UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ-（配套教参Word版）【创新教程·五维课堂】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册同步讲义（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦“灾难”主题，系统梳理核心词汇（如disaster, rescue, damage等含词形变化）、短语（in ruins, come to an end等）及句型（定语从句、as if表语从句、with复合结构），构建从基础词汇到语法应用的递进学习支架。 该资料以“词汇精讲（感知-拓展-应用）+句式精析+情境练习”为特色，通过rescue等词汇的即学活用提升语言能力，as if虚拟语气分析培养思维品质，地震主题完形填空增强学习能力，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅱ　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking(Ⅱ) [重点单词] 1．　disaster　 n．灾难；灾害 2．　drought　 n．旱灾；久旱 3．　flood　 n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使……灌满水；淹没 4．　rescue　 n．& vt.营救；救援 5．　damage　 vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失 6．　destroy　 vt.摧毁；毁灭 7．　shelter　 n．避难所；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8．　crack　 n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂 9．　brick　 n．砖；砖块 10．　trap　 vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 11．　bury　 vt.埋葬；安葬 12．　effort　 n．努力；尽力；艰难的尝试 13．　unify　 vt.& vi.统一；(使)成一体 14．　context　 n．上下文；语境；背景 15．　survivor　 n．幸存者；生还者→　survive　 vt.& vi.幸存；生存；存活→　survival　 n．幸存；存活 16．　death　 n．死；死亡→　die　 vi.死亡→　dead　 adj.死亡了的；死去的 17．　affect　 vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→　effect　 n．影响；结果 18．　shock　 n．震惊；休克　vt.使震惊→　shocking　 adj.令人震惊的；可怕的→　shocked　 adj.震惊的；惊愕的 19．　breathe　 vt.& vi.呼吸→　breath　 n．呼吸 20．　revive　 vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→　revival　 n．振兴；复苏 21．　wisdom　 n．智慧；才智→　wise　 adj.有智慧的；聪明的 [重点短语] 1．　as usual　　像往常一样 2．　as if　　仿佛；好像 3．　come to an end　　终结；走向末日 4．　in ruins　　严重受损；破败不堪 5．　blow...away　　把……吹走 6．　instead of　　而不是 7．　in shock　　震惊；吃惊 8．　cut across　　把……从中间折断 9．　fall down　　掉落；倒塌 10．　get up on one's feet　　站起来；恢复过来 [重点句型] 1．There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. [句式精析] that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词cracks. 试译：　井壁上出现了很多深深的裂缝。　 2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! [句式精析] as if 引导的表语从句。 试译：　世界仿佛到了末日！　 3．The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. [句式精析] who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people. 试译：　在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到40多万。　 4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. [句式精析] who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those. 试译：　地震刚刚过去，部队就往唐山派出150,000名战士去将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。　 词汇精讲 1．(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the floodhit area? 那些救援人员和战士们正在洪涝灾区做什么？　　rescue　 vt.& n. 援救；营救 ◆[佳句感知] (1)Her responsibility，her privilege，would be to rescue it. 她的责任，她的荣耀将是拯救它(独家音乐)。 (2)He rescued a child from drowning. 他救起了一名落水儿童。 (3)We had given up hope of rescue. 我们已放弃了获救的希望。 [归纳拓展]　rescue sb./sth.from...　把某人/某物从……中营救出来 come/go to one's rescue＝rescue sb.　援救某人 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①You rescued me 　from　 an embarrassing situation. 完成句子 ②The firemen 　rescued a baby from　 the burning house. 消防队员从失火的房子里救出一个婴儿。 ③All the people nearby 　came/went to her rescue　 when hearing her cry for help. 周围所有的人听到她的呼救声都来营救她。 2．(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? 在首尔，哪些建筑物受损了？　damage n．& vt.损失；损害 ◆[佳句感知] (1)The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. 如织的人群有可能损害那里的美景。 (2)The storm didn't do much damage. 暴风雨并未造成多大损失。 (3)Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟会严重损害你的健康。 [归纳拓展]　do/cause damage to...　对……造成损害 damage one's health　损害某人的健康 ◆[佳句背诵] My second suggestion is that you should not damage your health for a good figure. 我的第二个建议是你不应该为了好身材而损害健康。 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Several cars 　were damaged　(damage)in the crash. ②The heavy rain has done/caused great damage 　to　 the crops. 完成句子 ③As we all know，eating too much fat will 　damage our health.　 众所周知，摄入太多脂肪会损害我们的健康。 3．(教材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛到了世界末日！　come to an end 结束；终结 ◆[佳句感知] (1)By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study. 根据最新研究，如果不很快也就是到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，地球上的海洋将变得更绿更蓝。 (2)There is a large supermarket at the end of the street. 在这条街的末端有一家大型超市。 [归纳拓展]　at the end of　在……末端 by the end of　到……为止(用于完成时) in the end　最后；终于 ◆[佳句背诵] It was a relief(安慰)that the rainstorm soon came to an end. ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①My classmate waited for me 　at　 the end of the street. 完成句子 ②　By the end of next month，　they will have graduated from this famous university. 下个月月底，他们将从这所著名的大学毕业了。 ③　In the end　 we persuaded him to help us. 最终，我们说服他帮我们的忙。 4．(教材P50)In less than one minute，a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间内，一座大城市成为了废墟。　ruin n. 废墟；毁灭　vt.毁灭；使破产 ◆[佳句感知] (1)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? 乞力马扎罗山真的应该得到游人如织，破坏了其平和景象的拥挤山脉这一名声吗？ (2)The bad weather ruined our trip. 天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。 (3)Years of fighting have left the country in ruins. 几年的战乱使这个国家满目疮痍。 [归纳拓展]　(1)be/lie in ruins　成为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin　成为废墟；毁灭 (2)ruin one's hope/health　毁掉某人的希望/健康 ruin oneself　自我毁灭 ◆[佳句背诵] After the earthquake，a village which was once so attractive was in ruins. 地震过后，一个曾经迷人的村庄沦为废墟。 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Ever since the earthquake，this temple has been 　in　 ruins. ②A large number of churches fell/came 　into　 ruin after the big flood. ③Heavy smoking may ruin 　yourself　(you)，so you should give it up as soon as possible. 完成句子 ④The little mistake 　ruined his chance of getting the job.　 这个小错误毁掉了他得到这份工作的机会。 5．(教材P50)Twothirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. 在那儿居住的人当中，三分之二的人死去或受伤。　injure vt.损害；伤害 ◆[佳句感知] (1)The injured were immediately taken to the nearest hospital. 伤者马上被送到了最近的医院。 (2)Five of the ten were injured in the accident. 在车祸中，那十个人中五个受伤了。 [归纳拓展]　(1)injured adj.　受伤的；受委屈的 the injured　伤员 (2)injury n．　伤；伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb.　伤害某人 ◆[佳句背诵] But now，because my left foot was injured in the football game，I can't go with you as planned. ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Believe it or not，what you said just now 　injured　(injure)his pride. ②The injured 　were sent　(send)to the nearest hospital right away after the accident. ③What's your attitude to the fact that he did an 　injury　(injure)to his friends? 6．(教材P50)People were in shock. 人们惊呆了。　shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊 ◆[佳句感知] (1)The news came，shocking everyone in the room. 消息传来，使房间里的每个人都感到震惊。 (2)The news came as a shock to us all. 消息传来，我们都感到震惊。 [归纳拓展]　(1)be a shock to...　使……震惊 (2)shocked adj.　感到震惊的 be shocked by/at...　对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth.　因做某事而感到震惊 be shocked that...　对……感到震惊 (3)shocking adj.　令人震惊的 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①His situation was a great shock 　to　 us all. ②I was shocked 　to hear　(hear)the news that he had been fired. ③The ending of this play is very 　shocking　(shock)． 一句多译 这个消息让会上的人们很是震惊。 ④The news made 　the people at the meeting very shocked.　 ⑤The people at the meeting 　were shocked at/by the news.　 7．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震刚刚过去，部队就往唐山派出150,000名战士去将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。　(1)trap vt.使陷入困境　n．陷阱；困境 ◆[佳句感知] I am sorry for my coming late again，but I was trapped in traffic on my way here. 很抱歉我又迟到了，但在我来这里的路上堵车了。 [归纳拓展]　be trapped in　被困在……中，陷在……中 trap sb.into (doing)sth.　诱骗某人(做)某事 set a trap for　给……设圈套 fall/walk into a trap　落入圈套 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①When the accident happened，they 　were trapped　(trap)in the lift. ②If you walk into the forest，you're likely to fall/walk 　into　 a trap. 完成句子 ③The man 　trapped the little boy into entering　 the building. 这个人骗这个小男孩进入了这座楼房。 高级表达 ④When the young man was trapped in the building，he felt very helpless.(改为非谓语动词作状语) →　Trapped in the building，　the young man felt very helpless. (2)bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ◆[佳句感知] He always buries himself in books in his spare time. 课余时间，他总是读书。 [归纳拓展]　bury one's face/head in one's hands　用手捂住脸/头 埋头于/专心于…… ◆[佳句背诵] Buried in his books，he didn't know it was raining outside. ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ⑤Since his wife left，he has buried himself 　in　 his work. ⑥The girl was sitting there，　burying　(bury)her face in her hands. 一句多译 由于埋头于功课，他对外面的事情一无所知。 ⑦　As he was buried in his lessons，　he knew nothing about the outside world.(as引导原因状语从句) ⑧　Buried in his lessons，　he knew nothing about the outside world.(过去分词短语作状语) 8．(教材P50)With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的全力帮助和城市居民的不懈努力下，一个崭新的唐山正在地震遗留的废墟上崛起。　effort n．努力；尽力；艰难的尝试 ◆[佳句感知] ...but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off. ……但是坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局作出的努力看起来获得了成功。 [归纳拓展]　beyond effort　力所不及 in a common effort　共同努力 make an/every effort　尽力 spare no effort　不遗余力；尽力 without effort　毫不费力 [温馨提示] 表示“作出努力”，通常用make an effort这样的形式，该结构中的不定冠词(an)也可根据情况换成another，every，one more，no等限定词，但不能没有限定词。effort后接动词，通常用不定式，有时也用“at＋动名词”。如： (1)The doctors and nurses spared no effort in fighting COVID19. 在抗击新冠肺炎中，医生和护士不遗余力。 (2)He made every effort to get (at getting)it. 他竭尽全力想得到它。 ◆[佳句背诵] As we all know，without efforts nothing can be achieved. ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①A lot of effort 　has　(have)gone into making this event a success. ②The local clubs are making every effort 　to interest　(interest)more young people. ③Every effort 　had been made　(make)，but the doctors still wasn't able to save the boy's life. 完成句子 ④The government is determined to 　spare no effort　 in investigating this case thoroughly. 政府决定不遗余力地彻底调查这个案子。 [句式精析] 1．(教材P50)It seemed 　as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！　 ◆[句式分析] as if＝as though“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。 [归纳拓展]　(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的，从句要用陈述语气。 (2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时，从句要用虚拟语气。 ①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。②如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。 ③如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it 　is　(be)going to rain. ②He treats me as if I 　were　(be)his own daughter. ③They talked as if/though they 　had been　(be)friends for years. 2．(教材P50)The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，　with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment.　 这座新的城市已经是七百多万人共同的家园，在交通，工业以及环境方面都有了极大的提升。　◆[句式分析] 本句为一个主从复合句。句中的with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment为with的复合结构作状语。with的复合结构作状语还有以下几种情况： (1)with＋宾语＋doing...(doing表主动或正在进行的动作) (2)with＋宾语＋done(done表被动或已完成的动作) (3)with＋宾语＋to do...(to do表示将来的动作) (4)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv. ◆[即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①With drink and food 　running　(run)out，the prisoner had to walk out of the cave where he was hiding. 完成句子 ②In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a wooden table 　with a pile of books on it.　 在图片中，我们可以看到一个男孩穿着破旧的衣服，坐在一张上面有一堆书的木桌旁。 ③　With a lot of work to do，　he has no time to keep in touch with his old classmates. 有很多的工作要做，他没有时间和以前的老同学保持联系。 对应课时作业P213 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．In order to catch the bear，some villagers set a 　trap　(陷阱) and covered it with some leaves. 2．Those kinds of changes could 　affect　(影响)the food chain. 3．The building was now 　buried　(掩埋)under two meters of soil. 4．It is an area where natural 　disasters　(灾难)often happen. 5．They were 　shocked　(震惊的)at the news that he was killed in the accident. 6．　Breathing　(呼吸) deeply now and then is good for your health. 7．I spent hours cleaning the house，but there isn't much to show for all my 　efforts　(努力)． 8．Jack had to drop out of the race because his foot was seriously 　injured　(受伤的) halfway. 9．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely 　destroyed　(破坏)． 10．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours，the police sent out a 　rescue　(营救) team to look for them. Ⅱ.短语填空 1．It was reported that an American couple had 　dug out　(挖出) a lot of gold coins from their own yard. 2．The city lay 　in ruins　(成为废墟) after the earthquake.Now，rows of houses are being built. 3．The meeting was 　coming to an end　(结束)when I reached the meeting room. 4．　The number of　(……的数量)visitors coming to the exhibition has reached one million so far. 5．He acts 　as if　(仿佛)he knew me. 6．He gathered all his strength to 　blow away　(吹走)the dust from the table. 7．The survivors were 　in shock　(震惊)，wondering how long the disaster would last. 8．That day he went to work out in the gym 　as usual　(和往常一样)． 9．Let's 　think of　(考虑)some questions about life. 10．They 　set up　(设立)schools，factories and hospitals in this poor area. 11．She 　went through　(经历)many things and suffered a lot at an early age. 12．If you can't keep fit，you will often 　suffer from　(遭受……之苦)your weak body. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．We were rescued 　from　 the sinking ship by a passing boat. 2．(全国Ⅱ)Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it 　ruined　(ruin)an entire day? 3．The big fire caused great damage 　to　 the building built last year. 4．What he told us was a 　shocking　 story，which made us all 　shocked　.(shock) 5．The boy walked slowly as 　if/though　 he had hurt his leg. 6．He was trying to save the girl 　trapped　(trap)in the burning house. 7．Cheer up！The world is not coming 　to　 an end! 8．With a local guide 　leading　(lead)the way，we had no difficulty in finding that small village. 9．So heavy was the rain that we had to take shelter 　from　 it in the supermarket. 10．　Burying　(bury)himself in the newspaper，he didn't notice what was happening. Ⅳ.翻译句子 1．大批饥民涌入了这个地区。(flood into) 　Large numbers of hungry people flooded into the area.　 2．当他听到一个女孩的哭喊声时，匆忙跑过去帮忙。(go to one's rescue) 　He went to her rescue hurriedly when he heard a girl's cry.　 3．饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。(do damage to) 　Drinking and smoking can do damage to your health.　 4．我们本该有足够的钱赖以生存。(survive on) 　We should have enough money to survive on.　 5．我正在考虑买辆新汽车。(think of) 　I'm thinking of buying a new car.　 6．他吃惊地抬头看着老师。(in shock) 　He looked up at his teacher in shock.　 7．他每天都埋头读书。(be buried in) 　He is buried in reading every day.　 8．你一个人穿过这片森林能行吗？(go through) 　Can you go through the forest by yourself？　 9．他的健康将会受到这种疾病的严重影响。(be affected by) 　His health will be badly affected by this disease.　 10．政府建立一个大的庇护所来收容幸存者。(set up) 　The government set up a big shelter to accept the survivors.　 Ⅰ.完形填空 I found the bed shaking，gently at first.Because I was half asleep and not a native，I just thought it was nothing serious. Sitting up，I turned on the bedside lamp.It was 3：34 am.　____1____　，my 14thfloor Santiago Hotel room came alive，like an 　____2____　 animal shaking a smaller one in its teeth.Then the lights went out.The noise was more 　____3____　 in the dark.　____4____　 began to control me.As I pulled myself to standing，I couldn't help 　____5____　 that I might not see my husband and sons again. In a hurry I opened the 　____6____　 of my room and expected to find people.But surprisingly，there was no one about.My mind was 　____7____　 crazily，but I didn't even call for help.Luckily，a middleaged man 　____8____　.He just said，“We should go 　____9____　.” I said “Okay” and followed him to the stairs.On a lower floor I joined in a river of people and walked our way outside to the tennis courts，where a crowd of several hundred were standing.Some were crying；all were weak.Then I noticed that a woman was about to fall down and immediately I went to 　____10____　 her.When I looked around and saw frightened children in parents' arms，my selfish thought was to thank God that my 　____11____　 weren't here. Soon hotel staff were setting up chairs and passing around bottled water.They offered us tablecloths to wrap around ourselves against the night 　____12____　 and shoes for people whose feet were bare.They seemed very 　____13____　 while in fact they too must be afraid. We all felt 　____14____　 to be alive，but as 　____15____　 our relief was mixed with guilt for we soon learned that the 8.8magnitude earthquake had left many dead and others homeless and that tsunamis(海啸)were on the way. 1．A.Gradually　　　　 B．Suddenly C．Secretly D．Recently 2．A.angry B．active C．ugly D．honest 3．A.frightening B．shocking C．disappointing D．tiring 4．A.Excitement B．Panic C．Joy D．Anger 5．A.dreaming B．hoping C．expecting D．thinking 6．A.curtain B．window C．door D．shelter 7．A.bending B．crying C．failing D．flying 8．A.came up B．went through C．cared about D．walked away 9．A.inside B．upstairs C．downstairs D．around 10．A.persuade B．comfort C．support D．ignore 11．A.relatives B．brothers C．friends D．kids 12．A.coldness B．warmth C．darkness D．loneliness 13．A.proud B．sure C．upset D．calm 14．A.excited B．lucky C．determined D．confident 15．A.visitors B．reporters C．survivors D．rescuers [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己在一场8.8级地震中的切身经历。 1．B　[上文说“我”原本以为没什么大问题，再结合空后的“my 14thfloor Santiago Hotel room came alive”可知，这是“突然”发生的事情。] 2．A　[根据空后的“animal shaking a smaller one in its teeth”可知，酒店房间像一个“恼怒的”动物用牙晃动一个小的动物。] 3．A　[由上文说灯突然熄灭可知，黑暗中的噪音变得更“可怕”。] 4．B　[由上文内容可知，剧烈的晃动、突然熄灭的灯及黑暗中的噪音让“我”感到“恐慌”。] 5．D　[根据空后的“that I might not see my husband and sons again.”可知，“我”不禁“想”可能见不到“我”的丈夫和儿子了。] 6．C　[根据空后的“expected to find people.”可知，“我”打开了房“门”。] 7．B　[根据空后的“but I didn't even call for help.”可知，“我”的思想在拼命地“呼救”。] 8．A　[根据空后的“He just said”可知，幸运地是，一个中年人“走了过来”。] 9．C　[根据空后的“followed him to the stairs.On a lower floor I joined in a river of people and walked our way outside to the tennis courts”可知，中年男子说“我们”应该“下楼”。] 10．C　[根据本空前的“Then I noticed that a woman was about to fall down and immediately I went to”可知，“我”去“撑住”那个快要摔倒的妇女。] 11．D　[根据本空前的“When I looked around and saw frightened children in parents' arms”可知，“我”庆幸自己的“孩子”没在现场。] 12．A　[根据本空前的“tablecloths to wrap around ourselves against the night”可知，用桌布裹在身上以抵御“寒冷”。] 13．D　[根据空后的“while in fact they too must be afraid.”可知，工作人员一定也很害怕，虽然他们表现得很“镇定”。] 14．B　[根据空后的“to be alive”可知，我们很“庆幸”还活着。] 15．C　[根据空后内容可知，我们是8.8级地震的“幸存者”。] Ⅱ.语法填空 It was the ambition of an elevenyearold boy in Kansas City to be an engine driver.Born without arms，he had been sent to special schools 1.　where　 he learned to use his 2.　feet　(foot)as“hands”．He spent all his spare time 3.　watching　(watch)trains and one day his dream came 4.　true　(truth)．Seeing a deserted engine，the boy climbed in，he had no 5.　difficulty　(difficult)in starting it up with his feet.Soon he was traveling along 6.　at　 forty miles an hour.Signal men could not see the young driver，so they set out 7.　to stop　(stop)the train.Meanwhile the boy reached Missouri，stopped the engine himself，and then 8.　made　(make)it go backwards.When he was near home，a railwayman caught up with the engine and stopped it.At first，he was very angry，but he smiled when the boy said 9.　simply　(simple)，“I like trains.”“Well，I'm glad you don't like planes！”answered 10.　the　 railwayman. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $