综合专题01 阅读理解说明文25篇（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读专项突破，按科技发明、自然生态等五大主题分类，25篇模拟题覆盖细节理解、词义猜测等核心题型，强化信息获取与逻辑分析能力，提升语言理解与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科技发明类|5篇（含AI、太空探索等主题）|细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断|围绕科技现象，训练说明文体裁下的信息定位与逻辑推断| |自然生态类|5篇（含气候变化、环境保护等主题）|主旨归纳、细节理解、推理判断|结合生态议题，强化说明文中因果关系与数据解读能力| |健康医学类|5篇（含疾病研究、心理健康等主题）|词义猜测、推理判断、细节理解|聚焦健康话题，提升说明文中科学概念与实验结论的理解| |社会研究类|5篇（含教育方式、社交关系等主题）|推理判断、主旨归纳、细节理解|围绕社会现象，训练说明文中观点与论据的分析能力| |历史文化类|5篇（含语言演变、节日起源等主题）|词义猜测、推理判断、主旨归纳|结合文化议题，强化说明文中历史背景与文化意义的解读|

综合专题01 阅读理解说明文(25篇) 考向一 科技发明类(AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展) Passage 1 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B Passage 2 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B Passage 3 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A Passage 4 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C Passage 5 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. B 考向二 自然生态类(气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护) Passage 1 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C Passage 2 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D Passage 3 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D Passage 4 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C Passage 5 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B 考向三 健康医学类(疾病研究、饮食营养、运动科学、心理健康) Passage 1 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A Passage 2 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. A Passage 3 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B Passage 4 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D Passage 5 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 考向四 社会研究类(教育方式、行为心理、社交关系) Passage 1 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C Passage 2 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B Passage 3 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A Passage 4 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. A Passage 5 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B 考向五 历史文化类(语言演变、节日起源、建筑风格) Passage 1 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B Passage 2 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D Passage 3 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D Passage 4 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A Passage 5 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合专题01 阅读理解说明文(25篇) 考向一 科技发明类(AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展) Passage 1 (2026届江苏南京市部分学校“零模”考前训练题英语)You know exercise is heart smart and good for you. But do you really know how much physical activity you’re getting? Studies show that using a fitness tracker-a device that tracks your movement—can increase your steps per day by more than a mile. “Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health,” says cardiologist(心脏病医生) Seth Martin. “Being more active and changing your habits is important but difficult. Tracking likely helps people when combined with a clear goal to shoot for.” Having an objective daily record can open people’s eyes to how little exercise they’re getting, Martin says, which can recalibrate their mindset(心态) and get motivated. People find ways to incorporate(融入) more activities into their day, walking during meetings, or simply taking the stairs instead of an elevator. “Fitness tracking gives people information and enables them to start making changes for heart health,” Martin says. Try a few trackers until you find one that’s comfortable for you and your budget. Martin suggests, “Once you’ve made a match, you can try the next steps: Use the tracker consistently every day. Set a goal and then find activities you enjoy that also fit into your daily life and can be sustained over the long term. Finally, encourage friends and family to use trackers as well. It can create a social support network and even foster a sense of competition. Follow these tips, and you’ll be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier heart.” So be ready, as doctors learn and introduce even better ways to use these devices. In a randomized clinical trial, Martin and his colleagues tested an automated, real-time, personalized program that sent coaching text messages to cardiology patients based on data from a wearable device paired with their phone. Over the short term, this coaching system helped increase step counts by over a mile a day beyond tracking alone. “I think technology can be a very powerful tool to get people moving more,” says Martin. 1. According to paragraphs 1-2, what do people fail to do when exercising? A. Integrate movement into work. B. Maintain a daily exercise schedule. C. Kick improper habits of exercising. D. Monitor the amount of physical activity. 2. What does the underlined word “recalibrate” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Adjust. B. Abandon. C. Strengthen. D. Evaluate. 3. What does Martin suggest people do? A. Encourage the family to attend competitions. B. Take exercise under the guidance of a coach. C. Purchase a proper device and use it every day. D. Consult a doctor and decide on suitable activities. 4. What does Martin think of the future of fitness trackers? A. Uncertain. B. Promising. C. Doubtful. D. Sustainable. Passage 2 (2026届河北秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三年级下学期第二次模拟考试)Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites(从未出过海的城里人), even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe. Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous(单调的) yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about “using everything that’s provided to you in nature”, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. “We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.” One of Coleman’s favorite cues, for instance, is the North Star. “It’s very reliable when you sail north of the equator. As you go towards it, it appears to get higher in the sky, so it kind of corresponds with your latitude (纬度). Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction(折射) patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to “read” such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves. Coleman encourages everyone to give natural navigation a go, “I promise you, the brain just loves it,” he says, “there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.” 5. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To put forward an argument. B. To describe a historical fact. C. To make readers think deeply. D. To introduce the topic of the text. 6. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. Junior Coleman succeeded in the journey across desert. B. Traditional navigation has played a vital role throughout. C. Ancient people were good at finding ways in the wild. D. Nature elements provide everything people need in navigation. 7. How to use waves to navigate according to the text? A. By observing the height of the waves. B. By lying down and listening to the waves. C. By noticing certain changes of the waves. D. By following the direction the waves go to. 8. What does Junior Coleman think of natural navigation? A. Potential-inspiring. B. Mind-challenging. C. Time-consuming. D. Logic-strengthening. Passage 3 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟英语试题)Researchers say new evidence suggests Mimas, the icy moon of Saturn(土星), likely has a large underground ocean. Researchers based their finding on data collected by the American space agency NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. Cassini observed Saturn and its more than 140 moons for more than 10 years before ending operations in 2017. Researchers reported the data provided the best evidence yet of a hidden ocean about 20 to 30 kilometers beneath the frozen surface. Mimas is a relatively small moon, about 400 kilometers wide. Researchers say Mimas doesn’t have formations(构造) on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water. These can include a broken surface as well as spring activity. The amount of water thought to exist below the surface of Mimas would represent just 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Earth’s oceans. That is because the moon is very small. However, Mimas does have a very large crater caused by a crash with a space object. The edges of it are raised very high. For this reason, the appearance of the moon has been compared to the fictional “Death Star” space station in the popular movie series Star Wars. The researchers said the underground ocean appears to have formed recently in space terms, possibly between 5 and 15 million years ago. The ocean would likely have an overall temperature of around zero degrees Celsius. But the temperature at the seafloor might be much higher. The water is in contact with the moon’s rocky center, which may create the right complex (复杂的) chemical conditions to support life. But the researchers noted that because the ocean is believed to be young, it might be a challenge for life’s development. However, nobody knows how long life needs to appear from a suitable environment. The ocean on Mimas may offer a unique opportunity to explore the first stage of life’s development. Scientists have said that in the past another moon of Saturn, Enceladus, might possess the warmth, water and chemical materials necessary to support life. 9. What indicates there is water on Mimas? A. Its unusual surface. B. Its small size. C. Its turning speed. D. Its position in space. 10. What does the underlined word “crater” mean in paragraph 5? A. River. B. Mountain. C. Hole. D. Land. 11. Why is it difficult for life to develop on Mimas? A. Its ocean bottom is too warm. B. It has no atmosphere around. C. The water of its ocean is salty. D. Its ocean hasn’t existed long enough. 12. What may the underground ocean help researchers do? A. Study the formation of early life. B. Search for a possible human habitat. C. Look for useful chemical materials. D. Explore the oceans on Earth. Passage 4 (2026届江西省鹰潭市第一中学高三考前最后一卷)The recent discovery of 2025 PN7, a quasi-moon(准卫星) orbiting near Earth, shows both the dynamic nature of our solar system and the advancing capabilities of astronomical observation. This small object, recently detected by the Pan-STARRS telescope, has likely been a faint, unseen companion to our planet for about six decades. Its elusiveness is due to its small size, estimated at 62 feet in diameter, making it the smallest-known object of its kind. It only becomes detectable during its rare close approaches, such as swinging within 186,000 miles from Earth. The existence of 2025 PN7 holds significant scientific value. Firstly, it challenges previous assumptions, suggesting there may be no lower size limit for quasi-satellites, implying many more such small companions could remain undiscovered. Secondly, its origin is of great interest. Like the previously discovered Kamo’oalewa — a target of China’s Tianwen-2 mission — 2025 PN7 is hypothesized to be a rocky, natural object, potentially a fragment from the moon or part of the so-called Arjuna asteroid(小行星) group, which shares Earth-like orbits around the sun. Studying these bodies can unlock secrets of the history of lunar impacts and the composition of near-Earth objects. Furthermore, quasi-moons like 2025 PN7 present practical opportunities for space exploration. As stated by researcher Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, their accessible orbits make them ideal testing grounds for unmanned missions, allowing for the development of planetary exploration technologies with a relatively modest investment. They pose no impact threat, while they serve as convenient stepping stones for deeper space ventures. In conclusion, the discovery of 2025 PN7 is more than merely cataloging a new quasi-satellite. It highlights the endless surprises within our solar system and opens new avenues to understanding planetary formation and advancing space technology, proving that even the smallest astronomical neighbours can yield profound insights. 13. What does the underlined word “elusiveness” in the first paragraph probably mean? A. Hard-to-detect nature. B. Fast-moving characteristic. C. Long-existing property. D. Shape-changing feature. 14. Why does the author mention Kamo’oalewa in the passage? A. To illustrate a possible composition and origin of quasi-moons. B. To compare the exploration plans of different space agencies. C. To prove that all quasi-satellites are targets of space missions. D. To warn about the potential dangers of near-Earth objects. 15. According to the passage, what is a potential practical use for quasi-moons like 2025 PN7? A. Providing rare resources for space research. B. Being used as bases for human space exploration. C. Helping predict the movement of near-Earth asteroids. D. Serving as test sites for technologies of unmanned missions. 16. What can be inferred from the passage about the future study of quasi-moons? A. It may help scientists identify the specific type of 2025 PN7’s origin. B. It will mainly focus on assessing their possible threat to Earth. C. It may deepen scientists’ understanding of the moon’s impact history. D. It will be stopped due to the high cost of developing exploration tools. Passage 5 (2026届广东汕头金中海湾学校高三第二学期考前模拟)WE MAY have been missing signals from intelligent aliens(外星人) because of solar wind. Researchers from the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute say this means we have been watching for the wrong type of signal, potentially failing to spot promising evidence of alien life, but the chances of a future discovery are now higher. The not-for-profit organisation carries out research to help prove the existence of alien life, which includes listening for radio signals from outer space that cannot be explained by natural cosmological phenomena. Such a signal was previously expected to be a sharp, distinct radio signal in a narrow frequency range. But the new research suggests that any such signals sent from distant planets may end up being made fainter and wider in the frequency band — essentially blurred slightly — as they pass through the stellar(恒星) winds of stars. Vishal Gajjar and Grayce Brown at the SETI Institute calculated the scale of the effect on radio transmissions(传输) from spacecraft in our own solar system, and then extrapolated that to other stellar environments. They found that a 100-megahertz signal could be widened as much as 100 hertz — enough to “fall below traditional detection thresholds”. A space weather event can similarly increase the amount of broadening experienced by a signal to a significant degree. John Elliott at the University of St Andrews, UK, says he sees the news as the glass being half-full, not half-empty: it means previous searches may have missed evidence, but also means that future searches will be more likely to succeed. “It’s over 50 years that we’ve been actively searching and that’s a blink of the eye, isn’t it, when you think about it,” says Elliott. 17. Why have researchers possibly failed to receive signals from intelligent aliens? A. The signals cannot reach the Earth. B. Their equipment was not advanced enough. C. The signals did not appear in the expected form. D. Space weather events prevented the signal traveling. 18. How is the alien signal affected by the stellar winds of stars? A. B. C. D. (Note: Plots show relative changes in signal width and strength, not absolute values.) 19. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. How the new findings were reached. B. How spacecraft send radio signals. C. What affects radio signal transmission. D. What helped researchers make progress. 20. Which statement does John Elliott probably agree with? A. Much progress has been made so far. B. Future discoveries will be fruitful. C. Previous searches wasted a lot of time. D. Fifty years is too long for alien hunting. 考向二 自然生态类(气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护) Passage 1 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟)The United Arab Emirates, 80% desert with only 0.7% farming land, struggles with food supply. Unsurprisingly, the oil-rich nation has offered opportunities to companies aiming to change those statistics, as it attempts to find its way toward food supply. HyveGeo, launching a project with Cambridge, is the latest startup that has found a way to turn the desert green while turning a profit too. Using agricultural waste and algae(藻类), the company is creating a mixture designed to boost tree planting projects and food production. And through growing algae, it says it can remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process. The main substance for HyveGeo’s mixture is biochar, a carbon-rich material made by burning organic materials in a low-oxygen environment. HyveGeo is sourcing its organic material from local farms and agricultural waste, and processing it at a pilot site in Abu Dhabi. To date, the site has produced 200 tons of biochar, preventing 800 tons of waste from going to landfill. Biochar itself is fantastic, but if you stick it in desert sand, it doesn’t do that much. HyveGeo has applied algae to their solution. It puts algae through a “bio-processing concept” to get bioactive extracts (提取物), which can be added to biochar to promote plant growth. The company claims to speed up soil creation from years to less than a month. Trials with tomatoes show promising results: plants are larger and can withstand higher temperatures, indicating the growing medium helps resist climate stress. Partnering with UAE agricultural authorities, HyveGeo aims to grow crops such as wheat, rice, and vegetables locally. Expert Dr. Marcella acknowledges their comprehensive soil-improvement strategy but warns of soil regeneration’s complexity and unknown irrigation(灌溉) needs. Producing enough algae to meet demand and making HyveGeo’s model commercially practicable are just two challenges it faces. HyveGeo will announce its next round of venture capital funding. “Climate is a long-term thing,” added Welch, HyveGeo chief operations officer. “If we can do our bit to solve the challenge, that’s a wonderful thing.” 1. What can HyveGeo’s project do according to paragraph 2? A. Achieve double goals. B. Enhance food safety. C. Reduce agricultural waste. D. Popularize farming methods. 2. How does HyveGeo make biochar function better? A. By adding it to desert sand. B. By simplifying its processing. C. By changing its carbon content. D. By mixing it with algae extracts. 3. What’s Dr. Marcella’s attitude towards the soil creation strategy? A. Cautious. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 4. What is implied about the project in the last paragraph? A. It is well received. B. It is highly profitable. C. It needs financial support. D. It resolves climate challenge. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三强化5月训练)Deep beneath the forest floor, a silent conversation is taking place, hidden from the human eye. While trees may seem like isolated individuals competing for sunlight, recent scientific research confirms they are actually connected through a complex underground network of fungi(真菌). This biological infrastructure, often nicknamed the “Wood Wide Web,” allows trees to share vital nutrients and, more surprisingly, warn each other of upcoming environmental threats. Ecologist Dr. Elena Rose has spent decades studying how older, larger trees — often referred to as “Mother Trees” — act as centre for this network. These magnificent elders possess the most extensive root systems, which allow them to connect to hundreds of younger trees. Through these fungal links, Mother Trees can identify their own family and provide them with a little extra sugar or nitrogen to increase their chances of survival in the shaded understory. However, their role goes far beyond simple feeding. When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals, effectively preparing themselves for a battle they haven’ t yet seen. This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood. Unfortunately, this ancient communication system is being disrupted by human activity. Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress. It’s like a city losing its main power station; without the centre, the entire grid suffers. Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.” 5. How do “Mother Trees” help younger trees according to the text? A. By providing them with shade from the sun. B. By transmitting warning signals about threats. C. By blocking pests from reaching the saplings. D. By competing for more sunlight and space. 6. What is the author’s attitude toward the collective defense mechanism of forests? A. Doubtful B. Unconcerned C. Admiring D. Disappointed 7. What can we infer about modern logging practices from paragraph 4? A. They focus on planting more young saplings. B. They help strengthen the underground fungal network. C. They may unintentionally weaken the forest’s health. D. They are becoming more environmentally friendly. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To describe the different species of fungi in forests. B. To complain about the slow growth of young trees. C. To encourage the use of wood in modern construction. D. To emphasize the value of tree networks in conservation. Passage 3 (2026届河南部分重点中学高三5月联考暨考前演练)Deep in the Amazon jungle, an unusual experiment is underway. Brazilian and British scientists are releasing thousands of tonnes of carbon dioxide from giant towers into the forest. While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate. The decade-long project, running until 2036, aims to resolve a sharp divide among climate modelers. Many predict that higher CO2 levels will boost photosynthesis(光合作用), causing trees to grow faster and absorb more human emissions(排放物) — a process known as carbon fertilization. However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming. To find the truth, researchers have set up giant forest towers in six rings among the trees. Three rings send out CO2 to raise local levels to 630 parts per million, matching the projected global average for 2080, while the others act as controls. Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels. Scientists will measure how this “time machine” affects the forest’s health. They will track photosynthesis rates, carbon storage in roots and leaves, and changes in soil water content. They also want to see how increased CO2 impacts water loss from trees, which could help individual plants survive droughts but might ultimately reduce overall rainfall in the region. Despite being proposed in 1991, the research faced years of funding struggles before finally securing support from backers. Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment. Now fully operational, the project promises to provide real-world data to improve climate models, revealing whether the Amazon will remain a thick carbon sink or transform into a dry savanna(稀树草原) in the coming century. 9. What is the Amazon FACE project aimed at? A. Raising critical questions. B. Figuring out human emissions. C. Changing the forest environment. D. Modeling to address climate issues. 10. What are doubtful researchers mainly worried about? A. The soil becoming too dry. B. The forest dying out. C. The nutrients disappearing fast. D. Disasters occurring more often. 11. What does the project involve in managing the carbon dioxide levels? A. Matching the global average. B. Shifting root storage. C. Making adjustments digitally. D. Monitoring the growth of trees. 12. What funny incident occurred during the project’s construction phase? A. A carbon sink was discovered. B. Money was secured from backers. C. The forest turned into a savanna. D. Extreme weather postponed delivery. Passage 4 (2026届江西重点中学协作体2026届高三下学期第二次联考)Most people can see at least a million different colors. Colors often act as signs, communicating means even when we don’t notice them. As living creatures developed vision and became able to distinguish colors, fruits began using bright colors to attract animals to spread their seeds. Flowers developed bright colors to attract pollinators, while poisonous animals used bold shades as warnings. In each case, color serves a specific evolutionary purpose — either to draw in or to drive away. Humans have also evolved to use these signs. Color tells us when fruits are ripe enough to eat. We’ve also developed our own color signals: red traffic lights warn of danger, and electrical wires use different colors to indicate safe connections. These human-made signals borrow from nature’s principle — color conveys meaning quickly and efficiently, often beyond language. Colors can also serve as signifiers(信号物) in more complex ways. Food products are sometimes labeled with red, yellow or green based on nutritional content, borrowing from traffic signals. Consumer brands use colors in their logos and advertising to communicate their values. Luxury goods often use dark, intense colors as a mark of quality, while children’s products use bold, bright colors. The psychology of color has become a complicated field of study, with companies investing heavily in determining which shades will trigger the desired emotional responses from consumers. Studies show people are less likely to buy products branded with inappropriate colors. A luxury watch brand using neon pink would confuse its audience and overlook its elegant image. This suggests that the meanings of color, while powerful, are culturally constructed and context-dependent. Whether human-made or natural, and whether we consciously notice them or not, colors tell us a lot about the world around us. They are, in many ways, a universal language — one that has been shaped by millions of years of evolution and thousands of years of human culture. 12. What is the main function of color according to paragraph 2? A. To make nature diverse. B. To set creatures apart. C. To show a sign of harvest. D. To be a means of survival. 14. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By listing reasons. B. By giving examples. C. By making a contrast. D. By presenting a phenomenon. 15. What can be inferred about the use of color in marketing? A. Colors carry their unique meanings. B. Bright colors generally beat dark ones. C. Consumers prefer status-matching colors. D. Companies fully grasp the influence of colors. 16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. What Colors Mean: From Warnings to Attractions B. How Colors Change: From Nature to Human Society C. Why Colors Matter: From Evolution to Cultural Meaning D. Where Colors Exist: From Biology to Commercial Designs Passage 5 (2026届湖北省黄冈市高三(4月)调研模拟考试)For centuries, the soil was considered a silent world. This perception, however, is now being overturned by scientists who are discovering that the ground beneath our feet is, in fact, full of life. The revelation began with an experiment by Marcus Maeder, a sound artist and researcher. When he first pushed a specialized microphone into a mountain grassy field, his headphones erupted with a loud mix of strange sounds — thrumming, chirring, and scraping. This accidental discovery opened the door to the study of living sounds in soil, which uses sensors pushed into the soil to pick up the tiny movements made by underground life. This hidden world is home to immense biodiversity. Ecologist Carolyn-Monika Görres’s research on root-eating beetle larvae(甲虫幼虫), provides a fascinating example. She discovered that the larvae produce distinct, species-specific sounds together, a process called stridulation(摩擦发声). In her lab, she observed that larvae in groups stridulated frequently — over 600 times in a few hours. This unique sound helps scientists identify and monitor these pests, which can cause significant damage to crops. The practical applications are significant. In agriculture, this technology could allow farmers to find the exact location of pest problems, enabling targeted pesticide(农药) use instead of blanket applications, thus protecting soil health. However, this research has also revealed an important but worrying truth. The same sensitive equipment picks up the noise of human activity — distant traffic, construction, and airplanes — deep within the soil. The impact of this noise pollution on underground life is still unknown, but it is unlikely to be positive. More alarmingly, in intensively farmed soils, the natural mix of sounds often falls silent, indicating a loss of biodiversity and degraded land health. Listening to the soil does more than satisfy scientific curiosity. It reveals the complex, vital ecosystem that sustains us and serves as a strong warning that our actions can quiet its essential chorus, urging us to become better caretakers of the land. 17. What does the underlined word “overturned” in the first paragraph mean? A. Ignored. B. Confirmed. C. Explained. D. Challenged. 18. What can we learn about Marcus Maeder’s experiment? A. It aimed to record life in soil. B. It led to an unexpected finding. C. It pioneered the use of sensors. D. It proved previous assumptions. 19. How can the technology benefit soil health? A. By replacing chemical use. B. By preventing pest problems. C. By applying chemicals precisely. D. By strengthening pesticide effect. 20. What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A. Curiosity fuels scientific progress. B. Human actions may silence the soil. C. More research on soil life is needed. D. The soil ecosystem is highly complex. 考向三 健康医学类(疾病研究、饮食营养、运动科学、心理健康) Passage 1 (2027届湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学有限公司考前模拟)The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 1. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 3. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. Passage 2 (2027届湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学有限公司考前模拟) Sound travels as vibrations(振动) through the air. Conventional microphones function by picking up these vibrations. Scientists wondered if they could make microphones that see those vibrations rather than hear them. Now researchers in China have built such a device. Led by physicist Yao Xuri from Beijing Institute of Technology, the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects. According to Yao, “This technique enables sound detection using everyday items under natural lighting.” This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880. He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers(激光), but such systems are often complex and costly. The Chinese team has adopted an alternative approach: single-pixel(单像素) imaging. “Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one,” Yao noted. It scans a scene to collect visual data, which is then processed by computers to reconstruct an image. Through this technique, Yao’s team detected how sound waves had shaken a paper card or leaf. A computer then decoded the data into audible sound. The device successfully captured spoken numbers in both Chinese and English and decoded an excerpt from Beethoven’s Für Elise. “This method creates a relatively small amount of data, making it easy to store or upload,” Yao noted. The team is refining the device’s capacity to detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a development that could enable non-contact patient monitoring in medical settings. Currently, the technology only works from about half a meter away, and detecting sound in noisy environments remains a key challenge. That will take more advanced technology and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak. 5. The underlined word “imperceptible” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. inaudible B. inaccessible C. unpredictable D. unnoticeable 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Research background. B. Study design. C. Technical approaches. D. Key challenges. 7. How does the single-pixel imaging device differ from ordinary cameras? A. It works at a super high speed. B. It processes data with a computer. C. It uses precise lasers to scan scenes. D. It collects data with only one sensor. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the technology? A. Expectant. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Uncertain. Passage 3 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟)Everyone knows what makes a good story. Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being. In scene after scene, they face challenges that push them down new paths. By the end of the talc, they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process. We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment. Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress. People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health. Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork. Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”. Clearly, self-narratives aren’t the panacea. Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better. 9. What does the research focus on? A. The causes of stress. B. The principles of narrative. C. The connection between struggle and well-being. D. The link between mental health and self-narratives. 10. Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To give proof. B. To make predictions. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make comparisons. 11. What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Attempt to get rid of worries. B. Means of recognizing yourself. C. Solution to adolescent problems. D. Guarantee to become better people. 12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Embrace Life Struggles B. Be Your Own Hero C. Ways to Make a Good Story D. The Power of Self-improvement Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测)What do you eat when you need comfort? The answer varies depending on where you’re from, but it’s likely some form of broth(肉汤), served steaming in a bowl. Across continents, broths are woven into cultural and familial memory. They rarely command attention on their own — yet they form the backbone of countless cuisines. For Dara Klein, a chef in London, broth connects the threads between her early childhood memories in Italy and her life’s work. In Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, tortellini in brodo is a Christmas tradition. Families gather to shape the pasta by hand while the broth simmers. “Italians are introduced to broth very early in life,” Klein says. “People connect to it deeply.” Zoey Xinyi Gong, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) food therapist, remembers her grandmother’s chicken soup with goji berries. “There’s always a soup for every meal,” Gong says. “A meal is not complete without soup.” In TCM, which dates back to the 2nd century BC, broth-based soups help maintain the body’s yin and yang — a balance essential for health. Chicken soup, in particular, has long been associated with recovery. Korea’s samgye-tang is eaten during the hottest summer days as a restorative meal. Greece’s avgolemono combines chicken broth with egg, lemon and rice. Mexico’s caldo de pate is a sustaining everyday soup. Scientific research into broth’s benefits is ongoing. Some studies suggest it may help reduce inflammation and ease cold symptoms. However, many sweeping health claims surrounding bone broth remain contested, and its benefits are often overstated in popular wellness culture. Gong recalls being shocked when bone broth became a trendy health product in New York. “They were selling it at coffee shops for $10 for little cups,” she says. “But we’ve been drinking that for a very long time in China.” Whether simmered for survival, wellness or celebration, one thing seems universal: In kitchens everywhere, someone is still tending the pot. 13. What does Dara Klein say about broth in Italian culture? A. It is a recent cooking invention. B. It is only served during Christmas. C. It was first documented in royal courts. D. It has deep emotional and traditional roots. 14. What can be inferred about soup in Chinese culture from Gong’s words and TCM principles? A. It is considered essential but primarily for its flavor. B. It is only consumed when someone is feeling unwell. C. It is valued as a tool for maintaining physical harmony. D. It has been replaced by modern medicine in recent years. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward the health claims made in popular wellness culture? A. Complete rejection. B. Cautious skepticism. C. Neutral observation. D. Enthusiastic support. 16. Which phrase or idiom most closely reflects the main idea of the passage? A. There is no place like home. B. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. C. The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. D. A spoonful of comfort — across lands and tongues. Passage 5 (2026届湖北红安县等校高三5月考前模拟)Some check watches or phone apps to know the time, but few realize our bodies have an internal clock — our circadian(昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy(化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells. Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 am instead of 6 pm experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 am generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin(褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles(毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 17. On what did Francis Lévi base his exploration of cancer treatment? A. The different division patterns of cells. B. The specific time when cancer cells divide slowly. C. The measurement of patients’ sleep patterns. D. The theoretical wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine. 18. What is implied about chronotherapy in Paragraph 4? A. It has been widely applied in clinical practice. B. Its application used to be limited by measurement barriers. C. It mainly depends on traditional rhythm assessment methods. D. Its actual effectiveness is closely related to treatment timing. 19. Which of the following is a practical daily application of circadian rhythm? A. Lisa opens curtains to get morning sunlight. B. Tom uses his phone right before bedtime. C. David trains hard between 9 and 11 am. D. Mary gets flu shot at lunch break. 20. What would be the most suitable title for the text? A. Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B. Reset Your Internal Clock Scientifically C. Choose a Healthy Lifestyle Wisely D. New Advances in Cancer Treatment 考向四 社会研究类(教育方式、行为心理、社交关系) Passage 1 (2026届内蒙古乌兰察布市高三年级第二次模拟考试二模)For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed. Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite(亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields. “Traditional research into giftedness and expertise didn’t sufficiently consider how world-class performers at peak performance age developed in their early years,” said Güllich. Given all this, a new international research team was formed. The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers. This group included Nobel Prize winners in science, Olympic medalists, excellent chess players, etc. The researchers found early success didn’t reliably predict later greatness. First, individuals who performed best at a young age were usually not the same people who later reached the world-class level. Second, future top performers tended to not stand out early, and many weren’t among the best in their age group. Third, those who eventually reached peak performance explored multiple areas early in life. According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level. “Those who find an optimal(最适宜的) discipline for themselves and develop enhanced potential for long-term learning have improved chances of developing world-class performance,” said Güllich. “Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.” A young person might enjoy both mathematics and languages, or philosophy and geography. Looking ahead, these insights could help design better approaches to talent development. 1. What does the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Confusing. B. Unattractive. C. Discouraging. D. Unsound. 2. What is the uniqueness of the new study compared to previous research? A. The focus on comprehensive data. B. The massive financial investment. C. The dependence on technology. D. The cooperation between countries. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Ways to choose disciplines. B. The power of early variety. C. The qualities of top performers. D. The applications of the findings. 4. What did Güllich think was the most important about approaches to talent development? A. Creativity. B. Resistance. C. Flexibility. D. Sustainability. Passage 2 (2026届福建省厦门第一中学高三下学期适应性练习)Picture yourself halfway up a winding trail, lungs burning, legs trembling, the summit still out of sight. You want to stop but you don’t. Something quiet and steady inside keeps you moving. That inner force, psychologists call grit(毅力) — the combination of persistence(坚持) and passion that keeps us going after goals. A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild. Over 1,200 university students took part in a 16–18-week course in either traditional physical education or outdoor education. Their grit levels were measured before and after the courses from two aspects: persistence of effort and consistency of interest. The answer, it turns out, lies somewhere between sweat and scenery. Both groups improved, but the difference was striking. Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence. Students who spent a term facing real-world challenges became mentally stronger. That sense of mastery — “I can handle this” — builds the same kind of grit linked to lower anxiety, better dealing with stress, and greater life satisfaction. In contrast, traditional PE improved students’ persistence but actually reduced their interest consistency — their ability to stay engaged with long-term goals. Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty. Newness doesn’t just keep us entertained; it keeps us engaged. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates). Together, they create a powerful recipe for inner motivation. This study shows that the environment we learn in shapes not just our bodies but our minds’ ability to persist.In a world of digital distraction (分心) and instant satisfaction, outdoor education reminds us that grit grows through hardship. For anyone seeking for long-term change, the message is simple: step outside. 5. Which one is most beneficial to the development of grit? A. Running on the same school track. B. Swimming in a sports center pool. C. Climbing mountains in a natural park. D. Playing basketball in an indoor stadium. 6. What does the underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Focuses. B. Grows. C. Depends. D. Survives. 7. Why is Self-Determination Theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To explain outdoor programs’ motivational effect. B. To analyze the physical benefits of newness in life. C. To introduce the popularity of outdoor education. D. To define the key driving factors of motivation. 8. What is the main idea of the text? A. Grit contributes to the long-term change. B. Outdoor challenges build a tougher mind. C. Natural scenery improves mental health. D. Routine workouts weaken inner motivation. Passage 3 (2026届山东省东明县第一中学高三考前模拟训练)Picture this: Becky entered a restaurant, waving at the friends already seated. She tripped over a chair on her way to join them, only just catching herself before hitting the floor. What would you do if you were Becky? Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam’s Goksel and his colleagues note that rather than just express your embarrassment or ignore the obvious, being able to laugh at yourself after committing a faux pas(失礼之举) should be your choice. All of this is fine if no one actually does get hurt (other than yourself). If Becky tipped over a wine glass on the table top, ruining the white dress of the woman seated at the table, it would be not so funny anymore. This problem can be translated into more academic terms: theories of affective deviance(情感偏差), which argue that reputation is negatively affected when one’s emotional expression mismatches their actions. To test out the factors that influence the best response to a bad situation, researchers conducted a series of six experiments involving just over 3200 people. They asked participants to imagine attending a dinner party at a friend’s house and chatting with the friend’s cousin. Each participant imagined scenarios(场景) in which they would admit a mistake to this stranger, including falling on a public street, missing one’s mother’s birthday, asking a woman who was not pregnant when her due date was and so on. Taking all the findings together, the authors constructed a model with character judgments of the offender as the final outcome. In this model, the display of amusement or embarrassment plus amount of harm predicted perceived emotional miscalibration(情绪失衡) and perceived embarrassment which, in turn, predicted how the actor was regarded by observers. The findings of this study showed that amusement won out over embarrassment as long as the outcome caused little harm. Laughter works because you also project a more authentic version of yourself to others than if you show embarrassment. Becky’s ability to laugh at the restaurant incident would not only ease the tension, but also show that she doesn’t fear looking awkward. 9. Why is Becky’s experience mentioned? A. To describe a common occurrence. B. To joke about her clumsy behavior. C. To introduce the topic naturally. D. To lead to a popular wisdom. 10. What is the function of paragraph 2? A. Challenging a view. B. Illustrating a theory. C. Sharing an experience. D. Raising an alert. 11. Which is a suitable case to joke about awkward behavior? A. Being late for a job interview. B. Mistaking a lady for being pregnant. C. Dirtying others’ clothes unintentionally. D. Slipping accidentally in an empty street. 12. What do the findings of the study imply? A. Self-teasing softens harmless awkwardness. B. Laughter is the best pass to amusement. C. Minor errors might cause great harm. D. Embarrassment displays sincerity. Passage 4 (2026届海南省文昌中学高三上学期第三次月考)Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 13. Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A. To explain the background of the invitation. B. To stress the importance of quick replies. C. To encourage immediate decision- making. D. To introduce a common social situation. 14. What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A. A biased interpretation of social cues. B. A desire for harmonious communication. C. An underestimation of refusal consequence. D. An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 15. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A. Keeping your options open for better plans. B. Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C. Prioritizing clear response over open options. D. Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Psychology behind “Maybe” B. The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C. “Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D. “Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations Passage 5 (2026届北京市第十一中学高三月考)Franz Boas’s description of Inuit(因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms(规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviors were disapproved of. Leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northem Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralizing religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. When we are socializing, our instincts include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behavior according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self- care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioral patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 17. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Unwritten rules were the target. B. Living conditions were the drive. C. Honesty was the key. D. Social tradition was the basis. 18. What does the underlined word “instincts” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. natural reactions B. ambitious expectations C. unique experiences D. indifferent attitudes 19. What can we learn from this passage? A. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. B. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 20. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Roots of Morality C. The Values of Self-discipline D. Brains: Walls Against Chaos 考向五 历史文化类(语言演变、节日起源、建筑风格) Passage 1 (2026届江苏南京市部分学校“零模”考前训练题英语)Every 40 days a language dies. This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century. Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution(迫害) , with the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous(土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South Africa and Argentina were extinct. The climate crisis is now considered the “final nail in the coffin” for many indigenous languages and the knowledge they represent. “Languages are already endangered,” says Anastasia Richl, director of the Strathy language unit at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. Huge factors are globalization and migration, as communities move to regions where their language is not spoken or valued, according to Richl. “It seems particularly cruel,” she says, “that most of the world’s languages are in parts of the world that are growing unpleasant to people.” Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring 12,189km2, has 110 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise, she says. “Many small language communities are on islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise.” Others live on lands where rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration. In response to the crisis, the UN launched the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in 2022. Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is “not only important for them, but for all humanity”, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president, urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages. 1. What is the writer mainly concerned about? A. The disappearance of languages. B. The challenge of climate change. C. The reaction to the language crisis. D. The trend of the speedy globalization. 2. Why is Vanuatu mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To explain the main reason for language density. B. To show the common features of endangered languages. C. To stress the impact of geographical position on migration. D. To illustrate the situation of minority language communities. 3. What does the International Decade of Indigenous Languages aim to do? A. Support migrants to access local education. B. Discourage people from massive migration. C. Improve the living conditions of minority groups. D. Preserve the languages of indigenous communities. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Faced with Disasters: Communities Have to Leave B. Lost for Words: Rising Seas Bring Threat of Catastrophe C. Upset at Extinction: UN Urges International Cooperation D. Involved in Action: Experts Seek Solutions to Climate Crisis Passage 2 (2027届江苏南京市江宁高级中学一模)Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics(杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 5. What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A. It originated in China. B. It was made by Venetians. C. It stood as Venice’s symbol. D. It was bought by Marco Polo. 6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Lions’ origin and traditional role. B. Lions’ images and historic significance. C. Lions’ spread and cultural influence. D. Lions’ introduction and stylistic evolution. 7. What is the lion dance viewed as today? A. A memorial ceremony. B. A form of martial arts training. C. A traditional celebration. D. An intercultural collaboration. 8. What can we learn from the bronze lion’s existence in Italy? A. Venice served as an ancient trade center. B. The bronze lion symbolized Venice’s history. C. Ancient China exported lion statues widely. D. Cultural exchanges existed earlier than assumed. Passage 3 (2026届河北秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三年级下学期第二次模拟考试)Parents hoping to raise bilingual(说双语的) children have long been given the advice to employ a strict one-parent-one-language approach. However, the findings from Concordia University’s Infant Research Lab indicate that many families in Montreal don’t abide by this model, with both parents frequently using both languages when communicating with their children. “This made sense to us, because there are a lot of adults in Montreal who are actively bilingual,” says Andrea Sander-Montant, lead author of the study. The researchers analyzed data from 300 families taking part in the lab’s research between 2013 and 2020. They identified four main strategies used by the families: one-parent-one-language, both-parents-bilingual, one-parent-bilingual (where one parent uses both languages and the other uses one) and one-language-at-home (where one language is used at home and another one is used outside the home, such as at daycare). The study found there wasn’t a single strategy that could be singled out as “best” to raise a child bilingually. But when they looked at parents’ language use individually rather than the family’s overall strategy, the researchers had an unexpected and striking finding: mothers had up to twice the impact on language exposure compared to fathers. The influence of mothers was particularly clear in heritage-language families. “We think this may be the case because mothers still spend more time at home than fathers. There may also be cultural factors at play; where mothers feel it is their responsibility to transmit (传播) the language,” says Sander-Montant. “This points to a new way of talking about transmitting languages,” says Krista Byers-Heinlein, a professor in the Department of Psychology. “Rather than stressing about using this or that strategy, families can make a calculation of who is spending time with the child and then figure out how the child can receive enough experience in both languages from fluent speakers.” The researchers believe these findings will have a real-world impact for policymakers, health care workers and educators who closely work with and give advice to bilingual families. 9. What does the underlined phrase “abide by” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Follow. B. Perceive. C. Oppose. D. Transform. 10. What is the key factor in leading to the breakthrough of the study? A. Long-held parenting beliefs. B. Conventional language guidelines. C. Individual parental language use. D. Main strategies in bilingual families. 11. Why does the author quote Sander-Montant’s words in paragraph 4? A. To introduce another topic. B. To prove the finding reasonable. C. To highlight the role of mothers. D. To provide essential background. 12. What is Byers-Heinlein’s suggestion for bilingual parents? A. Sending children to bilingual schools. B. Hiring a full-time language teacher. C. Seeking advice from health care professionals. D. Fully exposing kids to both fluent languages. Passage 4 (2027届山西省平遥中学校高三保温考试最后一卷)Contextualism(语境主义) has a long history in historiography(历史编纂学), dating back to the work of historians such as Leopold von Ranke in the 19th century. His emphasis on understanding historical events as they actually were laid the groundwork for the development of contextualist approaches to historical interpretation. In the 20th century, historians such as Skinner and Pocock further developed contextualist approaches, emphasizing the importance of understanding historical texts and events within their specific linguistic(语言的) and cultural contexts. A contextualist approach to historical interpretation requires a deep understanding of the cultural, social, and time context in which historical events occurred. This involves considering factors such as the cultural standards and values of the time, the social structures and institutions that shaped historical events, and the time context, including the specific historical period and any relevant events or trends. One of the key challenges of historical interpretation is avoiding anachronism(时代错位). Anachronism involves putting modern concepts, values, or beliefs onto historical figures or events. A contextualist approach helps historians avoid these errors by emphasizing the importance of understanding historical events within their specific context. For example, it would be anachronistic to put modern ideas of human rights onto historical figures such as Thomas Jefferson, who owned slaves yet became the leading author of the United States Declaration of Independence. Instead, historians must consider Jefferson’s actions within the context of his time, taking into account the popular attitudes towards slavery and human rights. While contextualism is a powerful approach to historical interpretation, it is not without its challenges and limitations. Some of the key challenges include: the complexity of reconstructing historical context, which can be incomplete; the risk of cultural and historical relativism(相对主义), which can make it difficult to evaluate certain historical events critically; the challenge of balancing contextual understanding with the need to draw broader conclusions and lessons from historical events. 13. What did Skinner and Pocock contribute to contextualism? A. They advanced its means. B. They stressed its objectives. C. They explained its necessity. D. They clarified its definition. 14. Which factor may belong to the “social context” mentioned in paragraph 2? A. Common values and opinions. B. Special customs and styles. C. Strict laws and regulations. D. Linguistic symbols and habits. 15. What does the author imply in paragraph 3? A. Jefferson ignored human rights. B. Causes behind actions were key. C. Jefferson was a virtuous leader. D. Subjectivity was uneasy to resist. 16. Why is contextualism an imperfect approach? A. It may reach a narrow conclusion. B. It may deal with second-hand records. C. It digs into some pointless elements. D. It avoids making objective judgments. Passage 5 (2027届广东东山中学第二学期冲刺热身考试)Papercutting, a beloved traditional Chinese folk art with a history of more than 1,500 years, has recently earned widespread international attention through a groundbreaking exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London. The art form, which involves intricate cutting of paper into delicate patterns, dates back to the 6th century in China, where it was used for festivals, weddings, and household decorations. However, with rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles, papercutting gradually faded from daily life by the late 20th century, viewed as a “craft of the elderly” with little modern relevance and marginalized in its homeland for a time. The V&A’s exhibition, Papercutting: Art of the Scissor, which ran from July to September 2024, showcased over 150 works by 30 artists from China, Japan, Germany, and the United States. What made the exhibition unique was its fusion of traditional techniques with contemporary themes — works addressed climate change, gender equality, and urban isolation, breaking the stereotype that papercutting is only for festive occasions. For example, Chinese artist Li Wei’s piece Melting Ice uses blue paper to depict shrinking glaciers, with tiny cut-out figures of polar bears struggling on floating ice. The exhibition’s curator, Dr. Clara Bennett, a British art historian specializing in Asian folk art, first encountered papercutting during a research trip to China in 2018. She was struck by how elderly artisans in rural villages preserved the craft, often passing skills down through female family members. “Papercutting is not just about cutting paper — it’s a language of memory and emotion,” Dr. Bennett said in an interview. “Each cut tells a story, whether it’s a grandmother’s wish for her grandchild or a young artist’s concern for the planet.” The exhibition’s impact extended beyond gallery walls. It sparked a global revival of papercutting: art schools in Paris and New York launched papercutting workshops, and Chinese cultural centers worldwide hosted mini-exhibitions. In China itself, the art form regained popularity among young people, with social media platforms flooded with creative papercut works. Many young artists now combine papercutting with digital art, projecting cut-out patterns onto buildings or creating animated papercut videos. Critics argue that papercutting’s global success reflects a broader trend: the world’s growing appreciation for folk art that bridges tradition and modernity. Unlike high-profile fine arts, folk art often carries the voices of ordinary people, making it relatable across cultures. As Dr. Bennett noted, “Art doesn’t have to be grand to be powerful. Sometimes, a single piece of cut paper can connect hearts across continents.” 17. What does the underlined word “marginalized” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Ignored. B. Preserved. C. Developed. D. Celebrated. 18. What made the V&A’s papercutting exhibition different from traditional ones? A. It featured works by Chinese artists only. B. It focused on the historical origin of papercutting. C. It combined traditional skills with modern themes. D. It displayed papercut works for festive occasions. 19. Why did Dr. Bennett organize the papercutting exhibition? A. To promote Chinese culture in the UK. B. To highlight the emotional and cultural value of papercutting. C. To compete with other art exhibitions at the V&A. D. To train young papercut artists worldwide. 20. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Folk art is less powerful than fine art. B. Papercutting will replace other forms of art. C. Globalization has negative effects on traditional art. D. Traditional folk art can gain new life through cross-cultural communication. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合专题01 阅读理解说明文(25篇) 考向一 科技发明类(AI、机器人、太空探索、互联网发展) Passage 1 (2026届江苏南京市部分学校“零模”考前训练题英语)You know exercise is heart smart and good for you. But do you really know how much physical activity you’re getting? Studies show that using a fitness tracker-a device that tracks your movement—can increase your steps per day by more than a mile. “Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health,” says cardiologist(心脏病医生) Seth Martin. “Being more active and changing your habits is important but difficult. Tracking likely helps people when combined with a clear goal to shoot for.” Having an objective daily record can open people’s eyes to how little exercise they’re getting, Martin says, which can recalibrate their mindset(心态) and get motivated. People find ways to incorporate(融入) more activities into their day, walking during meetings, or simply taking the stairs instead of an elevator. “Fitness tracking gives people information and enables them to start making changes for heart health,” Martin says. Try a few trackers until you find one that’s comfortable for you and your budget. Martin suggests, “Once you’ve made a match, you can try the next steps: Use the tracker consistently every day. Set a goal and then find activities you enjoy that also fit into your daily life and can be sustained over the long term. Finally, encourage friends and family to use trackers as well. It can create a social support network and even foster a sense of competition. Follow these tips, and you’ll be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier heart.” So be ready, as doctors learn and introduce even better ways to use these devices. In a randomized clinical trial, Martin and his colleagues tested an automated, real-time, personalized program that sent coaching text messages to cardiology patients based on data from a wearable device paired with their phone. Over the short term, this coaching system helped increase step counts by over a mile a day beyond tracking alone. “I think technology can be a very powerful tool to get people moving more,” says Martin. 1. According to paragraphs 1-2, what do people fail to do when exercising? A. Integrate movement into work. B. Maintain a daily exercise schedule. C. Kick improper habits of exercising. D. Monitor the amount of physical activity. 2. What does the underlined word “recalibrate” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Adjust. B. Abandon. C. Strengthen. D. Evaluate. 3. What does Martin suggest people do? A. Encourage the family to attend competitions. B. Take exercise under the guidance of a coach. C. Purchase a proper device and use it every day. D. Consult a doctor and decide on suitable activities. 4. What does Martin think of the future of fitness trackers? A. Uncertain. B. Promising. C. Doubtful. D. Sustainable. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍使用健身追踪器可以使你每天的步数增加一英里多。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“You know exercise is heart smart and good for you. But do you really know how much physical activity you’ re getting? Studies show that using a fitness tracker-a device that tracks your movement—can increase your steps per day by more than a mile.(你知道运动对心脏有益，对你有好处。但是你真的知道你做了多少运动吗?研究表明，使用健身追踪器——一种跟踪你运动的设备——可以使你每天的步数增加一英里多)”以及第二段““Fitness trackers are a great tool for heart health,” says cardiologist  Seth Martin. “Being more active and changing your habits is important but difficult. Tracking likely helps people when combined with a clear goal to shoot for.”(“健身追踪器是心脏健康的好工具，”心脏病专家赛斯·马丁说。“变得更积极，改变你的习惯很重要，但也很难。如果与明确的目标相结合，追踪可能会对人们有所帮助。”)”推知，人们在锻炼时没有监测身体活动量。故选D项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“People find ways to incorporate more activities into their day, walking during meetings, or simply taking the stairs instead of an elevator.(人们想办法在一天中加入更多的活动，在会议期间散步，或者只是走楼梯而不是乘电梯)”可知，当人们有一个客观的每日记录可以让人们意识到自己的运动量有多少时，他们会想办法在一天中加入更多的活动，也就是重新调整他们的心态，所以recalibrate应该是“重新调整”之意，和A项“Adjust(调整)”词义相近。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin suggests, “Once you’ve made a match, you can try the next steps: Use the tracker consistently every day.   Set a goal and then find activities you enjoy that also fit into your daily life and can be sustained over the long term.   Finally, encourage friends and family to use trackers as well.   It can create a social support network and even foster a sense of competition.   Follow these tips, and you’ll be on your way to a healthier lifestyle and a healthier heart.”(马丁建议:“一旦你找到了匹配，你就可以尝试接下来的步骤：每天坚持使用追踪器。设定一个目标，然后找到你喜欢的活动，这些活动既适合你的日常生活，又能长期坚持下去。最后，鼓励朋友和家人也使用追踪器。它可以创造一个社会支持网络，甚至培养一种竞争意识。遵循这些建议，你将拥有更健康的生活方式和更健康的心脏。”)”可知，马丁建议人们购买一个合适的设备，每天使用。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““I think technology can be a very powerful tool to get people moving more,” says Martin.(马丁说:“我认为科技可以成为一个非常强大的工具，让人们更多地运动。”)”可推知，马丁认为健身追踪器的未来是有前途的。故选B项。 Passage 2 (2026届河北秦皇岛市山海关第一中学高三年级下学期第二次模拟考试)Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites(从未出过海的城里人), even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe. Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous(单调的) yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about “using everything that’s provided to you in nature”, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. “We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.” One of Coleman’s favorite cues, for instance, is the North Star. “It’s very reliable when you sail north of the equator. As you go towards it, it appears to get higher in the sky, so it kind of corresponds with your latitude (纬度). Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction(折射) patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to “read” such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves. Coleman encourages everyone to give natural navigation a go, “I promise you, the brain just loves it,” he says, “there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.” 5. What’s the function of the first paragraph? A. To put forward an argument. B. To describe a historical fact. C. To make readers think deeply. D. To introduce the topic of the text. 6. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A. Junior Coleman succeeded in the journey across desert. B. Traditional navigation has played a vital role throughout. C. Ancient people were good at finding ways in the wild. D. Nature elements provide everything people need in navigation. 7. How to use waves to navigate according to the text? A. By observing the height of the waves. B. By lying down and listening to the waves. C. By noticing certain changes of the waves. D. By following the direction the waves go to. 8. What does Junior Coleman think of natural navigation? A. Potential-inspiring. B. Mind-challenging. C. Time-consuming. D. Logic-strengthening. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍波利尼西亚古导航术“寻路”：借日月星辰、海浪折射等自然线索跨洋，既重振海岛文化，也给现代人启迪，鼓励体验这种健脑又环保的方向感训练。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Wayfinding —the art of navigating using the wind, stars, ocean swells, and other environmental cues —was how sailors from the Marquesas Islands first discovered Hawaii more than 1500 years ago. These skills are helping to restore a sense of pride in Pacific Island culture and heritage. But beyond that, wayfinding holds surprising relevance for the rest of us landlubbing urbanites, even if we have no intention of crossing vast oceans in a canoe.(寻路——利用风、星星、海浪和其他环境线索进行导航的艺术——是1500多年前马克萨斯群岛的水手们首次发现夏威夷的方法。这些技能有助于恢复对太平洋岛屿文化和遗产的自豪感。但除此之外，寻路功能与我们这些生活在陆地上的城市人有着惊人的关联，即使我们无意乘独木舟横渡浩瀚的海洋)”可知，本段介绍了1500年前马克萨斯群岛水手利用“Wayfinding”(自然导航)发现夏威夷的历史事实，引出这一传统技术在现代对太平洋岛国文化认同的积极意义，并点明其与城市居民的关联性，从而引出全文主题：自然导航在现代的价值与普适性。故选D项。 6. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wayfinding is how humans have found their way for most of our existence. It’s what enabled the aboriginals, Arab nomads and Inuits to journey across monotonous yet shifting landscapes of land, desert, and ice. Traditional navigation is about ‘using everything that’s provided to you in nature’, says Junior Coleman, who oversees sailing and seamanship in his own company. ‘We use all the elements and forces in nature —the sun, stars, moon, waves, currents, clouds and different animals. All of those.’(寻路是人类在大部分时间里找到路的方式。它使土著居民、阿拉伯游牧民和因纽特人能够穿越单调而又不断变化的陆地、沙漠和冰川地貌。在自己的公司负责监督帆船和航海的朱尼尔•科尔曼表示，传统的航海是‘利用大自然提供给你的一切’。‘我们利用大自然中所有的元素和力量——太阳、星星、月亮、波浪、海流、云朵和不同的动物。所有这些’)”可知，本段首句直接点明Wayfinding这种传统导航方法在人类历史中的核心地位，并以原住民、阿拉伯游牧民族和因纽特人的迁徙为例，说明传统导航技术如何帮助人类跨越单调多变的地貌，并且至今仍然对人类旅行起到重要作用。故选B项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Another cue is ocean swells —waves formed by permanent weather systems, such as trade winds, that can travel hundreds of miles. Subtle changes in their refraction patterns can indicate an island and its location. But learning to ‘read’ such swells is one of the hardest skills to master—navigators often speak of lying down on their canoes to feel, rather than see, such waves.(另一个线索是海浪——由信风等永久性天气系统形成的海浪，可以传播数百英里。它们的折射模式的细微变化可以表明一个岛屿及其位置。但是，学会‘读懂’这样的巨浪是最难掌握的技能之一——航海家们经常说，他们躺在独木舟上来感受海浪，而不是看海浪)”可知，航海家们可以通过感受海浪的变化确定位置。故选C项。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段引语“I promise you, the brain just loves it(我向你保证，大脑就是喜欢它)”“there’s almost no other art that I can think of where you can exercise your brain in a fantastically positive way.(我能想到的几乎没有其他艺术能让你以一种非常积极的方式锻炼大脑)”可知，科尔曼认为利用自然导航是挑战脑力的，可以锻炼大脑。 故选B项。 Passage 3 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟英语试题)Researchers say new evidence suggests Mimas, the icy moon of Saturn(土星), likely has a large underground ocean. Researchers based their finding on data collected by the American space agency NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. Cassini observed Saturn and its more than 140 moons for more than 10 years before ending operations in 2017. Researchers reported the data provided the best evidence yet of a hidden ocean about 20 to 30 kilometers beneath the frozen surface. Mimas is a relatively small moon, about 400 kilometers wide. Researchers say Mimas doesn’t have formations(构造) on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water. These can include a broken surface as well as spring activity. The amount of water thought to exist below the surface of Mimas would represent just 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Earth’s oceans. That is because the moon is very small. However, Mimas does have a very large crater caused by a crash with a space object. The edges of it are raised very high. For this reason, the appearance of the moon has been compared to the fictional “Death Star” space station in the popular movie series Star Wars. The researchers said the underground ocean appears to have formed recently in space terms, possibly between 5 and 15 million years ago. The ocean would likely have an overall temperature of around zero degrees Celsius. But the temperature at the seafloor might be much higher. The water is in contact with the moon’s rocky center, which may create the right complex (复杂的) chemical conditions to support life. But the researchers noted that because the ocean is believed to be young, it might be a challenge for life’s development. However, nobody knows how long life needs to appear from a suitable environment. The ocean on Mimas may offer a unique opportunity to explore the first stage of life’s development. Scientists have said that in the past another moon of Saturn, Enceladus, might possess the warmth, water and chemical materials necessary to support life. 9. What indicates there is water on Mimas? A. Its unusual surface. B. Its small size. C. Its turning speed. D. Its position in space. 10. What does the underlined word “crater” mean in paragraph 5? A. River. B. Mountain. C. Hole. D. Land. 11. Why is it difficult for life to develop on Mimas? A. Its ocean bottom is too warm. B. It has no atmosphere around. C. The water of its ocean is salty. D. Its ocean hasn’t existed long enough. 12. What may the underground ocean help researchers do? A. Study the formation of early life. B. Search for a possible human habitat. C. Look for useful chemical materials. D. Explore the oceans on Earth. 【答案】9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了研究人员表示，新的证据表明，土星冰冷的卫星土卫一可能有一个巨大的地下海洋。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Mimas is a relatively small moon, about 400 kilometers wide. Researchers say Mimas doesn’t have formations (构造) on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water.(土卫一是一颗相对较小的卫星，大约400公里宽。研究人员表示，土卫一表面没有其他卫星上发现的地层，这表明存在地下水)”可知，不寻常的表面表明土卫一上有水。故选A。 10. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“caused by a crash with a space object (是由太空物体撞击造成的)”可知，crater是指太空物体撞击造成的坑洞。故划线词意思是“洞穴”。故选C。 11. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“The water is in contact with the moon’s rocky center, which may create the right complex (复杂的) chemical conditions to support life. But the researchers noted that because the ocean is believed to be young, it might be a challenge for life’s development.(水与月球的岩石中心接触，可能会创造出适合生命生存的复杂化学条件。但研究人员指出，由于海洋被认为是年轻的，它可能对生命的发展构成挑战)”可知，生命很难在土卫一上发展因为它的海洋存在的时间不够长。故选D。 12. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The ocean on Mimas may offer a unique opportunity to explore the first stage of life’s development.(土卫一上的海洋可能为探索生命发展的第一阶段提供了一个独特的机会)”可知，地下海洋可以帮助研究人员研究早期生命的形成。故选A。 Passage 4 (2026届江西省鹰潭市第一中学高三考前最后一卷)The recent discovery of 2025 PN7, a quasi-moon(准卫星) orbiting near Earth, shows both the dynamic nature of our solar system and the advancing capabilities of astronomical observation. This small object, recently detected by the Pan-STARRS telescope, has likely been a faint, unseen companion to our planet for about six decades. Its elusiveness is due to its small size, estimated at 62 feet in diameter, making it the smallest-known object of its kind. It only becomes detectable during its rare close approaches, such as swinging within 186,000 miles from Earth. The existence of 2025 PN7 holds significant scientific value. Firstly, it challenges previous assumptions, suggesting there may be no lower size limit for quasi-satellites, implying many more such small companions could remain undiscovered. Secondly, its origin is of great interest. Like the previously discovered Kamo’oalewa — a target of China’s Tianwen-2 mission — 2025 PN7 is hypothesized to be a rocky, natural object, potentially a fragment from the moon or part of the so-called Arjuna asteroid(小行星) group, which shares Earth-like orbits around the sun. Studying these bodies can unlock secrets of the history of lunar impacts and the composition of near-Earth objects. Furthermore, quasi-moons like 2025 PN7 present practical opportunities for space exploration. As stated by researcher Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, their accessible orbits make them ideal testing grounds for unmanned missions, allowing for the development of planetary exploration technologies with a relatively modest investment. They pose no impact threat, while they serve as convenient stepping stones for deeper space ventures. In conclusion, the discovery of 2025 PN7 is more than merely cataloging a new quasi-satellite. It highlights the endless surprises within our solar system and opens new avenues to understanding planetary formation and advancing space technology, proving that even the smallest astronomical neighbours can yield profound insights. 13. What does the underlined word “elusiveness” in the first paragraph probably mean? A. Hard-to-detect nature. B. Fast-moving characteristic. C. Long-existing property. D. Shape-changing feature. 14. Why does the author mention Kamo’oalewa in the passage? A. To illustrate a possible composition and origin of quasi-moons. B. To compare the exploration plans of different space agencies. C. To prove that all quasi-satellites are targets of space missions. D. To warn about the potential dangers of near-Earth objects. 15. According to the passage, what is a potential practical use for quasi-moons like 2025 PN7? A. Providing rare resources for space research. B. Being used as bases for human space exploration. C. Helping predict the movement of near-Earth asteroids. D. Serving as test sites for technologies of unmanned missions. 16. What can be inferred from the passage about the future study of quasi-moons? A. It may help scientists identify the specific type of 2025 PN7’s origin. B. It will mainly focus on assessing their possible threat to Earth. C. It may deepen scientists’ understanding of the moon’s impact history. D. It will be stopped due to the high cost of developing exploration tools. 【答案】13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了准卫星2025 PN7的发现及其科学价值，包括对行星形成和太空技术发展的启示。 13. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“This small object, recently detected by the Pan-STARRS telescope, has likely been a faint, unseen companion to our planet for about six decades. Its elusiveness is due to its small size, estimated at 62 feet in diameter... It only becomes detectable during its rare close approaches (这个小型天体最近被Pan-STARRS望远镜探测到，可能已经作为我们星球一个暗淡、看不见的伴侣存在了大约六十年。它的elusiveness是由于它的小尺寸，直径估计为62英尺……它只有在罕见的近距离接近时才能被探测到)”可知，2025 PN7难以被探测到。故划线词指的是它“难以探测的特性”，与A项“Hard-to-detect nature”同义。 14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Like the previously discovered Kamo’oalewa... 2025 PN7 is hypothesized to be a rocky, natural object, potentially a fragment from the moon or part of the so-called Arjuna asteroid (小行星) group (与先前发现的Kamo’oalewa类似……2025 PN7被假设为一个岩石质的自然天体，可能是月球的一块碎片，或者是所谓的Arjuna小行星群的一部分)”可知，作者提及Kamo’oalewa是为了通过比较，说明其可能的组成(岩石质自天体)和起源(月球碎片或Arjuna小行星群的一部分)，即准卫星2025 PN7可能的构成和来源。 15. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“their accessible orbits make them ideal testing grounds for unmanned missions, allowing for the development of planetary exploration technologies with a relatively modest investment.(它们易于接近的轨道使它们成为无人任务的理想试验场，允许以相对适度的投资发展行星探测技术)”可知，像2025 PN7这样的准卫星可以作为无人任务技术的测试点。 16. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Studying these bodies can unlock secrets of the history of lunar impacts and the composition of near-Earth objects.(研究这些天体可以揭示月球撞击历史以及近地天体构成的秘密)”以及最后一段“It highlights the endless surprises within our solar system and opens new avenues to understanding planetary formation and advancing space technology, proving that even the smallest astronomical neighbours can yield profound insights.(它凸显了太阳系内无穷无尽的惊喜，开辟了理解行星形成和推进太空技术的新途径，证明了即便是最微小的天文邻居也能带来深刻的启示)”可推知，对准卫星的未来研究可能加深科学家对月球撞击历史的理解。 Passage 5 (2026届广东汕头金中海湾学校高三第二学期考前模拟)WE MAY have been missing signals from intelligent aliens(外星人) because of solar wind. Researchers from the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute say this means we have been watching for the wrong type of signal, potentially failing to spot promising evidence of alien life, but the chances of a future discovery are now higher. The not-for-profit organisation carries out research to help prove the existence of alien life, which includes listening for radio signals from outer space that cannot be explained by natural cosmological phenomena. Such a signal was previously expected to be a sharp, distinct radio signal in a narrow frequency range. But the new research suggests that any such signals sent from distant planets may end up being made fainter and wider in the frequency band — essentially blurred slightly — as they pass through the stellar(恒星) winds of stars. Vishal Gajjar and Grayce Brown at the SETI Institute calculated the scale of the effect on radio transmissions(传输) from spacecraft in our own solar system, and then extrapolated that to other stellar environments. They found that a 100-megahertz signal could be widened as much as 100 hertz — enough to “fall below traditional detection thresholds”. A space weather event can similarly increase the amount of broadening experienced by a signal to a significant degree. John Elliott at the University of St Andrews, UK, says he sees the news as the glass being half-full, not half-empty: it means previous searches may have missed evidence, but also means that future searches will be more likely to succeed. “It’s over 50 years that we’ve been actively searching and that’s a blink of the eye, isn’t it, when you think about it,” says Elliott. 17. Why have researchers possibly failed to receive signals from intelligent aliens? A. The signals cannot reach the Earth. B. Their equipment was not advanced enough. C. The signals did not appear in the expected form. D. Space weather events prevented the signal traveling. 18. How is the alien signal affected by the stellar winds of stars? A. B. C. D. (Note: Plots show relative changes in signal width and strength, not absolute values.) 19. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. How the new findings were reached. B. How spacecraft send radio signals. C. What affects radio signal transmission. D. What helped researchers make progress. 20. Which statement does John Elliott probably agree with? A. Much progress has been made so far. B. Future discoveries will be fruitful. C. Previous searches wasted a lot of time. D. Fifty years is too long for alien hunting. 【答案】17. C 18. A 19. A 20. B 【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了由于恒星风的影响，我们可能错过了来自智能外星人的信号，但未来发现的可能性更高。 17. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Such a signal was previously expected to be a sharp, distinct radio signal in a narrow frequency range. But the new research suggests that any such signals sent from distant planets may end up being made fainter and wider in the frequency band — essentially blurred slightly — as they pass through the stellar(恒星) winds of stars. (此前人们预期这种信号是在窄频段内尖锐、清晰的无线电信号。但新的研究表明，任何从遥远行星发出的此类信号，在穿过恒星的恒星风时，最终可能会在频段内变得更微弱、更宽——本质上会稍微模糊一些。)”可知，研究人员可能没有接收到来自智能外星人的信号，是因为信号没有以预期的形式出现。 18. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But the new research suggests that any such signals sent from distant planets may end up being made fainter and wider in the frequency band — essentially blurred slightly — as they pass through the stellar(恒星) winds of stars. (但新的研究表明，任何从遥远行星发出的此类信号，在穿过恒星的恒星风时，最终可能会在频段内变得更微弱、更宽——本质上会稍微模糊一些。)”可知，外星信号受恒星风影响会变得更微弱、频段更宽且更模糊。 19. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Vishal Gajjar and Grayce Brown at the SETI Institute calculated the scale of the effect on radio transmissions(传输) from spacecraft in our own solar system, and then extrapolated that to other stellar environments. They found that a 100-megahertz signal could be widened as much as 100 hertz — enough to “fall below traditional detection thresholds”. A space weather event can similarly increase the amount of broadening experienced by a signal to a significant degree. (SETI研究所的维沙尔·加贾尔 (Vishal Gajjar)和格雷斯·布朗 (Grayce Brown)计算了这种效应对我们太阳系中航天器无线电传输的影响规模，然后将其外推到其他恒星环境。他们发现，一个100兆赫的信号可能会变宽多达100赫兹——足以“低于传统检测阈值”。太空天气事件同样可以显著增加信号所经历的变宽程度。)”可知，本段主要介绍了研究人员是如何得出新发现的。 20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“John Elliott at the University of St Andrews, UK, says he sees the news as the glass being half-full, not half-empty: it means previous searches may have missed evidence, but also means that future searches will be more likely to succeed. (英国圣安德鲁斯大学的约翰·埃利奥特(John Elliott)表示，他认为这个消息是半满的，而不是半空的：这意味着之前的搜索可能错过了证据，但也意味着未来的搜索更有可能成功。)”可知，约翰·埃利奥特认为未来的发现将会很有成果。 考向二 自然生态类(气候变化、动物行为、植物特征、环境保护) Passage 1 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟)The United Arab Emirates, 80% desert with only 0.7% farming land, struggles with food supply. Unsurprisingly, the oil-rich nation has offered opportunities to companies aiming to change those statistics, as it attempts to find its way toward food supply. HyveGeo, launching a project with Cambridge, is the latest startup that has found a way to turn the desert green while turning a profit too. Using agricultural waste and algae(藻类), the company is creating a mixture designed to boost tree planting projects and food production. And through growing algae, it says it can remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process. The main substance for HyveGeo’s mixture is biochar, a carbon-rich material made by burning organic materials in a low-oxygen environment. HyveGeo is sourcing its organic material from local farms and agricultural waste, and processing it at a pilot site in Abu Dhabi. To date, the site has produced 200 tons of biochar, preventing 800 tons of waste from going to landfill. Biochar itself is fantastic, but if you stick it in desert sand, it doesn’t do that much. HyveGeo has applied algae to their solution. It puts algae through a “bio-processing concept” to get bioactive extracts (提取物), which can be added to biochar to promote plant growth. The company claims to speed up soil creation from years to less than a month. Trials with tomatoes show promising results: plants are larger and can withstand higher temperatures, indicating the growing medium helps resist climate stress. Partnering with UAE agricultural authorities, HyveGeo aims to grow crops such as wheat, rice, and vegetables locally. Expert Dr. Marcella acknowledges their comprehensive soil-improvement strategy but warns of soil regeneration’s complexity and unknown irrigation(灌溉) needs. Producing enough algae to meet demand and making HyveGeo’s model commercially practicable are just two challenges it faces. HyveGeo will announce its next round of venture capital funding. “Climate is a long-term thing,” added Welch, HyveGeo chief operations officer. “If we can do our bit to solve the challenge, that’s a wonderful thing.” 1. What can HyveGeo’s project do according to paragraph 2? A. Achieve double goals. B. Enhance food safety. C. Reduce agricultural waste. D. Popularize farming methods. 2. How does HyveGeo make biochar function better? A. By adding it to desert sand. B. By simplifying its processing. C. By changing its carbon content. D. By mixing it with algae extracts. 3. What’s Dr. Marcella’s attitude towards the soil creation strategy? A. Cautious. B. Negative. C. Doubtful. D. Indifferent. 4. What is implied about the project in the last paragraph? A. It is well received. B. It is highly profitable. C. It needs financial support. D. It resolves climate challenge. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阿联酋因沙漠广布面临粮食供应问题，HyveGeo公司利用农业废弃物和藻类改良土壤，试种番茄成果显著，但仍面临挑战。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Using agricultural waste and algae (藻类), the company is creating a mixture designed to boost tree planting projects and food production. And through growing algae, it says it can remove climate-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the process.(该公司利用农业废弃物和藻类，制造出一种混合物，旨在促进植树项目和粮食生产。并且通过藻类的生长，该公司表示能够在此过程中从大气中去除导致气候变暖的二氧化碳)”可知，HyveGeo 的项目能够实现双重目标。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“HyveGeo has applied algae to their solution. It puts algae through a “bio-processing concept” to get bioactive extracts (提取物), which can be added to biochar to promote plant growth. The company claims to speed up soil creation from years to less than a month.(海维吉奥公司已将藻类应用于其解决方案中。该公司通过一种“生物处理理念”对藻类进行处理，以提取出具有生物活性的提取物，这些提取物可以添加到生物炭中，以促进植物生长。该公司声称，能够将土壤的形成时间从数年缩短至不到一个月)”可知，海维吉奥通过将其与藻类提取物混合让生物炭发挥出更好效果。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Expert Dr. Marcella acknowledges their comprehensive soil-improvement strategy but warns of soil regeneration’s complexity and unknown irrigation (灌溉) needs.(专家玛塞拉博士认可其全面的土壤改良策略，但也警告称土壤再生过程复杂，且灌溉需求未知)”可知，玛塞拉博士对土壤改良策略持谨慎态度。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Producing enough algae to meet demand and making HyveGeo’s model commercially practicable are just two challenges it faces. HyveGeo will announce its next round of venture capital funding. “Climate is a long-term thing,” added Welch, HyveGeo chief operations officer. “If we can do our bit to solve the challenge, that’s a wonderful thing.”(要生产出足以满足需求的藻类，并使 HyveGeo 的模型具备商业可行性，这只是该公司面临的两个挑战而已。HyveGeo 将公布其下一轮的风险投资融资情况。韦尔奇(HyveGeo 的首席运营官)补充道：“气候问题是一个长期存在的问题。”“如果我们能够尽自己的一份力量来解决这个难题，那将是一件非常美好的事情。”)”可知，该项目需要资金支持。故选C。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三强化5月训练)Deep beneath the forest floor, a silent conversation is taking place, hidden from the human eye. While trees may seem like isolated individuals competing for sunlight, recent scientific research confirms they are actually connected through a complex underground network of fungi(真菌). This biological infrastructure, often nicknamed the “Wood Wide Web,” allows trees to share vital nutrients and, more surprisingly, warn each other of upcoming environmental threats. Ecologist Dr. Elena Rose has spent decades studying how older, larger trees — often referred to as “Mother Trees” — act as centre for this network. These magnificent elders possess the most extensive root systems, which allow them to connect to hundreds of younger trees. Through these fungal links, Mother Trees can identify their own family and provide them with a little extra sugar or nitrogen to increase their chances of survival in the shaded understory. However, their role goes far beyond simple feeding. When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals, effectively preparing themselves for a battle they haven’ t yet seen. This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood. Unfortunately, this ancient communication system is being disrupted by human activity. Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress. It’s like a city losing its main power station; without the centre, the entire grid suffers. Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.” 5. How do “Mother Trees” help younger trees according to the text? A. By providing them with shade from the sun. B. By transmitting warning signals about threats. C. By blocking pests from reaching the saplings. D. By competing for more sunlight and space. 6. What is the author’s attitude toward the collective defense mechanism of forests? A. Doubtful B. Unconcerned C. Admiring D. Disappointed 7. What can we infer about modern logging practices from paragraph 4? A. They focus on planting more young saplings. B. They help strengthen the underground fungal network. C. They may unintentionally weaken the forest’s health. D. They are becoming more environmentally friendly. 8. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To describe the different species of fungi in forests. B. To complain about the slow growth of young trees. C. To encourage the use of wood in modern construction. D. To emphasize the value of tree networks in conservation. 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 【语篇导读】主要介绍森林地下真菌网络“树木万维网”，母树的作用、人类砍伐对森林的破坏及森林保护新思路。 5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When a Mother Tree is injured or under attack by hungry pests, she sends rapid chemical signals through the fungal network to her neighbors. In response, the surrounding trees immediately increase their production of defensive chemicals.(当一棵母树遭受损伤，或是遭到饥食害虫侵袭时，它会通过地下真菌网络向邻近树木快速传递化学信号。周边树木收到信号后，会立刻大量合成防御性化学物质以自保。)”可知母树会向幼树传递危险预警信号。 6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This collective defense mechanism suggests that a forest functions more like a single, intelligent organism than a mere collection of wood.(这种集体防御机制表明，森林更像一个完整、聪慧的生命体，而非一堆孤立树木。)”作者用intelligent organism这类褒义表述形容森林协同防御体系，可见作者对此持赞赏态度。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Modern logging practices often prioritize the removal of these large, older trees for their high-quality wood, unaware of the destructive impact on the forest’s collective survival. When a Mother Tree is cut down, the younger trees are left “disconnected,” becoming significantly more unprotected to disease and sudden environmental stress.(现代伐木作业往往优先砍伐这类高大老树，只为获取优质木材，却并未意识到此举会对整片森林的整体生存造成毁灭性影响。一旦母树被砍伐，幼树便会失去互联依托，抵御病害与突发环境胁迫的能力大幅下降。)”可推出现代伐木会在无意间损害森林健康。 8. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Recognizing the importance of these networks is shifting the focus of global conservation efforts. Instead of simply planting millions of new trees — a practice that often results in low survival rates — environmentalists are now advocating for the protection of established forest ecosystems. “A forest is a cooperative society built on trust and communication,” Dr. Rose explains. “It we want to save the lungs of our planet, we must protect the elders who hold the entire community together.”.(人们逐渐意识到这类地下菌丝网络的重要性，全球生态保护工作的重心也随之发生转变。过去环保人士只是一味大规模栽种新树苗，这种造林方式往往树苗存活率极低；如今他们转而倡导保护成熟完整的森林生态系统。罗斯博士解释道：“森林是一个依靠信息互通、彼此依存建立起来的共生社群。倘若我们想要守护这颗星球的肺，就必须守护维系整个森林群落的老树。”)”，全文围绕树木地下互联网络展开，目的是强调该网络对森林保护的重要价值。 Passage 3 (2026届河南部分重点中学高三5月联考暨考前演练)Deep in the Amazon jungle, an unusual experiment is underway. Brazilian and British scientists are releasing thousands of tonnes of carbon dioxide from giant towers into the forest. While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate. The decade-long project, running until 2036, aims to resolve a sharp divide among climate modelers. Many predict that higher CO2 levels will boost photosynthesis(光合作用), causing trees to grow faster and absorb more human emissions(排放物) — a process known as carbon fertilization. However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming. To find the truth, researchers have set up giant forest towers in six rings among the trees. Three rings send out CO2 to raise local levels to 630 parts per million, matching the projected global average for 2080, while the others act as controls. Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels. Scientists will measure how this “time machine” affects the forest’s health. They will track photosynthesis rates, carbon storage in roots and leaves, and changes in soil water content. They also want to see how increased CO2 impacts water loss from trees, which could help individual plants survive droughts but might ultimately reduce overall rainfall in the region. Despite being proposed in 1991, the research faced years of funding struggles before finally securing support from backers. Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment. Now fully operational, the project promises to provide real-world data to improve climate models, revealing whether the Amazon will remain a thick carbon sink or transform into a dry savanna(稀树草原) in the coming century. 9. What is the Amazon FACE project aimed at? A. Raising critical questions. B. Figuring out human emissions. C. Changing the forest environment. D. Modeling to address climate issues. 10. What are doubtful researchers mainly worried about? A. The soil becoming too dry. B. The forest dying out. C. The nutrients disappearing fast. D. Disasters occurring more often. 11. What does the project involve in managing the carbon dioxide levels? A. Matching the global average. B. Shifting root storage. C. Making adjustments digitally. D. Monitoring the growth of trees. 12. What funny incident occurred during the project’s construction phase? A. A carbon sink was discovered. B. Money was secured from backers. C. The forest turned into a savanna. D. Extreme weather postponed delivery. 【答案】9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D 【语篇导读】文章介绍了在亚马孙雨林进行的FACE项目，旨在模拟未来高二氧化碳浓度的大气环境，以研究其对森林生态系统的实际影响，解决气候模型中的分歧。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“While it sounds like an environmental crime, the $ 50 million Amazon FACE project has a vital purpose: to model future atmospheric conditions and answer critical questions about Earth’s climate.(虽然这听起来像是破坏环境的行为，但这项耗资五千万美元的亚马逊FACE项目有着重要目的：模拟未来大气状况，并解答有关地球气候的关键问题。)”可知，该项目旨在通过模拟环境来解决气候相关问题。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, doubtful scientists fear that nutrient shortages in the soil, combined with rising temperatures and severe droughts, will instead cause the forest to die off, speeding up global warming.(然而，持怀疑态度的科学家担心，土壤养分不足，再加上气温升高和严重干旱，反而会导致这片森林逐渐消亡，进而加剧全球变暖。)”可知，心存疑虑的研究人员主要担心森林会走向消亡。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Computer systems carefully monitor wind speed and adjust the gas release to maintain consistent levels.(计算机系统会仔细监测风速，并调整气体释放量，以保持二氧化碳浓度稳定。)”可知，该项目依靠数字化设备调控二氧化碳浓度。 12. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Funny enough, recent climate change impacts, such as major droughts causing low river levels, delayed the delivery of construction equipment.(有趣的是，受气候变化影响，严重干旱导致河流水位下降，延误了施工设备的运送工作。)”可知，极端天气推迟了设备运输，这是项目建设期间发生的趣事。 Passage 4 (2026届江西重点中学协作体2026届高三下学期第二次联考)Most people can see at least a million different colors. Colors often act as signs, communicating means even when we don’t notice them. As living creatures developed vision and became able to distinguish colors, fruits began using bright colors to attract animals to spread their seeds. Flowers developed bright colors to attract pollinators, while poisonous animals used bold shades as warnings. In each case, color serves a specific evolutionary purpose — either to draw in or to drive away. Humans have also evolved to use these signs. Color tells us when fruits are ripe enough to eat. We’ve also developed our own color signals: red traffic lights warn of danger, and electrical wires use different colors to indicate safe connections. These human-made signals borrow from nature’s principle — color conveys meaning quickly and efficiently, often beyond language. Colors can also serve as signifiers(信号物) in more complex ways. Food products are sometimes labeled with red, yellow or green based on nutritional content, borrowing from traffic signals. Consumer brands use colors in their logos and advertising to communicate their values. Luxury goods often use dark, intense colors as a mark of quality, while children’s products use bold, bright colors. The psychology of color has become a complicated field of study, with companies investing heavily in determining which shades will trigger the desired emotional responses from consumers. Studies show people are less likely to buy products branded with inappropriate colors. A luxury watch brand using neon pink would confuse its audience and overlook its elegant image. This suggests that the meanings of color, while powerful, are culturally constructed and context-dependent. Whether human-made or natural, and whether we consciously notice them or not, colors tell us a lot about the world around us. They are, in many ways, a universal language — one that has been shaped by millions of years of evolution and thousands of years of human culture. 12. What is the main function of color according to paragraph 2? A. To make nature diverse. B. To set creatures apart. C. To show a sign of harvest. D. To be a means of survival. 14. How does the author develop paragraph 3? A. By listing reasons. B. By giving examples. C. By making a contrast. D. By presenting a phenomenon. 15. What can be inferred about the use of color in marketing? A. Colors carry their unique meanings. B. Bright colors generally beat dark ones. C. Consumers prefer status-matching colors. D. Companies fully grasp the influence of colors. 16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. What Colors Mean: From Warnings to Attractions B. How Colors Change: From Nature to Human Society C. Why Colors Matter: From Evolution to Cultural Meaning D. Where Colors Exist: From Biology to Commercial Designs 【答案】13. D 14. B 15. C 16. C 【语篇导读】文章主要说明了颜色源于生物进化，用于吸引或警示以维系生存；人类借鉴自然赋予颜色信号意义，商业配色需契合文化与场景，是跨越进化与文化的通用语言。 13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In each case, color serves a specific evolutionary purpose — either to draw in or to drive away.(在每种情况下，颜色都具有特定的进化功能——要么用于吸引，要么用于驱赶)”可知，颜色的主要作用是作为生存的手段。 14. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Humans have also evolved to use these signs. Color tells us when fruits are ripe enough to eat. We’ve also developed our own color signals: red traffic lights warn of danger, and electrical wires use different colors to indicate safe connections. These human-made signals borrow from nature’s principle — color conveys meaning quickly and efficiently, often beyond language.(人类也进化出了利用这些颜色信号的能力。颜色能告诉我们果实是否成熟可以食用。我们还发展出了自己的颜色信号：红色的交通信号灯警示危险，电线则通过不同的颜色来表示安全连接状态。这些人为制造的信号借鉴了自然界的原则——颜色能够迅速且高效地传达信息，其效果往往超越语言所能达到的程度)”可知，作者通过举例的方式展开第三段内容。 15. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Consumer brands use colors in their logos and advertising to communicate their values. Luxury goods often use dark, intense colors as a mark of quality, while children’s products use bold, bright colors. The psychology of color has become a complicated field of study, with companies investing heavily in determining which shades will trigger the desired emotional responses from consumers. Studies show people are less likely to buy products branded with inappropriate colors. A luxury watch brand using neon pink would confuse its audience and overlook its elegant image. This suggests that the meanings of color, while powerful, are culturally constructed and context-dependent.(消费品牌在其标志和广告中会运用色彩来传达其价值观。奢侈品通常会采用深沉、浓烈的色彩作为品质的象征，而儿童产品则会使用鲜明、亮丽的色彩。色彩心理学已成为一个复杂的研究领域，企业纷纷投入大量资金来确定哪些色调能引发消费者期望的情感反应。研究表明，使用不恰当颜色标识的产品不太可能被消费者购买。使用霓虹粉色的奢侈手表品牌会令其受众感到困惑，并忽视其优雅的形象。这表明色彩的含义虽然强大，但却是由文化所构建的，并且取决于具体情境)”可知，消费者偏好和品牌定位匹配的颜色。 16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most people can see at least a million different colors. Colors often act as signs, communicating means even when we don’t notice them.(大多数人都能分辨出至少一百万种不同的颜色。颜色常常起到信号的作用，即便我们没有察觉，也能传递信息)”结合文章主要说明了颜色源于生物进化，用于吸引或警示以维系生存；人类借鉴自然赋予颜色信号意义，商业配色需契合文化与场景，是跨越进化与文化的通用语言。可知，C选项“色彩为何重要：从进化到文化意义”最符合文章标题。 Passage 5 (2026届湖北省黄冈市高三(4月)调研模拟考试)For centuries, the soil was considered a silent world. This perception, however, is now being overturned by scientists who are discovering that the ground beneath our feet is, in fact, full of life. The revelation began with an experiment by Marcus Maeder, a sound artist and researcher. When he first pushed a specialized microphone into a mountain grassy field, his headphones erupted with a loud mix of strange sounds — thrumming, chirring, and scraping. This accidental discovery opened the door to the study of living sounds in soil, which uses sensors pushed into the soil to pick up the tiny movements made by underground life. This hidden world is home to immense biodiversity. Ecologist Carolyn-Monika Görres’s research on root-eating beetle larvae(甲虫幼虫), provides a fascinating example. She discovered that the larvae produce distinct, species-specific sounds together, a process called stridulation(摩擦发声). In her lab, she observed that larvae in groups stridulated frequently — over 600 times in a few hours. This unique sound helps scientists identify and monitor these pests, which can cause significant damage to crops. The practical applications are significant. In agriculture, this technology could allow farmers to find the exact location of pest problems, enabling targeted pesticide(农药) use instead of blanket applications, thus protecting soil health. However, this research has also revealed an important but worrying truth. The same sensitive equipment picks up the noise of human activity — distant traffic, construction, and airplanes — deep within the soil. The impact of this noise pollution on underground life is still unknown, but it is unlikely to be positive. More alarmingly, in intensively farmed soils, the natural mix of sounds often falls silent, indicating a loss of biodiversity and degraded land health. Listening to the soil does more than satisfy scientific curiosity. It reveals the complex, vital ecosystem that sustains us and serves as a strong warning that our actions can quiet its essential chorus, urging us to become better caretakers of the land. 17. What does the underlined word “overturned” in the first paragraph mean? A. Ignored. B. Confirmed. C. Explained. D. Challenged. 18. What can we learn about Marcus Maeder’s experiment? A. It aimed to record life in soil. B. It led to an unexpected finding. C. It pioneered the use of sensors. D. It proved previous assumptions. 19. How can the technology benefit soil health? A. By replacing chemical use. B. By preventing pest problems. C. By applying chemicals precisely. D. By strengthening pesticide effect. 20. What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A. Curiosity fuels scientific progress. B. Human actions may silence the soil. C. More research on soil life is needed. D. The soil ecosystem is highly complex. 【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B 【语篇导读】本文通过相关实验发现土壤中充满各类生命声响，介绍甲虫幼虫摩擦发声的现象与研究价值，阐述该技术在农业精准施药、保护土壤健康上的实际用途，同时指出人类活动噪音与集约化农耕正在破坏土壤生物多样性，呼吁人们守护土地生态系统。 17. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“For centuries, the soil was considered a silent world. This perception, however, is now being overturned by scientists who are discovering that the ground beneath our feet is, in fact, full of life.(几个世纪以来，土壤一直被视作一个寂静的世界。然而如今科学家发现我们脚下的土地其实充满生机，这一观念正被overturned。)”可知，人们原有认知认为土壤沉寂无声，新发现对此观点提出质疑与颠覆，challenged意为“质疑、挑战”。 18. 细节理解题。根据第二段“When he first pushed a specialized microphone into a mountain grassy field, his headphones erupted with a loud mix of strange sounds — thrumming, chirring, and scraping. This accidental discovery opened the door to the study of living sounds in soil.(当他第一次将专用麦克风插入山间草地时，耳机里突然传出混杂的怪异声响——嗡嗡声、唧唧声和刮擦声。这一意外发现为土壤生命声响的研究开启了大门。)”可知，此次实验并非刻意预设，而是收获了意外发现。 19. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In agriculture, this technology could allow farmers to find the exact location of pest problems, enabling targeted pesticide use instead of blanket applications, thus protecting soil health.(在农业领域，这项技术能让农民精准定位虫害位置，实现农药精准施用而非全面喷洒，进而保护土壤健康。)”可知，该技术通过精准定位虫害、精准施用农药维护土壤健康。 20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It reveals the complex, vital ecosystem that sustains us and serves as a strong warning that our actions can quiet its essential chorus, urging us to become better caretakers of the land.(它揭示了维系我们生存的复杂而重要的生态系统，并发出强烈警示：人类的行为可能会让这一生命的共鸣沉寂，督促我们更好地守护这片土地。)”可知，作者意在传递人类活动可能会破坏土壤生态、让土壤生命声响消失的观点。 考向三 健康医学类(疾病研究、饮食营养、运动科学、心理健康) Passage 1 (2027届湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学有限公司考前模拟)The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 1. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 3. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。 Passage 2 (2027届湖南长沙市珺琟高级中学有限公司考前模拟) Sound travels as vibrations(振动) through the air. Conventional microphones function by picking up these vibrations. Scientists wondered if they could make microphones that see those vibrations rather than hear them. Now researchers in China have built such a device. Led by physicist Yao Xuri from Beijing Institute of Technology, the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects. According to Yao, “This technique enables sound detection using everyday items under natural lighting.” This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880. He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers(激光), but such systems are often complex and costly. The Chinese team has adopted an alternative approach: single-pixel(单像素) imaging. “Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one,” Yao noted. It scans a scene to collect visual data, which is then processed by computers to reconstruct an image. Through this technique, Yao’s team detected how sound waves had shaken a paper card or leaf. A computer then decoded the data into audible sound. The device successfully captured spoken numbers in both Chinese and English and decoded an excerpt from Beethoven’s Für Elise. “This method creates a relatively small amount of data, making it easy to store or upload,” Yao noted. The team is refining the device’s capacity to detect human heartbeat and heart rate, a development that could enable non-contact patient monitoring in medical settings. Currently, the technology only works from about half a meter away, and detecting sound in noisy environments remains a key challenge. That will take more advanced technology and extensive field testing. But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak. 5. The underlined word “imperceptible” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. inaudible B. inaccessible C. unpredictable D. unnoticeable 6. What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. Research background. B. Study design. C. Technical approaches. D. Key challenges. 7. How does the single-pixel imaging device differ from ordinary cameras? A. It works at a super high speed. B. It processes data with a computer. C. It uses precise lasers to scan scenes. D. It collects data with only one sensor. 8. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of the technology? A. Expectant. B. Doubtful. C. Concerned. D. Uncertain. 【答案】5. D 6. A 7. D 8. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国团队研发的单像素成像拾音设备，通过“看见”声波振动实现收音，具有潜在医疗应用前景并面临现存挑战。 5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“the team has built a device that photographs the tiny, imperceptible vibrations that sound waves generate on objects.(该团队制造了一种设备，可以拍摄声波在物体上产生的微小、imperceptible振动)”可知，这种振动非常微小，是人们难以察觉的，因此“imperceptible”意为“不明显的、难以察觉的”。故选D项。 6. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“This is hardly the first attempt to make a microphone that works with light. Alexander Graham Bell built one back in 1880.He called it a photophone. It operated by using sound waves to deform a mirror, causing reflected light to flash along with the sound. These flashes were then changed back into sound. Modern attempts have been trying to copy this, using high-speed cameras or precise lasers (激光),but such systems are often complex and costly. (这并不是第一次尝试制造用光工作的麦克风。亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔早在1880年就制造了一个，他称之为光电话。它利用声波使反射镜变形，使反射光随声音一起闪烁，然后这些闪烁被转换回声音。现代的尝试一直在模仿这一技术，使用高速相机或精确的激光，但这样的系统通常复杂且昂贵)”可知，本段主要介绍了相关研究的背景。故选A项。 7. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike ordinary cameras which rely on millions of sensors, single-pixel imaging uses just one(与依赖数百万个传感器的普通相机不同，单像素成像只使用一个传感器)”可知，单像素成像设备与普通相机的区别在于它只用一个传感器收集数据。故选D项。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But if they succeed, we might not just listen to the world around us — we might watch it speak.(但如果他们成功了，我们可能不仅能倾听周围的世界，还能“看见”它说话)”可知，作者对这项技术的未来充满期待。故选A项。 Passage 3 (2027届湖南长沙浏阳景雅高级中学有限公司考前模拟)Everyone knows what makes a good story. Our hero starts their journey as a flawed being. In scene after scene, they face challenges that push them down new paths. By the end of the talc, they overcome setbacks and become a better person in the process. We love these plots in the novels we read but the principles of a good story offer much more than entertainment. Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress. People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health. Another key theme involved is finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events. McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork. Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”. Clearly, self-narratives aren’t the panacea. Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better. 9. What does the research focus on? A. The causes of stress. B. The principles of narrative. C. The connection between struggle and well-being. D. The link between mental health and self-narratives. 10. Why is the experiment mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To give proof. B. To make predictions. C. To draw a conclusion. D. To make comparisons. 11. What does the underlined word “panacea” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Attempt to get rid of worries. B. Means of recognizing yourself. C. Solution to adolescent problems. D. Guarantee to become better people. 12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Embrace Life Struggles B. Be Your Own Hero C. Ways to Make a Good Story D. The Power of Self-improvement 【答案】9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Recent research shows that the narratives we tell ourselves about our lives can powerfully help us recover from stress. People who generate tales of struggling and turning over a new leaf from their own lives appear to have much better mental health. Professor Dan McAdams put forward this idea and discovered that whether someone can describe having had some control over events in their past is an important predictor of mental health.(最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。丹·麦克亚当斯教授提出了这一观点，并发现一个人是否能描述自己对过去的事情有一定的控制能力，这是一个重要的心理健康预测指标)”可知，研究的重点是心理健康和自我叙述之间的联系。故选D。 10. 推理判断题。根据第三段“McAdams invited 14 and 15-year-olds to join in an experiment to write about their experiences of failure and success. Half of them were then given extra instructions to describe the ways they had made their success a reality and how the failure had changed them for the better. Eight weeks later, members of this group reported greater persistence and better grades in their schoolwork.(麦克亚当斯邀请了14岁和15岁的孩子参加一个实验，写下他们失败和成功的经历。然后，他们中的一半人被给予额外的指示，描述他们是如何使成功成为现实的，以及失败是如何使他们变得更好的。八周后，这组学生表现出了更强的毅力和更好的学业成绩)”可推知，在第3段中提到这个实验是为了提供证据。故选A。 11. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Exciting as these results are, some experts sound a few notes of caution. They worry that, hearing about the power of self-narratives, many people may feel they have to find a positive turning point in life. If they can’t, they could end up feeling guilty about having somehow “failed”.(尽管这些结果令人兴奋，但一些专家提出了一些警告。他们担心，听到自我叙述的力量，许多人可能会觉得他们必须找到生活中的积极转折点。如果他们做不到，他们可能会因为某种程度上的“失败”而感到内疚)”可知，自我叙述并不能保证就可以成为更好的人。故画线词意思是“保证成为更好的人”。故选D。 12. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nevertheless, if you hope for self-improvement, you can use the findings to good effect. By recognizing ourselves as the hero at the center of our own struggles, we can all become the author of our own destiny and change ourselves for the better.(然而，如果你希望自我改善，你可以利用这些发现来取得好的效果。认识到自己是奋斗中的英雄，我们都能成为自己命运的主宰，让自己变得更好)”结合文章主要说明了最近的研究表明，我们对自己生活的描述可以有力地帮助我们从压力中恢复过来。那些讲述自己在生活中挣扎并重新开始的人似乎有更好的心理健康。可知，故B选项“做自己的英雄”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 (2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测)What do you eat when you need comfort? The answer varies depending on where you’re from, but it’s likely some form of broth(肉汤), served steaming in a bowl. Across continents, broths are woven into cultural and familial memory. They rarely command attention on their own — yet they form the backbone of countless cuisines. For Dara Klein, a chef in London, broth connects the threads between her early childhood memories in Italy and her life’s work. In Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, tortellini in brodo is a Christmas tradition. Families gather to shape the pasta by hand while the broth simmers. “Italians are introduced to broth very early in life,” Klein says. “People connect to it deeply.” Zoey Xinyi Gong, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) food therapist, remembers her grandmother’s chicken soup with goji berries. “There’s always a soup for every meal,” Gong says. “A meal is not complete without soup.” In TCM, which dates back to the 2nd century BC, broth-based soups help maintain the body’s yin and yang — a balance essential for health. Chicken soup, in particular, has long been associated with recovery. Korea’s samgye-tang is eaten during the hottest summer days as a restorative meal. Greece’s avgolemono combines chicken broth with egg, lemon and rice. Mexico’s caldo de pate is a sustaining everyday soup. Scientific research into broth’s benefits is ongoing. Some studies suggest it may help reduce inflammation and ease cold symptoms. However, many sweeping health claims surrounding bone broth remain contested, and its benefits are often overstated in popular wellness culture. Gong recalls being shocked when bone broth became a trendy health product in New York. “They were selling it at coffee shops for $10 for little cups,” she says. “But we’ve been drinking that for a very long time in China.” Whether simmered for survival, wellness or celebration, one thing seems universal: In kitchens everywhere, someone is still tending the pot. 13. What does Dara Klein say about broth in Italian culture? A. It is a recent cooking invention. B. It is only served during Christmas. C. It was first documented in royal courts. D. It has deep emotional and traditional roots. 14. What can be inferred about soup in Chinese culture from Gong’s words and TCM principles? A. It is considered essential but primarily for its flavor. B. It is only consumed when someone is feeling unwell. C. It is valued as a tool for maintaining physical harmony. D. It has been replaced by modern medicine in recent years. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward the health claims made in popular wellness culture? A. Complete rejection. B. Cautious skepticism. C. Neutral observation. D. Enthusiastic support. 16. Which phrase or idiom most closely reflects the main idea of the passage? A. There is no place like home. B. One man’s meat is another man’s poison. C. The way to a man’s heart is through his stomach. D. A spoonful of comfort — across lands and tongues. 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了肉汤在世界各地不同文化里占据重要地位，它承载着家庭与文化记忆，兼具饮食、养生价值，同时作者也客观看待了市面上关于肉汤的各类健康说法。 13. 细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Italians are introduced to broth very early in life,” Klein says. “People connect to it deeply.”(Klein说：“意大利人从小就接触肉汤，人们对它有着深厚的情感。”) 可知，肉汤在意大利文化中有着深厚的情感与传统根基。 14. 推理判断题。根据原文第四段“In TCM, which dates back to the 2nd century BC, broth-based soups help maintain the body’s yin and yang—a balance essential for health.(追溯至公元前 2 世纪的中医认为，各类汤品有助于维持人体阴阳平衡，而这种平衡是健康的关键。)”可知，在中国文化中，汤被视作维持身体调和的一种方式。 15. 推理判断题。根据原文第六段“However, many sweeping health claims surrounding bone broth remain contested, and its benefits are often overstated in popular wellness culture.(然而，许多关于骨汤的宽泛健康说法仍存有争议，在当下流行的养生文化中，它的功效也常常被夸大。)”可知，作者对流行养生文化中的相关健康说法持谨慎质疑的态度。 16. 主旨大意题。根据原文第一段“What do you eat when you need comfort? The answer varies depending on where you’re from, but it’s likely some form of broth, served steaming in a bowl.(当你想要寻求慰藉时，会吃些什么？答案因人而异，但多半是一碗热气腾腾的肉汤。)”及全文内容可知，文章围绕肉汤展开，讲述它在不同国家、不同文化中都能给人带来慰藉，因此最贴合文章主旨的是 “一勺慰藉，跨越地域与语言”。 Passage 5 (2026届湖北红安县等校高三5月考前模拟)Some check watches or phone apps to know the time, but few realize our bodies have an internal clock — our circadian(昼夜) rhythm. Disrupted rhythms are linked to illnesses like Type 2 Diabetes and cancer, and drug effects vary significantly by administration time. This connection between treatment time and health outcomes has generated a specialized approach: chronotherapy. The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times. French researcher Francis Lévi drew on this wisdom to explore cancer treatment: healthy cells divide fixedly, while cancer cells multiply uncontrollably. Since chemotherapy(化疗) targets rapidly dividing cells. Levi reasoned that giving drugs when healthy cells are “asleep” could boost effectiveness and reduce side effects. Medical tests proved promising. Those who received chemotherapy at 6 am instead of 6 pm experienced far milder sickness and tiredness. Similar benefits emerged elsewhere: afternoon heart surgery is safer, and flu vaccines given between 9-11 am generate four times more antibodies than later in the day. Yet chronotherapy faced a problem: everyone’s internal clock varies by up to 12 hours. Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin(褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples. Now, new tests using blood or even hair offer quicker results. For example, Germany’s BodyClock test analyzes clock gene activity in hair follicles(毛囊) to reveal internal time, helping tailor treatments. These advances in determining our biological time not only support precision medicine but also the use of daily rhythms to enhance overall health. For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep. Scheduling demanding mental tasks or intense exercise during personal peak cognitive and physical periods (typically afternoon to early evening) can boost performance. By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives. 17. On what did Francis Lévi base his exploration of cancer treatment? A. The different division patterns of cells. B. The specific time when cancer cells divide slowly. C. The measurement of patients’ sleep patterns. D. The theoretical wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine. 18. What is implied about chronotherapy in Paragraph 4? A. It has been widely applied in clinical practice. B. Its application used to be limited by measurement barriers. C. It mainly depends on traditional rhythm assessment methods. D. Its actual effectiveness is closely related to treatment timing. 19. Which of the following is a practical daily application of circadian rhythm? A. Lisa opens curtains to get morning sunlight. B. Tom uses his phone right before bedtime. C. David trains hard between 9 and 11 am. D. Mary gets flu shot at lunch break. 20. What would be the most suitable title for the text? A. Follow Your Circadian Rhythm B. Reset Your Internal Clock Scientifically C. Choose a Healthy Lifestyle Wisely D. New Advances in Cancer Treatment 【答案】17. D 18. B 19. A 20. A 【语篇导读】文章主要介绍昼夜节律在精准医疗中的应用及日常健康管理中的实践价值。 17. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea of chronotherapy — giving drugs at right times — owes much to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which describes organs’ activity peaks at specific times.(时间疗法的理念——在恰当的时间给药——很大程度上归功于传统中医，中医描述了器官在特定时间的活动高峰)”可知，Francis Lévi的探索基于中医的理论智慧。 18. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Measuring it used to be time-consuming — tracking melatonin (褪黑素) release required hours in darkness and frequent samples.(测量它曾经非常耗时——追踪褪黑素释放需要在黑暗中度过数小时并频繁采样)”可知，过去测量方法的繁琐限制了时间疗法的应用。 19. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“For instance, exposure to morning light helps advance the body clock, while minimizing evening blue light promotes sound sleep.(例如，早晨接触阳光有助于调整生物钟，而减少晚间蓝光则促进良好睡眠)”可知，Lisa拉开窗帘获取晨光是符合昼夜节律的日常实践。 20. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，从时间疗法在癌症治疗中的应用到日常作息的调整，文章始终围绕“遵循昼夜节律以促进健康”展开。最后一段“By making use of our circadian rhythm — through timed treatments and rhythm-aware living — we can unlock longer, healthier lives.(通过利用我们的昼夜节律——通过定时治疗和具有节律意识的生活方式——我们可以解锁更长、更健康的生活)”总结了全文主旨，故选项A“遵循你的昼夜节律”适合作为标题。 考向四 社会研究类(教育方式、行为心理、社交关系) Passage 1 (2026届内蒙古乌兰察布市高三年级第二次模拟考试二模)For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed. Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite(亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields. “Traditional research into giftedness and expertise didn’t sufficiently consider how world-class performers at peak performance age developed in their early years,” said Güllich. Given all this, a new international research team was formed. The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers. This group included Nobel Prize winners in science, Olympic medalists, excellent chess players, etc. The researchers found early success didn’t reliably predict later greatness. First, individuals who performed best at a young age were usually not the same people who later reached the world-class level. Second, future top performers tended to not stand out early, and many weren’t among the best in their age group. Third, those who eventually reached peak performance explored multiple areas early in life. According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level. “Those who find an optimal(最适宜的) discipline for themselves and develop enhanced potential for long-term learning have improved chances of developing world-class performance,” said Güllich. “Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.” A young person might enjoy both mathematics and languages, or philosophy and geography. Looking ahead, these insights could help design better approaches to talent development. 1. What does the underlined word “flawed” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Confusing. B. Unattractive. C. Discouraging. D. Unsound. 2. What is the uniqueness of the new study compared to previous research? A. The focus on comprehensive data. B. The massive financial investment. C. The dependence on technology. D. The cooperation between countries. 3. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A. Ways to choose disciplines. B. The power of early variety. C. The qualities of top performers. D. The applications of the findings. 4. What did Güllich think was the most important about approaches to talent development? A. Creativity. B. Resistance. C. Flexibility. D. Sustainability. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现早期成功不能预测未来成就，指出过早单一学科训练有缺陷，提出人才培养应注重多领域探索。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“For decades, high grades, early medals, or strong test scores are often seen as signs of future greatness. Talent programs frequently select top-performing children and push them into intensive, single-discipline training from a young age. However, this approach may be flawed. A team led by Arne Güllich, professor of University Kaiserslautern Landau, found these assumptions didn’t match how most world-class performers actually developed.(几十年来，高分、早期奖牌或优异的考试成绩通常被视为未来成就卓越的标志。人才项目经常挑选表现顶尖的孩子，从小就推动他们接受高强度的单一学科训练。然而，这种方法可能是 flawed。凯撒斯劳滕-兰道大学的阿恩·居利希教授领导的团队发现，这些假设与大多数世界级表演者的实际发展方式并不相符)”可知，“从小进行单一学科高强度训练”的方法被研究证明与世界级表演者的实际发展不符，由此猜测flawed意为“有缺陷的、不健全的”,与unsound同义。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Earlier research mainly studied young or sub-elite (亚精英) performers, such as school students, youth athletes, and conservatory musicians. What was missing was a close look at adults who reached the highest level in their fields.(早期的研究主要研究年轻或亚精英表演者，如学生、青少年运动员和音乐学院的音乐家。所缺少的是对那些在各自领域达到最高水平的成年人的仔细观察)”和第三段中的“The team reanalyzed data from massive earlier studies, bringing together evidence from different fields for the first time. In total, they examined the developmental paths of 34,839 top performers.(该团队重新分析了早期大量研究的数据，首次整合了不同领域的证据。他们总共研究了34839名顶尖表演者的发展路径)”可知，与之前的研究相比，这项新研究的独特之处在于它聚焦于综合数据，首次整合不同领域证据，研究顶尖成年人的发展路径，而非仅研究年轻或亚精英群体。故选A项。 3. 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“According to the researchers, trying different disciplines helps individuals discover what truly fits them best over time, and that varied experiences build stronger learning skills, making it easier to improve later at the highest level.(研究人员表示，随着时间的推移，尝试不同的学科有助于个人发现最适合自己的领域，而多样化的经历能培养更强的学习技能，使他们后来更容易在最高水平上取得进步)”可知，第五段主要讲述了早期尝试多种领域(多样化经历)的好处和作用，即早期多样化的力量。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Thus, to support young talent, don’t make them specialize in just one discipline too early,” said Güllich. “Provide opportunities to pursue different areas of interest, and support development in two or three disciplines.”(居利希说：“因此，为了支持年轻人才，不要让他们过早地只专注于一个学科。提供追求不同兴趣领域的机会，并支持在两到三个学科领域的发展。”)”可知，居利希认为人才培养方法中最重要的是灵活性，即不要过早单一化，要支持多领域发展。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2026届福建省厦门第一中学高三下学期适应性练习)Picture yourself halfway up a winding trail, lungs burning, legs trembling, the summit still out of sight. You want to stop but you don’t. Something quiet and steady inside keeps you moving. That inner force, psychologists call grit(毅力) — the combination of persistence(坚持) and passion that keeps us going after goals. A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild. Over 1,200 university students took part in a 16–18-week course in either traditional physical education or outdoor education. Their grit levels were measured before and after the courses from two aspects: persistence of effort and consistency of interest. The answer, it turns out, lies somewhere between sweat and scenery. Both groups improved, but the difference was striking. Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence. Students who spent a term facing real-world challenges became mentally stronger. That sense of mastery — “I can handle this” — builds the same kind of grit linked to lower anxiety, better dealing with stress, and greater life satisfaction. In contrast, traditional PE improved students’ persistence but actually reduced their interest consistency — their ability to stay engaged with long-term goals. Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty. Newness doesn’t just keep us entertained; it keeps us engaged. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates). Together, they create a powerful recipe for inner motivation. This study shows that the environment we learn in shapes not just our bodies but our minds’ ability to persist.In a world of digital distraction (分心) and instant satisfaction, outdoor education reminds us that grit grows through hardship. For anyone seeking for long-term change, the message is simple: step outside. 5. Which one is most beneficial to the development of grit? A. Running on the same school track. B. Swimming in a sports center pool. C. Climbing mountains in a natural park. D. Playing basketball in an indoor stadium. 6. What does the underlined word “thrives” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Focuses. B. Grows. C. Depends. D. Survives. 7. Why is Self-Determination Theory mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To explain outdoor programs’ motivational effect. B. To analyze the physical benefits of newness in life. C. To introduce the popularity of outdoor education. D. To define the key driving factors of motivation. 8. What is the main idea of the text? A. Grit contributes to the long-term change. B. Outdoor challenges build a tougher mind. C. Natural scenery improves mental health. D. Routine workouts weaken inner motivation. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 【语篇导读】本文通过一项研究对比传统体育课与户外教育对年轻人毅力培养的影响，指出户外未知挑战更能提升人的毅力与心理素质，并从自我决定理论角度解释户外教育激发内在动力的原因，呼吁人们走进自然、在历练中磨砺心智。 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence.(户外教育在毅力的各项衡量指标上都带来了更大的提升，尤其是在坚持性方面。)”可知，户外教育更利于培养毅力。C在自然公园登山属于户外探索挑战，符合户外教育范畴。 6. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Repetitive routines, limited autonomy, and predictable settings may weaken curiosity over time. Outdoor education, however, thrives on uncertainty.(日复一日的常规、有限的自主权和可预测的环境可能会随着时间的推移削弱好奇心。然而，户外教育却在不确定性中thrives。)”可知，前文提到常规体育项目会消磨好奇心，而户外教育依托不确定性发展，可推断thrives此处意为“成长、发展”。 7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, outdoor programs meet the three psychological needs that fuel motivation: autonomy (you choose how to face challenges), competence (you see progress), and relatedness (you rely on teammates).(从自我决定理论的角度来看，户外项目满足了激发动力的三个心理需求：自主性——你可以选择如何面对挑战、胜任感——你能看到自己的进步、关联性——你可以依靠队友。)”可知，引入自我决定理论，是为了解释户外项目为何能激发内在动力。 8. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第二段“A new study from researchers at the China University of Geosciences explored what really develops that quality in young adults — routine workouts in the gym or unpredictable adventures in the wild.(中国地质大学的研究人员开展的一项新研究探讨了究竟是什么促使年轻人养成了这种品质——是在健身房进行规律锻炼，还是在野外经历不可预测的冒险？)”和第三段“Outdoor education produced bigger gains across every measure of grit, especially persistence.(户外教育在毅力的各项衡量指标上都带来了更大的提升，尤其是在坚持性方面。)”可知，全文围绕户外挑战相比常规运动更能磨砺心智、培养毅力展开论述。 Passage 3 (2026届山东省东明县第一中学高三考前模拟训练)Picture this: Becky entered a restaurant, waving at the friends already seated. She tripped over a chair on her way to join them, only just catching herself before hitting the floor. What would you do if you were Becky? Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam’s Goksel and his colleagues note that rather than just express your embarrassment or ignore the obvious, being able to laugh at yourself after committing a faux pas(失礼之举) should be your choice. All of this is fine if no one actually does get hurt (other than yourself). If Becky tipped over a wine glass on the table top, ruining the white dress of the woman seated at the table, it would be not so funny anymore. This problem can be translated into more academic terms: theories of affective deviance(情感偏差), which argue that reputation is negatively affected when one’s emotional expression mismatches their actions. To test out the factors that influence the best response to a bad situation, researchers conducted a series of six experiments involving just over 3200 people. They asked participants to imagine attending a dinner party at a friend’s house and chatting with the friend’s cousin. Each participant imagined scenarios(场景) in which they would admit a mistake to this stranger, including falling on a public street, missing one’s mother’s birthday, asking a woman who was not pregnant when her due date was and so on. Taking all the findings together, the authors constructed a model with character judgments of the offender as the final outcome. In this model, the display of amusement or embarrassment plus amount of harm predicted perceived emotional miscalibration(情绪失衡) and perceived embarrassment which, in turn, predicted how the actor was regarded by observers. The findings of this study showed that amusement won out over embarrassment as long as the outcome caused little harm. Laughter works because you also project a more authentic version of yourself to others than if you show embarrassment. Becky’s ability to laugh at the restaurant incident would not only ease the tension, but also show that she doesn’t fear looking awkward. 9. Why is Becky’s experience mentioned? A. To describe a common occurrence. B. To joke about her clumsy behavior. C. To introduce the topic naturally. D. To lead to a popular wisdom. 10. What is the function of paragraph 2? A. Challenging a view. B. Illustrating a theory. C. Sharing an experience. D. Raising an alert. 11. Which is a suitable case to joke about awkward behavior? A. Being late for a job interview. B. Mistaking a lady for being pregnant. C. Dirtying others’ clothes unintentionally. D. Slipping accidentally in an empty street. 12. What do the findings of the study imply? A. Self-teasing softens harmless awkwardness. B. Laughter is the best pass to amusement. C. Minor errors might cause great harm. D. Embarrassment displays sincerity. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. D 12. A 【语篇导读】文章主要探讨在社交失礼场合以幽默自嘲化解尴尬的心理学依据及适用边界。 9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Picture this: Becky entered a restaurant, waving at the friends already seated. She tripped over a chair on her way to join them, only just catching herself before hitting the floor. What would you do if you were Becky? Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam’s Goksel and his colleagues note that rather than just express your embarrassment or ignore the obvious, being able to laugh at yourself after committing a faux pas (失礼之举) should be your choice.(试想一下：贝基走进餐厅，向已经入座的朋友挥手。她在去汇合的路上被椅子绊倒，差点摔倒在地。如果你是贝基会怎么做？阿姆斯特丹自由大学的Goksel及其同事指出，与其仅仅表达尴尬或忽视明显的事实，在失礼之后能够自嘲才是你应该做的选择)”可知，提及贝基的经历是为了自然引入文章讨论的主题。 10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“This problem can be translated into more academic terms: theories of affective deviance (情感偏差), which argue that reputation is negatively affected when one’s emotional expression mismatches their actions.(这个问题可以转化为更学术的术语：情感偏差理论，该理论认为当一个人的情感表达与其行为不匹配时，其声誉会受到负面影响)”可知，本段通过引入学术理论来解释前文情境，旨在阐释理论。 11. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The findings of this study showed that amusement won out over embarrassment as long as the outcome caused little harm.(研究结果表明，只要造成的后果危害很小，娱乐性就会胜过尴尬)”可知，只有在无害的情况下才适合开玩笑。D选项“Slipping accidentally in an empty street.(在空荡荡的街上意外滑倒)”对他人无伤害，最适合自嘲。 12. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The findings of this study showed that amusement won out over embarrassment as long as the outcome caused little harm.(研究结果表明，只要造成的后果危害很小，娱乐性就会胜过尴尬)”及第五段“Laughter works because you also project a more authentic version of yourself to others than if you show embarrassment. Becky’s ability to laugh at the restaurant incident would not only ease the tension, but also show that she doesn’t fear looking awkward.(笑之所以管用，是因为相较于显露窘迫，它能让你向他人展现出更为真实的自我。贝基若在餐厅事件中放声一笑，不仅能缓和紧张气氛，更能表明她并不惧怕出糗)”可知，研究发现自嘲可以缓解无害的尴尬。 Passage 4 (2026届海南省文昌中学高三上学期第三次月考)Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert. If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life. What goes on in people’s heads when they aren’t sure whether to accept an invitation? Social invitations can be a delicate dance. People often misread what someone extending an invitation wants to hear and overestimate an inviter’s likelihood of preferring a “maybe” over a “no.” Moreover, they fail to realize how much more disrespected people feel when they receive a “maybe” in response to their invitation. Naturally, we wanted to figure out why this awkward dynamic plays out. We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased(有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open. Besides, people tend to overestimate the negative consequences of saying “no” to invitations, thinking it will upset, anger and disappoint inviters. However, there were certain situations that made people more comfortable saying “no” to an invitation. When recipients of an invitation put themselves in the shoes of the person extending the invitation, they are more likely to realize that they’d probably prefer a definite answer. When the participants get invited to do something they didn’t want to do, they had no desire to keep their options open. The motivated reasoning then became irrelevant. While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town. 13. Why is the concert anecdote mentioned at the beginning? A. To explain the background of the invitation. B. To stress the importance of quick replies. C. To encourage immediate decision- making. D. To introduce a common social situation. 14. What is the main reason for the response of “maybe” to an invitation? A. A biased interpretation of social cues. B. A desire for harmonious communication. C. An underestimation of refusal consequence. D. An understanding of the inviter’s expectation. 15. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? A. Keeping your options open for better plans. B. Accepting invitations to maintain friendships. C. Prioritizing clear response over open options. D. Thinking twice before refusing an invitation. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Psychology behind “Maybe” B. The Hidden Consequence of “Maybe” C. “Maybe”: A Polite Escape from Conflict D. “Maybe”: A Perfect Solution to Invitations 【答案】13. D 14. A 15. C 16. A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人们收到邀请时回复“Maybe”这一常见社交现象，分析其背后原因及特定应对情况，并给出直接回应的建议。 13. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Picture this, you win two tickets to a sold-out concert and eagerly text to ask your friends if they’d like to join. There comes their response “Maybe.” Your mood immediately turns, for you need to wait for their decisions before you can figure out your plans for the concert.(想象一下，你赢得了两张售罄音乐会的门票，急切地发短信问朋友是否愿意一起去。他们回复“也许吧”。你的心情立刻变了，因为你需要等他们做决定，才能确定自己的音乐会计划)”以及第二段中的“If you’ve experienced anything like the above anecdote, you’re not alone. People responding “maybe” to invitations is a common yet annoying aspect of social life.(如果你有过类似上述轶事的经历，你并不孤单。人们对邀请回复“也许”是社交生活中常见却令人恼火的一面)”可知，作者开头提及音乐会轶事，是为了引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”这一常见社交场景。故选D项。 14. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We found that it’s largely due to something called “motivated reasoning.” Motivated reasoning occurs when a person interprets information in a biased (有偏差的) way to suit their own wishes. In other words, invitees convince themselves that inviters want to hear “maybe” instead of “no” because a “maybe” is better for the invitees, allowing them to leave their options open.(我们发现，这在很大程度上是由一种叫做“动机性推理”的东西导致的。当一个人以有偏差的方式解读信息以迎合自己的意愿时，就会发生动机性推理。换句话说，受邀者会说服自己，邀请者更想听到“也许”而不是“不”，因为“也许”对受邀者更有利，能让他们保留选择的余地)”可知，人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的主要原因是对社交信号有偏差的解读。故选A项。 15. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While navigating social situations can be tricky, being direct and definite is sometimes best. It might reduce your options. But it’ll keep those who invite you from being left uncertain and maybe they’ll still think of you when the next concert comes to town.(虽然应对社交场合可能很棘手，但有时直接明确是最好的选择。这可能会减少你的选择，但能避免邀请你的人陷入不确定的状态，而且当下一场音乐会来临时，他们或许还会想到你)”可知，作者建议优先选择清晰明确的回应，而非保留选择余地。故选C项。 16. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开头以音乐会轶事引出人们对邀请回复“Maybe”的现象，接着在第三段分析了这一现象背后“动机性推理”的心理原因，第四段介绍了人们更愿意说“不”的特定情况，最后给出直接回应的建议。全文围绕“Maybe”背后的心理机制展开，因此A项“‘Maybe’背后的心理学”概括了文章主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 5 (2026届北京市第十一中学高三月考)Franz Boas’s description of Inuit(因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms(规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviors were disapproved of. Leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northem Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralizing religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. When we are socializing, our instincts include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behavior according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self- care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioral patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. 17. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code? A. Unwritten rules were the target. B. Living conditions were the drive. C. Honesty was the key. D. Social tradition was the basis. 18. What does the underlined word “instincts” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. natural reactions B. ambitious expectations C. unique experiences D. indifferent attitudes 19. What can we learn from this passage? A. Basic human needs lead to universal norms. B. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues. 20. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Roots of Morality C. The Values of Self-discipline D. Brains: Walls Against Chaos 【答案】17. D 18. A 19. A 20. B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕人类道德规范进行讨论，介绍了早期人类社会的道德准则及其形成机制，强调了道德规范的普遍性和社会本能对行为塑造的重要性。 17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms(规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviors were disapproved of. Leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northem Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为。领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，他们的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选D。 18. 词句猜测题。根据画线词前文“Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(相反，它们根植于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们共同的学习和解决问题的机制)”和下文“The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.(他人的认可令人愉悦，而他们的不赞同则令人强烈厌恶)”可知，道德美德根植于人类相似的基本需求，共同的学习和解决问题的机制，人们重视他人的看法，因此推断画线句说明：当我们社交时，我们的本能包括强烈的归属欲望。画线词与A项“自然反应”意思相近，故选A。 19. 细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选A。 20. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. (Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”和第二段中“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralizing religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.  (这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德宗教或成文法的概念。相反，它们根植于人类基本需求的相似性，以及我们共同的学习和解决问题的机制)”可知，本文围绕人类道德规范进行讨论，介绍了早期人类社会的道德准则及其形成机制，强调了道德规范的普遍性和社会本能对行为塑造的重要性，所以D项“道德的根源”契合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 考向五 历史文化类(语言演变、节日起源、建筑风格) Passage 1 (2026届江苏南京市部分学校“零模”考前训练题英语)Every 40 days a language dies. This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century. Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution(迫害) , with the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous(土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South Africa and Argentina were extinct. The climate crisis is now considered the “final nail in the coffin” for many indigenous languages and the knowledge they represent. “Languages are already endangered,” says Anastasia Richl, director of the Strathy language unit at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. Huge factors are globalization and migration, as communities move to regions where their language is not spoken or valued, according to Richl. “It seems particularly cruel,” she says, “that most of the world’s languages are in parts of the world that are growing unpleasant to people.” Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring 12,189km2, has 110 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise, she says. “Many small language communities are on islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise.” Others live on lands where rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration. In response to the crisis, the UN launched the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in 2022. Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is “not only important for them, but for all humanity”, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president, urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages. 1. What is the writer mainly concerned about? A. The disappearance of languages. B. The challenge of climate change. C. The reaction to the language crisis. D. The trend of the speedy globalization. 2. Why is Vanuatu mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To explain the main reason for language density. B. To show the common features of endangered languages. C. To stress the impact of geographical position on migration. D. To illustrate the situation of minority language communities. 3. What does the International Decade of Indigenous Languages aim to do? A. Support migrants to access local education. B. Discourage people from massive migration. C. Improve the living conditions of minority groups. D. Preserve the languages of indigenous communities. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Faced with Disasters: Communities Have to Leave B. Lost for Words: Rising Seas Bring Threat of Catastrophe C. Upset at Extinction: UN Urges International Cooperation D. Involved in Action: Experts Seek Solutions to Climate Crisis 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候危机加剧了语言的消失，解释了语言消失背后的种种原因以及联合国对土著语言的保护措施。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century.(气候危机加剧了这种“灾难性”损失；根据语言学家的说法。保守估计，如果不采取任何措施，到本世纪末，目前使用的7000种语言中有一半将灭绝)”以及第二段“Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution (迫害) , with the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous (土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South Africa and Argentina were extinct.(说少数民族语言的人经历了漫长的迫害历史，结果到20世纪20年代，澳大利亚、美国、南非和阿根廷的土著语言中有一半已经灭绝)”可知，作者主要关心的是语言的消失。故选A。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring 12,189km2, has 110 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise, she says. “Many small language communities are on islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise.” Others live on lands where rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration.(瓦努阿图是一个南太平洋岛国，面积12189平方公里，拥有110种语言，是地球上语言密度最高的国家。她说，它也是海平面上升风险最大的国家之一。“许多小语言社区位于岛屿和海岸线上，容易受到飓风和海平面上升的影响。”另一些人生活在气温上升威胁到传统农业和渔业的土地上，导致迁徙)”可推知，第3段提到瓦努阿图是为了说明少数民族语言社区的情况。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is “not only important for them, but for all humanity”, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president, urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages.(联合国大会主席Csaba Korosi表示，促进和保护土著社区的语言“不仅对他们很重要，对全人类也很重要”。他敦促各国允许用土著语言进行教育)”可知，土著语言国际十年的目标是保护土著社区的语言。故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Every 40 days a language dies. This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century.(每40天就有一种语言消亡。气候危机加剧了这种“灾难性”损失；根据语言学家的说法。保守估计，如果不采取任何措施，到本世纪末，目前使用的7000种语言中有一半将灭绝)”结合文章主要说明了气候危机加剧了语言的消失，解释了语言消失背后的种种原因以及联合国对土著语言的保护措施。可知，B选项“语言的丧失：海平面上升带来灾难的威胁”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 2 (2027届江苏南京市江宁高级中学一模)Researchers at the University of Padua in Italy have traced the origins of one of Venice’s most long-lasting signs: the bronze winged lion that stands on the top of a column in St Mark’s Square. Long believed to be a Venetian creation, the sculpture is determined to come from the Yangzi River basin in China. The lion systematically reflects Chinese artistic traditions. For example, the position of its paws matches that of ancient Chinese lion guardians, originally fierce protectors of tombs. Researchers propose that Marco Polo may have acquired the sculpture, a gift from the Yuan Dynasty emperor, and later brought it back to Venice. A Chinese burial guardian thus became a silent witness to the vast cultural exchanges. In China, the lion holds an important symbolic role even though the animals have never lived there in the wild. From palaces to the gates of private homes and even modern banks, pairs of stone lions still stand guard. Real lions began arriving in China via the Silk Road, sent as foreign offerings from Central Asian states to emperors of the Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, lions were already features of the cultural imagination. Over the centuries, their style evolved: Tang figures often walk energetically, Song examples soften into playful scenes, while later lions sit low in calm dignity. large and completely still. The lion’s influence also extended into popular culture. The lion dance combined martial arts, acrobatics(杂技) and drama into a brilliant performance. Performed at public celebrations, the dance represented strength, luck and the driving away of evil spirits. Today, it remains a beloved festive event across China and throughout overseas Chinese communities. From foreign gift animal to sacred guardian, from sculpted icon to dynamic performer, the lion in China reflects a unique blend of folk inspiration and artistic imagination. In Italy, the bronze lion still gazes over Venice, standing as a reminder of the global networks linking East Asia and Europe long before the modern age, and of how symbols travel, transform and last across civilizations. 5. What is the researchers’ discovery about the bronze lion? A. It originated in China. B. It was made by Venetians. C. It stood as Venice’s symbol. D. It was bought by Marco $