Unit 1 Relationship 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 以单元主题为核心，系统整合词汇、短语、语法及语篇训练，通过规则讲解与分层练习提升语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |教材考点概览|词汇7板块/短语7板块/长难句4句/语法1专题|长难句结构拆解（定从/表从）、过去完成时规则（构成/否定/疑问/被动）及与一般过去时对比|按教材板块梳理词汇短语，语法从规则到难点提示，长难句通过拆解建立结构认知| |考点夯基攻坚|词汇10题/短语10题/语法10题/翻译5题/综合3题型|词汇短语语境应用、语法时态填空技巧、语篇综合理解策略|从基础词汇短语到语法应用，再到语篇综合，形成“基础-应用-拔高”逻辑链|

Unit 1 Relationship 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、词汇练习 1) defence/defense 2) will be hosted 3) approval 4) complain 5) have poured 6) contrasting 7) chasing 8) access 9) bends 10) dominated / dominates 二、短语练习 1) a lack of 2) used to 3) end up doing 4) takes up 5) was dragged away 6) surround himself with 7) chattered away 8) in contrast to 9) could have set off 10) a couple of 三、语法练习 1) had left 2) has been sweeping 3) had got 4) had been 5) had worked / had been working 6) has lived / has been living 7) had been 8) had visited 9) have won 10) had written 四、翻译句子参考译文 1）The cost of the activity added up to 1, 000 dollars. 2）I caught him reading my private letters. 3）Does every student have access to a computer? 4）So far we have not borrowed money from others. 5）I really appreciate that you solved the problems they had raised. 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、短文填空 1) how 2) spreading 3) but 4) has worked 5) is used 6) has offered 7) most important 8) to strengthen 9) energetic 10) to get 二、完形填空 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.C 三、阅读理解 A篇：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.C B篇：5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 Relationship 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 一、重点词汇 板块 词汇 Topic talk passionate, outgoing, incredible, emotional, grateful, extremely, occasionally, niece, nephew, flu Lesson 1 drag, lack, access, practical, worthwhile, angle, rocket, fuel, acid, presentation, behavior Lesson 2 handle, upset, raise, highlight, ashamed, demanding, effective, sensitive, preference, intention, manner Lesson 3 flow, dominate, delay, bend, complain, reserved, wired, desperate, intense, depressed, extraordinary, constantly, barely, dorm, deadline, stimulation, alcoholic Writing workshop sincerely, invitation, behalf, innovation, competitor, clarity, progression, engagement Viewing workshop block, abuse, insecure, admiration Reading club 1 defend, approval Reading club 2 unmotivated, principle, politics, contrast, motivation 二、重点短语 板块 短语 Topic talk pass away, be grateful to, fall behind, a sense of humour, a series of, face to face Lesson 1 pour…into, used to, add up to, lack confidence, give a presentation, catch …doing, have access to, be eager to, turn …into, be good at, make friends with, the path to success, for the first time, a couple of Lesson 2 point out, agree with, give feedback, lose confidence, get upset, raise a question, strengths and weaknesses, to be honest Lesson 3 associate with, be wired up, go cold turkey, feel lonely, aim to, check through, answer a text message, go without, social networking, way beyond, according to, in reality Writing workshop take up, note down, come to a decision, be responsible for, the Student Union, during the final round, on behalf of, so far Viewing workshop face life and death, be proud of, long to, take in, household by household Reading club 1 belong to, be low in confidence, seek one’s approval, build up self-confidence, give in (to), the majority of, peer pressure, a positive role model Reading club 2 have high standards, shape one’s personality, a person with principles, a range of, in contrast to Reading club 2 have high standards, shape one’s personality, a person with principles, a range of, in contrast to 三、长难句理解： 1. The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! 结构拆解： 定语从句I can remember from school maths修饰先行词The only thing；表语从句that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees作系动词is的表语。 译文：我上学时学的数学，唯一还记得的内容就是三角形内角和是180度！ 2. Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! 结构拆解： 固定搭配catch sb. doing sth. （撞见某人正在做某事）；seeing后接宾语从句who could jump the farthest off the school stage。 译文：有一次我撞见他和朋友们比赛谁从学校舞台上跳下来跳得最远！ 3. What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 结构拆解： 主语从句What is really worrying作句子主语；表语从句that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey作表语，其中I know是定语从句修饰no one，go cold turkey表示“（戒除陋习）突然彻底戒断”。 译文：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的所有人（包括我自己）都没法彻底戒掉（相关习惯）。 4. People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peers' approval by going along with risky suggestions or choosing the "wrong" path. 结构拆解： 定语从句who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves修饰主语People；by going along with. . . or choosing. . . 是方式状语。 译文：自信心不足、对自己缺乏把握的人，更容易听从冒险的提议或是选择“错误”的道路，以此来寻求同龄人的认可。 四、语法核心规则和难点提示 过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10, 000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left. ) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived. ) 我到达时她已经离开了。 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、词汇练习 从方框中选择恰当的单词填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 host, pour, dominate, chase, bend, complain, defend, contrast, access, approval 1) The immune system is the body's ______ against infection. 2) Next week's show ______ by Sarah Cox. 3) The company cannot be sold without the ______ of the shareholders. 4) If you're unhappy with the room service, you should ______ to the manager. 5) Since then, offers of help ______ in from all over the country. 6) The snow was icy and white, ______ with the brilliant blue sky. 7) Kids ______ around the house should pay attention to their safety. 8) We are trying to improve ______ for disabled visitors. 9) At the top of the hill, the path ______ sharply left and enters a small woodland. 10) Her loud voice totally ______ the conversation. 解析与答案 1) defence/defense（defend的名词形式） 解析：defend是动词“防御、保卫”，此处名词所有格body's后需要名词，defend的名词形式defence（英式）/defense（美式）表示“防御手段”，句意：免疫系统是身体抵御感染的防御系统。 2) will be hosted（host的被动将来时） 解析：host作动词表示“主持（节目、演出）”，show和host是被动关系；时间next week表将来，用一般将来时被动语态will be hosted，句意：下周的节目将由Sarah Cox主持。 3) approval 解析：approval是名词“批准、同意”，the + 名词 + of结构，the approval of the shareholders指股东的批准，句意：未经股东批准，这家公司不能被出售。 4) complain 解析：complain to sb. 是固定搭配“向某人投诉/抱怨”，情态动词should后接动词原形，句意：如果你对客房服务不满，应该向经理投诉。 5) have poured（pour的现在完成时） 解析：pour in是固定短语“大量涌入”；since then是现在完成时标志，主语offers是复数，用have poured，句意：从那以后，全国各地的援助提议纷至沓来。 6) contrasting（contrast的现在分词） 解析：contrast with是“与……形成对比”，此处现在分词作伴随状语，snow和contrast是主动关系，用contrasting，句意：积雪冰冷洁白，和澄澈湛蓝的天空形成鲜明对比。 7) chasing（chase的现在分词） 解析：chase around表示“四处追逐奔跑”，此处现在分词作后置定语修饰kids，表主动，用chasing，句意：在屋子里追逐打闹的孩子要注意安全。 8) access 解析：access作名词表示“通行权、使用/进入的通道”，improve access for disabled visitors指改善残障访客的通行设施/准入条件，句意：我们正努力改善残障访客的通行便利。 9) bends（bend的一般现在时第三人称单数） 解析：bend表示“转弯、弯折”，主语the path是单数，和后文enters时态保持一致用一般现在时，动词变为bends，句意：在山顶，小路急剧向左转弯，进入一片小树林。 10) dominated（dominate的一般过去时）/ dominates（一般现在时） 解析：dominate表示“主导、掌控”，既可用一般过去时dominated描述过去场景，也可用一般现在时dominates描述常态；句意：她洪亮的嗓音完全主导了整场对话。 二、短语练习 从方框中选择恰当的短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 used to、take up、in contrast to、a couple of、set off、drag away、 end up doing、surround oneself with、chatter away、a lack of 1) At first there was ______ trust between them, but later they became bosom friends. 2) There ______ be a large car park on this site. Now, it has been replaced by a small garden. 3) Many people who try their best to lose weight will ______ putting weight back on. 4) Chris wants to keep fit, so he ______ jogging every morning. 5) The fallen tree ______ from the main road after the wild wind. 6) David loved to ______ with young people. 7) She ______ excitedly until she noticed I wasn't listening. 8) The uplifting atmosphere this Friday was ______ the tense one last week. 9) Any movement ______ the bomb, but fortunately, it did not explode. 10) You will be alright in ______ weeks. 答案与解析 1) 答案：a lack of 解析：a lack of 意为“缺乏……”，后接名词trust（信任），后半句“后来他们成了密友”对应“起初彼此缺乏信任”的转折逻辑。 2) 答案：used to 解析：used to do 表示“过去曾经（现在不这样了）”，后文Now说明场地如今变成小花园，过去这里曾是大型停车场，符合语境。 3) 答案：end up doing 解析：end up doing 固定搭配，意为“最终以……告终”，will后接动词原形；句意：很多拼命减肥的人最后体重又反弹了。 4) 答案：takes up 解析：take up 意为“开始从事（养成爱好）”，主语he是第三人称单数，一般现在时动词变为takes up；句意：Chris想保持健康，所以他每天早上慢跑。 5) 答案：was dragged away 解析：drag away 意为“拖走”，倒下的树是“被拖走”，要用被动语态；事件发生在大风过后，用一般过去时，主语单数，故填was dragged away。 6) 答案：surround himself with 解析：surround oneself with 意为“使自己置身于……、和……朝夕相处”，love to后接动词原形；主语是David，反身代词用himself。 7) 答案：chattered away 解析：chatter away 意为“喋喋不休地说”，从句noticed是一般过去时，主句时态保持一致，动词变为过去式chattered away。 8) 答案：in contrast to 解析：in contrast to 意为“与……形成对比”，本周五振奋的氛围和上周紧张的氛围形成反差，直接填入短语即可。 9) 答案：could have set off 解析：set off 意为“引爆（炸弹）”，could have done 表示“本可能发生（实际没发生）”，后文“幸运的是炸弹没爆炸”说明动作有引爆的潜在风险但未成真。 10) 答案：a couple of 解析：a couple of 意为“几个、一对”，后接可数名词复数weeks，in a couple of weeks 表示“几周之后”。 三、语法练习 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1) As soon as we got to the station, we found that the train ______ (leave). 2) She ______ (sweep) the street all day and she is too tired. 3) By nine o’clock last night, we ______ (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship. 4) I ______ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 5) He said he ______ (work) in that factory since 1960. 6) Mr. Green ______ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. 7) It was the first time he ______ (be) late. 8) She ______ (visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with her hands. 9) Is it the first time that they ______ (win) the competition? 10) He ______ (write) three books and he was working on another one. 答案与解析 1) had left 解析：got（到达）是过去动作；火车离开发生在“到达车站”之前，即过去的过去，使用过去完成时。 2) has been sweeping 解析：all day 强调动作持续一整天，对现在造成结果 she is too tired；现在完成进行时，表示动作持续进行。 3) had got 解析：by + 过去时间（last night nine o’clock），谓语使用过去完成时，表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成。 4) had been 解析：公交车到来（came，过去时）之前，我已经等候20分钟；等候属于过去的过去，用过去完成时。 5) had worked / had been working 解析：主句 He said 为一般过去时；since 1960 表示动作持续到“他说话”这个过去时间点。 had worked：过去完成时，强调动作已完成； had been working：过去完成进行时，强调长期持续工作。 6) has lived / has been living 解析：since he came to China 是现在完成时标志。 has lived：现在完成时，强调居住至今； has been living：现在完成进行时，强调持续居住。 7) had been 解析：固定句型： It was the first time (that) + 主语 + had done 主句为一般过去时，从句必须用过去完成时。 8) had visited 解析：找到病因（found out，过去时）之前，她已经看过很多医生；看病发生在过去动作之前，过去的过去，过去完成时。 9) have won 解析：固定句型： It is the first time (that) + 主语 + have/has done 主句为一般现在时，从句使用现在完成时。 10) had written 解析：后一句 was working 为过去进行时；写完三本书发生在当时创作新书之前，属于过去的过去，用过去完成时。 四、翻译下列句子 1）这次活动的费用总计达一千美元。 ________________________________________________________ 2）他在看我的私人信件时，让我撞见了。 ________________________________________________________ 3）所有的学生都有机会使用计算机吗？ ________________________________________________________ 4）迄今为止，我们还没有向别人借过钱。 ________________________________________________________ 5）我很高兴你解决了他们提出的问题。 ________________________________________________________ 参考译文与解析 1）The cost of the activity added up to 1, 000 dollars. 解析：add up to 固定短语，意为“总计达到”。 2）I caught him reading my private letters. 解析：catch sb. doing sth. 撞见/当场抓住某人正在做某事。 3）Does every student have access to a computer? 解析：have access to sth. 固定搭配，有使用/接触某物的机会、使用权。 4）So far we have not borrowed money from others. 解析：so far（迄今为止）是现在完成时标志性时间状语；borrow … from… 向……借。 5）I really appreciate that you solved the problems they had raised. 解析：appreciate 后接从句表示“感激、很高兴”；they had raised 定语从句，“他们提出的”，提出问题发生在解决之前，可用过去完成时。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、 短文填空 A篇 Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide (1)______ to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from (2)______ (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, (3)______ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Russian smokejumper Alexi Tishin, who (4)______ (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “This is the best job for tough guys. ” B篇 With the Internet entering our daily life, online shopping (5)______ (use) throughout the world nowadays. Internet shopping (6)______ (offer) a number of benefits to the shoppers especially over the past decades. The (7)______ (important) of all is convenience. C篇 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise, it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can do exercises (8)______ (strength) your leg muscles. Running is easy and it’s always (9)______ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time (10)______ (get) the same benefits as other sports. 【答案】 1) how 2) spreading 3) but 4) has worked 5) is used 6) has offered 7) most important 8) to strengthen 9) energetic 10) to get 【A篇导语】短文介绍空降消防员（Smokejumpers），讲述他们的工作方式、工作目标与工作特点，展现这份工作虽然危险，却深受硬汉喜爱。 【(1)题详解】 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：抵达那里后，他们首先勘察地形，确定如何灭火。结合句意，填how，how to fight the fire 如何灭火。 【(2)题详解】 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配stop … from doing sth. 阻止……做某事，介词from后接动名词，spread变为spreading。 【(3)题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：这份工作十分危险，但是他们热爱跳伞、灭火、在森林生活。前后分句存在转折关系，填but。 【(4)题详解】 考查动词时态。时间状语for 15 years表示动作持续至今，先行词who指代Alexi Tishin，谓语使用现在完成时has worked。 【B篇导语】文章介绍随着互联网普及，网购风靡全球，几十年来网购给消费者带来诸多好处，最大优势就是便捷。 【(5)题详解】 考查时态与被动语态。online shopping（网购）和use是被动关系；nowadays为一般现在时标志，主语为单数，故填is used。 【(6)题详解】 考查动词时态。时间状语over the past decades（在过去几十年间）是现在完成时标志，主语Internet shopping为单数，填has offered。 【(7)题详解】 考查形容词最高级。固定结构The + 形容词最高级 + of all，表示“所有当中最……的”，important最高级为most important。 【C篇导语】短文围绕运动展开，重点介绍跑步这项运动，给出保护膝盖的建议，并说明跑步耗时短、收效好的优势。 【(8)题详解】 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作目的状语，表示锻炼的目的是强健腿部肌肉，strength是名词，动词形式strengthen，填to strengthen。 【(9)题详解】 考查形容词作表语。系动词is后需要形容词；energy名词，energetic形容词，意为“使人精力充沛的”。 【(10)题详解】 考查非谓语动词。不定式to get作目的状语，表示“只需跑一半时长就能获得和其他运动同等的益处”，填to get。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从每题所给A、B、C、D中选择一个最佳答案。 As an educator and care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with AIDS. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great ____1____ can be found in the smallest of bodies. Let me tell you the story about Tyler. Tyler's mom was an AIDS patient, s o Tyler was ____2____ infected From the very beginning of his life, he had to depend on medicine to survive. At times, he also needed extra oxygen to support his____3____. Tyler wasn't ____4____ to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard. All of us were ____5____ at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler's mom often said to him jokingly that he____6____ so fast that she needed to dress him in red. In that way, when she looked through the window, she could quickly find him. Unfortunately, he grew quite____7____ and so did his mother. When it became clear that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling him that she was____8____ too, and that he would be with him soon in heaven. A few days before his death, Tyler called me over to his hospital bed and whispered, "I might die soon. I'm not ____9___. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom ____10____ she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.” 1. A. fear B. kindness C. courage D. happiness 2. A. told B. known C. born D. found 3. A. breathing B. living C. running D. walking 4. A. willing B. please C. sorry D. determined 5. A. happy B. sad C. worried D. surprised 6. A. played B. moved C. said D. lived 7. A. ill B. serious C. terrible D. pale 8. A. living B. escaping C. dying D. surviving 9. A. regretted B. lonely C. ready D. frightened 10. A. refused B. permitted C. promised D. agreed 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. C 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述自幼因母婴传播感染艾滋病的男孩Tyler，即便身患重病，依然乐观活泼、勇敢面对病魔与死亡，小小的身躯里蕴藏着强大的勇气，临终前还贴心安排细节方便妈妈日后在天堂找到自己的暖心故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们教会了我许许多多事，但我尤其领悟到，弱小的身躯之中蕴藏着巨大的勇气。A. fear恐惧；B. kindness善良；C. courage勇气；D. happiness幸福。后文Tyler身患绝症却不放弃童年快乐、坦然直面死亡，全程体现出过人的勇气，契合文章核心主旨。 【2题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：Tyler的妈妈是艾滋病患者，所以Tyler一出生就被感染了。A. told告知；B. known知晓；C. born出生；D. found发现。根据后文“From the very beginning of his life（从他生命最初开始）”能判断，他是出生时就通过母婴途径感染病毒。 【3题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：有时，他还需要额外的氧气维持生命。A. breathing呼吸；B. living生存；C. running奔跑；D. walking行走。前文提到他依靠药物活下去，吸氧是支撑他维持生命的手段，support his living 表示维系生命，贴合语境。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：Tyler不愿意因为这种致命疾病放弃童年的任何一刻时光。A. willing愿意的；B. please使高兴（动词）；C. sorry遗憾的；D. determined坚定的。固定搭配be willing to do sth. 表示“愿意做某事”，此处否定形式体现他坚决不肯向病魔妥协、不肯丢掉童年欢乐。 【5题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：他为活着流露出来的纯粹喜悦以及身上满满的活力，让我们所有人都感到十分惊讶。A. happy开心的；B. sad难过的；C. worried担忧的；D. surprised惊讶的。身患重病的孩子依旧能肆意玩耍、充满生命力，这种反差让身边的人倍感意外。 【6题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：Tyler的妈妈经常开玩笑说，他跑动得太快了，所以得给他穿红色衣服。A. played玩耍；B. moved跑动、移动；C. said说；D. lived生活。后文妈妈透过窗户能快速定位他，是因为他四处跑动不好辨认，亮眼的红色能方便追踪，move对应四处跑动的状态。 【7题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：不幸的是，他的病情变得很重，他妈妈的身体状况也同步恶化。A. ill生病的；B. serious严肃的；C. terrible糟糕的；D. pale苍白的。grow ill指病情不断加重，契合后文明确他无法存活下去的情节铺垫。 【8题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：妈妈安慰他，说自己也快要离世了，很快就会在天堂和他团聚。A. living活着；B. escaping逃离；C. dying垂死的、即将离世的；D. surviving幸存。后文“she would be with him soon in heaven”说明妈妈的生命也走到末期，即将离世。 【9题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：我可能很快就要离世了，但我并不害怕。A. regretted后悔的；B. lonely孤单的；C. ready准备好的；D. frightened害怕的。结合Tyler一直乐观坚强的性格，他坦然接受死亡，内心并不恐惧。 【10题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：妈妈承诺过她以后也会来到天堂。A. refused拒绝；B. permitted允许；C. promised承诺；D. agreed同意。前文妈妈曾和Tyler谈心，许下会在天堂重逢的承诺，所以Tyler笃定妈妈会过来。 三、阅读理解 A篇 A quarrel at home may result in your falling ill. Don’t laugh, it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaofei, a Senior 2 girl, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. “It is because she is suffering from depression, caused by bad relations at home” doctors explained. “We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves” says Dr. Robert Ferrer from the US. In his recent research, Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. “But just as individual problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits, ” Ferrer said. 1. Why did Wang Xiaofei faint in class? A. Because her parents were strict with her. B. Because her classmates shouted loudly at her. C. Because her classmates often quarreled in class. D. Because of her depression caused by bad family relations. 2. According to Dr. Ferrer, we can learn that ______. A. we get sick or stay well by ourselves B. our health has nothing to do with diet, lifestyle and environment C. only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health D. teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not 3. The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A. embarrassment B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 4. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Family Relations B. The Reasons Why We Get Sick C. Family Relations Affect Your Health D. A Research About Teenagers’ Health 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍家庭矛盾、家庭关系会对人的健康产生重大影响，借助相关案例与研究，说明家庭因素（基因、生活环境、情感氛围等）会影响人们的身体健康。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。句意：王晓菲为什么在课堂上晕倒？A. 父母对她要求严格；B. 同班同学大声呵斥她；C. 同班同学经常在班里争吵；D. 糟糕的家庭关系引发的抑郁。根据原文第二段“It is because she is suffering from depression, caused by bad relations at home, ” doctors explained. 可知，她晕倒的根源是恶劣的家庭关系造成的抑郁。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。句意：根据Ferrer博士的研究，我们可以得知______。A. 生病与否只由我们自身决定；B. 健康和饮食、生活方式、环境无关；C. 只有家族基因会对健康产生巨大影响；D. 在家中被忽视的青少年更容易生病。根据原文第四段“Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. ”可直接得出答案。A、B、C三项表述均与原文内容相反。 【3题详解】 词义猜测题。句意：第二段划线单词“coma”的词义可能是______。A. 尴尬；B. 昏厥；C. 疲惫；D. 悲伤。根据前文“Wang Xiaofei, a Senior 2 girl, fainted (晕倒) in class”，前后形成语义呼应，父母争吵让她陷入昏迷状态，coma和faint含义相近。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。句意：文章最合适的标题是哪一项？A. 家庭关系；B. 我们患病的原因；C. 家庭关系影响你的健康；D. 一项关于青少年健康的研究。文章开篇点明家庭事宜会对健康造成巨大影响，全文围绕家庭关系与人的健康之间的联系展开论述。A范围过大；B、D片面，不能概括全文中心。 B Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be alone, together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with co-workers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time for myself, ” she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week, ” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan. ” That freedom to choose is one reason why more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 5. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 6. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her co-workers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 7. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 8. What is the passage mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，借助相关调查报告与人物事例，介绍在美国越来越多人选择独自用餐这一社会趋势，并分析人们偏爱独自就餐的原因。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。句意：第二段的数据是关于什么的？A. 食物种类；B. 饮食习惯；C. 餐桌礼仪；D. 餐厅服务。根据原文第二段“A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. ”，数据统计美国人独自吃早、午、晚餐的比例，属于饮食习惯范畴。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。句意：为什么Bechtel更愿意外出吃午饭？A. 和同事碰面；B. 处理工作；C. 拥有属于自己的独处时光；D. 为报告收集数据。根据原文第三段“Today, I just wanted some time for myself”可知，她外出午餐是想拥有独处时间。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。句意：关于Mazoleny我们能了解到什么？A. 他为酒吧拍摄视频；B. 他喜欢酒吧的食物；C. 他在酒吧采访顾客；D. 他和酒吧老板很熟悉。根据原文第四段“chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis”，on a first-name basis指可以直呼对方名字，代表彼此十分熟悉。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。句意：这篇文章主要讲什么？A. 独自就餐的趋势；B. 自我反思的重要性；C. 加班带来的压力；D. 无线技术的优势。文章开篇用案例引出现象，引用统计数据，结合两个人的亲身感受，分析越来越多人选择独自吃饭的原因，全文围绕独自就餐的趋势展开。B、C、D只是文中局部信息，不能概括全文主旨。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 Relationship 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 一、重点词汇 板块 词汇 Topic talk passionate, outgoing, incredible, emotional, grateful, extremely, occasionally, niece, nephew, flu Lesson 1 drag, lack, access, practical, worthwhile, angle, rocket, fuel, acid, presentation, behavior Lesson 2 handle, upset, raise, highlight, ashamed, demanding, effective, sensitive, preference, intention, manner Lesson 3 flow, dominate, delay, bend, complain, reserved, wired, desperate, intense, depressed, extraordinary, constantly, barely, dorm, deadline, stimulation, alcoholic Writing workshop sincerely, invitation, behalf, innovation, competitor, clarity, progression, engagement Viewing workshop block, abuse, insecure, admiration Reading club 1 defend, approval Reading club 2 unmotivated, principle, politics, contrast, motivation 二、重点短语 板块 短语 Topic talk pass away, be grateful to, fall behind, a sense of humour, a series of, face to face Lesson 1 pour…into, used to, add up to, lack confidence, give a presentation, catch …doing, have access to, be eager to, turn …into, be good at, make friends with, the path to success, for the first time, a couple of Lesson 2 point out, agree with, give feedback, lose confidence, get upset, raise a question, strengths and weaknesses, to be honest Lesson 3 associate with, be wired up, go cold turkey, feel lonely, aim to, check through, answer a text message, go without, social networking, way beyond, according to, in reality Writing workshop take up, note down, come to a decision, be responsible for, the Student Union, during the final round, on behalf of, so far Viewing workshop face life and death, be proud of, long to, take in, household by household Reading club 1 belong to, be low in confidence, seek one’s approval, build up self-confidence, give in (to), the majority of, peer pressure, a positive role model Reading club 2 have high standards, shape one’s personality, a person with principles, a range of, in contrast to 三、长难句理解： 1. The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! 结构拆解： 定语从句I can remember from school maths修饰先行词The only thing；表语从句that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees作系动词is的表语。 译文：我上学时学的数学，唯一还记得的内容就是三角形内角和是180度！ 2. Once I caught him and his friends seeing who could jump the farthest off the school stage! 结构拆解： 固定搭配catch sb. doing sth.（撞见某人正在做某事）；seeing后接宾语从句who could jump the farthest off the school stage。 译文：有一次我撞见他和朋友们比赛谁从学校舞台上跳下来跳得最远！ 3. What is really worrying is that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey. 结构拆解： 主语从句What is really worrying作句子主语；表语从句that no one I know, including myself, could go cold turkey作表语，其中I know是定语从句修饰no one，go cold turkey表示“（戒除陋习）突然彻底戒断”。 译文：真正令人担忧的是，我认识的所有人（包括我自己）都没法彻底戒掉（相关习惯）。 4. People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peers' approval by going along with risky suggestions or choosing the "wrong" path. 结构拆解： 定语从句who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves修饰主语People；by going along with...or choosing...是方式状语。 译文：自信心不足、对自己缺乏把握的人，更容易听从冒险的提议或是选择“错误”的道路，以此来寻求同龄人的认可。 四、语法核心规则和难点提示 过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去的事件之前已经发生的事件或存在的状态，它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时的构成是：主语+had+动词过去分词。 难点提示： 1. 过去完成时的基本结构 肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词 否定句：主语+had not+动词过去分词 疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词 被动语态：主语+had+been+动词过去分词 2. 使用过去完成时，过去时间有时由一个时间状语表示出来（如例1），但在更多情况下过去时间都由上下文表示出来（如例2、例3）。 例1：By the end of last month, they had treated over 10,000 patients. 例2：She found she had left her suitcase on the train. 例3：The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 3. 过去完成时和一般过去时可以用在同一个句子中，体现过去事件发生的顺序。比较下列句子： When I arrived, she left. (I arrived and then she left.) 我到达时她离开了。 When I arrived, she had left. (She left before I arrived.) 我到达时她已经离开了。 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、词汇练习 从方框中选择恰当的单词填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 host, pour, dominate, chase, bend, complain, defend, contrast, access, approval 1) The immune system is the body's ______ against infection. 2) Next week's show ______ by Sarah Cox. 3) The company cannot be sold without the ______ of the shareholders. 4) If you're unhappy with the room service, you should ______ to the manager. 5) Since then, offers of help ______ in from all over the country. 6) The snow was icy and white, ______ with the brilliant blue sky. 7) Kids ______ around the house should pay attention to their safety. 8) We are trying to improve ______ for disabled visitors. 9) At the top of the hill, the path ______ sharply left and enters a small woodland. 10) Her loud voice totally ______ the conversation. 二、短语练习 从方框中选择恰当的短语填入句子中，注意使用其正确形式。 used to、take up、in contrast to、a couple of、set off、drag away、 end up doing、surround oneself with、chatter away、a lack of 1) At first there was ______ trust between them, but later they became bosom friends. 2) There ______ be a large car park on this site. Now, it has been replaced by a small garden. 3) Many people who try their best to lose weight will ______ putting weight back on. 4) Chris wants to keep fit, so he ______ jogging every morning. 5) The fallen tree ______ from the main road after the wild wind. 6) David loved to ______ with young people. 7) She ______ excitedly until she noticed I wasn't listening. 8) The uplifting atmosphere this Friday was ______ the tense one last week. 9) Any movement ______ the bomb, but fortunately, it did not explode. 10) You will be alright in ______ weeks. 三、语法练习 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1) As soon as we got to the station, we found that the train ______ (leave). 2) She ______ (sweep) the street all day and she is too tired. 3) By nine o’clock last night, we ______ (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship. 4) I ______ (be) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 5) He said he ______ (work) in that factory since 1960. 6) Mr. Green ______ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. 7) It was the first time he ______ (be) late. 8) She ______ (visit) several doctors before she found out what the problem was with her hands. 9) Is it the first time that they ______ (win) the competition? 10) He ______ (write) three books and he was working on another one. 四、翻译下列句子 1）这次活动的费用总计达一千美元。 ________________________________________________________ 2）他在看我的私人信件时，让我撞见了。 ________________________________________________________ 3）所有的学生都有机会使用计算机吗？ ________________________________________________________ 4）迄今为止，我们还没有向别人借过钱。 ________________________________________________________ 5）我很高兴你解决了他们提出的问题。 ________________________________________________________ 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、 短文填空 A篇 Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide (1)______ to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from (2)______ (spread). They will use basic equipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, (3)______ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Russian smokejumper Alexi Tishin, who (4)______ (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “This is the best job for tough guys.” B篇 With the Internet entering our daily life, online shopping (5)______ (use) throughout the world nowadays. Internet shopping (6)______ (offer) a number of benefits to the shoppers especially over the past decades. The (7)______ (important) of all is convenience. C篇 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise, it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can do exercises (8)______ (strength) your leg muscles. Running is easy and it’s always (9)______ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time (10)______ (get) the same benefits as other sports. 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从每题所给A、B、C、D中选择一个最佳答案。 As an educator and care provider,I have worked with numerous children infected with AIDS.They have taught me so many things,but I have especially learned that great ____1____ can be found in the smallest of bodies.Let me tell you the story about Tyler. Tyler's mom was an AIDS patient,so Tyler was ____2____ infected From the very beginning of his life,he had to depend on medicine to survive.At times,he also needed extra oxygen to support his____3____. Tyler wasn't ____4____ to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease.It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard.All of us were ____5____ at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him.Tyler's mom often said to him jokingly that he____6____ so fast that she needed to dress him in red.In that way,when she looked through the window,she could quickly find him. Unfortunately,he grew quite____7____ and so did his mother.When it became clear that he wasn't going to survive,Tyler's mom talked to him about death.She comforted him by telling him that she was____8____ too,and that she would be with him soon in heaven. A few days before his death,Tyler called me over to his hospital bed and whispered,"I might die soon.I'm not ____9___.When I die,please dress me in red. Mom ____10____ she's coming to heaven,too.I'll be playing when she gets there,and I want to make sure she can find me.” 1.A.fear B.kindness C.courage D.happiness 2.A.told B.known C.born D.found 3.A.breathing B.living C.running D.walking 4.A.willing B.please C.sorry D.determined 5.A.happy B.sad C.worried D.surprised 6.A.played B.moved C.said D.lived 7.A.ill B.serious C.terrible D.pale 8.A.living B.escaping C.dying D.surviving 9.A.regretted B.lonely C.ready D.frightened 10.A.refused B.permitted C.promised D.agreed 三、阅读理解 A篇 A quarrel at home may result in your falling ill. Don’t laugh, it’s true. Family matters including living habits and even the way we speak have a big effect on our health, doctors say. Wang Xiaofei, a Senior 2 girl, fainted (晕倒) in class when she heard her classmates quarrel at the top of their voices. Quarrels between her parents also put the girl into a coma. “It is because she is suffering from depression, caused by bad relations at home,” doctors explained. “We don’t get sick or stay well by ourselves,” says Dr. Robert Ferrer from the US. In his recent research, Ferrer shows that family forces may explain up to a quarter of health problems. The genes you get from your family may cause illness. If one of your parents has a heart attack, your risk of being affected may double. But effects on health are not only written in our DNA. Unrelated people who live under the same roof also get similar problems. Diet, lifestyle and environment affect our health, too. Ferrer’s research also found that if teenagers feel they are ignored or unimportant at home they are more likely to get sick. We may never fully understand all the effects that families have on our health. “But just as individual problems can have effects on others, a small improvement can have big benefits,” Ferrer said. 1. Why did Wang Xiaofei faint in class? A. Because her parents were strict with her. B. Because her classmates shouted loudly at her. C. Because her classmates often quarreled in class. D. Because of her depression caused by bad family relations. 2. According to Dr. Ferrer, we can learn that ______. A. we get sick or stay well by ourselves B. our health has nothing to do with diet, lifestyle and environment C. only the genes we get from our family have a big effect on our health D. teenagers who are ignored at home get sick more easily than those who are not 3. The underlined word “coma” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A. embarrassment B. faint C. tiredness D. sadness 4. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Family Relations B. The Reasons Why We Get Sick C. Family Relations Affect Your Health D. A Research About Teenagers’ Health B Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be alone, together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with co-workers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time for myself,” she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason why more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 5. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 6. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her co-workers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 7. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 8. What is the passage mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $