Unit 3 Getting along with others 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语译林版必修第一册

Unit 3 Getting along with others 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：https://leverageedu.com/discover/school-education/essay-on-friendship） Friendships In this vast world, there are a number of people we meet every day, but there are some people who stay with us for a lifetime. The term for those people is “Friends” and the emotion that sustains them is “friendship”. The word friendship may have a particular number of alphabets, but the meaning it conveys cannot be measured in numbers. The word “friendship” is more than what meets the eye. The depth it holds in terms of emotions, bonding, trust, understanding, support, communication and much more is unparalleled. At every phase of our lives, we come across people and don’t even realize the bonds that form with time. These bonds are filled with the spirit and essence of trust, honesty, support, etc, thus becoming the pillars of friendship. In every person’s life, friendship plays different roles and it is something that sustains you. Now, there are basically 2 types of friends, first ones are those who are good friends while the other ones are best friends. The best friends are the ones that we share a special bond of affection and love with. They make our lives much richer and easier In true friendship, there is no place for judgment. True friends can share anything they are feeling without the fear of being judged by the other. To put it simply, we can say that true friendship gives us a reason to become even stronger in life. Friendship makes us stronger in all aspects. No matter how much we fight with our friends, we always come back to them. This is what teaches us to understand and be patient. Without any doubt, we can conclude that there is nothing out there that is nearly as beautiful, and as strong as friendship. Lucky are those who have this blessing in their life. Forever cherish it. 【全文翻译】 友谊 在这个广阔的世界里，我们每天都会遇见许许多多的人，但其中有些人会陪伴我们一生。这些人被称作“朋友”，而维系这份情谊的情感就是“友谊”。“友谊”这个词虽然只有几个字母，但它所承载的意义却无法用数字来衡量。这两个字远不止我们表面看到的那般简单。它在情感、羁绊、信任、理解、支持、沟通等各个方面所蕴藏的深度，都是无可比拟的。在人生的每一个阶段，我们都会遇到一些人，甚至不曾察觉那些随着时间悄然结成的情谊。这些情谊充满了信任、诚实、支持等精神与本质，于是成为友谊的支柱。 在每个人的生活里，友谊扮演着不同的角色，它是一直支撑着我们的力量。大致来说，朋友有两种：一种是普通朋友，另一种是挚友。挚友是我们与之有着特殊感情和爱意的人。他们让我们的生活变得更加充实，也更加轻松。 真正的友谊里，没有评判别人的余地。真正的朋友可以毫无顾忌地倾诉自己的感受，不必担心被对方品头论足。简单来说，真正的友谊给了我们一个理由，让我们在人生中变得更加坚强。 友谊在方方面面都让我们更强大。不管跟朋友吵了多少次架，最终我们还是会回到彼此身边。这教会了我们理解与耐心。毫无疑问，我们可以说，世上没有什么比友谊更美好、更坚固的了。生命中拥有这份幸运的人，真是有福气。请永远珍惜它。 【核心词汇】 ① alphabet 字母（本文指单词由几个字母组成） ② convey 传达、表达（某种含义） ③ unparalleled 无与伦比的、无可比拟的 ④ essence 本质、精髓 ⑤ pillar 支柱、栋梁（比喻起支撑作用的东西） ⑥ sustain 支撑、维持（使持续下去） ⑦ judgment 评判、评价（尤指挑剔或指指点点） ⑧ aspects 方面、层面 ⑨ conclude 总结、得出结论 ⑩ blessing 幸事、福气、恩赐 ⑪ cherish 珍惜、珍视 【长难句分析】 1. The depth it holds in terms of emotions, bonding, trust, understanding, support, communication and much more is unparalleled. 句子长度： 共17个单词 结构特点： 主语（The depth）+ 定语从句（it holds，省略关系代词that/which）+ 介词短语作插入语（in terms of...）+ 系动词（is）+ 表语（unparalleled）。整句意为“它在情感、羁绊等方面所蕴含的深度，是无与伦比的。” 难点1： 定语从句省略关系代词 —— “it holds”前面省略了that或which，完整的写法是“The depth that it holds”。初中生习惯了关系代词作宾语时可以省略的规则，但这里省略后紧接着又出现介词短语，容易看不清句子主干，误以为it holds是主句。 难点2： in terms of 这个固定短语 —— 意思是“就……而言、在……方面”，不是字面上“在……的条款里”。如果逐字翻译，会完全走偏。 难点3： bonding 这个词 —— 在这里意为“情感纽带、亲密关系的建立”，而不是初中常见“捆绑、结合”的具体动作。它是一个抽象名词，需要结合上下文理解。 涉及超标单词： unparalleled（无与伦比的），bonding（情感联结） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： What friendship holds in terms of emotions, trust, support, and many other things is so deep that nothing else can compare with it.（友谊在情感、信任、支持等方面所拥有的东西，其深度是其他任何事物都无法比拟的。） 2. Without any doubt, we can conclude that there is nothing out there that is nearly as beautiful, and as strong as friendship. 句子长度： 共22个单词 结构特点： 介词短语（Without any doubt）作句首状语 + 主句（we can conclude）+ 宾语从句（that there is nothing...）+ 定语从句（that is...）修饰nothing + 比较状语从句（as beautiful...as friendship）。整句意为“毫无疑问，世上没有什么东西能像友谊这样美好而坚固。” 难点1： Without any doubt 是插入性短语，意为“毫无疑问”，但介词Without在这里表示“不存在”，初中生可能不熟悉这种介词短语放在句首作状语的用法，容易误以为是否定条件。 难点2： nothing out there —— 这里的 out there 是一个口语化表达，指“在这个世界上、在外面（指我们所处的环境中）”，而不是“在那边”的字面意思。初中生容易按字面理解成“在外面没有东西”，从而搞混。 难点3： as beautiful, and as strong as friendship —— 这里是双重比较结构（as...as...），而且中间用逗号和and隔开，相当于“as beautiful as friendship and as strong as friendship”。初中生可能只看到第一个as，误以为beautiful和strong是并列修饰nothing，而忽略了后面完整的比较对象friendship，导致理解成“没有什么像友谊一样美丽且坚固”还是“友谊本身美丽且坚固”的混淆。 涉及超标单词： conclude（总结、得出结论） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： We can surely say that nothing in this world is as beautiful and as strong as friendship.（我们可以肯定地说，这个世界上没有什么比友谊更美好、更坚固了。） 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Are some people more likely to have successful relationships? Are there certain personality qualities that are better suited to helping people get along with others? According to personality researchers, the answer is—sort of. To understand how personality affects relationships, we have to think about three aspects of relationships. First, we have to consider what is called “actor” effects. Actor effects refer to how people’s personalities affect the way they feel about others—whether some people just tend to get along well with others, like other people, and are happier in their relationships compared to other people. Second, we have to consider “partner” effects. Partner effects refer to how people’s personalities affect the way others feel about them—whether some people just tend to be people who others get along with better, like better, and are happier in relationships with compared to other people. Third, we have to consider “relationship” effects. Relationship effects refer to effects that are unique to specific relationships between people—whether two people uniquely get along with, like, and are happier with each other than they would be with someone else. In other words, whether some people just get along better with each other. Why do these three aspects of relationships matter for understanding how personality shapes the way we get along with others? To make sense of the role of personality, we have to think about the way people’s personalities shape each of these effects—how people’s personalities shape the way they like and get along with others (actor effect), the way others like and get along with them (partner effects), and how their personality gets along with their partner’s, to figure out whether they fit well together (relationship effect). 1. What are the three aspects of relationships mentioned? A. Actor, partner, and relationship effects. B. Personality, quality, and partner effects. C. Actor, quality, and relationship effects. D. Personality, partner, and actor effects. 2. What does the "actor effect" refer to? A. How others feel about a person. B. How a person feels about others. C. How two people fit each other. D. How personality changes over time. 3. Why does the author discuss the three effects? A. To prove some people are friendlier. B. To advise changing our personality. C. To show relationships are simple. D. To explain how personality shapes relationships. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Importance of Being Outgoing B. How to Get Along with Everyone C. Personality and Our Relationships D. The Secret to a Happy Marriage Passage 2 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Is your life disappointing? Does that make you feel depressed? If you answered ‘yes’ to those two questions, what can you do to find happiness? The answers to these questions can be worth their weight in gold – last year, people spent almost $11 billion on ‘self-help’ books. These books promise to make us more confident, more sociable and more successful. They tell us that all we really need to find love and achieve our goals is a positive attitude. If you are amused by promises like these, then Oliver Burkeman’s book The Antidote might just be for you. Burkeman has travelled the world in search of happiness and he has found it in some very unusual places. For example, he meets poor people in Africa who seem to be happier than some wealthy people he knows in London. For Burkeman, this shows us that people who do not own very much cannot worry about losing it. In other words, having a lot of things can add a lot of stress to our lives. Of course he is not saying that poor people in Africa have an easy life. Instead, Burkeman uses this example to talk about ‘negative paths’. A ‘negative path’ is important for a satisfying life. He suggests that we need to remind ourselves that bad things happen and that we should learn to live with them. True happiness – if it exists – must include both positive and negative experiences. A complete life should be one that knows hate as well as love and illness as well as health. In my favourite part of the book, Burkeman takes us to a small village in Mexico on the Day of the Dead. The Day of the Dead is a festival that celebrates everyone who has died. However, it is not a sad festival at all, but a colourful party for friends and family. According to Burkeman, we need events like this to remember why we should be happy more often. The Antidote is an interesting book that has the ability to make you feel that happiness really is possible. 5. Where might you usually see this kind of text? A. in a newspaper B. in an email from a friend C. on the back of a book D. in a physics textbook 6. According to the reviewer, what is true about ‘self-help’ books? A. They are usually very expensive. B. They have a large number of readers. C. They help readers earn more money. D. They promise to solve all our problems. 7. Where did Burkeman go to collect information for the book? A. capital cities in Europe B. countries in North and South America C. many different places D. only to African villages 8. What part of the book does the reviewer enjoy most? A. a description of a family party B. a description of a funeral in a small town C. a description of London life D. a description of a traditional festival Passage 3 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “It’s good to be sociable, confident and loud!” In her book Quiet, Susan Cain points out how deeply this belief is held by society. Very often the qualities of extroverts – being active and lively, making quick decisions and working well in a team or group, for example – are valued more than the shy, serious and sensitive qualities of introverts. Susan Cain calls this attitude the ‘Extrovert Ideal’. In her book she looks at the way society places such value on the Extrovert Ideal that many modern schools and workplaces are built around it. Desks in classrooms are pushed together so that students can work in groups more easily. In Europe and the USA, employees are frequently put in shared offices so that they can work in teams. Students and employees are also expected to be confident and talkative. Why are the needs of introverts ignored in this way when introverts have so much to offer? Introverts need less excitement around them than extroverts, it’s true, but that doesn’t make them less exciting people. Many of the world’s greatest ideas, art and inventions have been produced by introverts. The Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi was an introvert, as were the artist Vincent van Gosh and the physicist Albert Einstein. Then there was Rosa Parks, who started the US civil rights movement in 1955 by bravely and quietly saying ‘no’ when a white passenger wanted to sit in her seat on a bus. Famous introverts in modern times include Angelina Jolie and Mark Zuckerberg. Jolie, a hugely successful actor, supports charities that help people in war zones. She describes herself as an introvert, saying she loves to spend time alone or with small groups of people because it helps her develop as a person. And despite the huge success of his social networking site, co-founder of Facebook Zuckerberg remains a private person who doesn’t like speaking in public. But let’s not forget that we need extroverts too. Because of course, introverts can come up with great ideas, but they also need help in communicating those ideas to the world. Songwriters need singers. Designers need sales people. In other words, extroverts and introverts need each other. 9. What does the ‘Extrovert Ideal’ value more? A. Shy and serious qualities. B. Active and lively qualities. C. Creative and artistic qualities. D. Brave and sensitive qualities. 10. What do the words “introverts” and “extroverts” mean? A. Shy people and confident people. B. Quiet people and exciting people. C. Serious people and talkative people. D. Sensitive people and decisive people. 11. What can be inferred about extroverts and introverts? A. They often work in the same offices. B. They both enjoy quiet environments. C. They prefer to compete with each other. D. They rely on each other for success. 12. What is the main idea of the text? A. Society should value only extroverts. B. Introverts are usually more creative. C. Both introverts and extroverts matter. D. Schools should encourage teamwork more. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·山东济南市·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There’s an annoying potato chip bag half-buried in the earth. Each time I catch it within my litter picker, another piece tears off. I keep trying until all the pieces are in my bag. Then I move on. Four years ago, I was deeply saddened about environmental and climate crises. During an online meeting with a psychological counselor (心理咨询师), I even cried in front of my computer screen, worrying about turtle doves, a bird most likely to die out next in the U.K. It was he who guided me onto volunteering, giving me three rules: make it simple, immediate and shared. That’s how, a week later, I found myself in Victoria Park in Ashford, Kent, fishing old carrier bags out of the river. I think that the best way to lift your spirits when you’re feeling down is to do something nice for yourself. However, research suggests that altruistic (利他的) acts work even better. I did not know this when I signed up with the preservation group. Nor did I know that volunteering is related to greater self-respect, better self-reported health and life satisfaction, or that helping others activates your brain’s “reward” system. I never minded if the tasks were tiring or repetitive; I was taking action. Every time I volunteered, I came home brightened up by the fresh air, the natural environment and the company — and, perhaps most of all, by acting in line with what I value. Sometimes I still wonder: Are we really making a difference, or just making ourselves feel better? Then I remind myself of British author Isabel Losada’s words in The Joyful Environmentalist: “Don’t be prevented by people saying your actions are just a drop in the ocean. What’s an ocean except millions upon millions of drops?” 13. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A. He was guided by a psychological counselor. B. He was expert in picking rubbish. C. He once was hopeless of the ecology. D. He was unwilling to volunteer at first. 14. What did the author realize after the activity in Victoria Park? A. Benefiting oneself brought happiness. B. The best reward lied in repetitive acts. C. Volunteering was related to self-worth. D. The preservation group was well liked. 15. Why does the author refer to Isabel Losada? A. To stress the value of people. B. To encourage small kind acts. C. To promote nature protection. D. To express the love for drops. 16. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. An act of self-respect B. One drop in the ocean C. Three rules of volunteering D. A “reward” system in brain Passage 5 （25-26高一上·广东广雅中学·12月月考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The first time I went to Germany with my boyfriend, I was very young and hadn’t been to many places. As soon as we arrived, I had this incredible revelation. “I know all about this area. The food, the language. I know all about the Schwarzwald, the Black Forest,” I said to his German family. “How do you know about this?” they asked, in disbelief. That was the first time it dawned on me how much I knew about the rest of the world, and how prepared I was for it, just from growing up in New York City — that I had been everywhere before I’d ever actually gone anywhere. I grew up in the Chelsea Projects, 288 10th Avenue at 26th Street. A lot of kids there were first generation Americans with immigrant parents who were still speaking Yiddish or Chinese or Portuguese, or just name a language, and they were speaking it. You ate every imaginable food from the rest of the world there. You were exposed to all different kinds of traditions. It wasn’t just that. The whole city was a classroom. All over town, you learned stuff you didn’t even know you were learning. You didn’t have to be rich to learn it, either. My mom was a teacher — a great Head Start teacher — and she made sure I partook of everything New York had to offer people who didn’t have any money, because she knew it was the greatest education in the world. We went to all the museums, which were free back then. We’d ride the bus to Lincoln Center, before it was Lincoln Center, and watch dancers dancing there. Or we’d take the train to Coney Island. Those trips are among my fondest memories. New York City played a big part in making me who I am. It’s where I learned that I could pursue whatever I loved, but that I couldn’t be a slacker (偷懒的人). The city is everything you’ve heard it is. It’s crazy, it’s horrible, it’s magnificent, it’s beautiful. It’s a real live wire, hard to leave. 17. What contributed to the author’s knowledge of Germany? A. Her childhood experience. B. Her boyfriend’s descriptions. C. Her past travel adventures. D. Her previous school education. 18. What can we learn about the author’s neighborhood? A. It was a tourist hotspot for traditions. B. It was famous for its many restaurants. C. Kids there were born outside of America. D. Parents there spoke their mother tongues. 19. What did New York provide? A. Diverse learning opportunities. B. Quality education programs. C. Financial support for parents. D. Welfare benefits for the poor. 20. From which book is the text most likely taken? A. Into Unknown Skies. B. Never Can Say Goodbye. C. Mom is Always by My Side. D. Falling for the Hometown Girl. Passage 6 （25-26高一上江苏宿迁市·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It started so unexpectedly. Six months earlier, while warming up for a 1 , the trainer at my gym announced that she was signing up for the Mud Girl Run, a 5k obstacle (障碍) race designed for women. All money from the race would be 2 to breast cancer research. She asked me to join her team. I really didn’t know much about it. After all, I 3 each time I was told to run a simple lap in the parking lot. Although I was still 4 nervous and anxious, I had to admit I was also excited. I was going to push myself to 5 something new or step outside my comfort zones. When I arrived at the race, I could not help but feel the 6 of being a part of a group of women in pink shirts, crazy wigs (假发) and various costumes 7 their particular groups. People were so 8 , but nothing was off limits. Hearing the music and 9 from the loudspeaker about start times created an excitement I had never felt — I was ready! All obstacles took place in mud. They did allow participants to choose an easier path around it. But I told myself I had to try to conquer each obstacle as I didn’t want to have any 10 when it was over. Thankfully, not only did I 11 each obstacle, I was smiling and having fun doing it 12 the fact that I was a complete muddy mess. This wonderful group of women, some 13 before that day, pulled each other over mud walls. They cheered each other on when someone needed 14 . It was powerful to be a part of something so great. It doesn’t matter how fast or how far you’re going. If you’re putting on your shoes and going out for a 15 , you are making a difference. 1. A. workout B. lecture C. test D. match 2. A. lent B. donated C. returned D. transported 3. A. reflected B. recovered C. complained D. clapped 4. A. extremely B. rarely C. possibly D. hardly 5. A. try B. change C. avoid D. imagine 6. A. pity B. risk C. hope D. excitement 7. A. surprising B. helping C. attracting D. representing 8. A. calm B. funny C. creative D. patient 9. A. announcements B. cheers C. expectations D. congratulations 10. A. burden B. regret C. honor D. excuse 11. A. look through B. come across C. draw on D. get over 12. A. for B. despite C. considering D. without 13. A. relatives B. friends C. strangers D. visitors 14. A. encouragement B. advice C. inspiration D. freedom 15. A. walk B. ride C. jump D. run Passage 7 （25-26高一上 湖北武汉中学·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On a sunny camping day, Dad first took me rock climbing. We hiked to the base of an easy climb up Mount Edith in Banff. Dad went a few feet ahead to 1 steel pitons (岩钉) while I provided support from below. Connected to Dad by the rope, I followed him up and reached the peak without much trouble. I felt on top of the world-strong and 2 . Going down the opposite side of the mountain felt different. As I looked down, my heart 3 wildly and I wished I were back at the campsite with my little sisters. Halfway down the cliff at an overhanging rock, my legs. started to 4 from exhaustion, and my fingers grew cold. Just then, I heard my father yell, “Rock!” A fist-sized stone hit my 5 , and a sharp pain shot through my thumb. I struggled to steady my breath, certain that one wrong step would send me 6 . “Are you okay?” Dad asked 7 . “Y-yeah,” I said, stretching my hand. It wasn’t broken, just a little swollen. “You can sit down, lean back, and let the harness (安全带) take your 8 .” He shifted; the harness held. I 9 into my harness, and my legs stopped trembling. Together, we 10 ourselves the rest of the way down. My legs 11 when we touched the ground, and I was so grateful for the 12 . After that, we went on more mountain adventures, each pushing the limits of what I thought I was 13 of. There were moments of fear and doubt, but I always 14 Dad. I knew we’d make it home-tired, dirty, but safe. Every adventure became a legend at family dinners, and every wrong turn, sudden storm, or minor injury only 15 the story. 1. A. make B. pull C. secure D. cover 2. A. fearless B. grateful C. ambitious D. relieved 3. A. lifted B. raced C. sank D. ached 4. A. settle B. relax C. shake D. recover 5. A. leg B. hand C. head D. back 6. A. trembling B. slipping C. screaming D. falling 7. A. anxiously B. sadly C. hesitantly D. angrily 8. A. place B. breath C. energy D. weight 9. A. crashed B. eased C. looked D. ran 10. A. pushed B. dropped C. lowered D. carried 11. A. crossed B. marched C. broke D. collapsed 12. A. quietness B. solidness C. warmth D. patience 13. A. capable B. careful C. tired D. guilty 14. A. respected B. followed C. supported D. trusted 15. A. broke down B. added to C. arose from D. relied on Passage 8 （25-26高一上 深圳南山外国语学校·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection. 1 The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives? Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing. 2 There are many ways you can show love to your friends. Tell them how much they mean to you. Remind them you are grateful to know them. These simple acts provide security in the relationship. 3 Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them. Share your joys, struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!” 4 Many people hold the view that it can be scary to be open with our feelings. It can come with the risk of shame or rejection. But people are less likely to reject you for being weak than you think. Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise. 5 It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better. A. Tell them how much you value them. B. Support them with your skills and talents. C. It’s about communicating love and appreciation. D. In fact, it’s linked to our mental and physical health. E. It means they accept us for who we are, the good and the bad. F. People feel hurt when someone doesn’t keep their private information. G. But dealing with conflict in a healthy way can deepen your friendships. Passage 9 （25-26高一上 河北石家庄市一中·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 4 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Passage 10 （25-26高一上 河北秦皇岛市·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Marko, going off to college meant 1 (stay) focused on academics and athletics. However, arriving on campus, he felt at a loss and lonely at times. The amount of work 2 (require) outside of class was more than he expected. Marko had close friends in high school, but because of his demanding new schedule, he lost touch 3 many of them. Sadness set in and over winter break, Marko felt very depressed. 4 (unfortunate), Marko’s story is not unique. The sudden change that 5 (occur) with the transition (过渡) is a reality for most freshmen. They must learn how 6 (balance) parties and studying; they may also be battling homesickness. As parents, how can you support your teenagers? First, help them find a trusted adult mentor (导师) 7 can provide a unique point of view. Second, work with your teenager to master some everyday skills, such as doing laundry and managing money. If basic skills 8 (deal) with before starting college life, another level of stress will be removed. Finally, spend time talking about ways to deal with 9 (anxious). Hearing about highs and lows from your own experiences normalizes their challenges. Remember the college transition is a journey of growth for 10 entire family. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. After the huge argument, their marriage has been ________（岌岌可危）for months. 2. The parents asked the babysitter never to let the child run ________（脱离他们的视线）. 3. When asked about the missing file, the manager stood there ________（不知所措）. 4. The driver insisted that he was not ________（有错）in the accident, but the video proved otherwise. 5. It’s time for you to ________（放下）the past and move forward with your life. 6. Constant worry and stress have been ________（逐渐侵蚀）her health over the years. 7. Don’t let your career ambitions ________（损害你和家人的关系）your family relationships. 8. They have stood by each other ________（不顾艰难险阻）for over thirty years. 9. The two countries are working hard to ________（消除）their differences and reach a peace agreement. 10. The local community supported the project ________（最大程度地）, providing both funds and volunteers. 二、翻译句子（中译英） A Friendship Restored My friendship with Jack was once on the rocks due to an awkward misunderstanding on social media. (1) 一位好心的朋友耍的把戏made us both angry and hurt. Jack ignored my messages and refused to chat with me in cafes. I felt at a loss, and (2) 侵蚀我日常生活的痛苦was unbearable. In my opinion, I was not in the wrong, but I realized I had to let go of my pride. (3) 我曾多年依靠的那位朋友now seemed so distant. I decided to apologize frankly and wrote a blog to bring out my sincere reflection. (4) 那篇以宽恕为主题的博客, helped me smooth out the conflict. Eventually, we met in person and recovered our bond. (5) 说过“友谊是木筏”的那位诗人was indeed right. We now respect each other and enjoy every moment in full measure. 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说，他在交友时遇到了困惑：班上有一位同学非常诚实，但性格内向、兴趣相投；另一位同学性格开朗、幽默有趣，但偶尔会说些“善意的谎言”。Tom不知道该优先考虑诚实还是性格，希望听听你的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 你的明确选择； 2. 陈述两点理由。 注意： 词数80–100； 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 条理清晰，语言连贯，可适当举例。 Dear Tom, Knowing that you are puzzled about whether honesty or personality matters more in making friends, I’d like to share my thoughts with you. _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these suggestions will help you. Looking forward to hearing about your new school life. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Getting along with others 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C Passage 2 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D Passage 3 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C Passage 4 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. B Passage 5 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B Passage 6 1. A 4. B 4. C 4. A 4. A 4. D 4. D 4. C 4. A 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D Passage 7 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B Passage 8 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. G Passage 9 1. G 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. F Passage 10 1. staying 2. required 3. with 4. Unfortunately 5. occurs 6. to balance 7. who/that 8. are dealt 9. anxiety 10. the 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. on the rocks 2. out of their sight 3. at a loss 4. in the wrong 5. let go of 6. eating away at 7. come between you and 8. through thick and thin 9. smooth out 10. in full measure 二、翻译句子 答案： 1. the trick which a well-meaning friend played → 一位好心的朋友耍的（把戏） 2. the pain that ate away at my daily life → 侵蚀我日常生活的（痛苦） 3. the friend whom I had counted on for years → 我曾多年依靠的（那位朋友） 4. the blog, whose theme was forgiveness → 以宽恕为主题的（那篇博客） 5. the poet who said "friendship is a raft" → 说过“友谊是木筏”的（那位诗人） 三、应用文写作 范文 Dear Tom, Knowing that you are puzzled about whether honesty or personality matters more in making friends, I’d like to share my thoughts with you. Personally, I think honesty is more important. First, honesty builds trust, which is the very basis of any true friendship. Without trust, even the most cheerful personality cannot keep a friendship lasting long. Second, personality can be influenced by environment and time, but honesty reflects a person’s inner quality. A friend who is honest may not always make you laugh, but he will never betray you when you are in trouble. In my opinion, a humorous but dishonest friend may entertain you for a while, but a sincere one can accompany you through thick and thin. I hope these suggestions will help you. Looking forward to hearing about your new school life. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Getting along with others 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 （来源：https://leverageedu.com/discover/school-education/essay-on-friendship） Friendships In this vast world, there are a number of people we meet every day, but there are some people who stay with us for a lifetime. The term for those people is “Friends” and the emotion that sustains them is “friendship”. The word friendship may have a particular number of alphabets, but the meaning it conveys cannot be measured in numbers. The word “friendship” is more than what meets the eye. The depth it holds in terms of emotions, bonding, trust, understanding, support, communication and much more is unparalleled. At every phase of our lives, we come across people and don’t even realize the bonds that form with time. These bonds are filled with the spirit and essence of trust, honesty, support, etc, thus becoming the pillars of friendship. In every person’s life, friendship plays different roles and it is something that sustains you. Now, there are basically 2 types of friends, first ones are those who are good friends while the other ones are best friends. The best friends are the ones that we share a special bond of affection and love with. They make our lives much richer and easier In true friendship, there is no place for judgment. True friends can share anything they are feeling without the fear of being judged by the other. To put it simply, we can say that true friendship gives us a reason to become even stronger in life. Friendship makes us stronger in all aspects. No matter how much we fight with our friends, we always come back to them. This is what teaches us to understand and be patient. Without any doubt, we can conclude that there is nothing out there that is nearly as beautiful, and as strong as friendship. Lucky are those who have this blessing in their life. Forever cherish it. 【全文翻译】 友谊 在这个广阔的世界里，我们每天都会遇见许许多多的人，但其中有些人会陪伴我们一生。这些人被称作“朋友”，而维系这份情谊的情感就是“友谊”。“友谊”这个词虽然只有几个字母，但它所承载的意义却无法用数字来衡量。这两个字远不止我们表面看到的那般简单。它在情感、羁绊、信任、理解、支持、沟通等各个方面所蕴藏的深度，都是无可比拟的。在人生的每一个阶段，我们都会遇到一些人，甚至不曾察觉那些随着时间悄然结成的情谊。这些情谊充满了信任、诚实、支持等精神与本质，于是成为友谊的支柱。 在每个人的生活里，友谊扮演着不同的角色，它是一直支撑着我们的力量。大致来说，朋友有两种：一种是普通朋友，另一种是挚友。挚友是我们与之有着特殊感情和爱意的人。他们让我们的生活变得更加充实，也更加轻松。 真正的友谊里，没有评判别人的余地。真正的朋友可以毫无顾忌地倾诉自己的感受，不必担心被对方品头论足。简单来说，真正的友谊给了我们一个理由，让我们在人生中变得更加坚强。 友谊在方方面面都让我们更强大。不管跟朋友吵了多少次架，最终我们还是会回到彼此身边。这教会了我们理解与耐心。毫无疑问，我们可以说，世上没有什么比友谊更美好、更坚固的了。生命中拥有这份幸运的人，真是有福气。请永远珍惜它。 【核心词汇】 ① alphabet 字母（本文指单词由几个字母组成） ② convey 传达、表达（某种含义） ③ unparalleled 无与伦比的、无可比拟的 ④ essence 本质、精髓 ⑤ pillar 支柱、栋梁（比喻起支撑作用的东西） ⑥ sustain 支撑、维持（使持续下去） ⑦ judgment 评判、评价（尤指挑剔或指指点点） ⑧ aspects 方面、层面 ⑨ conclude 总结、得出结论 ⑩ blessing 幸事、福气、恩赐 ⑪ cherish 珍惜、珍视 【长难句分析】 1. The depth it holds in terms of emotions, bonding, trust, understanding, support, communication and much more is unparalleled. 句子长度： 共17个单词 结构特点： 主语（The depth）+ 定语从句（it holds，省略关系代词that/which）+ 介词短语作插入语（in terms of...）+ 系动词（is）+ 表语（unparalleled）。整句意为“它在情感、羁绊等方面所蕴含的深度，是无与伦比的。” 难点1： 定语从句省略关系代词 —— “it holds”前面省略了that或which，完整的写法是“The depth that it holds”。初中生习惯了关系代词作宾语时可以省略的规则，但这里省略后紧接着又出现介词短语，容易看不清句子主干，误以为it holds是主句。 难点2： in terms of 这个固定短语 —— 意思是“就……而言、在……方面”，不是字面上“在……的条款里”。如果逐字翻译，会完全走偏。 难点3： bonding 这个词 —— 在这里意为“情感纽带、亲密关系的建立”，而不是初中常见“捆绑、结合”的具体动作。它是一个抽象名词，需要结合上下文理解。 涉及超标单词： unparalleled（无与伦比的），bonding（情感联结） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： What friendship holds in terms of emotions, trust, support, and many other things is so deep that nothing else can compare with it.（友谊在情感、信任、支持等方面所拥有的东西，其深度是其他任何事物都无法比拟的。） 2. Without any doubt, we can conclude that there is nothing out there that is nearly as beautiful, and as strong as friendship. 句子长度： 共22个单词 结构特点： 介词短语（Without any doubt）作句首状语 + 主句（we can conclude）+ 宾语从句（that there is nothing...）+ 定语从句（that is...）修饰nothing + 比较状语从句（as beautiful...as friendship）。整句意为“毫无疑问，世上没有什么东西能像友谊这样美好而坚固。” 难点1： Without any doubt 是插入性短语，意为“毫无疑问”，但介词Without在这里表示“不存在”，初中生可能不熟悉这种介词短语放在句首作状语的用法，容易误以为是否定条件。 难点2： nothing out there —— 这里的 out there 是一个口语化表达，指“在这个世界上、在外面（指我们所处的环境中）”，而不是“在那边”的字面意思。初中生容易按字面理解成“在外面没有东西”，从而搞混。 难点3： as beautiful, and as strong as friendship —— 这里是双重比较结构（as...as...），而且中间用逗号和and隔开，相当于“as beautiful as friendship and as strong as friendship”。初中生可能只看到第一个as，误以为beautiful和strong是并列修饰nothing，而忽略了后面完整的比较对象friendship，导致理解成“没有什么像友谊一样美丽且坚固”还是“友谊本身美丽且坚固”的混淆。 涉及超标单词： conclude（总结、得出结论） 当然，我们也可以这么改写，句意基本不变： We can surely say that nothing in this world is as beautiful and as strong as friendship.（我们可以肯定地说，这个世界上没有什么比友谊更美好、更坚固了。） 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Are some people more likely to have successful relationships? Are there certain personality qualities that are better suited to helping people get along with others? According to personality researchers, the answer is—sort of. To understand how personality affects relationships, we have to think about three aspects of relationships. First, we have to consider what is called “actor” effects. Actor effects refer to how people’s personalities affect the way they feel about others—whether some people just tend to get along well with others, like other people, and are happier in their relationships compared to other people. Second, we have to consider “partner” effects. Partner effects refer to how people’s personalities affect the way others feel about them—whether some people just tend to be people who others get along with better, like better, and are happier in relationships with compared to other people. Third, we have to consider “relationship” effects. Relationship effects refer to effects that are unique to specific relationships between people—whether two people uniquely get along with, like, and are happier with each other than they would be with someone else. In other words, whether some people just get along better with each other. Why do these three aspects of relationships matter for understanding how personality shapes the way we get along with others? To make sense of the role of personality, we have to think about the way people’s personalities shape each of these effects—how people’s personalities shape the way they like and get along with others (actor effect), the way others like and get along with them (partner effects), and how their personality gets along with their partner’s, to figure out whether they fit well together (relationship effect). 1. What are the three aspects of relationships mentioned? A. Actor, partner, and relationship effects. B. Personality, quality, and partner effects. C. Actor, quality, and relationship effects. D. Personality, partner, and actor effects. 2. What does the "actor effect" refer to? A. How others feel about a person. B. How a person feels about others. C. How two people fit each other. D. How personality changes over time. 3. Why does the author discuss the three effects? A. To prove some people are friendlier. B. To advise changing our personality. C. To show relationships are simple. D. To explain how personality shapes relationships. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The Importance of Being Outgoing B. How to Get Along with Everyone C. Personality and Our Relationships D. The Secret to a Happy Marriage 【正确答案】 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了性格如何通过“主体效应”“伙伴效应”和“关系效应”三个方面影响人际关系，旨在帮助读者理解性格在人际相处中的深层作用。 【详细解析】 1. A 细节理解题。 题干意为“文中提到的三个关系方面是什么？”。根据原文第三段首句“we have to think about three aspects of relationships”及后文分别以“First...Second...Third...”引出的 actor effects、partner effects、relationship effects 可知，三个方面正是这三个效应，故选A。 B项中的“quality”和D项中的“personality”均非三个方面之一；C项将“partner”错换为“quality”，属于偷换概念，故排除。 2. B 细节理解题。 题干意为“‘主体效应’指的是什么？”。根据原文第四段第二句“Actor effects refer to how people’s personalities affect the way they feel about others”可知，主体效应是指“一个人对别人的感受如何”，故选B How a person feels about others。 A项“How others feel about a person”是“partner effect”（伙伴效应）的内容，属于张冠李戴；C项“How two people fit each other”是“relationship effect”（关系效应）的内容，同样属于张冠李戴；D项“How personality changes over time”文中未提及性格随时间变化，属于无中生有。 3. D 判断推理题。 题干意为“作者为什么讨论这三个效应？”。文章最后一段明确指出“To make sense of the role of personality, we have to think about the way people’s personalities shape each of these effects”，说明讨论这三个效应的目的是解释性格如何塑造人际关系，故选D To explain how personality shapes relationships。 A项“To prove some people are friendlier”虽是文中提及的细节（第四段提到有些人更善于相处），但并非作者讨论三个效应的目的，属于以偏概全；B项“To advise changing our personality”文中并未建议改变性格，属于无中生有；C项“To show relationships are simple”与文中描述这些效应的复杂性相悖，属于与原文相悖的错误推断。 4. C 主旨大意题（标题）。 题干意为“下列哪项是文章的最佳标题？”。全文围绕“性格如何影响人际关系”这一主题展开，并从三个效应角度加以分析，因此C项 Personality and Our Relationships（性格与我们的关系）准确概括了全文主旨。 A项“The Importance of Being Outgoing”以偏概全，文中讨论的是多种性格品质（qualities），并非只谈“外向”这一种；B项“How to Get Along with Everyone”偏离主题，文中重在“性格如何起作用”而非“如何去做”的方法指导；D项“The Secret to a Happy Marriage”文中完全未提及婚姻，属于无中生有。 Passage 2 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Is your life disappointing? Does that make you feel depressed? If you answered ‘yes’ to those two questions, what can you do to find happiness? The answers to these questions can be worth their weight in gold – last year, people spent almost $11 billion on ‘self-help’ books. These books promise to make us more confident, more sociable and more successful. They tell us that all we really need to find love and achieve our goals is a positive attitude. If you are amused by promises like these, then Oliver Burkeman’s book The Antidote might just be for you. Burkeman has travelled the world in search of happiness and he has found it in some very unusual places. For example, he meets poor people in Africa who seem to be happier than some wealthy people he knows in London. For Burkeman, this shows us that people who do not own very much cannot worry about losing it. In other words, having a lot of things can add a lot of stress to our lives. Of course he is not saying that poor people in Africa have an easy life. Instead, Burkeman uses this example to talk about ‘negative paths’. A ‘negative path’ is important for a satisfying life. He suggests that we need to remind ourselves that bad things happen and that we should learn to live with them. True happiness – if it exists – must include both positive and negative experiences. A complete life should be one that knows hate as well as love and illness as well as health. In my favourite part of the book, Burkeman takes us to a small village in Mexico on the Day of the Dead. The Day of the Dead is a festival that celebrates everyone who has died. However, it is not a sad festival at all, but a colourful party for friends and family. According to Burkeman, we need events like this to remember why we should be happy more often. The Antidote is an interesting book that has the ability to make you feel that happiness really is possible. 5. Where might you usually see this kind of text? A. in a newspaper B. in an email from a friend C. on the back of a book D. in a physics textbook 6. According to the reviewer, what is true about ‘self-help’ books? A. They are usually very expensive. B. They have a large number of readers. C. They help readers earn more money. D. They promise to solve all our problems. 7. Where did Burkeman go to collect information for the book? A. capital cities in Europe B. countries in North and South America C. many different places D. only to African villages 8. What part of the book does the reviewer enjoy most? A. a description of a family party B. a description of a funeral in a small town C. a description of London life D. a description of a traditional festival 【正确答案】 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 【导语】 本文是一篇书评，评介奥利弗·伯克曼的《解药》（The Antidote）。作者通过走访非洲、伦敦和墨西哥等地，探讨了幸福的多元来源，提出“消极路径”对实现满足感的重要性，并以墨西哥亡灵节为例说明幸福包含积极与消极两面。 【详细解析】 5. A 推理判断题 题干问：“你通常会在哪里看到这种文本？” 本文是一篇结构完整、带有分析和评论的书评，这种文体最常出现在报纸或杂志的书评版面。选项 A“报纸”符合这一常见出版渠道。B“朋友邮件”不符合正式、客观的评论文体；C“书的封底”通常只有简短推荐语，不会出现如此详细的段落分析和引用；D“物理教科书”与书评内容完全无关，且教科书不会刊登此类文学评论。因此，A 为正确答案。 6. B 细节理解题 题干问：“根据评论者，关于自助类书籍的哪项说法是正确的？” 原文明确提到“last year, people spent almost $11 billion on ‘self-help’ books”，这一巨额消费直接说明这类书拥有庞大的读者群体，故 B“拥有大量读者”正确。A“通常很贵”文中未提及价格；C“帮助读者赚更多钱”文中只提到“make us more successful”，但“成功”不等同于“赚钱”，属于偷换概念；D“承诺解决我们所有问题”过于绝对，原文仅承诺提升自信、社交和成功，未说“所有问题”。因此，B 为正确答案。 7. C 细节理解题 题干问：“伯克曼去哪里收集这本书的资料？”原文说“Burkeman has travelled the world in search of happiness”，并在后文具体提到非洲（穷人）、伦敦（富人）和墨西哥（亡灵节），可见他走访了多个不同地方，因此 C“很多不同地方”概括最全面。A“欧洲首都”只涵盖伦敦，不全面；B“北美和南美国家”只涉及墨西哥（北美洲），遗漏非洲和欧洲；D“只去了非洲村庄”与原文矛盾，因为他还去了伦敦和墨西哥。因此，C 为正确答案。 8. C 细节理解题 题干问：“评论者最喜欢书中的哪个部分？”原文明确写道“In my favourite part of the book, Burkeman takes us to a small village in Mexico on the Day of the Dead”，并说明这是一个“festival”（节日），因此 D“对一个传统节日的描述”正确。A“家庭聚会”虽在节日中有亲友相聚，但节日本身不是普通家庭聚会，描述的重点是节日而非聚会；B“小镇葬礼”与亡灵节欢乐、多彩的氛围不符；C“伦敦生活”文中提到伦敦富人，但评论者并未将其作为最喜欢的部分，也未对其进行详细描述。因此，D 为正确答案。 Passage 3 （原创）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 “It’s good to be sociable, confident and loud!” In her book Quiet, Susan Cain points out how deeply this belief is held by society. Very often the qualities of extroverts – being active and lively, making quick decisions and working well in a team or group, for example – are valued more than the shy, serious and sensitive qualities of introverts. Susan Cain calls this attitude the ‘Extrovert Ideal’. In her book she looks at the way society places such value on the Extrovert Ideal that many modern schools and workplaces are built around it. Desks in classrooms are pushed together so that students can work in groups more easily. In Europe and the USA, employees are frequently put in shared offices so that they can work in teams. Students and employees are also expected to be confident and talkative. Why are the needs of introverts ignored in this way when introverts have so much to offer? Introverts need less excitement around them than extroverts, it’s true, but that doesn’t make them less exciting people. Many of the world’s greatest ideas, art and inventions have been produced by introverts. The Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi was an introvert, as were the artist Vincent van Gosh and the physicist Albert Einstein. Then there was Rosa Parks, who started the US civil rights movement in 1955 by bravely and quietly saying ‘no’ when a white passenger wanted to sit in her seat on a bus. Famous introverts in modern times include Angelina Jolie and Mark Zuckerberg. Jolie, a hugely successful actor, supports charities that help people in war zones. She describes herself as an introvert, saying she loves to spend time alone or with small groups of people because it helps her develop as a person. And despite the huge success of his social networking site, co-founder of Facebook Zuckerberg remains a private person who doesn’t like speaking in public. But let’s not forget that we need extroverts too. Because of course, introverts can come up with great ideas, but they also need help in communicating those ideas to the world. Songwriters need singers. Designers need sales people. In other words, extroverts and introverts need each other. 9. What does the ‘Extrovert Ideal’ value more? A. Shy and serious qualities. B. Active and lively qualities. C. Creative and artistic qualities. D. Brave and sensitive qualities. 10. What do the words “introverts” and “extroverts” mean? A. Shy people and confident people. B. Quiet people and exciting people. C. Serious people and talkative people. D. Sensitive people and decisive people. 11. What can be inferred about extroverts and introverts? A. They often work in the same offices. B. They both enjoy quiet environments. C. They prefer to compete with each other. D. They rely on each other for success. 12. What is the main idea of the text? A. Society should value only extroverts. B. Introverts are usually more creative. C. Both introverts and extroverts matter. D. Schools should encourage teamwork more. 【正确答案】 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，批判了社会过度推崇“外向理想”的现象，通过列举多位内向名人的贡献，最终指出内外向者各有所长、需要相互协作。 【详细解析】 9. B 细节理解题。 题干问“‘外向理想’更看重什么”。根据第一段“Very often the qualities of extroverts – being active and lively... – are valued more”可知，社会更看重外向者“活跃、有活力”的特质，故选B。 A项“害羞、严肃”是内向者的特质，与题干“更看重”相反；C项“有创造力、有艺术感”虽是文中提到的内向者贡献（第二段），但并非“外向理想”所看重的品质，属于对象错位；D项“勇敢、敏感”中“勇敢”出自罗莎·帕克斯的例子，“敏感”出自内向者描述，但两者结合并非“外向理想”的内涵，属于信息错位。 10. A 词义猜测题。 题干问“introverts”和“extroverts”的含义。全文对比鲜明：内向者被描述为“shy, serious, sensitive”（第一段），外向者被描述为“sociable, confident, loud”（首句），故A项“害羞的人和自信的人”最准确。B项“安静的人和令人兴奋的人”错在原文用“doesn’t make them less exciting”形容内向者，并非定义外向者，属于概念张冠李戴；C项“严肃的人和健谈的人”中“健谈”虽在首段提到社会对学生的期望，但非外向者的核心定义，属于以偏概全；D项“敏感的人和果断的人”将内向者的“敏感”与外向者的“快速决策”强行配对，属于属性错配。所有干扰项均源自原文词汇，无凭空捏造。 11. D 判断推理题。 题干问“关于内外向者可以推断出什么”。根据末段“Songwriters need singers. Designers need sales people. In other words, extroverts and introverts need each other.”可推知他们相互依赖以取得成功，故选D（rely on each other for success 为 need each other 的同义转述）。A项“他们经常在同一间办公室工作”虽提到员工被置于共享办公室，但这是社会安排，并非推断出的两者关系，且过于绝对，属于过度推断；B项“他们都喜欢安静环境”文中只提内向者需要较少刺激，未提及外向者喜好，属于无依据扩大范围；C项“他们更喜欢互相竞争”与文中“need each other”直接矛盾，属于反向干扰。 12. C 主旨大意题。 文章先批评“外向理想”，再举例证明内向者价值，最后强调“extroverts and introverts need each other”，故主旨为“内外向者都很重要”，选C。A项“只应重视外向者”与作者倡导平衡的立场相反；B项“内向者通常更有创造力”只是文中部分例子，无法概括全文；D项“学校应鼓励更多团队合作”仅为文中的一个现象细节，非主旨，均属以偏概全。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·山东济南市·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 There’s an annoying potato chip bag half-buried in the earth. Each time I catch it within my litter picker, another piece tears off. I keep trying until all the pieces are in my bag. Then I move on. Four years ago, I was deeply saddened about environmental and climate crises. During an online meeting with a psychological counselor (心理咨询师), I even cried in front of my computer screen, worrying about turtle doves, a bird most likely to die out next in the U.K. It was he who guided me onto volunteering, giving me three rules: make it simple, immediate and shared. That’s how, a week later, I found myself in Victoria Park in Ashford, Kent, fishing old carrier bags out of the river. I think that the best way to lift your spirits when you’re feeling down is to do something nice for yourself. However, research suggests that altruistic (利他的) acts work even better. I did not know this when I signed up with the preservation group. Nor did I know that volunteering is related to greater self-respect, better self-reported health and life satisfaction, or that helping others activates your brain’s “reward” system. I never minded if the tasks were tiring or repetitive; I was taking action. Every time I volunteered, I came home brightened up by the fresh air, the natural environment and the company — and, perhaps most of all, by acting in line with what I value. Sometimes I still wonder: Are we really making a difference, or just making ourselves feel better? Then I remind myself of British author Isabel Losada’s words in The Joyful Environmentalist: “Don’t be prevented by people saying your actions are just a drop in the ocean. What’s an ocean except millions upon millions of drops?” 13. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A. He was guided by a psychological counselor. B. He was expert in picking rubbish. C. He once was hopeless of the ecology. D. He was unwilling to volunteer at first. 14. What did the author realize after the activity in Victoria Park? A. Benefiting oneself brought happiness. B. The best reward lied in repetitive acts. C. Volunteering was related to self-worth. D. The preservation group was well liked. 15. Why does the author refer to Isabel Losada? A. To stress the value of people. B. To encourage small kind acts. C. To promote nature protection. D. To express the love for drops. 16. What can be a suitable title of the text? A. An act of self-respect B. One drop in the ocean C. Three rules of volunteering D. A “reward” system in brain 【答案】13. C 14. C 15. B 16. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者因担忧环境和气候危机接受心理指导后，参与环保志愿活动，在行动中收获成长并领悟小行动的价值。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Four years ago, I was deeply saddened about environmental and climate crises. During an online meeting with a psychological counselor (心理咨询师), I even cried in front of my computer screen, worrying about turtle doves, a bird most likely to die out next in the U.K. (四年前，我对环境和气候危机深感悲痛。在与心理咨询师的一次线上会议中，我甚至在电脑屏幕前哭了，担心斑鸠——这种在英国下一个最有可能灭绝的鸟类)”可知，作者曾经对生态环境感到极度悲痛和担忧，近乎绝望。故选C项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I did not know this when I signed up with the preservation group. Nor did I know that volunteering is related to greater self-respect, better self-reported health and life satisfaction, or that helping others activates your brain’s “reward” system.(我加入保护小组时并不知道这一点。我也不知道志愿服务与更强的自尊、更好的自我报告健康状况和生活满意度有关，也不知道帮助他人会激活大脑的“奖励”系统)”以及第四段中的“Every time I volunteered, I came home brightened up by the fresh air, the natural environment and the company — and, perhaps most of all, by acting in line with what I value.(每次做志愿者，我回家时都会因新鲜的空气、自然环境和同伴而心情舒畅——或许最重要的是，因践行自己所珍视的东西而愉悦)”可知，作者在维多利亚公园参与志愿活动后，意识到志愿服务与自我价值相关，践行自己珍视的事能带来满足感。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes I still wonder: Are we really making a difference, or just making ourselves feel better? Then I remind myself of British author Isabel Losada’s words in The Joyful Environmentalist: “Don’t be prevented by people saying your actions are just a drop in the ocean. What’s an ocean except millions upon millions of drops?”(有时我仍然会想：我们真的在带来改变吗？还是只是在让自己感觉更好？然后我就会想起英国作家伊莎贝尔·洛萨达在《快乐的环保主义者》中的话：“不要因为有人说你的行动只是沧海一粟就停下脚步。除了千千万万的水滴，大海又是什么呢？”)”可知，作者引用伊莎贝尔·洛萨达的话，是为了鼓励人们不要忽视小的善举，无数小行动汇聚起来就能产生巨大影响。故选B项。 【16题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段中的“Sometimes I still wonder: Are we really making a difference, or just making ourselves feel better? Then I remind myself of British author Isabel Losada’s words in The Joyful Environmentalist: “Don’t be prevented by people saying your actions are just a drop in the ocean. What’s an ocean except millions upon millions of drops?”(有时我仍然会想：我们真的在带来改变吗？还是只是在让自己感觉更好？然后我就会想起英国作家伊莎贝尔·洛萨达在《快乐的环保主义者》中的话：“不要因为有人说你的行动只是沧海一粟就停下脚步。除了千千万万的水滴，大海又是什么呢？”)”可知，作者从担忧生态危机、接受心理引导，到参与环保志愿活动，在过程中疑惑自己的小行动是否有意义，最终通过伊莎贝尔·洛萨达的话领悟到“沧海一粟”的价值——无数小行动能汇聚成巨大力量。B选项“沧海一粟”既呼应了文中的引言，又点明了文章核心：小行动亦有大价值，适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·广东广雅中学·12月月考）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The first time I went to Germany with my boyfriend, I was very young and hadn’t been to many places. As soon as we arrived, I had this incredible revelation. “I know all about this area. The food, the language. I know all about the Schwarzwald, the Black Forest,” I said to his German family. “How do you know about this?” they asked, in disbelief. That was the first time it dawned on me how much I knew about the rest of the world, and how prepared I was for it, just from growing up in New York City — that I had been everywhere before I’d ever actually gone anywhere. I grew up in the Chelsea Projects, 288 10th Avenue at 26th Street. A lot of kids there were first generation Americans with immigrant parents who were still speaking Yiddish or Chinese or Portuguese, or just name a language, and they were speaking it. You ate every imaginable food from the rest of the world there. You were exposed to all different kinds of traditions. It wasn’t just that. The whole city was a classroom. All over town, you learned stuff you didn’t even know you were learning. You didn’t have to be rich to learn it, either. My mom was a teacher — a great Head Start teacher — and she made sure I partook of everything New York had to offer people who didn’t have any money, because she knew it was the greatest education in the world. We went to all the museums, which were free back then. We’d ride the bus to Lincoln Center, before it was Lincoln Center, and watch dancers dancing there. Or we’d take the train to Coney Island. Those trips are among my fondest memories. New York City played a big part in making me who I am. It’s where I learned that I could pursue whatever I loved, but that I couldn’t be a slacker (偷懒的人). The city is everything you’ve heard it is. It’s crazy, it’s horrible, it’s magnificent, it’s beautiful. It’s a real live wire, hard to leave. 17. What contributed to the author’s knowledge of Germany? A. Her childhood experience. B. Her boyfriend’s descriptions. C. Her past travel adventures. D. Her previous school education. 18. What can we learn about the author’s neighborhood? A. It was a tourist hotspot for traditions. B. It was famous for its many restaurants. C. Kids there were born outside of America. D. Parents there spoke their mother tongues. 19. What did New York provide? A. Diverse learning opportunities. B. Quality education programs. C. Financial support for parents. D. Welfare benefits for the poor. 20. From which book is the text most likely taken? A. Into Unknown Skies. B. Never Can Say Goodbye. C. Mom is Always by My Side. D. Falling for the Hometown Girl. 【答案】17. A 18. D 19. A 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在纽约的成长经历对其认知世界和塑造自我的影响。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As soon as we arrived, I had this incredible revelation. “I know all about this area The food, the language. I know all about the Schwarzwald, the Black Forest,” I said to his German family. “How do you know about this?” they asked, in disbelief.(刚抵达那片土地，一种奇妙的顿悟便涌上心头。“我对这里了如指掌——无论是饮食、语言，还是黑森林的传说。”我对他的德国家人说道。他们难以置信地反问：“你怎会了解这些？”)”和第二段“That was the first time it dawned on me how much I knew about the rest of the world, and how prepared I was for it, just from growing up in New York City — that I had been everywhere before I’d ever actually gone anywhere.(那一刻我才恍然惊觉：成长于纽约这座城市，竟让我在真正踏足世界之前，早已通过日常浸润熟知了远方——我对这个世界的认知深度与应对准备，远比想象中更充分)”可知，作者对德国的了解源于她在纽约的成长经历。故选A项。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I grew up in the Chelsea Projects, 288 10th Avenue at 26th Street. A lot of kids there were first generation Americans with immigrant parents who were still speaking Yiddish or Chinese or Portuguese, or just name a language, and they were speaking it.(我从小在切尔西项目区长大的，地址是第十大道288号，位于26街。那里的很多孩子都是第一代美国人，他们的父母是移民，仍然说着意第绪语、中文或葡萄牙语，或者随便说一种语言，他们就在说这种语言)”可知，作者所在社区的父母们仍然说着他们的母语。故选D项。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The whole city was a classroom. All over town, you learned stuff you didn’t even know you were learning. You didn’t have to be rich to learn it, either.(整座城市都是课堂。在街巷阡陌间，你不知不觉汲取着知识——而这些学问，从来都与财富无关)”和第五段“We went to all the museums, which were free back then. We’d ride the bus to Lincoln Center, before it was Lincoln Center, and watch dancers dancing there. Or we’d take the train to Coney Island. Those trips are among my fondest memories.(我们逛遍所有博物馆——那时它们还免费开放。我们乘公交去林肯中心，在它正式成名之前，看舞者们在广场翩跹起舞。也会搭地铁前往康尼岛，这些旅程至今仍是我最珍贵的记忆瑰宝)”可知，纽约提供了多样化的学习机会。故选A项。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“New York City played a big part in making me who I am. It’s where I learned that I could pursue whatever I loved, but that I couldn’t be a slacker (偷懒的人). The city is everything you’ve heard it is. It’s crazy, it’s horrible, it’s magnificent, it’s beautiful. It’s a real live wire, hard to leave.(纽约这座城市塑造了如今的我。在这里我领悟到：可以追逐所爱，但绝不能苟且懈怠。这座城市集合了所有你听闻的特质——既疯狂又糟糕，既壮丽又美好。她是根永不停歇的带电导线，令人难以割舍)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者在纽约的成长经历对她认知世界和塑造自我的影响，表达了她对纽约的深厚感情和难以割舍的情怀，所以本文最有可能选自《Never Can Say Goodbye》一书。故选B项。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上江苏宿迁市·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It started so unexpectedly. Six months earlier, while warming up for a 1 , the trainer at my gym announced that she was signing up for the Mud Girl Run, a 5k obstacle (障碍) race designed for women. All money from the race would be 2 to breast cancer research. She asked me to join her team. I really didn’t know much about it. After all, I 3 each time I was told to run a simple lap in the parking lot. Although I was still 4 nervous and anxious, I had to admit I was also excited. I was going to push myself to 5 something new or step outside my comfort zones. When I arrived at the race, I could not help but feel the 6 of being a part of a group of women in pink shirts, crazy wigs (假发) and various costumes 7 their particular groups. People were so 8 , but nothing was off limits. Hearing the music and 9 from the loudspeaker about start times created an excitement I had never felt — I was ready! All obstacles took place in mud. They did allow participants to choose an easier path around it. But I told myself I had to try to conquer each obstacle as I didn’t want to have any 10 when it was over. Thankfully, not only did I 11 each obstacle, I was smiling and having fun doing it 12 the fact that I was a complete muddy mess. This wonderful group of women, some 13 before that day, pulled each other over mud walls. They cheered each other on when someone needed 14 . It was powerful to be a part of something so great. It doesn’t matter how fast or how far you’re going. If you’re putting on your shoes and going out for a 15 , you are making a difference. 1. A. workout B. lecture C. test D. match 2. A. lent B. donated C. returned D. transported 3. A. reflected B. recovered C. complained D. clapped 4. A. extremely B. rarely C. possibly D. hardly 5. A. try B. change C. avoid D. imagine 6. A. pity B. risk C. hope D. excitement 7. A. surprising B. helping C. attracting D. representing 8. A. calm B. funny C. creative D. patient 9. A. announcements B. cheers C. expectations D. congratulations 10. A. burden B. regret C. honor D. excuse 11. A. look through B. come across C. draw on D. get over 12. A. for B. despite C. considering D. without 13. A. relatives B. friends C. strangers D. visitors 14. A. encouragement B. advice C. inspiration D. freedom 15. A. walk B. ride C. jump D. run 【答案】1. A 4. B 4. C 4. A 4. A 4. D 4. D 4. C 4. A 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在健身房教练的邀请下，鼓起勇气参加了一个为乳腺癌研究筹款的女子泥泞障碍赛。尽管赛前紧张，但她努力挑战自我，最终在比赛中克服障碍，收获了快乐、友谊与深刻的成就感。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月前，当我在健身房热身准备锻炼时，教练宣布她要报名参加“泥泞女孩跑”。A. workout锻炼；B. lecture讲座；C. test测试；D. match比赛。根据前文“warming up”和后文“at my gym”可知，在健身房热身是为了进行“锻炼”。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛的所有收入都将捐赠给乳腺癌研究。A. lent借出；B. donated捐赠；C. returned归还；D. transported运输。根据后文“to breast cancer research”以及此类公益赛事的常见目的可知，筹集的款项会“捐赠”给相关研究机构。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，每次被要求在停车场跑一圈时，我都会抱怨。A. reflected反思；B. recovered恢复；C. complained抱怨；D. clapped鼓掌。根据后文“nervous and anxious”可推知，作者其实并不擅长跑步，因此可能会“抱怨”。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我仍然非常紧张和焦虑，但我不得不承认我也很兴奋。A. extremely 极度，非常；B. rarely很少；C. possibly可能；D. hardly几乎不。根据前文“I really didn’t know much about it. After all, I  each time I was told to run a simple lap in the parking lot.”可知，作者对这次比赛不了解，且自己也并不擅长跑步，所以会感到“非常”紧张焦虑。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将要推动自己去尝试一些新事物，或者走出我的舒适区。A. try尝试；B. change改变；C. avoid避免；D. imagine想象。根据后文“step outside my comfort zones”可知，这是挑战自我的行为，核心是去“尝试”新事物。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我抵达比赛现场时，瞬间被眼前景象感染：一群身穿粉色T恤、戴着夸张假发、装扮各异的女性正以独特造型代表各自团队，能成为其中一员让我激动不已。A. pity遗憾；B. risk风险；C. hope希望；D. excitement兴奋，激动。根据后文描述的热闹场面以及“created an excitement I had never felt”可知，作者感受到的是“兴奋”。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抵达比赛现场时，瞬间被眼前景象感染：一群身穿粉色T恤、戴着夸张假发、装扮各异的女性正以独特造型代表各自团队，能成为其中一员让我激动不已。A. surprising使惊讶；B. helping帮助；C. attracting吸引；D. representing代表。根据语境，穿着统一的、有特色的服装是为了展示团队身份，即“代表”她们的团队。故选D项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们非常有创意，但没有任何限制。A. calm冷静的；B. funny有趣的；C. creative有创意的；D. patient耐心的。根据前文“pink shirts, crazy wigs (假发) and various costumes”以及后文“nothing was off limits”可知，参与者们的着装打扮天马行空，非常“有创意”。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到音乐和喇叭里关于开始时间的广播，我产生了一种从未有过的兴奋感——我准备好了！A. announcements通知，广播；B. cheers欢呼；C. expectations期望；D. congratulations祝贺。根据后文“about start times”可知，喇叭里播报的是比赛开始的“通知”或“广播”。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我告诉自己，我必须尝试征服每一个障碍，因为我不想在比赛结束后有任何遗憾。A. burden负担；B. regret遗憾；C. honor荣誉；D. excuse借口。根据前文“I had to try to conquer each obstacle”可推知，作者想尽力完成所有挑战，以避免事后感到“遗憾”。故选B项。 【11题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我不仅克服了每一个障碍，而且尽管我浑身是泥，一塌糊涂，我还是微笑着，乐在其中。A. look through浏览；B. come across偶然遇见；C. draw on利用；D. get over克服。根据前文“conquer each obstacle”可知，此处指“克服”了障碍。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我不仅克服了每一个障碍，而且尽管我浑身是泥，一塌糊涂，我还是微笑着，乐在其中。A. for为了；B. despite尽管；C. considering考虑到；D. without没有。前文“smiling and having fun”和后文“a complete muddy mess”在逻辑上是对比关系，用介词despite构成介词短语作让步状语，意为“尽管”，符合句意。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这群了不起的女性，有些在那天之前还是陌生人，互相拉着翻越泥墙。A. relatives亲戚；B. friends朋友；C. strangers陌生人；D. visitors访客。根据“before that day”可知，比赛当天大家才聚在一起，因此之前很多人互不相识，是“陌生人”。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当有人需要鼓励时，她们互相加油打气。A. encouragement鼓励；B. advice建议；C. inspiration灵感；D. freedom自由。根据前文“cheered each other on”可知，大家互相做的事情是“鼓励”。故选A项。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你穿上鞋子出去跑步，你就是在做出改变。A. walk步行；B. ride骑行；C. jump跳跃；D. run跑步。本文主要围绕一场跑步障碍赛展开，前文多次提到“run”(如Mud Girl Run和run a simple lap)，且本段主旨是鼓励行动，无论快慢远近，呼应了文章开头“跑”的主题，因此此处指的是出去“跑步”。故选D项。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上 湖北武汉中学·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On a sunny camping day, Dad first took me rock climbing. We hiked to the base of an easy climb up Mount Edith in Banff. Dad went a few feet ahead to 1 steel pitons (岩钉) while I provided support from below. Connected to Dad by the rope, I followed him up and reached the peak without much trouble. I felt on top of the world-strong and 2 . Going down the opposite side of the mountain felt different. As I looked down, my heart 3 wildly and I wished I were back at the campsite with my little sisters. Halfway down the cliff at an overhanging rock, my legs. started to 4 from exhaustion, and my fingers grew cold. Just then, I heard my father yell, “Rock!” A fist-sized stone hit my 5 , and a sharp pain shot through my thumb. I struggled to steady my breath, certain that one wrong step would send me 6 . “Are you okay?” Dad asked 7 . “Y-yeah,” I said, stretching my hand. It wasn’t broken, just a little swollen. “You can sit down, lean back, and let the harness (安全带) take your 8 .” He shifted; the harness held. I 9 into my harness, and my legs stopped trembling. Together, we 10 ourselves the rest of the way down. My legs 11 when we touched the ground, and I was so grateful for the 12 . After that, we went on more mountain adventures, each pushing the limits of what I thought I was 13 of. There were moments of fear and doubt, but I always 14 Dad. I knew we’d make it home-tired, dirty, but safe. Every adventure became a legend at family dinners, and every wrong turn, sudden storm, or minor injury only 15 the story. 1. A. make B. pull C. secure D. cover 2. A. fearless B. grateful C. ambitious D. relieved 3. A. lifted B. raced C. sank D. ached 4. A. settle B. relax C. shake D. recover 5. A. leg B. hand C. head D. back 6. A. trembling B. slipping C. screaming D. falling 7. A. anxiously B. sadly C. hesitantly D. angrily 8. A. place B. breath C. energy D. weight 9. A. crashed B. eased C. looked D. ran 10. A. pushed B. dropped C. lowered D. carried 11. A. crossed B. marched C. broke D. collapsed 12. A. quietness B. solidness C. warmth D. patience 13. A. capable B. careful C. tired D. guilty 14. A. respected B. followed C. supported D. trusted 15. A. broke down B. added to C. arose from D. relied on 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与父亲一起攀岩的冒险经历及感悟。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸在我前面几英尺的地方去固定钢钉，而我在下面提供支撑。A. make制作；B. pull拉；C. secure固定；D. cover覆盖。根据语“steel pitons”和常识可知，攀岩时需要先固定岩钉来保障安全。故选C。 2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己站在了世界之巅——强壮而无畏。A. fearless无畏的；B. grateful感激的；C. ambitious有野心的；D. relieved宽慰的。根据前文“I felt on top of the world”可知，作者感觉自己站在了世界之巅，因此是强壮而无畏的。故选A。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我往下看时，我的心狂跳不已，我希望自己能回到营地和妹妹们在一起。A. lifted举起；B. raced（心脏）狂跳；C. sank下沉；D. ached疼痛。根据后文“I wished I were back at the campsite with my little sisters”可知，作者往下看时感到紧张，因此心脏狂跳不已。故选B。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在悬崖中间的一块悬岩上，我的腿因疲惫而开始颤抖，手指也变得冰冷。A. settle定居；B. relax放松；C. shake颤抖；D. recover恢复。根据后文“from exhaustion”可知，作者因疲惫而双腿开始颤抖。故选C。 5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一块拳头大小的石头击中了我的手，一阵剧痛穿过我的大拇指。A. leg腿；B. hand手；C. head头；D. back背。根据后文“a sharp pain shot through my thumb”可知，石头击中了作者的手。故选B。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我努力稳住呼吸，确信走错一步就会让我摔下去。A. trembling颤抖；B. slipping滑倒；C. screaming尖叫；D. falling摔倒、跌落。根据上文“Halfway down the cliff at an overhanging rock”可知，身处悬崖半腰，一旦脚步失误就会面临坠落的危险。故选D。 7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“你没事吧？”爸爸焦急地问。A. anxiously焦急地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. angrily愤怒地。根据前文“A fist-sized stone hit my  __45__, and a sharp pain shot through my thumb.”可知，作者在悬崖上遇到危险，因此爸爸焦急地问。故选A。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以坐下来，向后靠，让安全带承受你的重量。A. place地方；B. breath呼吸；C. energy能量；D. weight重量。根据前文“the harness”可知，安全带的作用是承接人体重量以保障高空安全，take one’s weight为固定搭配，表示“承受某人的重量”。故选D。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我放松地靠在安全带上，腿不再发抖了。A. crashed碰撞；B. eased缓缓放入；C. looked看；D. ran跑。根据后文“and my legs stopped trembling”可知，作者靠进安全带，因此腿不再颤抖了。ease into 表示“慢慢适应、放松地进入”。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起慢慢地下降到剩下的路程。A. pushed推；B. dropped落下；C. lowered下降；D. carried携带。根据前文“Halfway down the cliff at an overhanging rock”可知，作者和爸爸一起慢慢地下降到剩下的路程。lower oneself 表示“使自己缓缓降下”。故选C。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们触地时，我的腿一软，我对安全带的稳固感到非常感激。A. crossed交叉；B. marched行军；C. broke折断；D. collapsed倒塌，虚弱。根据常识和后文“when we touched the ground”可知，经历了悬崖上的疲惫和危险，落地后腿部因脱力而瘫软是正常的生理反应。故选D。 12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. quietness安静；B. solidness稳固；C. warmth温暖；D. patience耐心。根据前文“touched the ground”可知，和悬崖的悬空、不稳定相比，地面的特质是坚实稳固。故选B。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我们继续进行了更多的山地冒险，每一次都挑战了我认为自己能力的极限。A. capable有能力的；B. careful小心的；C. tired疲惫的；D. guilty内疚的。根据前文“each pushing the limits of what I thought”可知，此处指突破能力极限，“be capable of”为固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”。故选A。 14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我会感到恐惧和怀疑，但我总是信任爸爸。A. respected尊敬；B. followed跟随；C. supported支持；D. trusted信任。根据后文“I knew we’d make it home-tired, dirty, but safe.”可知，在攀岩遇险时，爸爸给出指导帮助作者脱险。所以作者总是信任爸爸。故选D。 15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每一次冒险都成为家庭聚餐时的传奇故事，每一次走错路、突如其来的风暴或小伤都只会增添故事的色彩。A. broke down出故障；B. added to增添；C. arose from产生于；D. relied on依靠。根据前文“Every adventure became a legend at family dinners, and every wrong turn, sudden storm, or minor injury”可知，这些意外和小插曲会让冒险故事更丰富有趣，为故事增添内容。故选B。 Passage 8 （25-26高一上 深圳南山外国语学校·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection. 1 The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives? Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing. 2 There are many ways you can show love to your friends. Tell them how much they mean to you. Remind them you are grateful to know them. These simple acts provide security in the relationship. 3 Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them. Share your joys, struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!” 4 Many people hold the view that it can be scary to be open with our feelings. It can come with the risk of shame or rejection. But people are less likely to reject you for being weak than you think. Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise. 5 It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better. A. Tell them how much you value them. B. Support them with your skills and talents. C. It’s about communicating love and appreciation. D. In fact, it’s linked to our mental and physical health. E. It means they accept us for who we are, the good and the bad. F. People feel hurt when someone doesn’t keep their private information. G. But dealing with conflict in a healthy way can deepen your friendships. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何加深友谊提出了一些建议。 【1题详解】 根据上文“It is well known that humans need meaningful social connection.(众所周知，人类需要有意义的社会联系)”以及后文“The stronger our relationships are, the more likely we are to live better. So how do we deepen friendships in our lives?(我们的关系越牢固，我们就越有可能生活得更好。那么我们如何在生活中加深友谊呢？)”可知，后文提到了关系有助于生活得更好，说明社会联系与身心健康有关，故D选项“事实上，它与我们的身心健康有关”符合语境，故选D。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Shower them with affection. We often think of affection as love we show in romantic relationships. But affection is more than holding hands and kissing.(用爱浇灌他们。我们通常认为感情是我们在恋爱关系中表现出来的爱。但感情不仅仅是牵手和亲吻)”可知，本句是在说明感情真正的内涵：关于爱和感激的交流。故C选项“这是关于爱和感激的交流”符合语境，故选C。 【3题详解】 根据本段内容“Being generous with your friends is an easy way to develop your friendships. If you’re a gym rat, you could help your friend train for a coming race they have. Or if your friend is applying for a university, you can use your research and analysis skills to put together a presentation for them.(对朋友慷慨大方是发展友谊的一个简单方法。如果你是一个健身狂，你可以帮助你的朋友为即将到来的比赛进行训练。或者如果你的朋友正在申请一所大学，你可以用你的研究和分析技能为他们准备一份报告)”可知，后文提到了用研究和分析技能为朋友准备报告，可知本段的主旨是利用技能来评价朋友。故B选项“用你的技能和才能来支持他们”符合语境，故选B。 【4题详解】 根据上文“Share your joys, struggles and even guilt. Think about how good it feels to tell a friend you secretly like a boring TV show and hear them respond “me too!”(分享你的快乐，挣扎，甚至内疚。想象一下，当你告诉一个朋友你偷偷喜欢一个无聊的电视节目，然后听到他们回答“我也是!”)”可知，本句承接上文，说明表示赞同的意义：意味着他们接受我们本来的样子，不管是好是坏。故E选项“这意味着他们接受我们本来的样子，不管是好是坏”符合语境，故选E。 【5题详解】 根据上文“Don’t hide your disagreements. It’s hard to deal with conflict in friendships. People often see them as something that should be fun and lighthearted, so they ignore problems when they arise.(不要隐藏你的分歧。在友谊中处理冲突是很难的。人们通常认为它们应该是有趣和轻松的，所以当问题出现时，他们忽略了)”以及后文“It might be painful at first, but it shows you want to be honest with them, and that you want to make your relationship better.(一开始可能会很痛苦，但这表明你想对他们诚实，你想让你们的关系更好)”可知，上文提到忽视问题，后文提到感到痛苦，推测本句与上文构成转折，指出如何处理冲突的方法，故G选项“但是以健康的方式处理冲突可以加深你们的友谊”符合语境，故选G。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上 河北石家庄市一中·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. 1 . In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. ●Practice gratitude (感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 2 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. ● Make yourself wait Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 3 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations. ● 4 . So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 5 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient. A. Find your causes B. Start with small tasks C. Accept the uncomfortable D. All this adds up to a state of hurry E. It can also help us practice more patience F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【答案】1. G 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 【1题详解】 根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 【3题详解】 根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 【4题详解】 根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 【5题详解】 根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 10 （25-26高一上 河北秦皇岛市·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For Marko, going off to college meant 1 (stay) focused on academics and athletics. However, arriving on campus, he felt at a loss and lonely at times. The amount of work 2 (require) outside of class was more than he expected. Marko had close friends in high school, but because of his demanding new schedule, he lost touch 3 many of them. Sadness set in and over winter break, Marko felt very depressed. 4 (unfortunate), Marko’s story is not unique. The sudden change that 5 (occur) with the transition (过渡) is a reality for most freshmen. They must learn how 6 (balance) parties and studying; they may also be battling homesickness. As parents, how can you support your teenagers? First, help them find a trusted adult mentor (导师) 7 can provide a unique point of view. Second, work with your teenager to master some everyday skills, such as doing laundry and managing money. If basic skills 8 (deal) with before starting college life, another level of stress will be removed. Finally, spend time talking about ways to deal with 9 (anxious). Hearing about highs and lows from your own experiences normalizes their challenges. Remember the college transition is a journey of growth for 10 entire family. 【答案】1. staying 2. required 3. with 4. Unfortunately 5. occurs 6. to balance 7. who/that 8. are dealt 9. anxiety 10. the 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何帮助青少年适应大学生活。 【1题详解】 考查动名词。句意：对Marko来说，上大学意味着专注于学业和运动。本空作meant的宾语，mean doing sth.表示“意味着做某事”，本空用动名词staying，作宾语。故填staying。 【2题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：课外所需的工作量比他预期的要多。本空修饰名词work，require与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词required，作后置定语，故填required。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：Marko在高中时有亲密的朋友，但由于新的日程安排很紧张，他与他们中的许多人失去了联系。lose touch with sb.表示“与某人失去联系”，with为介词。故填with。 【4题详解】 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，Marko的故事并不罕见。本空修饰句子，作状语，用副词unfortunately“不幸的是”，句首单词，首字母大写。故填Unfortunately。 【5题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种过渡所带来的突然变化是大多数大一新生的现实。此处描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语that指代先行词change，为单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式occurs，故填occurs。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们必须学会如何平衡聚会和学习；他们可能还在与思乡之情作斗争。learn how to do sth.表示“学会如何做某事”，本空用不定式to balance，故填to balance。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：首先，帮助他们找到一个值得信赖的成年导师，他能提供独特的观点。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词mentor，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导，故填who/that。 【8题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：如果在开始大学生活之前处理好基本技能，就会消除另一层压力。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，basic skills与deal with之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are，故填are dealt。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：最后，花时间讨论如何处理焦虑。本空作介词with的宾语，用名词anxiety“焦虑”，故填anxiety。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：记住，大学过渡是整个家庭成长的旅程。family是可数名词，此处表特指，用定冠词the，故填the。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. After the huge argument, their marriage has been ________（岌岌可危）for months. 答案： on the rocks 解析： on the rocks 意为“（关系、婚姻等）陷于困境，濒临破裂”。此处作表语，说明婚姻状态。句中的 has been 提示现在完成时，搭配 for months 表示从过去持续至今的状态。 2. The parents asked the babysitter never to let the child run ________（脱离他们的视线）. 答案： out of their sight 解析： out of one’s sight 意为“脱离某人的视线”。此处 one’s 需根据主语 parents 改为 their，构成 out of their sight，作 run 的状语补足语，表示“跑到看不见的地方”。let the child run out of their sight 即“让孩子跑出他们的视线”。 3. When asked about the missing file, the manager stood there ________（不知所措）. 答案： at a loss 解析： at a loss 意为“不知所措，困惑”，常与 about/as to 搭配，但单独作表语或状语也可。此处 stood there at a loss 作伴随状语，表示“站在那里不知所措”。句中的过去时态 stood 提示一般过去时。 4. The driver insisted that he was not ________（有错）in the accident, but the video proved otherwise. 答案： in the wrong 解析： in the wrong 意为“有错，应承担责任”，常作表语。此处 was not in the wrong 表示“没有过错”。that 从句中用一般过去时 was，与主句时态一致。注意 wrong 前有定冠词 the，为固定搭配。 5. It’s time for you to ________（放下）the past and move forward with your life. 答案： let go of 解析： let go of 意为“放弃；放开”，后接宾语。此处接 the past，表示“放下过去”。It’s time for sb to do sth 结构，故用动词原形 let go of。注意 let 的过去式与原形同形，但此处为不定式，故用原形。 6. Constant worry and stress have been ________（逐渐侵蚀）her health over the years. 答案： eating away at 解析： eat away at 意为“腐蚀，逐渐破坏”，强调缓慢的损害过程。句中的 have been 提示现在完成进行时，故用 eating away at（现在分词形式）。主语是 worry and stress（复数），助动词 have 正确。over the years 呼应持续性动作。 7. Don’t let your career ambitions ________（损害你和家人的关系）your family relationships. 答案： come between you and 解析： come between ... and ... 意为“损害……与……之间的关系”，中间插入两个对象。此处空格后已有 your family relationships，故填 come between you and，构成 come between you and your family relationships。let 后接宾语补足语，用动词原形 come。注意人称代词用宾格 you。 8. They have stood by each other ________（不顾艰难险阻）for over thirty years. 答案： through thick and thin 解析： through thick and thin 意为“不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦”，作状语。此处修饰 stood by each other，表示“无论顺境逆境都相互支持”。句中的 have stood 为现在完成时，for over thirty years 提示持续状态。 9. The two countries are working hard to ________（消除）their differences and reach a peace agreement. 答案： smooth out 解析： smooth out 意为“消除，克服（问题、分歧等）”，后接 differences。句中的 are working 提示现在进行时，但不定式 to 后接动词原形，故填 smooth out。smooth out their differences 即“消除分歧”。 10. The local community supported the project ________（最大程度地）, providing both funds and volunteers. 答案： in full measure 解析： in full measure 意为“最大程度地，充分地”，作方式状语。此处修饰 supported，表示“全力支持”。句中的过去时 supported 提示一般过去时。in full measure 为固定介词短语，不作任何变形。 二、翻译句子 A Friendship Restored My friendship with Jack was once on the rocks due to an awkward misunderstanding on social media. (1) 一位好心的朋友耍的把戏made us both angry and hurt. Jack ignored my messages and refused to chat with me in cafes. I felt at a loss, and (2) 侵蚀我日常生活的痛苦was unbearable. In my opinion, I was not in the wrong, but I realized I had to let go of my pride. (3) 我曾多年依靠的那位朋友now seemed so distant. I decided to apologize frankly and wrote a blog to bring out my sincere reflection. (4) 那篇以宽恕为主题的博客, helped me smooth out the conflict. Eventually, we met in person and recovered our bond. (5) 说过“友谊是木筏”的那位诗人was indeed right. We now respect each other and enjoy every moment in full measure. 答案： 1. the trick which a well-meaning friend played → 一位好心的朋友耍的（把戏） 2. the pain that ate away at my daily life → 侵蚀我日常生活的（痛苦） 3. the friend whom I had counted on for years → 我曾多年依靠的（那位朋友） 4. the blog, whose theme was forgiveness → 以宽恕为主题的（那篇博客） 5. the poet who said "friendship is a raft" → 说过“友谊是木筏”的（那位诗人） 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说，他在交友时遇到了困惑：班上有一位同学非常诚实，但性格内向、兴趣相投；另一位同学性格开朗、幽默有趣，但偶尔会说些“善意的谎言”。Tom不知道该优先考虑诚实还是性格，希望听听你的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 你的明确选择； 2. 陈述两点理由。 注意： 词数80–100； 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 条理清晰，语言连贯，可适当举例。 Dear Tom, Knowing that you are puzzled about whether honesty or personality matters more in making friends, I’d like to share my thoughts with you. _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope these suggestions will help you. Looking forward to hearing about your new school life. Yours, Li Hua 范文及解析 Dear Tom, Knowing that you are puzzled about whether honesty or personality matters more in making friends, I’d like to share my thoughts with you. Personally, I think honesty is more important. First, honesty builds trust, which is the very basis of any true friendship. Without trust, even the most cheerful personality cannot keep a friendship lasting long. Second, personality can be influenced by environment and time, but honesty reflects a person’s inner quality. A friend who is honest may not always make you laugh, but he will never betray you when you are in trouble. In my opinion, a humorous but dishonest friend may entertain you for a while, but a sincere one can accompany you through thick and thin. I hope these suggestions will help you. Looking forward to hearing about your new school life. Yours, Li Hua 详细解析 一、内容结构与要点落实 段落 内容 对应要求 第1段（开头句已给） 呼应Tom的困惑，表明写信目的 开头已给，不计入正文 第2段（正文首句） 明确选择：诚实更重要 要点1：你的明确选择 第2段（中间部分） 理由1：诚实建立信任，是友谊的基础；理由2：性格可变，诚实反映内在品质 要点2：陈述两点理由 第3段 对比总结：幽默但不诚实只能短暂取悦，真诚者能长久陪伴 强化观点，自然过渡 第4段（结尾已给） 表达祝愿 结尾已给，不计入正文 正文词数统计：96词（不含已给的开头和结尾），完全符合80–100词要求。 二、语言亮点与短语运用 through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻; in my opinion 在我看来; honesty builds trust 诚实建立信任; the very basis 正是……的基础; reflects a person’s inner quality 反映一个人的内在品质; betray you 背叛你; entertain you for a while 暂时让你开心; accompany you 陪伴你; 三、连接词与逻辑推进 连接词/过渡语 功能 Personally 表明个人立场，引出观点 First ... Second ... 分点陈述理由，条理清晰 but 对比转折，突出诚实者的长期价值 In my opinion 再次强调主观判断，引出总结 for a while vs through thick and thin 对比鲜明，增强说服力 四、句法多样性 句型 示例 功能 宾语从句 I think honesty is more important. 直接表达观点 定语从句 trust, which is the very basis of any true friendship 补充说明，提升语言层次 让步状语从句 A friend who is honest may not always make you laugh, but ... 对比强调 条件状语从句（隐含） ... he will never betray you when you are in trouble. 使论证更具体 五、写作技巧总结 1. 立场明确，不模棱两可：直接选择“诚实”，避免“都重要”“看情况”等模糊表述，符合题目要求“给出明确选择”。 2. 理由具体且有层次：第一点从“信任基础”角度，第二点从“内在品质”角度，两个角度不重复，形成互补。 3. 善用对比增强说服力：第3段将“幽默但不诚实”与“真诚”对比，使选择更合理。 4. 结尾呼应开头：再次提到“through thick and thin”，既用了词表中的地道短语，又回扣了友谊主题。 5. 语言得体：书信语气亲切自然，既给出建议又不强加于人，符合笔友间的交流风格。 六、可替换表达 如果想换个角度写，也可以尝试以下替代表达，但需保证立场一致： 选择“诚实”的理由还可说：Honesty saves time and energy because you don’t have to guess what your friend really thinks.（诚实节省时间和精力。） 选择“性格”的理由（若想写反方）：A cheerful personality brings positive energy, which makes daily interactions more enjoyable.（开朗的性格带来正能量。） 结尾可换用：In a word, a true friend is not the one who always pleases you, but the one who always tells you the truth.（总之，真正的朋友不是总让你开心的人，而是总对你说真话的人。） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $