.A 推理判断题 第四段最后一句 According to this theory, people ... than when they are reading print. 是对 shallowing hypothesis（浅层阅读假说）的解释说明。人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少，也就是读者对数字文本持不严肃、轻松的态度。treat sth lightly意为"轻松地对待某事"，故选A。 30.A 事实细节题 根据第五段第一句 Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies ... 可知，大学教师越来越多地使用音频和视频，是因为它们比文本更有吸引力，也就是能够保持学生的注意力，hold students' attention是engaging的同义替换，故选A。 31.C 推理判断题 根据最后一段最后一句 However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 可知，教育工作者不应该认为所有媒介的效果是一样的。此外，本文主要介绍了纸质阅读在学习效果方面相较于数字阅读的优势，暗示了纸质文本在教育领域中的不可替代性，故选C。 板块四 选词填空答案 Group A content written effective material related factor concentration entertainment mindset comprehension Group B findings tendency multitask consume digital confirmed identify requires poses abstraction 板块五 单词填空答案 A. 单句语法填空 comprehension effectiveness reduction concentration entertainment tendency consumption digital confirmation proposal B. 首字母单词拼写 content identify requires differences digital posed confirmation findings aspect devoted 板块六 语篇翻译参考译文 Passage A 在纸上阅读和在屏幕上阅读之间是否存在差异？研究已证实，纸质阅读对理解更有效，尤其是在处理需要抽象思维的复杂文本时。当我们阅读纸质材料时，我们拥有翻页和记住信息所在位置的物理 体验。这有助于我们更好地处理和记忆信息。然而，数字阅读提供了便捷性和可及性。关键在于为手头的任务选择合适的媒介。 Passage B 浅层阅读假说 提出人们以不那么严肃的心态 接触 数字阅读。我们倾向于 对待 屏幕上的信息就像对待社交媒体一样——快速扫视而没有深度参与。这导致对信息的处理更浅层，记忆效果更差。相比之下，当我们阅读纸质文本时，我们更可能 投入持续的注意力并进行批判性 思考。这解释了为什么学生在用教科书学习时往往比用数字 设备表现更好。 Passage C 音频和视频在教育中日益被使用，因为它们比书面文本更吸引人。教师经常布置在线演讲而不是文章来吸引学生的兴趣。然而，心理学家已证明，阅读新闻导致比听或看相同材料更好的内容 记忆。这表明，虽然音频和视频在教育中有其位置，但它们不能完全取代 书面文本，尤其是在需要 深度 理解和反思时。教育工作者应该平衡不同的媒介，以最大化学习效果。 板块八 汉译英答案 comprehension content effective written material relate factor reduce concentration entertainment mindset tendency multitask consume digital confirm finding pose identify require abstraction draw inferences difference property distinct aspect propose approach suit devote $