Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a～2c) 教学设计2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语教学设计聚焦“朋友是否应该相同”的友谊观阅读与讨论，涵盖网络帖子体裁分析、性格词汇（如shy, outgoing）及both/respect用法。课堂导入通过哪吒和敖丙的外貌、性格等维度比较，复习形容词比较级，自然引出主题，搭建新旧知识学习支架。 此资料以任务型教学与合作学习为特色，通过略读、精读等策略分层引导阅读，1e讨论环节让学生辩证分析相似与不同朋友的价值，提升思维品质。词汇游戏和语境猜词培养学习能力，中西方友谊观对比渗透文化意识，助力学生形成包容友谊观，也为教师提供清晰教学路径。

Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a~2c) 教案 —— Same or Different 阅读课（人教版八年级上册 2026-2027学年） 课题 Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a~2c) 学科 英语 年级 八年级 教材版本 人教版（2024） 课时 第 3 课时 课型 阅读课 教学方法 任务型教学法、阅读教学法、合作学习法 教学用具 多媒体课件、黑板、粉笔 学情分析 八年级学生已经学习了形容词比较级的基本用法，能够对人物外貌、爱好和性格进行简单比较。本课Section B为阅读课，主题是"朋友是否应该相同"，内容涉及网络帖子体裁，围绕相似朋友和不同朋友各自的优势展开讨论。学生需要具备一定的英语阅读理解能力，能够理解较长篇幅的英文帖子并提取关键信息。同时，学生需要在本课中掌握新词汇（population, pleasant, pleasure, especially, average等）和重要语言点（both, respect的用法），并在讨论中表达自己对友谊的看法。部分学生可能对长篇阅读存在畏难情绪，需要通过分层任务逐步引导。 教学目标 ①语言能力：掌握描述性格特征的词汇（shy, outgoing, lazy, direct, serious, hard-working, population, pleasant, pleasure, differences, especially, average, spare, kilometres等）；能读懂关于友谊观差异的网络帖子并获取关键信息；能运用both, respect等词汇和表达进行写作。②学习能力：通过略读、精读、推断等阅读策略理解文章内容；通过词汇游戏和语境猜词法学习新词；通过小组讨论锻炼口语表达能力。③思维品质：培养辩证思维能力，能从正反两方面分析"朋友是否应该相同"的问题，形成自己的友谊观。④文化意识：了解中西方友谊观的异同，理解尊重差异、包容多样性在跨文化交际中的重要性。 教学重难点 重点：理解网络帖子的内容，区分Matt和Diana对友谊的不同观点；掌握核心词汇和短语（shy, outgoing, direct, serious, hard-working, both, respect, especially等）；运用阅读策略（略读、精读、推断）完成各项阅读任务。难点：区分相似朋友和不同朋友各自的优势并形成自己的观点；正确使用both和respect的多种用法；理解并运用阅读策略完成人物观点匹配和深层理解题。 一、教学过程 Step 1 Warming up（热身导入）（5~8 min） 【教师活动】T: Good morning, everyone! Today we're going to read an interesting topic about friendship. Before we start, let's look at two famous characters. Do you know who they are? 【学生活动】Ss: Yes! They are Nezha and Ao Bing! 【教师活动】T: That's right! Nezha and Ao Bing are good friends, but they are very different from each other. Let's compare them in detail. First, look at their appearance. What differences can you find? 【学生活动】Ss: Nezha is shorter than Ao Bing. Ao Bing has longer hair. But they are both cool! 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Now let's look at their personalities. Who is more outgoing? Who is quieter? 【学生活动】Ss: Nezha is more outgoing, and Ao Bing is quieter. But both of them are brave! 【教师活动】T: Great observation! What about their habits and strengths? Let's look at more details. 【学生活动】Ss: Nezha goes out more often and stays up later. Ao Bing is more disciplined. They both practice as hard as each other. Nezha fights better with fire, and Ao Bing controls ice more skillfully. Both are powerful! 【教师活动】T: Wonderful! You described their similarities and differences so well. This leads us to a very interesting question for today's lesson. 【教师活动】T: Should friends be the same or different? Think about it for a moment. Can you give me your opinion? 【学生活动】Ss: (学生思考并讨论朋友是否应该相同) 【学生活动】Ss: I think friends can be different because we can learn from each other! Some students think it's better to have similar friends because we have more in common! 【教师活动】T: Great! Everyone has different opinions. Now let's read a passage and see what other people think about this question. 【知识点】人物比较维度与Pre-reading：① Appearance（外貌）：Nezha shorter, Ao Bing longer hair, as cool as each other；② Personality（性格）：Nezha more outgoing, Ao Bing quieter, both brave；③ Habit（习惯）：Nezha goes out more often, stays up later, both practice as hard；④ Strength（能力）：Nezha fights better with fire, Ao Bing controls ice more skillfully, both powerful。核心问题：Should friends be the same or different? 1a问题：Are you similar to or different from your friends? In what ways? 回答示例：I am similar/different from my friend because... / We both like... 【过渡语】通过哪吒和敖丙的比较，同学们已经复习了人物比较的维度，并引发了关于"朋友是否应该相同"的思考。接下来进入Pre-reading环节，先想一想你和你的朋友之间的异同。 Step 2 Pre-reading（读前准备）（3~5 min） 【教师活动】T: Before we read, let's do Activity 1a. Think about your best friend. Are you similar to or different from your friend? In what ways? Please think about appearance, hobbies, habits, and personalities. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生思考自己和好朋友之间的异同) 【学生活动】Ss: I am similar to my best friend because we both like sports, but I am taller. Another student is different from her best friend — she likes reading but her friend likes music. 【教师活动】T: Excellent examples! You all have different types of friendships. Some of you have similar friends, and some have different friends. Both types of friendships are special. Now let's read the passage and see what Matt and Diana think about this. 【理解要点】网络帖子体裁特征 本课阅读材料是网络帖子（Internet post），来源于网络论坛（Internet/notice board）。网络帖子通常由网友自由发表观点，语言较为口语化和生活化，有时包含缩写和简化表达。阅读时应注意区分不同发言人的观点和态度。 【过渡语】通过Pre-reading环节，同学们已经思考了自己和好朋友之间的异同。接下来进入While-reading环节，我们一起来阅读这篇关于友谊观差异的网络帖子。 Step 3 While-reading（阅读理解）（12~15 min） 【教师活动】T: Now open your textbooks to Section B. First, let's do Activity 1b. Look at the text type and source. What kind of text is this? Where does it come from? 【学生活动】Ss: This is a post from the Internet. People share their opinions about friendship online. 【教师活动】T: Correct! This is an Internet post. It includes opinions from different people about friendship. Now let's read carefully and find out Matt's opinion. What does Matt think about friendship? 【学生活动】Ss: Matt thinks a good friend is like a mirror. He prefers friends who are similar to himself. He believes that similar hobbies, interests, and personalities help friends understand each other better. And similar friends can push each other to improve. 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Matt believes similar friends are better. Now what about Diana? What is her opinion? 【学生活动】Ss: Diana thinks different friends can make you a better person. She says we should respect each other's differences and learn from each other's strengths. Different friends can help change our weak points. 【教师活动】T: Great! So we have two different opinions. Matt likes similar friends, and Diana values different friends. Now let's do Activity 1c. Match the people with their descriptions. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生完成1c人物匹配) 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers. 1. Matt → A: He likes reading novels. 2. Stephen → B: He reads more history books. 3. Diana → D: She is shy. 4. Yuan Lei → E: He helps Diana become more outgoing. 5. Zhang Yong → C: He gives direct opinions. 【知识点】1b阅读理解 — 两种友谊观：Matt的观点：好朋友像镜子(a good friend is like a mirror)；偏好相似的朋友；相同爱好/兴趣/性格能互相了解；similar friends push each other to improve。Diana的观点：不同的朋友能让人更好；应尊重彼此差异(respect differences)；学习对方优点；different friends help change weak points。1c人物匹配：1.Matt→A(读小说) 2.Stephen→B(读更多历史书) 3.Diana→D(害羞) 4.Yuan Lei→E(帮助Diana变外向) 5.Zhang Yong→C(直接给意见)。 【判断技巧】快速定位人物观点 阅读网络帖子时，首先快速浏览找到每个人名，然后仔细阅读该人物段落，提取核心观点。Matt=mirror+similar; Diana=different+respect。匹配题的关键是找到人物和描述之间的对应关系。 【过渡语】通过While-reading环节，同学们已经理解了Matt和Diana关于友谊的不同观点，并完成了人物匹配任务。接下来进入Post-reading环节，深入分析文章内容。 Step 4 Post-reading 1d（读后问答）（10~12 min） 【教师活动】T: Now let's answer the questions in Activity 1d. These questions will help us understand the passage more deeply. Question 1: Why does Matt think a friend is like a mirror? 【学生活动】Ss: Because they share the same hobbies, interests, and personalities. A mirror reflects who you are. 【教师活动】T: Good! Question 2: Why is Matt getting better at badminton? 【学生活动】Ss: Because his friend Stephen plays better. Matt tries harder to improve. Similar friends push each other! 【教师活动】T: Excellent! Question 3: Is Stephen similar to Matt? 【学生活动】Ss: Yes! They both love sports and are equally serious about studying. They also enjoy reading together. 【教师活动】T: Perfect! Question 4: Is Yuan Lei different from Diana? 【学生活动】Ss: Yes, very different! Diana is shy, but Yuan Lei is outgoing with great humour. 【教师活动】T: Great! Question 5: Why is Diana glad to have Zhang Yong as a friend? 【学生活动】Ss: Because Zhang Yong gives direct opinions. When Diana makes mistakes, Zhang Yong points them out and helps her correct them. 【教师活动】T: Excellent! And the last question, Question 6: How should we treat differences between friends? 【学生活动】Ss: We should respect differences, not judge each other, learn good qualities from each other, accept shortcomings, and communicate gently. 【知识点】1d问答详解：Q1: Matt认为朋友像镜子，因为same hobbies/interests/personalities。Q2: Matt羽毛球进步因为Stephen打得更好，Matt努力练习——similar friends push each other。Q3: Stephen和Matt相似，都热爱运动、同样认真、一起阅读。Q4: Yuan Lei和Diana不同——Diana害羞，Yuan Lei外向且幽默。Q5: Diana高兴有Zhang Yong因为direct opinions帮助纠正错误。Q6: 应尊重差异、不评判、学习优点、接受缺点、温和沟通。 【重点强调】阅读策略总结 ① 略读(Skimming)：快速浏览文章，抓住文章大意和各段主题；② 精读(Scanning)：根据问题定位关键信息，找到具体细节；③ 推断(Inferring)：根据文章信息进行合理推断和总结。本课要求综合运用三种策略完成阅读任务。 【过渡语】通过1d问答环节，同学们已经深入理解了文章的细节内容。接下来进入1e讨论环节，进一步探讨友谊的深层意义。 Step 5 Post-reading 1e（讨论升华）（5~8 min） 【教师活动】T: Now let's discuss some deeper questions in Activity 1e. Think about these questions: What can similarities bring to friendship? What can differences bring? 【学生活动】Ss: (学生分组讨论) 【学生活动】Ss: Similarities can bring shared hobbies, better understanding, and push progress. Differences can bring learning new skills and ideas, more fun, and help fix mistakes! 【教师活动】T: Very good! Now the most important question: What really matters in a friendship? 【学生活动】Ss: Trust and honesty! Respect! Support! Communication! Learning together! 【教师活动】T: Excellent! You have all mentioned the most important things. Whether friends are the same or different, what truly matters is trust, honesty, respect, support, good communication, and learning together. These are the foundations of a strong friendship. 【知识点】1e讨论总结：相似的好处：shared hobbies, understand better, push progress。不同的好处：learn new skills/ideas, more fun, help fix mistakes。友谊中最重要的：trust/honesty, respect, support, communication, learning together。结论：朋友是否相同并不重要，重要的是信任、尊重和支持。 【知识拓展】友谊的多元视角 在西方文化中，友谊通常基于共同的兴趣和活动，但也强调"opposites attract"——性格互补的朋友同样常见。研究表明，相似的价值观和人生目标比相似的爱好更为重要。无论朋友是否相似，相互尊重和理解才是友谊的基石。 【过渡语】通过讨论环节，同学们对友谊有了更深入的理解。接下来进入Vocabulary in Use环节，通过词汇练习巩固本课的新单词。 Step 6 Vocabulary in Use（词汇运用）（10~12 min） 【教师活动】T: Now let's do the vocabulary exercises. First, Activity 2a. Look at the word snake and find the words. Then match them with their meanings. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生完成2a词汇蛇形游戏) 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers. The words are: shy, outgoing, lazy, direct, serious, hard-working. Shy means not confident in front of others. Outgoing means friendly and enjoying being with people. Lazy means not willing to work. Direct means saying what you think honestly. Serious means not joking. Hard-working means putting a lot of effort into work. 【学生活动】Ss: We found all the words and matched them correctly! 【知识点】2a+2b核心词汇：2a性格词：shy（害羞的）、outgoing（外向的）、lazy（懒惰的）、direct（直率的）、serious（严肃的）、hard-working（勤奋的）。2b综合词：population（人口）、pleasant（令人愉快的-形容词）、pleasure（快乐/荣幸-名词）、differences（差异）、especially（尤其）、average（平均的）、spare（空闲的）、kilometres（千米/公里）。注意pleasure(名词) vs pleasant(形容词)的区别。 【教师活动】T: Good! Now Activity 2b. Choose the correct word to fill in each blank. Read the sentences carefully and think about the context. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生完成2b选词填空) 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers. The eight sentences use these words: population, pleasant, pleasure, differences, especially, average, spare, kilometres. Pay attention to the part of speech and collocation for each word. 【教师活动】T: Now Activity 2c. Use the correct form of the words to complete the paragraph about The Prince and the Pauper. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生完成2c段落填空) 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers. The words to use are: novel, alike, personalities, Besides, difference. This paragraph is about the famous story The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain. Two boys who look alike but have very different lives. 【易错提示】pleasure vs pleasant pleasure 是名词，意为"快乐、荣幸"，如 It is a pleasure to meet you. pleasant 是形容词，意为"令人愉快的"，如 a pleasant day / a pleasant surprise。两个词容易混淆，请注意区分词性。另外注意 especially 和 specially 的区别：especially 意为"尤其、特别"，specially 意为"专门地、特意地"。 【过渡语】通过词汇练习，同学们已经掌握了本课核心词汇的用法。接下来学习本课的语言点，加深对both和respect的理解。 Step 7 Language Points（语言点讲解）（5~8 min） 【教师活动】T: Let's learn two important language points. First: both. 'Both' can be used as a pronoun and an adjective. As a pronoun, it means 'the two' or 'the two of them'. For example: 'Both of them are students.' 'Both are important.' We can also use 'both...and...' to connect two subjects, verbs, or adjectives. For example: 'Both Tom and Jerry like sports.' 'She is both smart and hard-working.' 【教师活动】T: Second: respect. As a verb, it means 'to admire someone' or 'to show honour to someone'. We use the pattern: respect sb for (doing) sth. For example: 'I respect him for his honesty.' As a noun, it means 'honour' or 'esteem'. For example: 'We should show respect to our teachers.' 【学生活动】Ss: (学生记录语言点：both的两种用法、respect的两种用法) 【知识点】语言点归纳：① both — 代词（二者都）：both of..., both are/is...；连词（既……又……）：both...and...；形容词（二者的）：both sides, both hands。② respect — 动词（尊敬、尊重）：respect sb for (doing) sth（因为……而尊敬某人）；名词（敬意、尊重）：show respect to/towards sb（对某人表示敬意）。例句：I respect her for her courage. / We should respect each other. / Both of us are right. / Both you and I are students. 【易错提示】both...and... 的谓语动词 both...and... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Both Tom and Jack like sports.（不是likes）。另外，both 用于否定句时表示部分否定：Both of them don’t like it. = 并非两人都喜欢。如果要表示完全否定，应使用 neither: Neither of them likes it. = 两人都不喜欢。 【过渡语】语言点讲解完毕。接下来进入当堂检测环节，通过练习来检验同学们对本课知识的掌握情况。 Step 8 Exercises（当堂检测）（8~10 min） 【教师活动】T: Let's do the exercises. First, four multiple choice questions. Then four sentence completion questions. Read carefully and choose the best answer. 【学生活动】Ss: (学生独立完成选择题和完成句子练习) I. 单项选择 1. Some ________ can make friendship more interesting. A. differences B. habits C. interests D. difficulties 2. She has a good ________ of direction and never gets lost. A. interest B. personality C. role D. sense 3. Good friends should learn from ________. A. from B. to C. with D. for 4. Diana was happy, ________ when Zhang Yong helped her correct mistakes. A. especially B. usually C. often D. always II. 完成句子 1. ________ ________ (例如), Yuan Lei is very outgoing and always makes Diana laugh. 2. We often ________ ________ (闲逛) together after school. 3. ________ ________ (多亏) Zhang Yong's direct opinions, Diana improved a lot. 4. Don't be afraid of ________ ________ (犯错). Everyone makes mistakes. 【教师活动】T: Let's check the answers together. 【学生活动】Ss: 单项选择：1. A（differences使友谊更有趣） 【学生活动】Ss: 2. D（a good sense of direction 方向感好） 【学生活动】Ss: 3. A（learn from each other 互相学习） 【学生活动】Ss: 4. A（especially when 尤其当……时） 【教师活动】T: Good! Now let's check the sentence completion exercises. 【学生活动】Ss: 完成句子：1. For example 2. hang out 3. Thanks to 4. making mistakes 【知识点】当堂检测考点分析：单选1考查differences的语境辨析；单选2考查固定搭配a good sense of direction（方向感）；单选3考查learn from（向……学习）；单选4考查especially（尤其）的用法。完成句子考查：① For example（例如）；② hang out（闲逛）；③ Thanks to（多亏/由于）；④ be afraid of making mistakes（害怕犯错）。especially vs specially易混淆。 【判断技巧】单选题解题策略 ① 先通读全句理解语境；② 分析空格处需要的词性和语法功能；③ 将选项逐一代入验证；④ 注意固定搭配和常用表达。如：a good sense of... / learn from... / especially when... Step 9 Summary & Homework（总结与作业）（2~3 min） 【教师活动】T: Let's summarize what we learned today. New words: shy, outgoing, lazy, direct, serious, hard-working, population, pleasant, pleasure, differences, especially, average, spare, kilometres, novel, alike, personalities, besides. Key sentences: 'A good friend is like a mirror.' 'Different friends can make you a better person.' Language points: both (both of..., both...and...), respect (respect sb for doing sth). 【学生活动】Ss: (学生跟读重点词汇、句型和语言点) 【知识点】本课核心内容总结：① 词汇：性格描述词(shy, outgoing, lazy, direct, serious, hard-working) + 综合词汇(population, pleasant, pleasure, differences, especially, average, spare, kilometres, novel, alike, personalities, besides)。② 句型：A good friend is like a mirror. / Different friends can make you a better person. / Both of them are students. / I respect him for his honesty. ③ 语言点：both（代词+连词）和respect（动词+名词）的用法。 【教师活动】T: Now for today's homework. First, find at least three differences between you and your best friend, and write them down in English. Try to use the words and phrases we learned today. Second, preview the next section. See you next class! 【学生活动】Ss: OK! See you next class! 【教师活动】T: Remember: whether your friends are the same or different, the most important thing is trust, respect, and understanding. Goodbye! 【学生活动】Ss: Goodbye, teacher! 【过渡语】本节课我们围绕"朋友是否应该相同"这一主题，通过阅读网络帖子了解了Matt和Diana的不同友谊观，学习了核心词汇和语言点，并通过讨论探讨了友谊的深层意义。希望同学们课后认真完成作业，巩固所学。 二、板书设计（三栏式） Vocabulary（核心词汇） Key Sentences（重点句型） Language Points（语言点） shy / outgoing lazy / direct serious / hard-working population / pleasant pleasure / differences especially / average A good friend is like a mirror. Different friends make you better. We should respect differences. Both of them are students. Both Tom and Jerry like sports. both: 代词: both of... / both are... 连词: both...and... 形容词: both sides respect: 动词: respect sb for sth 名词: show respect to sb Reading strategies: Skimming / Scanning Inferring / Matching Similar → mirror, push Different → respect, learn What really matters: trust & honesty respect & support communication learning together Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a~2c) Unit 3 Same or Different Section B (1a~2c) 三、教学反思 1. Warming up 环节中哪吒和敖丙的比较是否有效激发了学生的兴趣？学生的参与度如何？ 2. 学生是否能准确区分Matt和Diana对友谊的不同观点？是否存在混淆？ 3. 1c人物匹配的完成情况如何？学生是否能准确找到人物和描述之间的对应关系？ 4. 1d问答环节中，学生是否能用自己的语言回答深层理解问题？回答的质量如何？ 5. 1e讨论环节中，学生是否能从正反两方面分析友谊的优势？讨论的深度如何？ 6. 2a词汇蛇形游戏是否有趣有效？学生是否能在语境中正确运用新词？ 7. 2b选词填空中，pleasure和pleasant的区分是否清晰？学生是否还存在混淆？ 8. 2c段落填空是否有助于学生在完整语境中运用词汇？ 9. both和respect的讲解是否清晰？学生是否能正确运用两种词性的用法？ 10. 当堂检测的准确率如何？哪些题目错误率较高？原因是什么？ 11. especially和specially的区分是否需要更多练习？ 12. 本课阅读任务的设计是否合理？梯度是否适当？是否需要调整？ 13. 板书设计是否清晰地呈现了本课的知识框架？ 14. 课后作业的布置是否能有效促进学生运用本课所学？ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $