Unit 2 Safety（热点题型专练）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会——安全问题”，构建语法填空“词类-提示词”双维解题体系与阅读表达“步骤-验证”闭环策略，实现方法迁移与安全话题语言能力协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|7篇（含巩固/拔高）|提示词：按名词（单复数）、动词（谓/非谓）等词类定形；无提示词：依介/连/冠逻辑填缺|从词类功能到语境应用，形成“词法规则-语境判断-形式转换”推导链| |阅读表达|5篇（含开放设问）|“问题定向-文本精读-答案验证”三步法，强调客观依据与信息完整|从细节检索到综合表达，构建“事实提取-逻辑分析-语言输出”思维路径|

Unit 2 Safety 语法填空、阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——安全问题） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 解题基本步骤 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空、必要时可添加助动词。 Natural disasters can come without warning, and they often bring great damage to people’s lives. 1 (keep) safe, we must learn some safety rules at school every year. Recently, our teacher 2 (train) us in earthquake safety for a month. The lessons make me realize it is important to get ready ahead of time. Last Friday evening, while I 3 (watch) a news report about an earthquake, my dad suddenly 4 (knock) at the door. He asked me 5 (prepare) our emergency kit with him at once. This is how we practice earthquake safety 6 (skill) at home. Knowing what to do during a disaster is just as important as being prepared beforehand. We must avoid 7 (stay) near tall buildings during an earthquake. It’s also important to listen to the advice of 8 (help) rescuers (救援者). My cousin 9 (learn) first-aid knowledge since last term, and she often tells us the key to getting through the 10 (hard) times is to help each other. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式（不超过两个词）。 One sunny afternoon, Jake and his sister Mia were playing near the river when Mia lost her balance and fell into the river. Her knee 1 (hit) a rock, and she started to cry out in pain. Jake rushed over. Mia cried,“My knee is 2 (bleed), and I can’t move it easily.” Jake remembered the 3 (one) aid and safety classes he took at school. He said,“Don’t worry, Mia. I know how to deal with the cut.”Then he 4 (quick) found a clean cloth in his bag. He pressed the cloth on the cut 5 (stop) the bleeding. After that, he looked around and found some long, strong sticks and he carefully tied(绑) 6 (they) around Mia’s leg to keep her still(不动的). Mia looked at Jake with tears in her 7 (eye ) and said, “Thank you, Jake. I feel much 8 (good) now.” Jake called their parents. When they arrived, they 9 (be) surprised at what Jake had done. Mum said, “Jake, you’re so amazing! We all should learn first aid, right? You never know when you might need to help someone.”Jake smiled and replied,“Yeah, that’s what our teacher always 10 (say), Learn to help, and you’ll be ready when help is needed.” Passage 3 阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Hello everyone, today our group 1 (present) on “Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings.” Our goal is 2 (provide) you with practical knowledge. First, we 3 (show) you the location of fire exits and stairwells on this floor plan. It is vital 4 (know) these in advance. If you hear the fire alarm, do not use the elevators. You should use the stairs to evacuate 5 (quick). Second, we will discuss 6 (prevent) measures. Never block fire doors or corridors. Be careful with 7 (cook) and electrical appliances. Finally, we will demonstrate how to use a fire extinguisher 8 (proper). Remember the acronym PASS: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep from side to side. We 9 (practise) this presentation several times to ensure the information is clear. We hope you 10 (find) it useful. Thank you. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 According to a survey by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, over 90 percent of Chinese minors use the internet, and 50 percent of these young people have made new friends online. The internet has become a big part of young people’s lives. It’s true that social media helps us connect with friends, share experiences and more. However, despite (尽管) its benefits, the internet also has risks. Here are some easy safety rules: ◆Make your passwords strong and safe. Set strong passwords for your accounts on different apps. Don’t use easy-to-guess information, like your birthday. ◆Be careful when talking to strangers online. Not everyone online is kind or honest. Never share personal details, like your home address, photos, school name, or phone number. ◆Think twice before posting anything online. Someone may misunderstand (误解) your words online and that might bring you trouble. According to a report, many conflicts (冲突) among teenagers start with online arguments. ◆Keep your social media profiles (资料) private. Don’t let everyone see your information. Only allow people you know well or trust to see your posts. Follow these tips, and you will stay safer on social media and the internet. If you find something bad online, remember to turn to your parents or teachers. Your safety is something they care about most. 1．What percentage of Chinese minors use the internet according to the survey? 2．What does social media help you do? 3．How many safety rules are mentioned in the passage? 4．What should you do when you find something bad online? 5．As a student, what will you do to keep safe online in daily life? Passage 5 Many of us spend time around areas of water, such as walking by rivers and lakes or swimming in a pool. But if you see someone having trouble in water, do you know how to offer help? A life-saving course (课程) A life-saving course teaches you what to do if there’s danger in the water. It teaches you useful skills such as first aid and how to use open-water throw bags and life rings. It doesn’t matter how old you are. RLSS The Royal Life Saving Society organizes life-saving courses. It has a water safety program for children aged between 8 and 12. The program teaches them basic skills in a swimming pool, such as how to help a person in need and how to swim. Here are some basic life-saving tips for water safety. First, “stop and think” before going into water. Second, always “stay together” with friends or family and swim at a lifeguarded place. Third, in open-water areas shout for help and throw floating objects, such as throw bags, life rings and soccer balls for the person to hold onto. Fourth, if you are the person in trouble, keep your cool—that is the most important thing, then float on your back and call for help loudly. 1．What useful skills can you learn from a life-saving course? 2．How old should children be if they want to join the water safety program? 3．If your friend is in trouble in open-water areas, what objects can you throw to him or her? 4．What is the most important thing if you have trouble in water? 5．As a teenager, do you want to take life-saving courses? Why or why not? Passage 6 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 “Fire! Fire!” Students were running out of the classroom. They used wet clothes to cover their mouths and noses. Was there a fire? No. It was just a fire drill (演习). On June 15th,2025, students in a middle school in Jingmen learned some fire safety skills. What can you do to make your houses safer? · Don’t put phone chargers (充电器) on your books or bed. Also, you should not charge your phone for too long. · Don’t use candles in your bedroom. · Check to see if you have broken electric wires (电线) in your house. What should you do if you are caught in a burning building? · If the fire is big, stay low and get out quickly. Make your clothes wet so that they will not catch fire. Use wet clothes to cover your mouth and nose. · Don’t use the elevators. Because elevators may break down anytime. · If the room is full of smoke, keep close to the floor where the air is cleaner and cooler. · Once help arrives, wave (挥舞) a flashlight or cloth at the window to let the firefighters know where you are. 1．When did the students in a middle school in Jingmen have a fire drill? 2．Is it safe to use candles in our bedroom? 3．How many ways of making your house safer are there according to the passage? 4．Why shouldn’t you use the elevators when you are caught in a burning building? 5．What should you do if the room is full of smoke? Passage 7 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Staying healthy and safe is not difficult if we follow some simple rules. Many students don’t pay attention to their health and safety, which often leads to illness or accidents. Let’s learn some important rules together. When you have a stomachache, it may be because you eat too much or eat cold food. You should stop eating and rest for a while. If the pain doesn’t go away, you should go to see a doctor. Don’t take medicine by yourself, because it may be dangerous. When you play sports, you should warm up first. It can help you avoid getting hurt. For example, if you play basketball, you should stretch your legs and arms before playing. If you fall and hurt your knee, you should clean the wound with clean water and cover it with a bandage. Then tell your teacher or parent. It’s also important to keep clean. Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet. This can stop germs from spreading and help you stay away from illness. You should also keep your classroom clean and tidy. A clean environment is good for our health. In a word, health and safety are the most important things for us. We should take good care of ourselves and follow these rules to stay healthy and safe. 1．Why may students have a stomachache? 2．What should you do if your stomachache doesn’t go away? 3．What should you do before playing sports? 4．How can we stop germs from spreading? 5．What do you think is the most important thing to stay healthy and safe? (请根据自身情况回答，不少于2句话) 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily had 1 cough and felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor 2 (check) her carefully. He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 3 a very bad cold. He gave her some 4 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw a man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 5 (bad), and there was even a small injury on his hand. Lily and her mother ran to help without hesitation. They used the first aid knowledge they learned before 6 (deal) with the injury. Then they called the emergency number for help. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people should always pay close attention to 7 (them)—especially their health. And when people are outside, they must be careful about 8 (safe) to avoid any harm. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 9 (ill) or accidents. We should also remember that a clean environment is good for our health, 10 we should try our best to protect it. Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·山东济南·期末）A very terrible fire happened in a Hong Kong neighborhood. It took many lives, including a brave 1 (fireman) who was trying to save others. The bamboo scaffolding around the buildings acted as fuel (燃料), helping the fire 2 (grow) fast. The way the buildings were arranged created a “chimney effect (烟囱效应)”. This effect made the fire move upward 3 (quick) and become extremely hot, like how air moves through a real chimney. Strong winds made everything even 4 (bad). Firefighters faced great 5 (challenge) during the rescue. The chimney effect made the fire too hot and 6 (danger) to get close to. Burning pieces kept falling from above and thick black smoke made it hard to see and breathe, 7 these brave workers did their best to save people caught inside. Our thoughts are with all the families who 8 (lose) their loved ones. We also remember the heroic firefighter who gave their life trying to help others. We hope those who were injured (受伤的) 9 (become) better soon. This terrible event reminds us how important fire safety is. Let’s all learn from this and be more careful. We pray that such tragedies won’t happen again and that everyone may live 10 (safe). Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·全国·随堂练习）A disaster escape drill was held in our school last Friday. All teachers and students 1 (take) part in it. Before the drill, our teacher told us some important rules. First, we must stay calm when 2 (face) danger. Second, we should cover our mouths and noses 3 wet cloths to keep away from smoke. Third, don’t use the lift, or we 4 (be) trapped in it. When the alarm rang, we lined up quickly and ran downstairs one 5 one. No one pushed or ran fast. We all followed the teacher’s instructions 6 (careful). On the playground, we gathered together and the headmaster gave us a speech. He said it was necessary for us 7 (learn) how to escape from disasters. He also told us that if each of us remembered these rules, we 8 (can) protect ourselves better. This drill was very meaningful. It made us realize the importance of safety. 9 we have more drills like this, we will be more confident when real disasters come. Safety is the most important thing in our lives, and we should never forget 10 to keep safe. Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·浙江温州·阶段检测）Jack is a middle school student. He loves 1 (listen) to music. He used to wear his headphones (耳机) while riding his bike to school. His mother often warned him not to do that, but Jack 2 (simple) turned a deaf ear. One day, Jack was riding his bike to school 3 a pair of headphones on his head as usual. Soon, Jack 4 (come) to a crossroad. The music made 5 (he) so excited that he forgot to check if the traffic light was green and rode on. At this time, 6 car was coming towards him. After seeing Jack, the driver honked (鸣笛) to get him out of the way. 7 , Jack was enjoying the music and didn’t pay attention to the things around him. As a result, the car hit Jack before the driver could stop it. The driver was very worried. He quickly got out of the car 8 (see) if (是否) Jack was OK. One of the wheels (轮子) of the car ran over Jack’s foot, but luckily he was not badly hurt. After Jack realised what had happened, he regretted not listening to his mother. Since then, Jack has become much 9 (careful) than before, and he has never used headphones on the road again. When you are on the road, you should pay much attention to traffic 10 (light). Safety always comes first. Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·辽宁铁岭·期中）Wild camping is becoming popular all over the world. What is wild camping? It is an overnight stay, not at a campsite — finding 1 suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature. If you enjoy 2 (spend) time outdoors and show great interest 3 wild camping, you should pay attention to some 4 (rule). ►Try to camp away from houses or farms. ►Be prepared to move on if you 5 (ask) to leave. Being friendly and polite can help you stay out of trouble. ►Leave nothing behind. Always remember 6 (clean) up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see. ►Don’t make a camp fire. It is 7 (danger) because it may cause a wildfire. Use a stove (炉子) 8 (careful), and make sure that you won’t burn any grass. ►Take care of your “personal waste”. Perhaps there 9 (be) no toilets in the wild. But it doesn’t mean that you can go anywhere. You should keep away from open water. You may wonder 10 wild camping is safe. Well, if you do it correctly, your safety can be ensured. Always let someone know where you are, what you are doing and when you will return. If you don’t feel safe, or if you prefer to have a shower and toilet, perhaps wild camping isn’t for you. Head towards a campsite instead. Passage 6 （24-25八年级上·四川绵阳·期末）语法填空：阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bill, one of my classmates, bought some 1 from a supermarket last weekend. He bought some beef, pork, chicken, fruits and vegetables. Because it was his 2 (sixteen) birthday, he wanted to have a big birthday party at home. He invited most of his 3 (classmate) to share the food together. But after they had the food, all of 4 (they) didn’t feel well. They got poisoned (中毒) and had stomachaches. Then they were sent to the 5 nearby at once.The doctor there looked them over 6 (careful), then said the food they ate were poisonous. The doctor gave them some injections (打针) and some 7 (medicine) for them to take at home. They were out of danger at last. But it was very dangerous. If they weren’t sent to the hospital 8 time, they would have the danger of dying. From this accident we realize the importance of food safety. I hope all of us can pay more attention to it. If everyone can 9 something to stop it, there will be 10 (little) food safety problems in our society. And I think the government should do something to stop the problem, too. Passage 7 （22-23八年级上·湖北恩施·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is very important for us 1 (live) and work safely. In China, safety education (安全教育) is 2 (become) more and more important now. Students had better learn to keep 3 (they) safe. Stampedes (踩踏) and 4 (fire) are the main accidents. Maybe students usually meet these accidents. How can we protect ourselves 5 the accidents? A stampede always 6 (happen) in crowded places. When students around you begin to push(推), just stand there and try to hold on to something. 7 you fall down, move to one side and protect your head with your two hands around it. When there’s a fire, try to leave the building as 8 (quick) as possible. It is better to cover your mouth and nose with something wet. If you 9 (not) do like this, the fire and smoke may hurt you easily. Remember, the 10 important thing is to stay calm in a fire. Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·河北邢台·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 I’m Henry, a middle school student. Last Sunday evening, my parents went out for a walk with my sister. But I studied alone at home because I would have an English test. All of a sudden, I saw bright light in my neighbour’s kitchen. I thought he was cooking, so I went on studying. Soon, there was a terrible smell in the air and I thought something was wrong. I went out and saw fire coming out of my neighbour’ s kitchen. So I shouted “Fire! Fire!” But no one heard or came out. I ran quickly to my house to call 911, and then I rang (响起铃声) my neighbour’s doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no answer. I got into the house through the window and found my neighbour sleeping in his bedroom. I woke him up and we rushed out of the house together. We tried our best to pour water through the kitchen window, but the fire was too heavy. Luckily, the firemen came and put out the fire quickly. When my parents came back, they found I was dirty and tired. After my neighbour told them the whole story, my mother hugged (拥抱) me and said, “Thank goodness you’ re safe! We’ re so proud of you.” Then my father added, “You did the right things tonight, son. From now on, we all have to be careful about fire safety at home.” 1．Why didn’ t Henry go out for a walk with his parents? 2．What did Henry think at first when he saw a bright light in his neighbour’s kitchen? 3．What did Henry do to help his neighbour before he got into the house through the window? (列举两条) 4．Who put out the fire at last? 5．开放性设问 What can we learn from Henry’s behavior (行为)? Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Knowing some safety rules can help protect you. As you can see in the pie chart (饼状图) on the right, accidents happen in different places. Just learn rules to stay safe in different places. Safety Rules in Different Places At home There are possible dangers in your daily life. Always keep the floor dry, especially in the kitchen and the bathroom. Instead of charging (充电) your phone all night, take it off after it reaches 100%. You must use fire and knives carefully when cooking. At school Accidents also happen at school, so it is important to follow these rules. You must not run in the corridors (走廊) or push others. You may hurt others! Do not bring dangerous things like knives to school. In PE lessons, always follow your teacher’s instructions. In the science lab, you have to know how to do experiments correctly. In public places You need to be careful everywhere you go. Always take good care of your personal things like your phone and wallet. When you walk or ride a bike, do not wear headphones or you can’t know what’s happening around you. You are not allowed to go swimming without parents. Be sure to swim in the swimming pools. You mustn’t swim in lakes or rivers. 1．According to the pie chart above, where do accidents happen most? 2．Where should you especially keep the floor dry? 3．What mustn’t you bring to school according to the text? 4．Why shouldn’t you wear headphones when walking or riding a bike? 5．What other safety rule can you give to students to follow at school? (Your safety rule should be different from the ones in the text.) Passage 10 （24-25八年级下·河北唐山·期中）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Traffic (交通) accidents happen a lot. When we hear about a traffic accident, we want to know what caused it. Did the driver or the bike rider make a mistake? In other accidents, maybe there was something wrong with the car or the bike. Did a person, a dog, or another animal suddenly cross the road? Was it the weather or something else? Often there’s more than one thing that causes a traffic accident. In some traffic accidents, the driver or the bike rider was talking on the phone. Maybe he or she was not following the traffic rules, such as not stopping at a red light. Or was the accident someone else’s mistake? Or the driver or the bike rider suddenly became sick. In fact, it’s impossible to have no traffic accidents. So what can we do to have fewer accidents and keep ourselves out of danger? First, we should be careful when we drive or ride a bike. Following the traffic rules is the most important. Second, we should be sure to use safety equipment (安全设备), like child safety seats. In the event of an accident, safety equipment can save lives. Finally, we should take good care of our cars and bikes to make sure they work well. It’s true that we can’t stop all accidents from happening. But being careful, following traffic rules, and using safety equipment are things that can help. 1．What do we want to know when we hear a traffic accident? 2．What is the most important for drivers and riders? 3．What safety equipment is mentioned (被提到) in the text? 4．How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to have fewer accidents? 5．As students, how can we keep safe when walking on the road? ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Safety 语法填空、阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与社会——安全问题） 热点题型概览 语法填空 1.无词形变化的词题， 一般是3个或4个小题，近年来，只考查了冠词、关联词（连词）和介词等三类词； 2.有词形变化的词题， 即要填词的正确形式， 一般是6个或7个小题，常考查了代词的四种格式，谓语动词的时态和、非谓语动词、形容词或副词的词类转化、疑问词等几种情况。 根据设题规律，可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表： 有提示词 1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后 B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。 2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之 后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。 B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及 其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词) 3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语 B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 4.副词 A.副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子 B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词 C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词 B.副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。 5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事（主要人称、物主、反身代词的变化） 无提示词 6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配 7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系 8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分 9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。 阅读表达 阅读表达所提的问题中,一般疑问句的提问方式频率很低,有时完全删掉,“wh-疑问词”开头的特殊疑问句越来越多,意味着对文章理解要求越来越高。复习备考中,考生要切实提高阅读理解能力和表达能力。平时练习中要通过精读完全理解文章。 解题基本步骤 1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。 2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。 3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。 注意事项 1. 答题有据，避免主观。 2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案 3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空、必要时可添加助动词。 Natural disasters can come without warning, and they often bring great damage to people’s lives. 1 (keep) safe, we must learn some safety rules at school every year. Recently, our teacher 2 (train) us in earthquake safety for a month. The lessons make me realize it is important to get ready ahead of time. Last Friday evening, while I 3 (watch) a news report about an earthquake, my dad suddenly 4 (knock) at the door. He asked me 5 (prepare) our emergency kit with him at once. This is how we practice earthquake safety 6 (skill) at home. Knowing what to do during a disaster is just as important as being prepared beforehand. We must avoid 7 (stay) near tall buildings during an earthquake. It’s also important to listen to the advice of 8 (help) rescuers (救援者). My cousin 9 (learn) first-aid knowledge since last term, and she often tells us the key to getting through the 10 (hard) times is to help each other. 【答案】1．To keep 2．has trained 3．was watching 4．knocked 5．to prepare 6．skills 7．staying 8．helpful 9．has learned/has learnt 10．hardest 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了自然灾害的突发性与危害，以及学校和家庭中学习、演练地震安全知识的经历，同时介绍了灾害中的自救与互助知识。 【详解】1．句意：为了保持安全，我们每年必须在学校学习一些安全规则。此处用不定式To keep作目的状语，表达“为了保持安全”的含义。 2．句意：最近，我们的老师已经培训了我们一个月的地震安全知识。时间状语Recently及for a month提示时态为现在完成时，主语our teacher是第三人称单数，故填has trained。 3．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。while引导的时间状语从句强调“过去正在进行的动作”，用过去进行时was watching。 4．句意：上周五晚上，当我正在观看一则关于地震的新闻报道时，我爸爸突然敲门了。suddenly提示这是过去发生的短暂动作，用一般过去时knocked。 5．句意：他让我立刻和他一起准备我们的应急包。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth. 表示“要求某人做某事”，故填to prepare。 6．句意：这就是我们在家练习地震安全技能的方式。skill是可数名词，此处表示多种安全技能，用复数形式skills。 7．句意：地震期间我们必须避免待在高楼附近。固定搭配avoid doing sth. 表示“避免做某事”，故填staying。 8．句意：听从乐于助人的救援者的建议也很重要。此处用形容词helpful作定语，修饰名词rescuers，表示“乐于助人的”。 9．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。时间状语since last term提示时态为现在完成时，主语my cousin是第三人称单数，故填has learned/has learnt。 10．句意：我的表妹从上学期开始就学习急救知识，她经常告诉我们渡过难关的关键是互相帮助。根据语境可知，这里表示“度过最艰难的时期”，要用形容词hard的最高级hardest。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式（不超过两个词）。 One sunny afternoon, Jake and his sister Mia were playing near the river when Mia lost her balance and fell into the river. Her knee 1 (hit) a rock, and she started to cry out in pain. Jake rushed over. Mia cried,“My knee is 2 (bleed), and I can’t move it easily.” Jake remembered the 3 (one) aid and safety classes he took at school. He said,“Don’t worry, Mia. I know how to deal with the cut.”Then he 4 (quick) found a clean cloth in his bag. He pressed the cloth on the cut 5 (stop) the bleeding. After that, he looked around and found some long, strong sticks and he carefully tied(绑) 6 (they) around Mia’s leg to keep her still(不动的). Mia looked at Jake with tears in her 7 (eye ) and said, “Thank you, Jake. I feel much 8 (good) now.” Jake called their parents. When they arrived, they 9 (be) surprised at what Jake had done. Mum said, “Jake, you’re so amazing! We all should learn first aid, right? You never know when you might need to help someone.”Jake smiled and replied,“Yeah, that’s what our teacher always 10 (say), Learn to help, and you’ll be ready when help is needed.” 【答案】1．hit 2．bleeding 3．first 4．quickly 5．to stop 6．them 7．eyes 8．better 9．were 10．says 【导语】本文讲述Jake在妹妹落水受伤后运用在校所学急救知识救助妹妹的故事，说明了学习急救知识的重要性，遇事冷静并掌握急救技能能及时帮助他人。 【详解】1．句意：她的膝盖撞到一块石头，然后她疼得大哭起来。全文故事发生在过去，句子时态为一般过去时，hit的过去式为hit。 2．句意：我的膝盖正在流血，我没办法轻松挪动它。句中有is，结合语境是此刻正在流血，使用现在进行时，结构为be+现在分词，bleed的现在分词是bleeding。 3．句意：杰克想起了他在学校上过的急救和安全课程。固定搭配first aid表示“急救”，one需变为序数词first。 4．句意：然后他快速在包里找到了一块干净的布。空处修饰动词found，要用副词，quick的副词形式为quickly。 5．句意：他把布按压在伤口上来止血。此处用不定式作目的状语，表达按压布料的目的是止血，故填to stop。 6．句意：之后，他环顾四周找到几根又长又结实的木棍，小心地把它们绑在米娅腿上固定住。动词tied后接人称代词宾格作宾语，they的宾格形式是them。 7．句意：米娅眼里含着泪水看着杰克说。人有两只眼睛，eye需使用复数形式eyes。 8．句意：谢谢你，杰克，我现在感觉好多了。much修饰形容词比较级，good的比较级为better，much better表示好多了。 9．句意：当他们赶到时，对杰克做的一切感到十分惊讶。主语they为复数，全文为过去时态，be动词选用were。 10．句意：是啊，我们老师总是这么说。always是一般现在时标志，主语our teacher是第三人称单数，动词say使用三单形式says。 Passage 3 阅读短文，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Hello everyone, today our group 1 (present) on “Fire Safety in High-Rise Buildings.” Our goal is 2 (provide) you with practical knowledge. First, we 3 (show) you the location of fire exits and stairwells on this floor plan. It is vital 4 (know) these in advance. If you hear the fire alarm, do not use the elevators. You should use the stairs to evacuate 5 (quick). Second, we will discuss 6 (prevent) measures. Never block fire doors or corridors. Be careful with 7 (cook) and electrical appliances. Finally, we will demonstrate how to use a fire extinguisher 8 (proper). Remember the acronym PASS: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep from side to side. We 9 (practise) this presentation several times to ensure the information is clear. We hope you 10 (find) it useful. Thank you. 【答案】1．will present/is presenting 2．to provide 3．will show 4．to know 5．quickly 6．prevention 7．cooking 8．properly 9．have practised/practised 10．will find 【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿，主要围绕高层建筑消防安全展开宣讲，依次介绍逃生要点、预防措施与灭火器使用方法。 【详解】1．句意：大家好，今天我们小组将要/正开展一场主题为“高层建筑消防安全”的宣讲。开篇是现场演讲开场语境，today点明当下宣讲场景，will present表即将进行的动作，is presenting表此刻正在开展宣讲，两种形式都贴合小组现场发言的语境。 2．句意：我们的目标是为大家提供实用知识。one’s goal is to do sth.表示“某人的目标是做某事”，结合语境，此处用不定式作表语，用来说明宣讲小组的核心目的。 3．句意：首先，我们会向大家展示这张楼层平面图里安全出口与楼梯的位置。后文多处使用will discuss、will demonstrate表宣讲流程里后续要完成的动作，此处并列承接宣讲步骤，用一般将来时will show匹配全文演讲流程的语境。 4．句意：提前了解这些信息至关重要。It is vital to do sth.意为“做某事是至关重要的”，it作形式主语，不定式to do为真正主语，结合语境，提前熟悉逃生通道是宣讲着重强调的关键事项，该句式适配此处表达。 5．句意：你应当走楼梯快速疏散。空格修饰动词evacuate（疏散），需要副词；形容词quick转换为副词quickly（快速地），贴合火情发生时要迅速撤离的消防安全语境。 6．句意：第二，我们会讨论预防措施。空格修饰名词measures，需要名词作定语；动词prevent转化为名词prevention，prevention measures意为“预防措施”，对应下文封堵防火门、小心厨具电器等防火相关内容。 7．句意：使用烹饪厨具和电器时要多加小心。介词with后接名词/动名词，cooking在此处指代烹饪相关操作，指代用火做饭的行为，贴合防火安全、防范厨房起火的语境。 8．句意：最后，我们会演示如何正确使用灭火器。空格修饰动词use，需要副词；形容词proper变为副词properly（正确地），用来修饰使用灭火器这个动作，贴合规范操作消防器材的宣讲语境。 9．句意：我们已经多次演练过这场宣讲，确保讲解内容清晰易懂。后文several times（数次）说明演练是宣讲前已经完成的动作，have practised现在完成时，强调过去演练对现在宣讲的影响；practised一般过去时，单纯陈述过去演练的行为，均贴合事前反复彩排的语境。 10．句意：我们希望大家会觉得本次宣讲内容实用。宣讲还未结束，听众感受是听完宣讲之后才会产生的，结合语境用一般将来时will find，表达小组对听众后续感受的期许。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 According to a survey by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, over 90 percent of Chinese minors use the internet, and 50 percent of these young people have made new friends online. The internet has become a big part of young people’s lives. It’s true that social media helps us connect with friends, share experiences and more. However, despite (尽管) its benefits, the internet also has risks. Here are some easy safety rules: ◆Make your passwords strong and safe. Set strong passwords for your accounts on different apps. Don’t use easy-to-guess information, like your birthday. ◆Be careful when talking to strangers online. Not everyone online is kind or honest. Never share personal details, like your home address, photos, school name, or phone number. ◆Think twice before posting anything online. Someone may misunderstand (误解) your words online and that might bring you trouble. According to a report, many conflicts (冲突) among teenagers start with online arguments. ◆Keep your social media profiles (资料) private. Don’t let everyone see your information. Only allow people you know well or trust to see your posts. Follow these tips, and you will stay safer on social media and the internet. If you find something bad online, remember to turn to your parents or teachers. Your safety is something they care about most. 1．What percentage of Chinese minors use the internet according to the survey? 2．What does social media help you do? 3．How many safety rules are mentioned in the passage? 4．What should you do when you find something bad online? 5．As a student, what will you do to keep safe online in daily life? 【答案】1．Over 90 percent of Chinese minors. /Over 90 percent. /Over 90 percent of Chinese minors use the internet. 2．It helps us connect with friends and share experiences. / It helps us connect with friends and share experiences (and more). / Social media helps us connect with friends and share experiences (and more). / Connect with friends and share experiences (and more). 3．Four./ 4./ Four safety rules./ 4 safety rules. 4．We should turn to our parents or teachers./ Turn to (our) parents or teachers. 35．I will not share my personal information online and stay away from strange people online.（答案合理即可） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要基于一项关于青少年上网情况的调查，介绍了互联网对年轻人的影响，并重点列举了四条网络安全准则，指导未成年人如何安全使用社交媒体。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“According to a survey...over 90 percent of Chinese minors use the internet”可知，使用互联网的未成年人比例超过90%。 2．根据文章第2段“social media helps us connect with friends, share experiences and more”可知，社交媒体帮助我们与朋友联系、分享经验等。 3．根据文章第3段列举的四条带“◆”的安全准则（密码、陌生人、发帖、资料隐私）可知，文中总共提到了四条规则。 4．根据文章最后一段“If you find something bad online, remember to turn to your parents or teachers.”可知，在网上发现不好的东西时应向父母或老师求助。 5．本题是开放性问题，答案不唯一，合理即可。参考答案为I will not share my personal information online and stay away from strange people online. Passage 5 Many of us spend time around areas of water, such as walking by rivers and lakes or swimming in a pool. But if you see someone having trouble in water, do you know how to offer help? A life-saving course (课程) A life-saving course teaches you what to do if there’s danger in the water. It teaches you useful skills such as first aid and how to use open-water throw bags and life rings. It doesn’t matter how old you are. RLSS The Royal Life Saving Society organizes life-saving courses. It has a water safety program for children aged between 8 and 12. The program teaches them basic skills in a swimming pool, such as how to help a person in need and how to swim. Here are some basic life-saving tips for water safety. First, “stop and think” before going into water. Second, always “stay together” with friends or family and swim at a lifeguarded place. Third, in open-water areas shout for help and throw floating objects, such as throw bags, life rings and soccer balls for the person to hold onto. Fourth, if you are the person in trouble, keep your cool—that is the most important thing, then float on your back and call for help loudly. 1．What useful skills can you learn from a life-saving course? 2．How old should children be if they want to join the water safety program? 3．If your friend is in trouble in open-water areas, what objects can you throw to him or her? 4．What is the most important thing if you have trouble in water? 5．As a teenager, do you want to take life-saving courses? Why or why not? 【答案】1．We can learn first aid and how to use open-water throw bags and life rings. 2．Children should be between 8 and 12 (years old). 3．We can throw bags, life rings and soccer balls. 4．The most important thing is to keep your cool. 5．示例1：Yes, I do. Because life-saving skills are useful and can help others in danger. 示例2：No, I don’t. Because I think it’s dangerous to learn such courses, and I will never go to dangerous water areas. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了救生课程所教授的技能、皇家救生协会针对儿童的水上安全项目年龄限制，以及水域安全的基本救生建议。 【详解】1．根据A life-saving course部分“It teaches you useful skills such as first aid and how to use open-water throw bags and life rings.”可知，从救生课程中可以学的内容，直接提取答案。 2．根据RLSS部分“It has a water safety program for children aged between 8 and 12.”可知，参加该项目的儿童年龄应在8到12岁之间，直接提取答案。 3．根据“Third, in open-water areas shout for help and throw floating objects, such as throw bags, life rings and soccer balls for the person to hold onto.”可知，可以扔投掷袋、救生圈或足球等物体，直接提取答案。 4．根据“Fourth, if you are the person in trouble, keep your cool—that is the most important thing”可知，在水中遇到麻烦时最重要的事情，直接提取答案。 5．本题为开放性试题，可根据个人意愿作答，言之有理即可。 Passage 6 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 “Fire! Fire!” Students were running out of the classroom. They used wet clothes to cover their mouths and noses. Was there a fire? No. It was just a fire drill (演习). On June 15th,2025, students in a middle school in Jingmen learned some fire safety skills. What can you do to make your houses safer? · Don’t put phone chargers (充电器) on your books or bed. Also, you should not charge your phone for too long. · Don’t use candles in your bedroom. · Check to see if you have broken electric wires (电线) in your house. What should you do if you are caught in a burning building? · If the fire is big, stay low and get out quickly. Make your clothes wet so that they will not catch fire. Use wet clothes to cover your mouth and nose. · Don’t use the elevators. Because elevators may break down anytime. · If the room is full of smoke, keep close to the floor where the air is cleaner and cooler. · Once help arrives, wave (挥舞) a flashlight or cloth at the window to let the firefighters know where you are. 1．When did the students in a middle school in Jingmen have a fire drill? 2．Is it safe to use candles in our bedroom? 3．How many ways of making your house safer are there according to the passage? 4．Why shouldn’t you use the elevators when you are caught in a burning building? 5．What should you do if the room is full of smoke? 【答案】1．On June 15th, 2025. 2．No, it isn’t. 3．Four./4. 4．Because elevators may break down anytime. 5．We/I should keep close to the floor (where the air is cleaner and cooler). 【导语】本文介绍了一次校园消防演练，并讲解了家庭防火与火场逃生的安全知识。 1．根据原文第一段“On June 15th,2025, students in a middle school in Jingmen learned some fire safety skills.”可知，消防演练的时间是2025年6月15日，应填On June 15th, 2025。 2．根据原文“What can you do to make your houses safer?”部分的第二条“Don’t use candles in your bedroom.”可知，卧室里不应该使用蜡烛，因此这一行为不安全。 3．根据原文“What can you do to make your houses safer?”部分，可拆分出四条独立的安全行为规范：①不要把手机充电器放在书本或床上；②不要长时间给手机充电；③卧室里不要使用蜡烛；④检查家里是否有破损的电线。因此答案为Four./4. 4．根据原文 “What should you do if you are caught in a burning building?”部分的第二条“Don’t use the elevators. Because elevators may break down anytime.”可知，电梯可能随时发生故障，因此不能使用。 5．根据原文 “What should you do if you are caught in a burning building?”部分的第三条“If the room is full of smoke, keep close to the floor where the air is cleaner and cooler.”可知，应该贴近空气更清新、更凉爽的地面。 Passage 7 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Staying healthy and safe is not difficult if we follow some simple rules. Many students don’t pay attention to their health and safety, which often leads to illness or accidents. Let’s learn some important rules together. When you have a stomachache, it may be because you eat too much or eat cold food. You should stop eating and rest for a while. If the pain doesn’t go away, you should go to see a doctor. Don’t take medicine by yourself, because it may be dangerous. When you play sports, you should warm up first. It can help you avoid getting hurt. For example, if you play basketball, you should stretch your legs and arms before playing. If you fall and hurt your knee, you should clean the wound with clean water and cover it with a bandage. Then tell your teacher or parent. It’s also important to keep clean. Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet. This can stop germs from spreading and help you stay away from illness. You should also keep your classroom clean and tidy. A clean environment is good for our health. In a word, health and safety are the most important things for us. We should take good care of ourselves and follow these rules to stay healthy and safe. 1．Why may students have a stomachache? 2．What should you do if your stomachache doesn’t go away? 3．What should you do before playing sports? 4．How can we stop germs from spreading? 5．What do you think is the most important thing to stay healthy and safe? (请根据自身情况回答，不少于2句话) 【答案】1．Because they eat too much or eat cold food. 2．We should go to see a doctor. 3．We should warm up first. 4．We can wash our hands before eating and after using the toilet. 5．I think the most important thing to stay healthy and safe is to follow the rules and take good care of ourselves. We should keep good living habits, be careful in daily life and ask for help when we are in trouble. (答案不唯一，符合要求即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了保持健康与安全的几条重要规则，包括肠胃不适、运动安全、个人卫生等方面的做法，提醒我们要照顾好自己。 【详解】1．原文第二段第一句直接给出原因：When you have a stomachache, it may be because you eat too much or eat cold food.直接提取信息。 2．原文第二段提到：If the pain doesn’t go away, you should go to see a doctor.直接照抄作答。 3．原文第三段第一句：When you play sports, you should warm up first.为原文直接信息。 4．原文第四段：Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet. This can stop germs from spreading…直接提取。 5．本题为开放性试题，围绕遵守规则、养成好习惯、注意安全等角度，写不少于两句话即可。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 （25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）Health and safety are of great importance in our daily life. Last Monday, Lily had 1 cough and felt really terrible. Her mother took her temperature at once and found she had a high fever. So they hurried to the hospital. The doctor 2 (check) her carefully. He told Lily’s mother that Lily was suffering 3 a very bad cold. He gave her some 4 (pill) and advised her to have a good rest at home. On the way home, they saw a man riding a bike in front. Suddenly, the man lost control and fell off the bike. His knee was bruised 5 (bad), and there was even a small injury on his hand. Lily and her mother ran to help without hesitation. They used the first aid knowledge they learned before 6 (deal) with the injury. Then they called the emergency number for help. This experience made Lily deeply realize that people should always pay close attention to 7 (them)—especially their health. And when people are outside, they must be careful about 8 (safe) to avoid any harm. What’s more, knowing some basic first aid skills can be really helpful when facing 9 (ill) or accidents. We should also remember that a clean environment is good for our health, 10 we should try our best to protect it. 【答案】1．a 2．checked 3．from 4．pills 5．badly 6．to deal 7．themselves 8．safety 9．illness 10．so 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lily因发烧去医院，回家路上遇到一名骑车摔倒受伤的男子并帮助他的经历。通过这次经历，她意识到关注健康、注意安全以及掌握基本急救知识的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：上周一，Lily咳嗽了，感觉非常难受。固定搭配have a cough“咳嗽”，此处应用不定冠词a。 2．句意：医生仔细地给她做了检查。根据“Last Monday”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。check的过去式是checked。 3．句意：他告诉Lily的妈妈，Lily患了重感冒。固定搭配suffer from“患……病”，此处应用介词from。 4．句意：他给了她一些药片并建议她在家好好休息。根据“some”可知，其后需填可数名词的复数形式。pill的复数是pills。 5．句意：他的膝盖严重挫伤，他的手上甚至还有一处轻微的伤痕。根据句子结构，此处需修饰动词短语“was bruised”，应用副词形式。bad的副词是badly。 6．句意：他们利用之前学过的急救知识来处理伤口。根据句意，使用急救知识的目的是处理伤口，应用动词不定式to deal作目的状语。 7．句意：这次经历让莉莉深刻地认识到，人们应当时刻关注自身——尤其是自身的健康状况。此处表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词作介词to的宾语。they的反身代词是themselves。 8．句意：当人们在外面时，他们必须注意安全以避免任何伤害。根据介词“about”和句意，此处需填名词，表示“安全”。safe的名词是safety。 9．句意：在面对疾病或事故时，了解一些基本的急救技能真的很有帮助。根据“or accidents”可知，此处与“accidents”并列，需填名词。ill的名词是illness。 10．句意：清洁的环境对我们的健康有益，所以我们应该尽力保护它。分析前后两句逻辑关系，前句“清洁环境有益健康”是原因，后句“应该尽力保护它”是结果，应用so连接。 Passage 2 （25-26八年级上·山东济南·期末）A very terrible fire happened in a Hong Kong neighborhood. It took many lives, including a brave 1 (fireman) who was trying to save others. The bamboo scaffolding around the buildings acted as fuel (燃料), helping the fire 2 (grow) fast. The way the buildings were arranged created a “chimney effect (烟囱效应)”. This effect made the fire move upward 3 (quick) and become extremely hot, like how air moves through a real chimney. Strong winds made everything even 4 (bad). Firefighters faced great 5 (challenge) during the rescue. The chimney effect made the fire too hot and 6 (danger) to get close to. Burning pieces kept falling from above and thick black smoke made it hard to see and breathe, 7 these brave workers did their best to save people caught inside. Our thoughts are with all the families who 8 (lose) their loved ones. We also remember the heroic firefighter who gave their life trying to help others. We hope those who were injured (受伤的) 9 (become) better soon. This terrible event reminds us how important fire safety is. Let’s all learn from this and be more careful. We pray that such tragedies won’t happen again and that everyone may live 10 (safe). 【答案】1．fireman 2．grow 3．quickly 4．worse 5．challenges 6．dangerous 7．but 8．have lost 9．will become 10．safely 【导语】本文讲述了香港某社区发生的严重火灾事故，分析了火势蔓延的原因，描述了消防员救援时面临的巨大挑战，表达了对遇难消防员的缅怀、对受灾家庭的慰问，以及对消防安全的重视与美好祝愿。 【详解】1．句意：它夺走了许多人的生命，包括一名勇敢的、试图拯救他人的消防员。a后接可数名词单数，填fireman。 2．句意：建筑物周围的竹制脚手架充当了燃料，帮助火势快速蔓延。固定搭配help sth. do sth.，填grow。 3．句意：这种效应使火势快速向上蔓延，变得极热。此处用副词修饰动词move，quick的副词形式是quickly。 4．句意：强风使情况变得更糟。even后接形容词比较级，bad的比较级是worse。 5．句意：消防员在救援过程中面临巨大的挑战。great后接名词，challenge是可数名词，用复数challenges。 6．句意：烟囱效应使火太热、太危险，无法靠近。too后接形容词，danger的形容词形式是dangerous。 7．句意：燃烧的碎片不断从上方掉落，浓浓的黑烟让人难以看清和呼吸，但这些勇敢的消防员尽最大努力拯救被困在里面的人。前后为转折关系，填but。 8．句意：我们的思念陪伴着所有失去亲人的家庭。句子为现在完成时，根据语境是表达失去，lose的现在完成时是have lost。 9．句意：我们希望那些受伤的人能尽快好起来。hope后接宾语从句，用一般将来时，填will become。 10．句意：我们祈祷这样的悲剧不再发生，每个人都能安全地生活。此处用副词修饰动词live，safe的副词形式是safely。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·全国·随堂练习）A disaster escape drill was held in our school last Friday. All teachers and students 1 (take) part in it. Before the drill, our teacher told us some important rules. First, we must stay calm when 2 (face) danger. Second, we should cover our mouths and noses 3 wet cloths to keep away from smoke. Third, don’t use the lift, or we 4 (be) trapped in it. When the alarm rang, we lined up quickly and ran downstairs one 5 one. No one pushed or ran fast. We all followed the teacher’s instructions 6 (careful). On the playground, we gathered together and the headmaster gave us a speech. He said it was necessary for us 7 (learn) how to escape from disasters. He also told us that if each of us remembered these rules, we 8 (can) protect ourselves better. This drill was very meaningful. It made us realize the importance of safety. 9 we have more drills like this, we will be more confident when real disasters come. Safety is the most important thing in our lives, and we should never forget 10 to keep safe. 【答案】1．took 2．facing 3．with 4．will be 5．by 6．carefully 7．to learn 8．could 9．If 10．how 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学校上周五开展的一次逃生演练，介绍了演练前老师强调的逃生规则、演练过程，以及校长的讲话，强调了安全与逃生知识的重要性。   【详解】1．句意：上周五我们学校举行了一场逃生演练，所有师生都参加了。根据 “last Friday” 可知，本句时态为一般过去时，take 的过去式是 took，“take part in” 意为 “参加”，符合语境。故填took。 2．句意：首先，当面临危险时，我们必须保持冷静。本句为时间状语从句的省略，完整形式为 “when we are facing danger”，此处用现在分词作状语，“face” 意为 “面临”，其现在分词形式是 facing，符合语境。故填facing。 3．句意：第二，我们应该用湿布捂住口鼻，远离烟雾。“with” 意为 “用”，表示使用某种工具或材料，“cover...with...” 意为 “用…… 覆盖……”，符合语境。故填with。 4．句意：第三，不要使用电梯，否则我们可能会被困在里面。根据 “don't use the lift” 可知，使用电梯会有被困的风险，“will be trapped” 表示将来可能发生的被动情况，符合语境。故填will be。 5．句意：当警报响起时，我们迅速排好队，一个接一个地跑下楼。“one after another” 意为 “一个接一个地”，是固定搭配，符合语境。故填after。 6．句意：我们都仔细地听从老师的指示。此处修饰动词 “followed”，需要用副词，“careful” 的副词形式是 “carefully”，意为 “仔细地”，符合语境。故填carefully。 7．句意：他说对我们来说，学习如何从灾难中逃生是必要的。“it is necessary for sb. to do sth.” 是固定句型，意为 “对某人来说做某事是必要的”，此处用不定式作真正的主语。故填to learn。 8．句意：他还告诉我们，如果我们每个人都记住这些规则，我们就能更好地保护自己。根据 “He also told us that if each of us remembered these rules” 可知，主句时态为一般过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时态，“can” 的过去式是 “could”，符合语境。故填could。 9．句意：如果我们有更多这样的演练，当真正的灾难来临时，我们会更有信心。此处引导条件状语从句，表示 “如果”，用 “if”，句首首字母大写，符合语境。故填If。 10．句意：安全是我们生活中最重要的事情，我们永远不应该忘记如何保持安全。“how to do sth.” 意为 “如何做某事”，此处表示 “如何保持安全”，符合语境。故填how。 Passage 4 （25-26八年级上·浙江温州·阶段检测）Jack is a middle school student. He loves 1 (listen) to music. He used to wear his headphones (耳机) while riding his bike to school. His mother often warned him not to do that, but Jack 2 (simple) turned a deaf ear. One day, Jack was riding his bike to school 3 a pair of headphones on his head as usual. Soon, Jack 4 (come) to a crossroad. The music made 5 (he) so excited that he forgot to check if the traffic light was green and rode on. At this time, 6 car was coming towards him. After seeing Jack, the driver honked (鸣笛) to get him out of the way. 7 , Jack was enjoying the music and didn’t pay attention to the things around him. As a result, the car hit Jack before the driver could stop it. The driver was very worried. He quickly got out of the car 8 (see) if (是否) Jack was OK. One of the wheels (轮子) of the car ran over Jack’s foot, but luckily he was not badly hurt. After Jack realised what had happened, he regretted not listening to his mother. Since then, Jack has become much 9 (careful) than before, and he has never used headphones on the road again. When you are on the road, you should pay much attention to traffic 10 (light). Safety always comes first. 【答案】1．listening 2．simply 3．with 4．came 5．him 6．a 7．However 8．to see 9．more careful 10．lights 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学生Jack习惯骑车戴耳机，不听妈妈的警告，最终因沉浸在音乐中未注意交通状况而遭遇交通事故的经历。通过Jack的经历，告诫人们在路上应专注于交通安全，遵守交通规则，时刻将安全放在首位。 1．句意：Jack是一名中学生，他喜欢听音乐。考查固定搭配“love doing sth.”，意为“喜欢做某事”，表示长期的爱好；因此这里应用listen的动名词形式 listening。故填listening。 2．句意：他妈妈经常警告他不要那样做，但Jack只是置若罔闻。此处需要用副词修饰动词短语“turned a deaf ear”，simple是形容词，其副词形式为simply，意为 “仅仅、简直”，符合语境。故填simply。 3．句意：一天，Jack像往常一样，戴着一副耳机骑自行车去学校。考查with的复合结构“with +宾语+介词短语”，此处“with a pair of headphones on his head”表示伴随状态，说明Jack骑车时的状态，符合语法和语境。故填with。 4．句意：很快，Jack来到了一个十字路口。文章整体为一般过去时，come的过去式是came。故填came。 5．句意：音乐让他如此兴奋，以至于他忘了看交通灯是否是绿灯就继续骑。考查固定搭配“make sb. +形容词”，意为“使某人……”，此处sb.作“made”的宾语，因此要用he的宾格形式him。故填him。 6．句意：这时，一辆车正朝他驶来。此处泛指“一辆汽车”，且“car”是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7．句意：然而，Jack正在享受音乐，没有注意周围的情况。上文“After seeing Jack, the driver honked to get him out of the way.”和下文“Jack was enjoying the music and didn’t pay attention to the things around him.”是转折关系，即司机鸣笛提醒，但是Jack没注意到；空格后有逗号，这里应用however“然而”表转折，且位于句首首字母要大写，符合语境和语法要求。故填However。 8．句意：他迅速下车看看Jack是否还好。此处用动词不定式to see作目的状语，说明司机下车的目的是查看Jack的情况，符合逻辑。故填to see。 9．句意：从那以后，Jack变得比以前细心多了，而且再也没有在路上戴过耳机了。根据空格后“than before”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式，careful比较级为more careful“更细心的”。故填more careful。 10．句意：当你在路上时，你应该多注意交通信号灯。交通信号灯通常不止一个，且此处是泛指，需用复数形式lights。故填lights。 Passage 5 （25-26九年级上·辽宁铁岭·期中）Wild camping is becoming popular all over the world. What is wild camping? It is an overnight stay, not at a campsite — finding 1 suitable location in the wild that allows you to be close to nature. If you enjoy 2 (spend) time outdoors and show great interest 3 wild camping, you should pay attention to some 4 (rule). ►Try to camp away from houses or farms. ►Be prepared to move on if you 5 (ask) to leave. Being friendly and polite can help you stay out of trouble. ►Leave nothing behind. Always remember 6 (clean) up any mess you have made and pick up the litter you see. ►Don’t make a camp fire. It is 7 (danger) because it may cause a wildfire. Use a stove (炉子) 8 (careful), and make sure that you won’t burn any grass. ►Take care of your “personal waste”. Perhaps there 9 (be) no toilets in the wild. But it doesn’t mean that you can go anywhere. You should keep away from open water. You may wonder 10 wild camping is safe. Well, if you do it correctly, your safety can be ensured. Always let someone know where you are, what you are doing and when you will return. If you don’t feel safe, or if you prefer to have a shower and toilet, perhaps wild camping isn’t for you. Head towards a campsite instead. 【答案】1．a 2．spending 3．in 4．rules 5．are asked 6．to clean 7．dangerous 8．carefully 9．are 10．if 【导语】本文介绍了野外露营的定义、基本规则和安全注意事项。 【详解】1．句意：这是一次过夜，而不是在露营地——在野外找一个合适的地方，让你接近大自然。泛指“一个合适的地方”，suitable以辅音音素开头，此处用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。enjoy doing“喜欢做某事”为固定搭配。故填spending。 3．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。show interest in“对……感兴趣”为固定搭配。故填in。 4．句意：如果你喜欢花时间在户外，并对野外露营表现出极大的兴趣，你应该注意一些规则。some后接可数名词复数rules“规则”。故填rules。 5．句意：如果你被要求离开，准备好继续前进。主语you与ask构成被动关系，含if的条件状语从句，主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，you后用be动词are，ask的过去分词形式asked。故填are asked。 6．句意：永远记得清理你制造的任何脏乱，捡起你看到的垃圾。remember to do“记得要做某事”为固定搭配。故填to clean。 7．句意：这很危险，因为它可能引发野火。系动词is后接形容词dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。 8．句意：小心使用炉子。修饰动词use用副词carefully“小心地”。故填carefully。 9．句意：可能野外没有厕所。there be句型中主语toilets为复数，be动词用are。故填are。 10．句意：你可能想知道野外露营是否安全。根据“You may wonder ... wild camping is safe.”可推出想知道野外露营是否安全，用if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。故填if。 Passage 6 （24-25八年级上·四川绵阳·期末）语法填空：阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Bill, one of my classmates, bought some 1 from a supermarket last weekend. He bought some beef, pork, chicken, fruits and vegetables. Because it was his 2 (sixteen) birthday, he wanted to have a big birthday party at home. He invited most of his 3 (classmate) to share the food together. But after they had the food, all of 4 (they) didn’t feel well. They got poisoned (中毒) and had stomachaches. Then they were sent to the 5 nearby at once.The doctor there looked them over 6 (careful), then said the food they ate were poisonous. The doctor gave them some injections (打针) and some 7 (medicine) for them to take at home. They were out of danger at last. But it was very dangerous. If they weren’t sent to the hospital 8 time, they would have the danger of dying. From this accident we realize the importance of food safety. I hope all of us can pay more attention to it. If everyone can 9 something to stop it, there will be 10 (little) food safety problems in our society. And I think the government should do something to stop the problem, too. 【答案】1．food 2．sixteenth 3．classmates 4．them 5．hospital 6．carefully 7．medicine 8．in 9．do 10．fewer 【导语】本文主要讲述了Bill过生日邀请同学来家里吃饭，他们因食用超市买来的有毒食物而中毒的事件，强调了食品安全的重要性。 【详解】1．句意：Bill是我的同学之一，他上周末从超市买了一些食物。根据“He bought some beef, pork, chicken, fruits and vegetables.”可知，此处指买了一些食物，food“食物”，不可数名词。故填food。 2．句意：因为那天是他的十六岁生日，他想在家里举办一个大型生日派对。此处指第十六个生日，表示顺序，应用sixteen的序数词形式sixteenth。故填sixteenth。 3．句意：他邀请了他的大多数同学一起分享食物。most修饰可数名词复数，classmate的复数形式为classmates，故填classmates。 4．句意：但是他们吃完食物后，所有人都感觉不舒服。of为介词，后跟人称代词宾格，they的宾格形式为them。故填them。 5．句意：然后他们立刻被送往附近的医院。根据“They got poisoned (中毒) and had stomachaches.”结合常识可知，中毒应该送去医院，hospital“医院”，此处应用单数形式。故填hospital。 6．句意：那里的医生仔细检查了他们，然后说他们吃的食物有毒。“looked over”为动词短语，应用副词修饰，careful的副词形式为carefully。故填carefully。 7．句意：医生给他们打了一些针，并给了他们一些药让他们在家服用。some修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数，medicine在此处表示不可数含义。故填medicine。 8．句意：如果他们没有及时被送往医院，他们会有生命危险。in time“及时”，介词短语。故填in。 9．句意：如果每个人都能做些什么来阻止它，我们社会中的食品安全问题将会更少。根据“If everyone can…something to stop it”可知，此处指做些什么，do“做”，can为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填do。 10．句意：如果每个人都能做些什么来阻止它，我们社会中的食品安全问题将会更少。根据“there will be…food safety problems in our society.”及所给单词可知，此处表示食品安全问题会更少，表示比较级含义，且“food safety problems”为复数形式，应用fewer。故填fewer。 Passage 7 （22-23八年级上·湖北恩施·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is very important for us 1 (live) and work safely. In China, safety education (安全教育) is 2 (become) more and more important now. Students had better learn to keep 3 (they) safe. Stampedes (踩踏) and 4 (fire) are the main accidents. Maybe students usually meet these accidents. How can we protect ourselves 5 the accidents? A stampede always 6 (happen) in crowded places. When students around you begin to push(推), just stand there and try to hold on to something. 7 you fall down, move to one side and protect your head with your two hands around it. When there’s a fire, try to leave the building as 8 (quick) as possible. It is better to cover your mouth and nose with something wet. If you 9 (not) do like this, the fire and smoke may hurt you easily. Remember, the 10 important thing is to stay calm in a fire. 【答案】1．to live 2．becoming 3．themselves 4．fires 5．from 6．happens 7．If 8．quickly 9．don’t 10．most 【导语】本文主要是有关安全教育的知识。 【详解】1．句意：对我们来说，安全生活和工作是非常重要的。It is important for sb do do sth“对某人来说做某事是重要的”，动词不定式作主语。故填to live。 2．句意：在中国，安全教育现在变得越来越重要。根据is和语境可知，句子是现在进行时，动词用现在分词。故填becoming。 3．句意：学生们最好学会保护自己的安全。根据“Students had better learn to keep...(they) safe.”可知，学生们要保护好自己的安全，应用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。 4．句意：踩踏和火灾是主要的事故。根据“the main accidents.”可知，指的是火灾，fire应用复数形式，故填fires。 5．句意：我们如何保护自己免受事故的伤害？protect sb from sth“保护某人免受某事伤害”，是固定表达。故填from。 6．句意：人多的地方经常发生踩踏事件。根据“always”可知，句子是一般现在时，主语是单数，动词用单三形式。故填happens。 7．句意：如果你摔倒了，向一边移动，用双手保护你的头。根据“you fall down, move to one side and protect your head with your two hands around it.”可知，前半句是后句的条件，此处可以用if引导条件状语从句，首字母大写。故填If。 8．句意：当发生火灾时，尽量尽快离开大楼。空处修饰前面动词，应用副词形式，故填quickly。 9．句意：如果你不这样做，火和烟可能很容易伤害你。if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，否定句助动词用don’t。故填don’t。 10．句意：记住，在火灾中最重要的是保持冷静。根据“the...important thing”可知，此处用形容词最高级，应用the most important，故填most。 Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·河北邢台·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 I’m Henry, a middle school student. Last Sunday evening, my parents went out for a walk with my sister. But I studied alone at home because I would have an English test. All of a sudden, I saw bright light in my neighbour’s kitchen. I thought he was cooking, so I went on studying. Soon, there was a terrible smell in the air and I thought something was wrong. I went out and saw fire coming out of my neighbour’ s kitchen. So I shouted “Fire! Fire!” But no one heard or came out. I ran quickly to my house to call 911, and then I rang (响起铃声) my neighbour’s doorbell, knocked at the door, but there was no answer. I got into the house through the window and found my neighbour sleeping in his bedroom. I woke him up and we rushed out of the house together. We tried our best to pour water through the kitchen window, but the fire was too heavy. Luckily, the firemen came and put out the fire quickly. When my parents came back, they found I was dirty and tired. After my neighbour told them the whole story, my mother hugged (拥抱) me and said, “Thank goodness you’ re safe! We’ re so proud of you.” Then my father added, “You did the right things tonight, son. From now on, we all have to be careful about fire safety at home.” 1．Why didn’ t Henry go out for a walk with his parents? 2．What did Henry think at first when he saw a bright light in his neighbour’s kitchen? 3．What did Henry do to help his neighbour before he got into the house through the window? (列举两条) 4．Who put out the fire at last? 5．开放性设问 What can we learn from Henry’s behavior (行为)? 【答案】1．He studied for an English test./He would have an English test. 2．He thought his neighbour was cooking. 3．He shouted “Fire! Fire!”, called 911, rang his neighbour’s doorbell and knocked at the door. (列出两条即可) 4．The firemen. 5．We should stay calm and help others in danger. (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中学生Henry在家备考英语测试时，发现邻居厨房起火并机智施救、最终化险为夷的故事，同时传递了消防安全与紧急情况下冷静应对的道理。 1．根据第一段“Last Sunday evening, my parents went out for a walk with my sister. But I studied alone at home because I would have an English test.” 可知，Henry没有和父母散步是因为他要在家准备英语考试。 2．根据第一段“All of a sudden, I saw bright light in my neighbour’s kitchen. I thought he was cooking.”可知，Henry最初看到邻居厨房有亮光时，以为邻居在做饭。 3．根据第二段“So I shouted “Fire! Fire!”及第三段“So I ran quickly to my house to call 911, and then I rang my neighbour’s doorbell, knocked at the door” 可知，Henry翻窗进屋前做的事有大喊“火！火”、拨打911、按门铃并敲门，列举两件即可。 4．根据第四段“Luckily, the firemen came and put out the fire quickly.” 可知，最终是消防员扑灭了大火。 5．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，需结合Henry的行为提炼启示。 示例答案：We should stay calm and help others in danger.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可） Passage 9 （25-26九年级上·河北保定·期末）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Knowing some safety rules can help protect you. As you can see in the pie chart (饼状图) on the right, accidents happen in different places. Just learn rules to stay safe in different places. Safety Rules in Different Places At home There are possible dangers in your daily life. Always keep the floor dry, especially in the kitchen and the bathroom. Instead of charging (充电) your phone all night, take it off after it reaches 100%. You must use fire and knives carefully when cooking. At school Accidents also happen at school, so it is important to follow these rules. You must not run in the corridors (走廊) or push others. You may hurt others! Do not bring dangerous things like knives to school. In PE lessons, always follow your teacher’s instructions. In the science lab, you have to know how to do experiments correctly. In public places You need to be careful everywhere you go. Always take good care of your personal things like your phone and wallet. When you walk or ride a bike, do not wear headphones or you can’t know what’s happening around you. You are not allowed to go swimming without parents. Be sure to swim in the swimming pools. You mustn’t swim in lakes or rivers. 1．According to the pie chart above, where do accidents happen most? 2．Where should you especially keep the floor dry? 3．What mustn’t you bring to school according to the text? 4．Why shouldn’t you wear headphones when walking or riding a bike? 5．What other safety rule can you give to students to follow at school? (Your safety rule should be different from the ones in the text.) 【答案】1．At home. 2．In the kitchen and the bathroom. 3．Dangerous things like knives. 4．Because you can’t know what’s happening around you. 5．Always keep your classroom aisles clear of schoolbags. 【导语】本文主要介绍了不同场景下的一些安全规则，包括日常生活场所、学校以及外出时的安全注意事项等，目的是帮助人们保护自身安全。 1．根据“As you can see in the pie chart (饼状图) on the right, accidents happen in different places. Just learn rules to stay safe in different places. ”以及后文对在家、在学校、在公共场所安全规则的详细阐述，结合饼状图相关内容可知，事故在家发生得最多。故填At home. 2．根据“Always keep the floor dry, especially in the kitchen and the bathroom.”可知，要尤其保持厨房和浴室的地板干燥。故填In the kitchen and the bathroom. 3．根据“Do not bring dangerous things like knives to school.”可知，根据文本，不能带像刀子这类危险物品到学校。故填Dangerous things like knives. 4．根据“When you walk or ride a bike, do not wear headphones or you can’t know what’s happening around you.”可知，走路或骑自行车时不戴耳机是因为不知道周围发生了什么。故填Because you can’t know what’s happening around you. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Always keep your classroom aisles clear of schoolbags. Passage 10 （24-25八年级下·河北唐山·期中）阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 Traffic (交通) accidents happen a lot. When we hear about a traffic accident, we want to know what caused it. Did the driver or the bike rider make a mistake? In other accidents, maybe there was something wrong with the car or the bike. Did a person, a dog, or another animal suddenly cross the road? Was it the weather or something else? Often there’s more than one thing that causes a traffic accident. In some traffic accidents, the driver or the bike rider was talking on the phone. Maybe he or she was not following the traffic rules, such as not stopping at a red light. Or was the accident someone else’s mistake? Or the driver or the bike rider suddenly became sick. In fact, it’s impossible to have no traffic accidents. So what can we do to have fewer accidents and keep ourselves out of danger? First, we should be careful when we drive or ride a bike. Following the traffic rules is the most important. Second, we should be sure to use safety equipment (安全设备), like child safety seats. In the event of an accident, safety equipment can save lives. Finally, we should take good care of our cars and bikes to make sure they work well. It’s true that we can’t stop all accidents from happening. But being careful, following traffic rules, and using safety equipment are things that can help. 1．What do we want to know when we hear a traffic accident? 2．What is the most important for drivers and riders? 3．What safety equipment is mentioned (被提到) in the text? 4．How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to have fewer accidents? 5．As students, how can we keep safe when walking on the road? 【答案】1．What caused the traffic accident. 2．Following the traffic rules. 3．Child safety seats. 4．Three. 5．Follow traffic rules and be careful. 【导语】本文主要讲述了交通事故的常见原因以及如何减少交通事故的建议。 【详解】1．根据“When we hear a traffic accident, we want to know what caused it.”可知，当我们听到交通事故时，我们想知道是什么导致了它。故填What caused the traffic accident. 2．根据“Following the traffic rules is the most important.”可知，司机和骑行者最重要的是遵守交通规则。故填Following the traffic rules. 3．根据“Second, we should be sure to use safety equipment (安全设备), like child safety seats.”可知，文中提到的安全设备是儿童安全座椅。故填Child safety seats. 4．根据“First, we should be careful when we drive or ride a bike.”，“Second, we should be sure to use safety equipment (安全设备), like child safety seats.”和“Finally, we should take good care of our cars and bikes to make sure they work well.”可知，作者给出了三条建议。故填Three. 5．开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为Follow traffic rules and be careful. 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