专题04 阅读理解新闻报道+议论文（专项训练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语真题题源解密

**基本信息** 聚焦新闻报道与议论文阅读理解，构建“体裁特征-题型解法-真题应用”三维训练体系，通过六要素定位、论点论据分析等方法提升语言理解与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情概览|命题解读（含2考向统计）|新闻抓导语六要素、议论文抓论点论据|从体裁特征到高频考点，建立命题规律认知| |真题研析|2026全国二卷D等2篇|新闻“导语-主体-结尾”三步法、议论文“论点-论据-结论”分析法|以真题为载体，示范方法应用路径| |真题精练|2024新课标Ⅱ卷B等5篇|细节题定位技巧、观点题态度判断|通过近年真题巩固方法，强化解题迁移能力| |模拟探源|2026届多地模拟题6篇|主旨题归纳策略、推断题逻辑推理|跟进新题风向，预判考查趋势，完善解题体系|

专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 命题解读 考向 考查统计 一 特点： 新闻报道作为新闻类文章的灵魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别who、what、when、where、why、how六要素，了解新闻的主要内容。 议论文抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 二 高频考点： 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。分为演绎论证议论文和归纳论证议论文。 考向一 新闻报道 （2026全国二卷D） （2024新课标II卷B） 考向二 议论文 （2025全国一卷 C） （2024北京卷C） （2024新课标I卷C） （2024全国甲卷D） 新闻报道类阅读理解题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题。 4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 议论文类阅读理解是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 考向一 新闻报道类 （2026全国二卷 D） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 33．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 34．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 35．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了巴塞罗那地铁系统推出的MetroCharge项目。该项目通过再生制动技术回收地铁列车刹车时产生的能量，优先供给列车与车站使用，剩余电能输送至地面，为私家电动汽车充电站供电，实现清洁能源的创新利用、提高能源利用率。 原文出处 本文来自美联社(AP)2024年12月18日，名为Barcelona subway recycles energy from braking into power to charge electric cars的文章。 百科知识 再生制动(Regenerative Brakes)的核心原理: 车辆制动时，牵引电动机切换为发电机模式。依靠车辆惯性带动电机转子转动，产生制动力矩，将原本会通过摩擦以热能形式耗散的动能转化为电能，实现能量回收、再利用。简单来说，列车刹车时，牵引电机反向运转充当发电机，把摩擦损耗的动能转化为可利用的电能。 语言知识 重难单词 slide v. 滑动，滑行 burst n. 迸发 charge v. 给.....充电 package n. 一套，一揽子 tackle v. 应对，处理 shift n. 转变，转换 whereby adv. 借此，凭此 power v. [名词动化]为......提供供动力，驱动 remainder n. 剩余部分 snake v. [名词动化]蜿蜒伸展 plug-in adj. 插电的，插入式的 working-class adj. 工人阶级的，工薪阶层的 regenerative adj. 再生(式)的 conventional adj. 传统的 innovative adj. 创新的 redirect v. 重新使用，重新调配 boost v. 提高，促进 efficiency n. 效率 launch v. 发起，推出 fuel v. [名词动化]刺激，促进 enhance v. 提升，增强 promote v. 促进，推动 concern n. 担心/关心的事 generate v. 产生，创造 aspect n. 方面 operate v. 运行，操作 mechanism n. 机制，原理 reclaimed adj. 回收的，再利用的 creatively adv. 创造性地 prioritize v. 优先考虑，优先处理 重难词块 pull into (列车等)进站 pour out 涌出 go about one's daily business处理日常事务 put together 整合，汇集 do one's part 尽自己的一份力 plug in 给(电器等)接通电源/充电 in the case of 就……而言 supply sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 in so far as 在......范范围，到......程度 allow for 使成为可能 be redirected to 被重新调配到 in this case 在这种情况下 长难句分析 Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 分析：whereby引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词MetroCharge project；定语从句中包含由while引导的两个并列分句: snaking through cables为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语is sent。 翻译: 巴塞罗那地铁系统有16个车站参与了全新的MetroCharge项目，借助该项目，地铁列车刹车产生的能量会优先为列车和车站供电，剩余能量则顺着电缆蜿蜒输送到地面，为私家(电动)车的充电站供电。本句为主从复合句，主句为：Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project; 考向二 议论文 （2025·全国一卷·C） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 语篇解读 关键词 pedestrian mobility, d rethink of our streets, road networks 主旨概要 本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼呼人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。 原文出处 选自Inside Story网站2023年1月21日名为Why the rush? 的文章 百科知识 简·雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs)是20世纪最具影响力的城市规划思想家之一。她提倡以人为本的城市设计，反对以汽车为中心的城市重建，主张保护社区的活力和街道的多样性。 语言知识 重难点词 decline n. 下降; bother v. 使担忧; destroy v. 摧毁; destruction n. 破坏; alarm n. 惊恐; champion v. 捍卫; decent adj. 宜居的; recognise v. 意识到 重难点词块 pack sb. into sth. 在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人); take back 夺回; call for (公开)要求; make way for给让路; fight back 反击; lead a campaign 领导运动; call on sb. to do sth. 呼呼某人做某事; rush through 快速通过; account for 考虑到 合成词、派生词 improvement n. 改善; mobility n. 流动(性; transform v. 使改变; rethink n. 重新考虑; journalist n. 新闻记者; proposed adj . 提议的; replacement n. 取代; expressway n. 高速公路; widespread adj. 广泛的; majority n. 大多数; redesign v. 重新设计; ownership n. 所有权 长难句分析 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, the call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 分析：本句主干是they call for a rethink； of our streets and the role they play in our lives是介词短语作后置定语修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives是省略that /which的定语从句，修饰role。 翻译:在他们的新书《出行之道: 如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，作者呼吁重新审视街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。 【技巧点拨】 新闻报道类阅读理解 1.知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where, Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓导语便对新闻事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。 2.欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。 3. 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。 议论文阅读理解 1.把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 2. 把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题（论点）推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 【新闻报道类】 Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24．Why did BART start the kiosk program? A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use. C．To meet passengers’ needs. D．To reduce its running costs. 25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A．By popularity. B．By length. C．By theme. D．By language. 26．What has Trost been doing recently? A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers. C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists. 27．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline. C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase. 【议论文类】 Passage 1 （2024·北京·C）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. Passage 2 （2024·全国甲卷·C）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. 28．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report. C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list. 29．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B．Readers are often carried away by character. C．Each type of literature has its unique end. D．A story which begins well will end well. 30．What is expected of a good ending? A．It satisfies readers’ taste. B．It fits with the story development. C．It is usually positive. D．It is open for imagination. 31．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A．To give examples of great novelists. B．To stress the theme of this issue. C．To encourage writing for the magazine. D．To recommend their new books. Passage 3 （2024新课标I卷D）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 32．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 33．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 34．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【新闻报道类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖南长沙市开物中学考前模拟英语试题） In a quiet corner of Oxford University’s Bodleian Library, a robotic arm flips through a 15th-century manuscript, its high-resolution cameras capturing every faded ink stroke. This is ARCHiVE (Automated Robotic Cultural Heritage Inspection and Verification Engine), a £2.3 million project revolutionizing how fragile artifacts are preserved and studied. Combining robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced imaging, ARCHiVE represents a model shift in cultural conservation. Traditional conservation methods often risk damaging delicate materials. ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen. “It’s like having a doctor for ancient books,” explains Dr Emily Carter, lead conservator. Since its 2022 launch, ARCHiVE has scanned over 8,000 items, from Egyptian papyri to medieval maps, with 99.7% accuracy in damage assessment. Its non-invasive approach has reduced physical handling by 85%, significantly lowering the risk of accidental damage. The project’s digital twin technology creates exact virtual copies, allowing global access to restricted collections. During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours. “We’re not just saving objects,” says Carter, “but we’re preserving humanity’s collective memory.” This technology has also democratized access, with over 50,000 digital artifacts now available to researchers and the public worldwide. However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker, a traditionalist at Cambridge. Others worry about data ownership, as scanned artifacts become digital assets potentially controlled by tech corporations. A 2024 survey revealed that 62% of conservators fear losing control over digitized cultural heritage.    ARCHiVE’s next phase involves 4D scanning, capturing how materials change over time. Pilot tests on Viking ship timbers have already revealed previously unknown construction techniques. Meanwhile, UNESCO is developing global standards for digital heritage, ensuring these technological marvels serve humanity rather than corporate interests. As Carter reflects, “Our ancestors left us these treasures; our duty is to pass them forward — both physically and digitally.” 1．What is the main function of ARCHiVE’s robotic system? A．Repairing damaged artifacts. B．Creating virtual museum tours. C．Identifying and forecasting damage. D．Selling digital copies of artifacts. 2．How did ARCHiVE help during the Cairo Museum flood? A．By raising emergency funds online. B．By training local conservation staff. C．By physically moving artifacts to safety. D．By providing digital models for restoration. 3．What is Prof Whitaker’s main concern about ARCHiVE? A．Data ownership concerns. B．Loss of direct experience. C．High operating costs. D．Environmental impact. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．ARCHiVE: Digital Guardians of the Past B．ARCHiVE and the Traditional-Digital Balance C．ARCHiVE: The Battle for Heritage Preservation D．AI in ARCHiVE: Ethical Dilemmas and Their Resolutions Passage 2 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题） When a player on the other team makes a terrible mistake, most fans feel happy. But not every sports fan. In an NFL playoff game last season, the Baltimore Ravens were playing against the Buffalo Bills. With less than two minutes left, the Ravens scored a touchdown, making the score 27-25. If they could score another two points, they would tie the game. The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball. The Ravens lost, and their season was over. Most fans would have celebrated, but some Bills fans felt sympathy instead. They knew that Andrews has type 1 diabetes, a disease that requires constant care — he checks his blood sugar 30 times a day and uses an insulin (胰岛素) pump. Two young Bills fans, Ryan Patota and Nicholas Howard, decided to do something different. Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000. “We just want to spread love,” Patota said. “You hate the other team. You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.” Word spread quickly. Donations poured in from Bills fans, then Ravens fans, and even fans of other NFL teams. Soon they had raised more than $146,000 — far beyond their original goal. Two weeks after the game, Andrews shared his feelings online. “I’m absolutely upset by what happened,” he wrote. “But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D．’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.” What started as a painful mistake on the field turned into something beautiful — fans from rival teams coming together to support a cause greater than the game itself. 5．What happened to Andrew in an NFL playoff game last season? A．He scored a decisive touchdown. B．He got injured and left the field. C．He stumbled and missed a key pass. D．He passed the ball to his opponent. 6．Why did Patota and Howard start the fundraising? A．To raise money for diabetes research. B．To cover Andrews’ medical expenses. C．To celebrate their team’s playoff victory. D．To gain more followers on Instagram. 7．What can be inferred about Mark Andrews? A．He felt ashamed of his past performance. B．He was grateful for the support he received. C．He was disappointed with his teammates. D．He felt hopeful about his future career. 8．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．A Game-Changing Mistake B．From Competition to Generosity C．Lessons from a Playoff Loss D．Living with Type 1 Diabetes Passage 3 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测英语试题2） Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump (垃圾场) caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection to ultimately improve their own health and that of their neighbors. Vihaan struggled with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. He knew his symptoms would not likely improve until his local community improved its waste management solutions. In 2018, at ages 14 and 11, respectively, the brothers created a home recycling program called One Step Greener that managed recycling for 15 households within their community. Their goal: prevent toxic chemical waste from seeping (渗透) into the environment and creating dangerous health conditions for residents. At first, the boys felt empowered by taking the action of separating waste into distinct categories. When local officials then informed them that the local garbage collection crew would not pick up their separated bags, they felt momentarily defeated, but persisted in their efforts. The boys then created a neighborhood coalition to create a unified recycling program, which 15 households took part in. Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. “The main issue in waste management is that everybody thinks it’s not their job, or if the waste is out of their house, it’s out of their mind,” Vihaan said. Vihaan and Nav’s program grew from managing 15 households to 3,000 throughout 14 Indian cities. The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. The separated waste is then delivered to warehouses where it is further divided to ensure proper recycling. Newspapers are separated from A4 printing paper, PET plastic from polypropylene, and computer screens from keyboards. One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.” “It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan. 9．What inspired Vihaan and Nav to start One Step Greener? A．The locals’ waste collection failure. B．A project on waste management. C．A landfill collapse near their home. D．The city’s campaign for recycling. 10．What was local authorities’ attitude to the program after the neighborhood’s participation? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Dismissive. D．Approving. 11．What did One Step Greener do for the participating households? A．It picked up dry waste for free. B．It educated them online about recycling. C．It delivered newspapers to them. D．It paid them for their recyclable materials. 12．What does Vihaan and Nav’s program show? A．Better late than never. B．Teamwork makes the dream work. C．Knowledge is power. D．Actions speak louder than words. Passage 4 （2025-2026学年山西现代双语学校南校等校下学期6月阶段检测英语试题） When a Chinese motorcycle brand achieved a double victory in the World Supersport (WorldSSP) Championship in Portugal, it marked more than just a racing success. Behind the achievement stood Zhang Xue, whose journey from hardship to innovation reflects determination, courage and long-term vision. Zhang grew up in a poor family, living in a damaged house with a leaking roof after his parents separated. At 14, his life changed when he first saw a motorcycle. Fascinated by the machine, he left school and became an apprentice in a repair shop. Instead of textbooks, his days were filled with tools, oil and long hours of practice, during which he gradually built both skills and confidence. These early experiences laid a solid foundation for his later career. A turning point came in 2006 when he contacted a local TV station to show his motorcycle stunts (特技). After repeated failures, the crew decided to leave. Unwilling to give up, Zhang rode more than 100 kilometers in the rain to find them again. Moved by his determination, they gave him another chance, which helped him begin a professional racing career and gain wider recognition. This experience also strengthened his belief in persistence. Years later, Zhang showed the same courage in business. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing with limited savings and started selling modified motorcycles online. In 2017, he co-founded a company that quickly expanded and became the first Chinese team to complete the Dakar Rally. In 2024, he founded ZX Moto to compete with established international brands, aiming to bring Chinese technology onto the global stage and win global recognition. For Zhang, racing victories are not just personal achievements. They represent growing confidence in China’s ability to compete in high-performance industries and show how persistence and long-term effort can lead to meaningful success. 13．What did Zhang gain from his early experience in the repair shop? A．Guidance from experienced workers. B．The foundation for his future career. C．A strong interest in racing competitions. D．Opportunities to join professional teams. 14．What marked a turning point in Zhang’s life? A．His commitment to motorcycle repair. B．His attempts to demonstrate riding skills. C．His effort to impress motorcycle fans. D．His initiative to seek a broader platform. 15．Which of the following best describes Zhang’s character? A．Creative and fun-loving. B．Generous and easy-going. C．Strong-willed and persistent. D．Careful and risk-avoiding. 16．What can be inferred from Zhang’s story? A．How young racers steadily improve their riding skills. B．How personal effort contributes to industrial progress. C．Why technical innovation is necessary for a new brand. D．Why international motorcycle racing competitions matter. Passage 5 （2026届四川省彭州中学高三下学期第一次高考模拟考试英语试卷） From a single teaching building on the banks of Dushu Lake to a global institution with nearly 50,000 alumni across the world, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) has written a remarkable chapter of educational innovation in just twenty years. On May 22, 2026, XJTLU held its 20th-anniversary High-Quality Development Conference in Suzhou, marking two decades since its founding as one of China’s earliest independent-legal-person Sino-foreign cooperative universities. The celebration was not merely a look back but a bold step forward. Professor Youmin Xi, Executive President of XJTLU, unveiled the university’s 2026-2036 decennial strategy, announcing the launch of its “4.0 model” exploration — a forward-looking initiative designed to break down the boundaries between university and society, education and daily life, and learning and work. From Humble Beginnings to Global Recognition The numbers tell a compelling story of growth. When XJTLU first opened its doors in 2006, it welcomed just 164 students. Today, that number has surged to nearly 26,000, and the university has earned a reputation as a “beacon” and “benchmark” for Sino-foreign cooperative education in China. Professor Tim Jones, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool, praised the partnership as one of the world’s most successful transnational education ventures. The anniversary celebrations culminated in a “Light Up the World” global campaign, connecting the university’s four home cities: Suzhou and Xi’an in China, Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and New York in the United States. Iconic landmarks — including Suzhou’s Gate to the East, Liverpool’s Royal Liver Building, and New York’s Times Square — were illuminated in XJTLU’s signature colors, symbolizing the university’s growing global influence. Over 70,000 people from more than 70 countries and 300 cities participated online, making the celebration a truly worldwide event. A Culture Rooted in Innovation The official release of the university song, “Onward We Go” (Chinese title: 步履不停), captured the spirit of the occasion. Co-created by nearly 200 students, faculty, and alumni, the song tells the story of scholars from around the world gathering in Suzhou to explore the future of education—and to provide “the XJTLU solution” to the world. As Professor Xi noted in his address, “The core of education lies in building an ecosystem of growth centered on the holistic development of each individual.”  He emphasized that XJTLU’s mission is not merely to produce job-seekers but to cultivate problem-solvers and change-makers capable of leading in an uncertain world. Since its founding, XJTLU has evolved its educational models from 1.0 (professional-elite education) to 2.0 (syntegrative education with industry integration) to 3.0 (an industry innovation ecosystem). Now, as the university sets its sights on the next two decades, its 4.0 model promises to push even further — reimagining what a university can be and directly participating in the creation of a future-oriented, innovative social ecosystem. 17．What can be inferred from the growth of XJTLU as described in the passage? A．The university's student population has increased more than 150 times since its founding. B．The number of students decreased due to the shift to the 4.0 model. C．The university started with almost 26,000 students in 2006. D．Student growth has been slow because of strict admission policies. 18．What does the author imply by describing the “Light Up the World” campaign in detail? A．The campaign was only an online activity without any real-world events. B．The celebration reflected XJTLU’s limited global connections. C．The campaign symbolized XJTLU’s global reach and community spirit. D．The illumination of landmarks was a purely commercial event. 19．According to Professor Youmin Xi, what is the primary goal of XJTLU’s education? A．To help students find high-paying jobs after graduation. B．To focus solely on academic research and publications. C．To create an ecosystem that supports holistic individual growth. D．To expand the university’s campus facilities and student housing. 20．What does the development from “1.0 to 4.0 models” suggest about XJTLU’s approach to education? A．It has remained unchanged since 2006 to maintain stability. B．It has continuously evolved to break traditional university boundaries. C．It has shifted its focus entirely away from professional skills. D．It only values theoretical knowledge over practical application. Passage 6 （2026年四川省绵竹中学6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. The device, known as the NEO system, was developed by Shanghai-based company Neuracle Medical Technology. On March 13, China’s National Medical Products Administration granted it a Class III medical device certificate — the country’s highest regulatory classification—allowing it to enter clinical use. Zeng Yuhang, an engineer at Neuracle, told Shanghai-based outlet The Paper that the implanted sensors are about the size of a coin. The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术) approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality. The system is also battery-free. A magnetic coil powers the implant wirelessly, eliminating the need for patients to remove the device for charging. After implantation, patients may be able to operate the system independently at home about one month after surgery. One participant in the trial, identified only by the surname Dong, joined the study in October2024. After more than a year of rehabilitation (复原) training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down. Two days after the NEO system received clearance, Shanghai announced three BCI research centers at the Shanghai International Forum on Lansheng Brain Science and BCI. Two of them led by Shanghai Lansheng Brain Medical Research Co., Ltd., will focus on innovative research and AI integration. And the third led by Tongji University Affiliated Tianyou Hospital will work on targeted neuromodulation (神经调节) therapy. Mao Ying, president of Huashan Hospital — which has conducted the largest number of clinical trial cases—said future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again by targeting recovery in the lower limbs. However, he cautioned that BCI technology remains in its early stages. “We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.” 21．What makes the NEO system special? A．Complete cure for brains. B．Frequent battery changes. C．Direct control of human brain. D．First commercial invasive BCI. 22．What can we learn about the epidural implantation? A．It causes serious brain damage. B．It is for minor injury patients only. C．It maintains signal quality while keeping the risk low. D．It costs more than traditional surgeries. 23．Why is Dong’s example mentioned? A．To present BCI’s commercial use. B．To explain implantation procedures. C．To show writing without brain signals. D．To prove NEO system’s effectiveness. 24．What’s the author’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical. 【议论文类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟考试英语试题） In the digital age, the art of writing by hand has slowly been reduced to mere entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is crucial to brain health and development, offering multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we reconsidered the potential benefits it may bring to our mental capacities. According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections that are essential for encoding new information and forming memories. A recent investigation, for instance, found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated and widespread for participants who wrote by hand than for those who typed. Therefore, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact on brain health. Handwriting is not only good for our brain health — it also has clear, practical advantages. Research has shown that students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes, demonstrating improved learning. This finding extends beyond the classroom as well. People who recorded information on paper calendars displayed more brain activity and recalled information faster than those who used smartphones. The act of handwriting, consequently, could be a valuable tool for students preparing for exams and adults managing daily tasks. Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been in decline. However, 25 states in the US have reintroduced it into school curricula. This represents a step in the right direction, as previous research has also indicated that handwriting is essential for children’s brain development. For example, illiterate children who wrote by hand showed brain activity in the circuit used for learning to read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cognitive development. Clearly, handwriting is a valuable activity with the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem-solving skills. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is important not to overlook the value of this seemingly simple activity. So, the next time you reach for your keyboard,remember the benefits of picking up a pen instead. 1．What is the common view of handwriting in today’s digital era? A．It is no longer as popular as it used to be. B．It should be taught together with typing. C．It is now valued equally with digital tools. D．It remains an essential skill for daily life. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on regarding handwriting? A．Its role in improving brain connectivity. B．Its advantages in learning and memory tasks. C．Its effect on helping students score higher. D．Its value in adult daily management skills. 3．Why is previous research mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To add further evidence. B．To make a comparison. C．To show different opinions. D．To present a professional viewpoint. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare handwriting with typing. B．To promote handwriting as an art form. C．To introduce a new digital writing tool. D．To emphasize handwriting’s cognitive value. Passage 2 （2026年四川省绵竹中学 6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self. The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections. Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions. To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are. 5．What is the primary function of algorithms? A．To predict future preferences. B．To provide digital security. C．To record users’ past behavior. D．To encourage creative thinking. 6．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．The history of online behavior. B．The restriction of repetitive cycles. C．The benefits of personalized data. D．The importance of cultural diversity. 7．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A skill for future life. B．A result of excessive data. C．A way to save time. D．A loss of independence. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives. B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System. C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes. D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms. Passage 3 （2025-2026学年广东多校联考下学期学情调研英语试题） Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past? Urban historian Dolores Hayden describes cities as “palimpsests” — manuscripts written upon repeatedly, earlier versions never fully erased. In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.” Some argue that memory can survive through photographs and documents. In fact, there is a difference between knowing about a place and experiencing it. A photograph of an old church conveys its appearance; walking through its doors conveys something else entirely — the height of the ceiling, the echo of footsteps, the weight of silence. These are not details; they are the substance of embodied memory. Research in environmental psychology suggests that physical spaces maintain collective identity. When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before. None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are. 9．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To criticize the over-commercialization of historic sites. B．To contrast historical significance with modern appeal. C．To present a phenomenon and introduce the topic. D．To explain why history is overlooked and underestimated. 10．What does the example of Los Angeles intend to illustrate? A．The cost of urban development. B．The role of economic ambitions. C．The preservation of tangible proof. D．The success of redevelopment projects. 11．What can be inferred about the communities losing landmarks? A．They cherish shared history. B．They maintain collective identity. C．They prioritize growth over memory. D．They face identity confusion. 12．What does the text convey? A．History outweighs art in value. B．Physical spaces hold irreplaceable memory. C．Cities face a growth-or-history choice. D．Photos preserve memory inadequately. Passage 4 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测13英语试题） Who will take care of grandma and grandpa when no one is available? This question is becoming urgent as the population is aging rapidly and fewer children are being born. For many families, the answer might soon be a robot. This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring someone to help with aging loved ones is prohibitively expensive — upwards of $75,000 a year for a home health aide and well over $100,000 for a nursing home. In comparison, one estimate places the cost of a humanoid robot at just $20,000. Given this affordability, I believe that robots will assume the care of many elderly people. A robot could potentially be a one-time expense, requiring minimal maintenance and receiving updates through cloud computing technology. And it could function around the clock. I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated (脱水的) because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems. Reliable robotic companions could also accompany seniors outside the home for walks or to community events, enhancing rather than weakening their social connections. Furthermore, while actual human contact is preferable, it has real drawbacks. Human caregivers can lose their tempers, but robots are unlikely to have that problem. In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate (有同情心的) than those of humans — a surprising but telling result. A robot with AI-assisted voice technology could potentially understand emotion and intent, clarify instructions, and respond to commands in real time. But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her? As her faculties (机能) fail, will she feel more at ease with the robot than with her family? 13．What is a robot’s main practical advantage in elder care? A．Its lower long-term cost. B．Its guarantee of total safety. C．Its ability to show friendship. D．Its simple setup and operation. 14．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ease. B．Cause. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 15．What does the author imply by citing the AI study in paragraph 4? A．The urgent need to replace human care. B．The potential of AI in showing empathy. C．The general weakness of human caregivers. D．The importance of human emotional interaction. 16．How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A．Angry and intolerant. B．Reflective and concerned. C．Indifferent and dismissive. D．Sympathetic and confused. Passage 5 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测10英语试题） While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. A widely cited definition is provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which characterizes a flood as “the overflowing of normal confines of a stream or water body”. However, this definition is problematic. Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold (稀有度阈值). For instance, a knee-deep pool in a wetland might be normal, but the same water in a street could be called a flood. To address this problem, a two-tier framework is proposed. At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. A flood that enriches soil may be seen as good by a farmer but bad by a resident who is forced to move away. This reliance on values creates interventional ambiguity: when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. Recognizing this ambiguity helps explain why some flood-prone areas see no engineered solutions despite apparent risk. In conclusion, it is argued that floods cannot be defined on the basis of physics alone. Value judgments — assessments of how things ought to be — are inescapable. The framework aims to make these hidden choices explicit, fostering clearer communication and better decisions. 17．Why is the IPCC’s definition unsatisfactory? A．It only covers overflowing water. B．It uses wrong rarity measuring ways. C．It fails to explain different water cases. D．It ignores subjective factors in standards. 18．What is TRUE about the two-tier framework? A．Anthropocentric floods are more objective. B．Physical floods involve no human judgment. C．The rarity threshold is set by personal values. D．A flood must be rare to be judged good or bad. 19．The underlined term “interventional ambiguity” most likely refers to __________. A．hesitation to act due to value conflicts B．confusion over which areas are at risk C．disagreement between farmers and residents D．difficulty in deciding how rare a flood must be 20．Which is the best title for the passage? A．What Defines a Flood B．Why “Normal” Is Hard to Define C．Why Flood Definitions Cause Troubles D．How Physical Science Explains Floods Passage 6 （2025-2026学年四川自贡市蜀光中学下学期模拟考英语试卷） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Many young people entering university to study literature have not read extensively (广泛地), and they often have difficulty doing so during their time at university. This is a growing trend that many academics have observed, although it isn’t always the case. Bate told the BBC’s Today programme, “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the reduced attention due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and instant TikTok hits.” “Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses (教学大纲) and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” State-funded charter (特许) schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. Bate explained that his son was exposed to an extensive variety of works. “My teenager has just graduated from a charter high school called Great Hearts and there they read Iliad, Odyssey, Inferno, Crime and Punishment. He came home one day saying that they had been praised for studying Hegel because it’s really difficult. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope.” “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The deep, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health. It’s also good for developing skills, for concentration and critical thinking, and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and individuals.” 21．How does the author present the topic? A．By stating a worrying change. B．By citing a research finding. C．By explaining a cultural concept. D．By describing a typical professor. 22．Which of the following does Bate think is a reason for the trend? A．Overuse of smartphones. B．Limited access to literary works. C．Insufficient school education. D．Poor learning ability at university. 23．What does Bate imply by referring to his son? A．Classical education is not a lost cause. B．The young are no strangers to classics. C．Charter schools deserve more attention. D．Great books are within teenagers’ reach. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Literary Taste Gives Way to Screens B．Deep Reading Benefits Mental Health C．Literature Students Face a Reading Crisis D．Traditional Education Makes a Comeback 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司22 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 考向一 新闻报道类 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A 考向二 议论文类 28．C 29．A 30．B 31. A 【新闻报道类】 Passage1 24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 【议论文类】 Passage 1 28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C Passage 2 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．B Passage 3 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．C 【新闻报道类】 Passage1 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A Passage2 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B Passage3 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B Passage4 13．B 14．D 15．C 16．B Passage5 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B Passage6 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．B 【议论文类】 Passage1 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage2 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A Passage3 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B Passage4 13．A 14．A 15．B 16．B Passage5 17．D 18．D 19．A 20．A Passage6 21．A 22．C 23．A 24．C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+议论文） 内容导览 考情概览：摸清命题规律，锁定复习重点 2026真题研析：拆解最新真题，示范分析路径 3年真题精练：精练近年真题，吃透常见考法 最新模拟探源：跟进模拟新题，预判考查风向 命题解读 考向 考查统计 一 特点： 新闻报道作为新闻类文章的灵魂，导语为我们提供了丰富的解题线索。我们不能错过任何一个细节，重点甄别who、what、when、where、why、how六要素，了解新闻的主要内容。 议论文抓论点、寻论据。阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。抓住了论题，我们就把握了中心。 二 高频考点： 议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。分为演绎论证议论文和归纳论证议论文。 考向一 新闻报道 （2026全国二卷D） （2024新课标II卷B） 考向二 议论文 （2025全国一卷 C） （2024北京卷C） （2024新课标I卷C） （2024全国甲卷D） 新闻报道类阅读理解题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。 1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。 2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。 3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题。 4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。 议论文类阅读理解是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章，主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理、辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。议论文都是由论点、论据和论证这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题—分析问题—解决问题的过程。 它的语言自然、客观、抽象、概括。 考向一 新闻报道类 （2026全国二卷 D） The Barcelona subway pulls into the station, the doors slide open and passengers pour out to go about their daily business. Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car. Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market. Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables (电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. Bernardo Espinoza, an engineer who takes the subway every day, owns an electric car. “I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. “And if it is from energy from the trains’ brakes, then even better.” Regenerative brakes have been in trains for decades and are also used in some cars. They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate (加速) the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers. Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. That, he said, boosts efficiency. 32．Why does Barcelona launch the MetroCharge project? A．To fuel the city’s economy. B．To enhance passengers’ experience. C．To promote green transportation. D．To raise the quality of electric cars. 33．What is Espinoza’s concern? A．How to cut his travel expenses. B．Where to get a parking space. C．How to avoid rush-hour traffic. D．Where to find a charging point. 34．What aspect of regenerative brakes is discussed in paragraph 5? A．Their operating conditions. B．Their conventional standard. C．Their potential risks. D．Their working mechanism. 35．What did Luna say about the system? A．It uses reclaimed energy creatively. B．It improves workers’ efficiency. C．It prioritizes the safety of trains. D．It generates jobs for the locals. 语篇解读 主旨概要 本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了巴塞罗那地铁系统推出的MetroCharge项目。该项目通过再生制动技术回收地铁列车刹车时产生的能量，优先供给列车与车站使用，剩余电能输送至地面，为私家电动汽车充电站供电，实现清洁能源的创新利用、提高能源利用率。 原文出处 本文来自美联社(AP)2024年12月18日，名为Barcelona subway recycles energy from braking into power to charge electric cars的文章。 百科知识 再生制动(Regenerative Brakes)的核心原理: 车辆制动时，牵引电动机切换为发电机模式。依靠车辆惯性带动电机转子转动，产生制动力矩，将原本会通过摩擦以热能形式耗散的动能转化为电能，实现能量回收、再利用。简单来说，列车刹车时，牵引电机反向运转充当发电机，把摩擦损耗的动能转化为可利用的电能。 语言知识 重难单词 slide v. 滑动，滑行 burst n. 迸发 charge v. 给.....充电 package n. 一套，一揽子 tackle v. 应对，处理 shift n. 转变，转换 whereby adv. 借此，凭此 power v. [名词动化]为......提供供动力，驱动 remainder n. 剩余部分 snake v. [名词动化]蜿蜒伸展 plug-in adj. 插电的，插入式的 working-class adj. 工人阶级的，工薪阶层的 regenerative adj. 再生(式)的 conventional adj. 传统的 innovative adj. 创新的 redirect v. 重新使用，重新调配 boost v. 提高，促进 efficiency n. 效率 launch v. 发起，推出 fuel v. [名词动化]刺激，促进 enhance v. 提升，增强 promote v. 促进，推动 concern n. 担心/关心的事 generate v. 产生，创造 aspect n. 方面 operate v. 运行，操作 mechanism n. 机制，原理 reclaimed adj. 回收的，再利用的 creatively adv. 创造性地 prioritize v. 优先考虑，优先处理 重难词块 pull into (列车等)进站 pour out 涌出 go about one's daily business处理日常事务 put together 整合，汇集 do one's part 尽自己的一份力 plug in 给(电器等)接通电源/充电 in the case of 就……而言 supply sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 in so far as 在......范范围，到......程度 allow for 使成为可能 be redirected to 被重新调配到 in this case 在这种情况下 长难句分析 Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains' brakes(刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves, while the remainder is sent snaking through cables(电缆) to the surface to power plug-in stations for privately owned vehicles. 分析：whereby引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词MetroCharge project；定语从句中包含由while引导的两个并列分句: snaking through cables为现在分词短语作方式状语，修饰谓语is sent。 翻译: 巴塞罗那地铁系统有16个车站参与了全新的MetroCharge项目，借助该项目，地铁列车刹车产生的能量会优先为列车和车站供电，剩余能量则顺着电缆蜿蜒输送到地面，为私家(电动)车的充电站供电。本句为主从复合句，主句为：Sixteen stations of Barcelona's subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project; 【答案】32．C 33．D 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了巴塞罗那推出的地铁能量回收项目，利用列车刹车余能为电车充电桩供电，实现绿色交通与能源高效利用。 32．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.(巴塞罗那整合了一整套清洁能源技术，助力公共交通走向绿色环保，同时为应对气候变化出力，并助力欧洲艰难转向私人电动汽车市场。)”可知，该项目目的是推广绿色交通。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I am pleasantly surprised, because I am always looking for where to plug it in,” Espinoza said before catching the subway in a working-class area of southern Barcelona. (埃斯皮诺萨在巴塞罗那南部一处工人街区搭乘地铁前说道：“我又惊喜又开心，我总在四处找地方给车充电。”)”可知，埃斯皮诺萨一直发愁找不到充电桩。 34．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes. That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.(它们由一个电动机构成，该电动机会收集刹车动作中产生的能量——这些能量在传统刹车系统中会以热量的形式散失掉。这些能量可以立即用于加速车辆，或者在巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况下，通过电缆输送，为车站或电动汽车充电桩供电。)”可知，本段介绍了再生刹车的工作原理。 35．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby. (电气工程教授阿尔瓦罗・卢纳表示，这套系统颇具创新性，原因在于它能将回收的电能重新调配，用于当地特定用途——本案例中就是为停在附近的电动汽车供电。)”可知，卢纳认为该系统创新性地利用了回收能源。 考向二 议论文类 （2025·全国一卷·C） While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 28. What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A Cars often get stuck on the road. B. Traffic accidents occur frequently. C People walk less and drive more. D. Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 29. What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A. Keep their cities livable. B. Promote cultural diversity. C. Help the needy families. D. Make expressways accessible. 30. What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A. They boosted the sales of cars. B. They turned out largely ineffective. C. They won government support. D. They advocated building new parks. 31. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Why the Rush? B. What’s Next? C. Where to Stay? D. Who to Blame? 语篇解读 关键词 pedestrian mobility, d rethink of our streets, road networks 主旨概要 本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼呼人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。 原文出处 选自Inside Story网站2023年1月21日名为Why the rush? 的文章 百科知识 简·雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs)是20世纪最具影响力的城市规划思想家之一。她提倡以人为本的城市设计，反对以汽车为中心的城市重建，主张保护社区的活力和街道的多样性。 语言知识 重难点词 decline n. 下降; bother v. 使担忧; destroy v. 摧毁; destruction n. 破坏; alarm n. 惊恐; champion v. 捍卫; decent adj. 宜居的; recognise v. 意识到 重难点词块 pack sb. into sth. 在(有限空间里)塞进(大量的人); take back 夺回; call for (公开)要求; make way for给让路; fight back 反击; lead a campaign 领导运动; call on sb. to do sth. 呼呼某人做某事; rush through 快速通过; account for 考虑到 合成词、派生词 improvement n. 改善; mobility n. 流动(性; transform v. 使改变; rethink n. 重新考虑; journalist n. 新闻记者; proposed adj . 提议的; replacement n. 取代; expressway n. 高速公路; widespread adj. 广泛的; majority n. 大多数; redesign v. 重新设计; ownership n. 所有权 长难句分析 In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, the call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 分析：本句主干是they call for a rethink； of our streets and the role they play in our lives是介词短语作后置定语修饰rethink，其中they play in our lives是省略that /which的定语从句，修饰role。 翻译:在他们的新书《出行之道: 如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，作者呼吁重新审视街道及其在我们生活中扮演的角色。 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．B 31. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼吁人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。 28.C 事实细节题 根据第一段中 declines in pedestrian mobility, especially among young children, too much traffic on the roads, they pack them into the car instead可知，街道上的车流量很大，步行的人数少了，家长因为担心孩子上学时的出行安全，只得选择开车接送孩子。所以本段描述的是人们放弃步行，选择开车的现象。 29.A事实细节题 第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步。接着引出了加拿大记者JaneJacobs对此现象的抗议。根据JaneJacobs 为 called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live,and not just rush through.”可知，她反对修建高速公路是为了让城市变得宜居，livable是a decent place to live 的同义替换。 30.B推理判断题 第三段最后一句指出，20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但根据 the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car, The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly, the highest rate of car ownership可知，西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多，由此可以推断城市规划仍以道路为中心，故这些抗议收效甚微。 31.A主旨大意题 首段引出当今的交通现象，行人少了，汽车多了，引出速度快但安全堪忧的汽车出行方式。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对“因修建道路而牺牲社区”的抗议活动及其结果城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心，追求快速的出行方式。最后一段呼应第一段做出总结，不能因为追求速度而放弃安全，应重新思考街道的意义。所以，文章整体在批判城市规划中过度追求快速的交通而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境，A项Why the Rush?以反问形式点明主旨。 【技巧点拨】 新闻报道类阅读理解 1.知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where, Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓导语便对新闻事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。 2.欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。 3. 探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。 议论文阅读理解 1.把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意 2. 把握作者的观点和态度 议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。 3. 结合论点、论据，找出正确选项 一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相反，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。 4. 通篇阅读，围绕主题（论点）推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案。 逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。 【新闻报道类】 Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·B）Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24．Why did BART start the kiosk program? A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use. C．To meet passengers’ needs. D．To reduce its running costs. 25．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A．By popularity. B．By length. C．By theme. D．By language. 26．What has Trost been doing recently? A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers. C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists. 27．What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline. C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase. 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。 24．推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。 26．细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的书报亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入书报亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。 27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。 【议论文类】 Passage 1 （2024·北京·C）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2024·全国甲卷·C）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there. 28．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie? A．To discuss a novel. B．To submit a book report. C．To argue for a writer. D．To ask for a reading list. 29．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie? A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B．Readers are often carried away by character. C．Each type of literature has its unique end. D．A story which begins well will end well. 30．What is expected of a good ending? A．It satisfies readers’ taste. B．It fits with the story development. C．It is usually positive. D．It is open for imagination. 31．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims? A．To give examples of great novelists. B．To stress the theme of this issue. C．To encourage writing for the magazine. D．To recommend their new books. 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。 29．推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。 31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2024新课标I卷D）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 32．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 33．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 34．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 35．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】32．D 33．A 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 32．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 33．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 34．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 【新闻报道类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖南长沙市开物中学考前模拟英语试题） In a quiet corner of Oxford University’s Bodleian Library, a robotic arm flips through a 15th-century manuscript, its high-resolution cameras capturing every faded ink stroke. This is ARCHiVE (Automated Robotic Cultural Heritage Inspection and Verification Engine), a £2.3 million project revolutionizing how fragile artifacts are preserved and studied. Combining robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced imaging, ARCHiVE represents a model shift in cultural conservation. Traditional conservation methods often risk damaging delicate materials. ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen. “It’s like having a doctor for ancient books,” explains Dr Emily Carter, lead conservator. Since its 2022 launch, ARCHiVE has scanned over 8,000 items, from Egyptian papyri to medieval maps, with 99.7% accuracy in damage assessment. Its non-invasive approach has reduced physical handling by 85%, significantly lowering the risk of accidental damage. The project’s digital twin technology creates exact virtual copies, allowing global access to restricted collections. During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours. “We’re not just saving objects,” says Carter, “but we’re preserving humanity’s collective memory.” This technology has also democratized access, with over 50,000 digital artifacts now available to researchers and the public worldwide. However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker, a traditionalist at Cambridge. Others worry about data ownership, as scanned artifacts become digital assets potentially controlled by tech corporations. A 2024 survey revealed that 62% of conservators fear losing control over digitized cultural heritage.    ARCHiVE’s next phase involves 4D scanning, capturing how materials change over time. Pilot tests on Viking ship timbers have already revealed previously unknown construction techniques. Meanwhile, UNESCO is developing global standards for digital heritage, ensuring these technological marvels serve humanity rather than corporate interests. As Carter reflects, “Our ancestors left us these treasures; our duty is to pass them forward — both physically and digitally.” 1．What is the main function of ARCHiVE’s robotic system? A．Repairing damaged artifacts. B．Creating virtual museum tours. C．Identifying and forecasting damage. D．Selling digital copies of artifacts. 2．How did ARCHiVE help during the Cairo Museum flood? A．By raising emergency funds online. B．By training local conservation staff. C．By physically moving artifacts to safety. D．By providing digital models for restoration. 3．What is Prof Whitaker’s main concern about ARCHiVE? A．Data ownership concerns. B．Loss of direct experience. C．High operating costs. D．Environmental impact. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．ARCHiVE: Digital Guardians of the Past B．ARCHiVE and the Traditional-Digital Balance C．ARCHiVE: The Battle for Heritage Preservation D．AI in ARCHiVE: Ethical Dilemmas and Their Resolutions 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了牛津大学研发的文物保护系统ARCHiVE，该系统结合机器人与人工智能技术保护珍贵文物、创建数字档案，极大推动了文物保护发展，同时也提及该技术引发的部分争议以及未来的发展规划。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ARCHiVE’s robotic system, equipped with micro-sensors and AI algorithms, can detect cracks invisible to the human eye and predict structural weaknesses before they worsen.(ARCHiVE机器人系统配备微型传感器和人工智能算法，能够检测出人眼无法看到的裂缝，并在结构隐患恶化前提前预判)”可知，该机器人系统的主要功能是识别并预判文物损伤。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the 2023 Cairo Museum flood, ARCHiVE’s digital models enabled researchers to virtually “restore” water-damaged artifacts within hours.(在2023年开罗博物馆洪水期间，ARCHiVE的数字模型使研究人员能够在数小时内几乎“恢复”水损坏的文物)”可知，该系统通过提供数字模型助力文物修复。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, some scholars argue that over-reliance on technology may distance researchers from hands-on experience. “You can’t smell history through a screen,” protests Prof James Whitaker.(然而，一些学者认为，过度依赖技术可能会使研究人员远离实践经验。詹姆斯·惠特克教授抗议道：“你无法通过屏幕闻到历史的味道。”)”可知，教授主要担忧人们会失去接触文物的直接体验。 4．主旨大意题。全文核心围绕ARCHiVE展开，重点介绍其利用数字科技保护、传承人类历史文物的强大作用，虽提及少量争议，但仅为次要内容。A项“ARCHiVE：过往文明的数字守护者”精准概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。 Passage 2 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测9英语试题） When a player on the other team makes a terrible mistake, most fans feel happy. But not every sports fan. In an NFL playoff game last season, the Baltimore Ravens were playing against the Buffalo Bills. With less than two minutes left, the Ravens scored a touchdown, making the score 27-25. If they could score another two points, they would tie the game. The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball. The Ravens lost, and their season was over. Most fans would have celebrated, but some Bills fans felt sympathy instead. They knew that Andrews has type 1 diabetes, a disease that requires constant care — he checks his blood sugar 30 times a day and uses an insulin (胰岛素) pump. Two young Bills fans, Ryan Patota and Nicholas Howard, decided to do something different. Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000. “We just want to spread love,” Patota said. “You hate the other team. You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.” Word spread quickly. Donations poured in from Bills fans, then Ravens fans, and even fans of other NFL teams. Soon they had raised more than $146,000 — far beyond their original goal. Two weeks after the game, Andrews shared his feelings online. “I’m absolutely upset by what happened,” he wrote. “But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D．’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.” What started as a painful mistake on the field turned into something beautiful — fans from rival teams coming together to support a cause greater than the game itself. 5．What happened to Andrew in an NFL playoff game last season? A．He scored a decisive touchdown. B．He got injured and left the field. C．He stumbled and missed a key pass. D．He passed the ball to his opponent. 6．Why did Patota and Howard start the fundraising? A．To raise money for diabetes research. B．To cover Andrews’ medical expenses. C．To celebrate their team’s playoff victory. D．To gain more followers on Instagram. 7．What can be inferred about Mark Andrews? A．He felt ashamed of his past performance. B．He was grateful for the support he received. C．He was disappointed with his teammates. D．He felt hopeful about his future career. 8．Which could be a suitable title for the text? A．A Game-Changing Mistake B．From Competition to Generosity C．Lessons from a Playoff Loss D．Living with Type 1 Diabetes 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 【导语】本文主要讲的是一场NFL季后赛中，比尔队球迷没有因对手乌鸦队球员因1型糖尿病发作而失误输球而幸灾乐祸，反而自发为糖尿病研究慈善机构发起筹款，最终将一场赛场上的对立转化为两队球迷联合行善的暖心故事。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Ravens quarterback threw the ball to tight end Mark Andrews near the goal line. But on the snowy field, Andrews slipped and dropped the ball.(乌鸦队的四分卫将球传给了近端锋Mark Andrews，后者在球门线附近接球。但在雪地场上，Andrews滑倒并丢掉了球。)”可知，上赛季在一场美国职业橄榄球联盟的季后赛中，Andrews失足摔倒，错过了关键传球。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000.(他们没有沉浸在球队获胜的喜悦中，而是为支持糖尿病研究的慈善机构“突破T1D”发起了一场募捐活动。他们的目标是筹集5000美元。)”可知，Patota和Howard发起筹款活动是为了筹集资金用于糖尿病研究。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““But despite the negativity, I’ve seen heartfelt love and encouragement, including from those who have donated to ‘Breakthrough T1D.’ Patota says he’s still a loyal Bills fan, but now, he adds, “We’re definitely going to have a soft spot for the Ravens.”(“但在这些负面情绪之外，我看到了发自内心的关爱与鼓励，包括那些为‘突破T1D’捐款的人们。”Patota表示自己仍是比尔队的忠实球迷，但他补充道：“我们现在肯定会为乌鸦队保留一份特别的好感。”)”可知，Mark Andrews感激所得到的支持。 8．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段“Instead of just enjoying their team’s win, they started a fundraising drive for Breakthrough T1D, a charity that supports diabetes research. Their goal was to raise $5,000.(他们没有沉浸在球队获胜的喜悦中，而是为支持糖尿病研究的慈善机构“突破T1D”发起了一场募捐活动。他们的目标是筹集5000美元。)”和倒数第二段“You want your team to win. But we want to bring both fan bases together and say this is more than a game.(你们想让自己的球队赢。但我们想把两队的球迷聚在一起，告诉大家这不仅仅是一场比赛。)”可推知，本文主要讲的是一场NFL季后赛中，比尔队球迷没有因对手乌鸦队球员因1型糖尿病发作而失误输球而幸灾乐祸，反而自发为糖尿病研究慈善机构发起筹款，最终将一场赛场上的对立转化为两队球迷联合行善的暖心故事，重在表达体育超越胜负、传递善意，B项“From Competition to Generosity(从竞争到慷慨)”契合主旨。 Passage 3 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测英语试题2） Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump (垃圾场) caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection to ultimately improve their own health and that of their neighbors. Vihaan struggled with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. He knew his symptoms would not likely improve until his local community improved its waste management solutions. In 2018, at ages 14 and 11, respectively, the brothers created a home recycling program called One Step Greener that managed recycling for 15 households within their community. Their goal: prevent toxic chemical waste from seeping (渗透) into the environment and creating dangerous health conditions for residents. At first, the boys felt empowered by taking the action of separating waste into distinct categories. When local officials then informed them that the local garbage collection crew would not pick up their separated bags, they felt momentarily defeated, but persisted in their efforts. The boys then created a neighborhood coalition to create a unified recycling program, which 15 households took part in. Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. “The main issue in waste management is that everybody thinks it’s not their job, or if the waste is out of their house, it’s out of their mind,” Vihaan said. Vihaan and Nav’s program grew from managing 15 households to 3,000 throughout 14 Indian cities. The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. The separated waste is then delivered to warehouses where it is further divided to ensure proper recycling. Newspapers are separated from A4 printing paper, PET plastic from polypropylene, and computer screens from keyboards. One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.” “It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan. 9．What inspired Vihaan and Nav to start One Step Greener? A．The locals’ waste collection failure. B．A project on waste management. C．A landfill collapse near their home. D．The city’s campaign for recycling. 10．What was local authorities’ attitude to the program after the neighborhood’s participation? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Dismissive. D．Approving. 11．What did One Step Greener do for the participating households? A．It picked up dry waste for free. B．It educated them online about recycling. C．It delivered newspapers to them. D．It paid them for their recyclable materials. 12．What does Vihaan and Nav’s program show? A．Better late than never. B．Teamwork makes the dream work. C．Knowledge is power. D．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了印度兄弟创立环保项目改善垃圾回收。 【详解】9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Near Vihaan and Nav Agarwal’s home, a big garbage dump caved in, releasing poisonous chemicals into the surrounding streets, which caused a fire to erupt. (在维汉和纳夫·阿加瓦尔家附近，一个大垃圾场塌陷了，有毒化学物质泄漏到周围的街道上，引发了一场大火)”和第二段中“Following this event, Vihaan and Nav decided to take action to improve their city’s waste collection(在这一事件之后，维汉和纳夫决定采取行动改善他们城市的废物收集)”可知，激发他们创立项目的原因是家附近的垃圾填埋场坍塌事故。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Local authorities adjusted their stance, and the recycling program spread throughout the community with a growing number of households starting to participate. (当地当局调整了立场，随着越来越多的家庭开始参与，这个回收项目在整个社区推广开来)”可知，在社区参与后，当局调整了立场并支持项目的推广，态度是赞成的。 11．细节理解题。根据第七段中“The program offers families involved free door-to-door dry waste pickups. (该项目为参与的家庭提供免费的干垃圾上门回收服务)”可知，项目为参与的家庭免费回收干垃圾。 12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“One Step Greener’s goal reads, “One Step Greener’s mission is to transform environmental action into everyday practice by mobilizing youth, building green communities, and designing scalable solutions in waste management, afforestation, and education — starting at the grassroots, and growing toward systems change.”(“一步变绿”的目标宣言写道：“‘一步变绿’的使命是通过动员青年、建设绿色社区以及在废物管理、植树造林和教育领域设计可扩展的解决方案，将环保行动转化为日常实践——从基层做起，逐步推动系统变革。”)”以及最后一段““It’s an old saying, but collective effort does actually make a difference,” said Vihaan.(维汉表示：“这是一句老话，但集体的努力确实能带来改变。”)”可知，这个项目展示了团队协作的力量。 Passage 4 （2025-2026学年山西现代双语学校南校等校下学期6月阶段检测英语试题） When a Chinese motorcycle brand achieved a double victory in the World Supersport (WorldSSP) Championship in Portugal, it marked more than just a racing success. Behind the achievement stood Zhang Xue, whose journey from hardship to innovation reflects determination, courage and long-term vision. Zhang grew up in a poor family, living in a damaged house with a leaking roof after his parents separated. At 14, his life changed when he first saw a motorcycle. Fascinated by the machine, he left school and became an apprentice in a repair shop. Instead of textbooks, his days were filled with tools, oil and long hours of practice, during which he gradually built both skills and confidence. These early experiences laid a solid foundation for his later career. A turning point came in 2006 when he contacted a local TV station to show his motorcycle stunts (特技). After repeated failures, the crew decided to leave. Unwilling to give up, Zhang rode more than 100 kilometers in the rain to find them again. Moved by his determination, they gave him another chance, which helped him begin a professional racing career and gain wider recognition. This experience also strengthened his belief in persistence. Years later, Zhang showed the same courage in business. In 2013, he moved to Chongqing with limited savings and started selling modified motorcycles online. In 2017, he co-founded a company that quickly expanded and became the first Chinese team to complete the Dakar Rally. In 2024, he founded ZX Moto to compete with established international brands, aiming to bring Chinese technology onto the global stage and win global recognition. For Zhang, racing victories are not just personal achievements. They represent growing confidence in China’s ability to compete in high-performance industries and show how persistence and long-term effort can lead to meaningful success. 13．What did Zhang gain from his early experience in the repair shop? A．Guidance from experienced workers. B．The foundation for his future career. C．A strong interest in racing competitions. D．Opportunities to join professional teams. 14．What marked a turning point in Zhang’s life? A．His commitment to motorcycle repair. B．His attempts to demonstrate riding skills. C．His effort to impress motorcycle fans. D．His initiative to seek a broader platform. 15．Which of the following best describes Zhang’s character? A．Creative and fun-loving. B．Generous and easy-going. C．Strong-willed and persistent. D．Careful and risk-avoiding. 16．What can be inferred from Zhang’s story? A．How young racers steadily improve their riding skills. B．How personal effort contributes to industrial progress. C．Why technical innovation is necessary for a new brand. D．Why international motorcycle racing competitions matter. 【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．B 【导语】本文讲述了中国摩托车品牌赛车手张雪从贫困少年到创立ZX Moto、征战世界锦标赛的奋斗历程。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第二段“These early experiences laid a solid foundation for his later career.(这些早年经历为他日后的事业打下坚实基础。)”可知，张雪在维修店的早年经历收获了未来事业的根基。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“A turning point came in 2006 when he contacted a local TV station to show his motorcycle stunts (特技).( 2006 年迎来了一个转折点，那年他联系了当地一家电视台，想要展示自己的摩托车特技。)”可知，主动争取更大发展平台成为张雪人生的转折点。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Unwilling to give up, Zhang rode more than 100 kilometers in the rain to find them again. Moved by his determination, they gave him another chance, which helped him begin a professional racing career and gain wider recognition. This experience also strengthened his belief in persistence.(张雪不愿就此放弃，冒雨骑行一百多公里再次去找对方。他的执着打动了节目组，对方给了他第二次机会。借此契机，他开启职业赛车生涯，收获了更多认可。这段经历也让他更加坚信坚持的意义。)”可知，张雪面对困境不放弃、坚持追求目标，创业过程中勇于突破、持之以恒，充分体现出意志坚定、坚持不懈的性格特点。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They represent growing confidence in China’s ability to compete in high-performance industries and show how persistence and long-term effort can lead to meaningful success.(这些事例体现出人们愈发看好中国在高端产业领域的竞争实力，也印证了持之以恒、久久为功终将收获不凡成就。)”和全文内容可知，他的经历充分体现了个人努力如何助力行业进步。 Passage 5 （2026届四川省彭州中学高三下学期第一次高考模拟考试英语试卷） From a single teaching building on the banks of Dushu Lake to a global institution with nearly 50,000 alumni across the world, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) has written a remarkable chapter of educational innovation in just twenty years. On May 22, 2026, XJTLU held its 20th-anniversary High-Quality Development Conference in Suzhou, marking two decades since its founding as one of China’s earliest independent-legal-person Sino-foreign cooperative universities. The celebration was not merely a look back but a bold step forward. Professor Youmin Xi, Executive President of XJTLU, unveiled the university’s 2026-2036 decennial strategy, announcing the launch of its “4.0 model” exploration — a forward-looking initiative designed to break down the boundaries between university and society, education and daily life, and learning and work. From Humble Beginnings to Global Recognition The numbers tell a compelling story of growth. When XJTLU first opened its doors in 2006, it welcomed just 164 students. Today, that number has surged to nearly 26,000, and the university has earned a reputation as a “beacon” and “benchmark” for Sino-foreign cooperative education in China. Professor Tim Jones, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool, praised the partnership as one of the world’s most successful transnational education ventures. The anniversary celebrations culminated in a “Light Up the World” global campaign, connecting the university’s four home cities: Suzhou and Xi’an in China, Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and New York in the United States. Iconic landmarks — including Suzhou’s Gate to the East, Liverpool’s Royal Liver Building, and New York’s Times Square — were illuminated in XJTLU’s signature colors, symbolizing the university’s growing global influence. Over 70,000 people from more than 70 countries and 300 cities participated online, making the celebration a truly worldwide event. A Culture Rooted in Innovation The official release of the university song, “Onward We Go” (Chinese title: 步履不停), captured the spirit of the occasion. Co-created by nearly 200 students, faculty, and alumni, the song tells the story of scholars from around the world gathering in Suzhou to explore the future of education—and to provide “the XJTLU solution” to the world. As Professor Xi noted in his address, “The core of education lies in building an ecosystem of growth centered on the holistic development of each individual.”  He emphasized that XJTLU’s mission is not merely to produce job-seekers but to cultivate problem-solvers and change-makers capable of leading in an uncertain world. Since its founding, XJTLU has evolved its educational models from 1.0 (professional-elite education) to 2.0 (syntegrative education with industry integration) to 3.0 (an industry innovation ecosystem). Now, as the university sets its sights on the next two decades, its 4.0 model promises to push even further — reimagining what a university can be and directly participating in the creation of a future-oriented, innovative social ecosystem. 17．What can be inferred from the growth of XJTLU as described in the passage? A．The university's student population has increased more than 150 times since its founding. B．The number of students decreased due to the shift to the 4.0 model. C．The university started with almost 26,000 students in 2006. D．Student growth has been slow because of strict admission policies. 18．What does the author imply by describing the “Light Up the World” campaign in detail? A．The campaign was only an online activity without any real-world events. B．The celebration reflected XJTLU’s limited global connections. C．The campaign symbolized XJTLU’s global reach and community spirit. D．The illumination of landmarks was a purely commercial event. 19．According to Professor Youmin Xi, what is the primary goal of XJTLU’s education? A．To help students find high-paying jobs after graduation. B．To focus solely on academic research and publications. C．To create an ecosystem that supports holistic individual growth. D．To expand the university’s campus facilities and student housing. 20．What does the development from “1.0 to 4.0 models” suggest about XJTLU’s approach to education? A．It has remained unchanged since 2006 to maintain stability. B．It has continuously evolved to break traditional university boundaries. C．It has shifted its focus entirely away from professional skills. D．It only values theoretical knowledge over practical application. 【答案】17．A 18．C 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文简要介绍西交利物浦大学建校二十年来的发展壮大历程、全球影响力、创新育人理念以及持续迭代升级的教育发展模式。 【详解】17．推理判断题。根据第三段“The numbers tell a compelling story of growth. When XJTLU first opened its doors in 2006, it welcomed just 164 students. Today, that number has surged to nearly 26,000, and the university has earned a reputation as a “beacon” and “benchmark” for Sino-foreign cooperative education in China.(数据展现了学校的巨大发展。2006年建校之初，西交利物浦大学仅有164名学生，如今在校生数量已接近26000名，被誉为中国中外合作办学的“灯塔”和“标杆”)”可知，该校学生数量自建校以来增长超150倍。 18．推理判断题。根据第四段“The anniversary celebrations culminated in a “Light Up the World” global campaign, connecting the university’s four home cities: Suzhou and Xi’an in China, Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and New York in the United States. Iconic landmarks — including Suzhou’s Gate to the East, Liverpool’s Royal Liver Building, and New York’s Times Square — were illuminated in XJTLU’s signature colors, symbolizing the university’s growing global influence.(周年庆典以一场“点亮世界”全球行动圆满落幕，活动将大学的四个主要城市——中国苏州和西安、英国利物浦以及美国纽约——紧密连接起来。苏州东方之门、利物浦皇家利弗大厦和纽约时代广场等标志性地标被点亮为西交利物浦大学标志性的色彩，象征着该校日益增长的全球影响力)”可知，该活动体现了学校的全球影响力与社群凝聚力。 19．细节理解题。根据第六段“As Professor Xi noted in his address, “The core of education lies in building an ecosystem of growth centered on the holistic development of each individual.”(席酉民教授在演讲中指出，“教育的核心在于建立一个以每个人的全面发展为中心的成长生态系统。”)”可知，该校教育的首要目标是打造助力个人全面发展的成长体系。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since its founding, XJTLU has evolved its educational models from 1.0 (professional-elite education) to 2.0 (syntegrative education with industry integration) to 3.0 (an industry innovation ecosystem). Now, as the university sets its sights on the next two decades, its 4.0 model promises to push even further — reimagining what a university can be and directly participating in the creation of a future-oriented, innovative social ecosystem.(自成立以来，西交利物浦大学已将其教育模式从1.0（专业精英教育）逐步发展到2.0（与产业融合的综合教育），再到3.0（产业创新生态系统）。如今，随着学校展望未来二十年的发展蓝图，其4.0模式将更进一步，重新定义大学的内涵，并直接参与构建一个面向未来的、富有创新性的社会生态系统)”可知，该校教育模式持续革新，不断打破传统高校边界。 Passage 6 （2026年四川省绵竹中学6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. The device, known as the NEO system, was developed by Shanghai-based company Neuracle Medical Technology. On March 13, China’s National Medical Products Administration granted it a Class III medical device certificate — the country’s highest regulatory classification—allowing it to enter clinical use. Zeng Yuhang, an engineer at Neuracle, told Shanghai-based outlet The Paper that the implanted sensors are about the size of a coin. The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术) approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality. The system is also battery-free. A magnetic coil powers the implant wirelessly, eliminating the need for patients to remove the device for charging. After implantation, patients may be able to operate the system independently at home about one month after surgery. One participant in the trial, identified only by the surname Dong, joined the study in October2024. After more than a year of rehabilitation (复原) training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down. Two days after the NEO system received clearance, Shanghai announced three BCI research centers at the Shanghai International Forum on Lansheng Brain Science and BCI. Two of them led by Shanghai Lansheng Brain Medical Research Co., Ltd., will focus on innovative research and AI integration. And the third led by Tongji University Affiliated Tianyou Hospital will work on targeted neuromodulation (神经调节) therapy. Mao Ying, president of Huashan Hospital — which has conducted the largest number of clinical trial cases—said future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again by targeting recovery in the lower limbs. However, he cautioned that BCI technology remains in its early stages. “We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.” 21．What makes the NEO system special? A．Complete cure for brains. B．Frequent battery changes. C．Direct control of human brain. D．First commercial invasive BCI. 22．What can we learn about the epidural implantation? A．It causes serious brain damage. B．It is for minor injury patients only. C．It maintains signal quality while keeping the risk low. D．It costs more than traditional surgeries. 23．Why is Dong’s example mentioned? A．To present BCI’s commercial use. B．To explain implantation procedures. C．To show writing without brain signals. D．To prove NEO system’s effectiveness. 24．What’s the author’s attitude towards BCI technology? A．Negative. B．Objective. C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．D 24．B 【导语】文章介绍了中国批准了全球首个商业用侵入式脑机接口设备NEO系统，并阐述了其技术特点、临床试验效果以及未来发展方向。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Days after Chinese regulators approved what officials describe as the world’s first invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) device cleared for commercial use in patients, Shanghai announced three new research centers aimed at accelerating the technology’s development. (在中国监管机构批准了官员所称的全球首个获准用于患者的商业用侵入式脑机接口设备几天后，上海宣布了三个新的研究中心，旨在加速该技术的发展。)”可知，NEO系统的特别之处在于它是首个商业用侵入式脑机接口设备。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“The device uses an epidural implantation (硬膜外植入术)approach that sits above the brain’s protective layer, reducing potential damage to brain tissue while maintaining signal quality.(该设备采用硬膜外植入方式，位于大脑保护层上方，在保持信号质量的同时减少对脑组织的潜在损伤。)”可知，硬膜外植入能够在保持信号质量的同时降低风险。 23．推理判断题。根据第三段“After more than a year of rehabilitation training, he was able to write simple phrases such as “thank you” and his own name without assistance from the brain-computer interface. With the help of the device, Dong was also able to perform tasks he had been unable to do for four years, including lifting a cup, drinking water, and putting the cup back down.(经过一年多的康复训练，他能够在没有脑机接口的帮助下写出简单的短语，比如“谢谢”和自己的名字。在该设备的帮助下，董先生还能够完成他四年来无法完成的任务，包括举起杯子，喝水，然后把杯子放回去。)”可知，通过董先生的具体康复效果，作者旨在证明NEO系统的有效性。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“future versions of the technology could eventually help paralyzed patients walk again(该技术的未来版本最终可以帮助瘫痪患者再次行走)”和““We hope the public understands that current BCI technology cannot instantly resolve symptoms,” Mao said. “These technologies cannot be used immediately after implantation and require extensive training and rehabilitation.”(“我们希望公众明白，目前的脑机接口技术不能立即解决症状，”毛院长说。“这些技术不能在植入后立即使用，需要大量的训练和康复。”)”可知，作者客观陈述了技术的积极发展前景和局限，没有表达个人偏向，因此态度是客观的。 【议论文类】 Passage 1 （2026届湖北十堰市郧阳中学高三最后一次模拟考试英语试题） In the digital age, the art of writing by hand has slowly been reduced to mere entertainment. However, recent research suggests that this physical act is crucial to brain health and development, offering multiple cognitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we reconsidered the potential benefits it may bring to our mental capacities. According to numerous studies, writing by hand stimulates more complex and diverse brain connections that are essential for encoding new information and forming memories. A recent investigation, for instance, found that brain connectivity patterns were far more complicated and widespread for participants who wrote by hand than for those who typed. Therefore, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact on brain health. Handwriting is not only good for our brain health — it also has clear, practical advantages. Research has shown that students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes, demonstrating improved learning. This finding extends beyond the classroom as well. People who recorded information on paper calendars displayed more brain activity and recalled information faster than those who used smartphones. The act of handwriting, consequently, could be a valuable tool for students preparing for exams and adults managing daily tasks. Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been in decline. However, 25 states in the US have reintroduced it into school curricula. This represents a step in the right direction, as previous research has also indicated that handwriting is essential for children’s brain development. For example, illiterate children who wrote by hand showed brain activity in the circuit used for learning to read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cognitive development. Clearly, handwriting is a valuable activity with the potential to enhance our brain health, learning, memory, and problem-solving skills. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is important not to overlook the value of this seemingly simple activity. So, the next time you reach for your keyboard,remember the benefits of picking up a pen instead. 1．What is the common view of handwriting in today’s digital era? A．It is no longer as popular as it used to be. B．It should be taught together with typing. C．It is now valued equally with digital tools. D．It remains an essential skill for daily life. 2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on regarding handwriting? A．Its role in improving brain connectivity. B．Its advantages in learning and memory tasks. C．Its effect on helping students score higher. D．Its value in adult daily management skills. 3．Why is previous research mentioned in Paragraph 4? A．To add further evidence. B．To make a comparison. C．To show different opinions. D．To present a professional viewpoint. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To compare handwriting with typing. B．To promote handwriting as an art form. C．To introduce a new digital writing tool. D．To emphasize handwriting’s cognitive value. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要讲述在数字时代手写逐渐沦为消遣，多项研究证明手写能促进大脑神经连接、提升学习与记忆能力，对儿童大脑发育至关重要，呼吁人们不要忽视手写对认知发展的重要价值。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“In the digital age, the art of writing by hand has slowly been reduced to mere entertainment.(在数字时代，手写这门技艺已经慢慢沦为单纯的消遣。)”可知，当下大众普遍认为手写早已不如从前流行。 2．主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“Handwriting is not only good for our brain health — it also has clear, practical advantages. Research has shown that students who take handwritten notes score significantly higher on quizzes, demonstrating improved learning. This finding extends beyond the classroom as well. People who recorded information on paper calendars displayed more brain activity and recalled information faster than those who used smartphones.(手写不仅有益大脑健康，还有显著的实用优势。研究显示手写记笔记的学生测验分数更高，学习效果更好。这一结论也适用于课堂之外：用纸历记录信息的人大脑活跃度更高，信息提取速度快于使用手机的人。)”可知，本段主要介绍手写在学习、记忆类事务中的各类优势。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“However, 25 states in the US have reintroduced it into school curricula. This represents a step in the right direction, as previous research has also indicated that handwriting is essential for children’s brain development.(美国25个州重新将手写纳入校园课程，这是正确的举措，此前的研究也表明手写对儿童大脑发育不可或缺。)”可知，文中提及过往研究是为了给“推广手写课程”补充更多佐证依据。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“However, recent research suggests that this physical act is crucial to brain health and development, offering multiple cognitive benefits.(然而近期研究表明，手写这一行为对大脑健康与发育至关重要，具备多重认知益处。)”以及全文围绕手写对大脑、学习、记忆等认知层面的好处展开论述可知，文章写作目的是强调手写具备的认知价值。 Passage 2 （2026年四川省绵竹中学 6月高考适应性考试练习英语试题） In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self. The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections. Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions. To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are. 5．What is the primary function of algorithms? A．To predict future preferences. B．To provide digital security. C．To record users’ past behavior. D．To encourage creative thinking. 6．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．The history of online behavior. B．The restriction of repetitive cycles. C．The benefits of personalized data. D．The importance of cultural diversity. 7．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A skill for future life. B．A result of excessive data. C．A way to save time. D．A loss of independence. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives. B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System. C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes. D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms. 【答案】5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己的数字生活。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next.(我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的新闻，精巧的软件不断预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。)”可知，算法的核心功能是通过分析用户数据预测其未来的偏好和需求，从而推送个性化内容。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections.(这种数字文化的根本问题在于其本质上具有向后看的倾向。算法通过分析你的过往行为——比如你点击、观看或点赞的内容——来推荐类似的东西。这形成了一种“重复循环”，强化了我们现有的偏好，而非挑战它们。如果我们只看到自己已经喜欢的事物，就失去了意外发现的机会。我们不再主动探索文化，而只是被动地接受来自自身反馈的信息。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了算法形成的 “重复循环”如何限制了用户的视野和体验。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds.(当一款应用告诉我们该去哪家餐厅，或该走哪条路线时，我们便不再动用自己的思维。)”以及“The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions.(曾经定义人类体验的个人意志——即有意识地做出选择的行为——正被被动接受建议所取代。)”结合划线短语中“This leads to a state of … where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data.( 这导致了……的状态，我们随数据提供的最便捷路径漂浮于生活之中。)”可知，上文提到我们便不再动用自己的思维，下文说人类体验的个人意志正被被动接受建议所取代，由此可知，划线部分“mental autopilot”指的是人们过度依赖算法做决定，不再独立思考，失去了自主判断和选择的能力，只能被动接受数据的建议，D选项A loss of independence“独立性的丧失”符合语境。 8．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self.(在数字时代，我们生活在一个由推荐引擎设计的世界里。从我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的新闻，精巧的软件不断预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。这种“算法系统”承诺通过消除做选择的麻烦，让我们的生活更加高效。理论上，它应通过提供我们真正喜欢的内容来提升我们的满意度。然而在现实中，它却制造出一种“便利陷阱”，逐渐削弱了我们的自我意识。)”可知，文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己的数字生活。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“掌控我们的数字生活”。 Passage 3 （2025-2026学年广东多校联考下学期学情调研英语试题） Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past? Urban historian Dolores Hayden describes cities as “palimpsests” — manuscripts written upon repeatedly, earlier versions never fully erased. In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. “When the buildings disappear,” Hayden writes, “so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.” Some argue that memory can survive through photographs and documents. In fact, there is a difference between knowing about a place and experiencing it. A photograph of an old church conveys its appearance; walking through its doors conveys something else entirely — the height of the ceiling, the echo of footsteps, the weight of silence. These are not details; they are the substance of embodied memory. Research in environmental psychology suggests that physical spaces maintain collective identity. When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before. None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are. 9．What is the function of paragraph 1? A．To criticize the over-commercialization of historic sites. B．To contrast historical significance with modern appeal. C．To present a phenomenon and introduce the topic. D．To explain why history is overlooked and underestimated. 10．What does the example of Los Angeles intend to illustrate? A．The cost of urban development. B．The role of economic ambitions. C．The preservation of tangible proof. D．The success of redevelopment projects. 11．What can be inferred about the communities losing landmarks? A．They cherish shared history. B．They maintain collective identity. C．They prioritize growth over memory. D．They face identity confusion. 12．What does the text convey? A．History outweighs art in value. B．Physical spaces hold irreplaceable memory. C．Cities face a growth-or-history choice. D．Photos preserve memory inadequately. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 【导语】文章借柏林墙等例子，指出城市开发易抹去历史痕迹，而实体空间承载着不可替代的集体记忆与身份认同，城市发展不应忽视历史留存。 【详解】9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Berlin’s East Side Gallery attracts millions of visitors each year. Tourists crowd before vibrant murals (壁画) painted after the Cold War, but few pause to consider what lies beneath the paint: an original section of the Berlin Wall. The art has become the attraction; the history it covers has faded into background. This pattern extends far beyond Berlin. Across the globe, old buildings fall for new developments. The logic seems unarguable: cities must grow, economies must expand. But what disappears when we erase (清除) the physical traces of our past?(柏林的东区画廊每年吸引数以百万计的游客。游客们在充满活力的冷战后绘制的壁画前熙熙攘攘，但很少有人停下来思考这些画作之下隐藏着什么：那是原版的柏林墙的一部分。艺术成为了这里的吸引点；而它所涵盖的历史则逐渐被置于背景之中。这种模式在柏林之外也普遍存在。在全球范围内，老旧建筑为了新的发展而被拆除。这种逻辑似乎无可辩驳：城市必须发展，经济必须扩张。但当我们抹去我们过去的物质痕迹时，又会失去什么呢？)”可知，第一段的作用是描述一种现象并引入主题。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段“In her study of Los Angeles, she documented how development projects repeatedly tore down communities inhabited by Mexican-American and African-American families, replacing them with freeways and squares. The new structures served economic ambitions, but they also erased material evidence that these communities ever existed. ‘When the buildings disappear,’ Hayden writes, ‘so does the tangible (有形的) proof that these people lived here, worked here, mattered here.’(在她对洛杉矶的调研中，她记录了开发项目如何一次又一次地拆除由墨西哥裔美国人和非裔美国人组成的社区，取而代之的是高速公路和广场。这些新的建筑是为了实现经济目标，但它们也抹去了这些社区曾经存在的物质证据。‘当建筑消失时，’海登写道，‘这些人的存在痕迹也随之消失，他们曾在这里生活、工作、有所作为这一点也荡然无存了。’)”可知，洛杉矶这个例子意在说明城市发展的成本。 11．推理判断题。根据第四段“When communities lose familiar landmarks, they lose reference points that connect individuals to shared history. The result can be spatial disorientation — not merely not knowing where you are, but not knowing who you are in relation to those who came before. (当社区失去了那些人们所熟悉的地标性建筑时，他们也就失去了能够将个体与共同历史联系起来的参照点。其结果可能是空间上的迷失方向——不仅是指不知道自己身处何地，还意味着不清楚自己与那些先辈们在何种关系中相联系。)”可知，那些失去标志性建筑的社区会面临身份认同的混乱。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“None of this argues against all development. Every generation inherits a city and passes one on. Some walls are meant to fall. Others are meant to stand — physical spaces ground memory in ways that images alone cannot, grounding us in a past that continues to shape who we are.(这一切都不能否定发展的重要性。每一代人都会继承一座城市，并将其传承下去。有些城墙注定要倒塌，而另一些则注定要屹立不倒——这些有形的空间以一种仅靠图像无法实现的方式，将记忆固定下来，使我们深深扎根于过去，而过去也持续塑造着我们的身份。)”可知，文章表达了物理空间承载着不可替代的记忆。 Passage 4 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测13英语试题） Who will take care of grandma and grandpa when no one is available? This question is becoming urgent as the population is aging rapidly and fewer children are being born. For many families, the answer might soon be a robot. This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring someone to help with aging loved ones is prohibitively expensive — upwards of $75,000 a year for a home health aide and well over $100,000 for a nursing home. In comparison, one estimate places the cost of a humanoid robot at just $20,000. Given this affordability, I believe that robots will assume the care of many elderly people. A robot could potentially be a one-time expense, requiring minimal maintenance and receiving updates through cloud computing technology. And it could function around the clock. I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated (脱水的) because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems. Reliable robotic companions could also accompany seniors outside the home for walks or to community events, enhancing rather than weakening their social connections. Furthermore, while actual human contact is preferable, it has real drawbacks. Human caregivers can lose their tempers, but robots are unlikely to have that problem. In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate (有同情心的) than those of humans — a surprising but telling result. A robot with AI-assisted voice technology could potentially understand emotion and intent, clarify instructions, and respond to commands in real time. But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her? As her faculties (机能) fail, will she feel more at ease with the robot than with her family? 13．What is a robot’s main practical advantage in elder care? A．Its lower long-term cost. B．Its guarantee of total safety. C．Its ability to show friendship. D．Its simple setup and operation. 14．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Ease. B．Cause. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 15．What does the author imply by citing the AI study in paragraph 4? A．The urgent need to replace human care. B．The potential of AI in showing empathy. C．The general weakness of human caregivers. D．The importance of human emotional interaction. 16．How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A．Angry and intolerant. B．Reflective and concerned. C．Indifferent and dismissive. D．Sympathetic and confused. 【答案】13．A 14．A 15．B 16．B 【导语】文章讲述人口老龄化催生养老机器人需求，介绍其成本、服务优势，也反思了其可能带来的社会问题。 【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第二段“This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring someone to help with aging loved ones is prohibitively expensive — upwards of $75,000 a year for a home health aide and well over $100,000 for a nursing home. In comparison, one estimate places the cost of a humanoid robot at just $20,000.(这听起来或许像科幻故事，但背后的原因很实际，主要是经济原因。雇佣人员照顾年迈亲人的费用高得令人望而却步——一名居家护工年薪高达7.5万美元，养老院费用更是远超10万美元。相比之下，据一项估算，人形机器人的成本仅为2万美元)”以及第三段“A robot could potentially be a one-time expense, requiring minimal maintenance and receiving updates through cloud computing technology.(机器人可能只需一次性投入，维护成本极低，还可通过云计算技术更新系统)”可知，养老机器人最实际的优势是长期使用成本更低。 14．词句猜测题。根据第三段“I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems.(我曾接诊过一些老年患者，他们因护理疏漏流落街头或严重脱水。续航提升、可自主充电的不知疲倦的机器人能够mitigate这类问题)”可知，机器人可以减少、改善护理疏漏引发的问题，由此猜测mitigate意为“减轻、缓解”，与ease同义。 15．推理判断题。根据第四段“In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate than those of humans — a surprising but telling result.(在近期一项研究中，观察者发现人工智能给出的回应比人类更体贴、更富有同情心，这一结果出人意料却很有说服力)”可知，作者引用该研究，意在说明人工智能在共情表达方面具备潜在优势。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her? As her faculties fail, will she feel more at ease with the robot than with her family?(但这会让我们身处何种境地？如果我知道奶奶有机器人照料，疲惫下班后我是否会选择不再登门探望？邻居们是否会不再照看她？当她身体机能衰退时，她是否会比起家人，更愿意信赖机器人？)”可知，作者连用多个问句，反思机器人养老带来的人际疏离问题，态度审慎且充满担忧。 Passage 5 （2026届浙江宁波市镇海中学高三模拟预测10英语试题） While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. A widely cited definition is provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which characterizes a flood as “the overflowing of normal confines of a stream or water body”. However, this definition is problematic. Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold (稀有度阈值). For instance, a knee-deep pool in a wetland might be normal, but the same water in a street could be called a flood. To address this problem, a two-tier framework is proposed. At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. A flood that enriches soil may be seen as good by a farmer but bad by a resident who is forced to move away. This reliance on values creates interventional ambiguity: when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. Recognizing this ambiguity helps explain why some flood-prone areas see no engineered solutions despite apparent risk. In conclusion, it is argued that floods cannot be defined on the basis of physics alone. Value judgments — assessments of how things ought to be — are inescapable. The framework aims to make these hidden choices explicit, fostering clearer communication and better decisions. 17．Why is the IPCC’s definition unsatisfactory? A．It only covers overflowing water. B．It uses wrong rarity measuring ways. C．It fails to explain different water cases. D．It ignores subjective factors in standards. 18．What is TRUE about the two-tier framework? A．Anthropocentric floods are more objective. B．Physical floods involve no human judgment. C．The rarity threshold is set by personal values. D．A flood must be rare to be judged good or bad. 19．The underlined term “interventional ambiguity” most likely refers to __________. A．hesitation to act due to value conflicts B．confusion over which areas are at risk C．disagreement between farmers and residents D．difficulty in deciding how rare a flood must be 20．Which is the best title for the passage? A．What Defines a Flood B．Why “Normal” Is Hard to Define C．Why Flood Definitions Cause Troubles D．How Physical Science Explains Floods 【答案】17．D 18．D 19．A 20．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了洪水无法仅凭物理定义，需结合价值判断，并提出两层框架加以解释。 【详解】17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Specifically, it presupposes a clear understanding of “normal”, yet what counts as normal depends on value-based choices: the timescale, location and rarity threshold (稀有度阈值). (具体来说，该定义预设了人们对“正常”有明确的理解，然而什么算作“正常”取决于基于价值的选择：即时间尺度、地理位置和稀有度阈值。)”及第三段中“Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. (即使这一步也已经涉及了人为判断，因为必须有人来决定什么样的程度才算是“够罕见”。)”可知，IPCC的定义之所以不令人满意，是因为它忽略了标准中的主观因素。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At the first level, physical floods are defined. These are pools or water fluxes beyond a rarity threshold that is set based on values (e.g., an event with a return period of one hundred years). Even this step already involves human judgment, because someone has to decide what counts as “rare enough”. At the second level, anthropocentric floods (human-centered floods) are defined. These are physical floods judged as desirable or undesirable based on personal or social values. (在第一层级，定义了物理性洪水。这类洪水是指超过基于价值观设定的稀有度阈值（例如，重现期为百年一遇的事件）的水体或水流。即使这一步也已经涉及了人为判断，因为必须有人来决定什么样的程度才算是“够罕见”。在第二层级，定义了以人类为中心的洪水。这类洪水是指基于个人或社会价值观被判定为合意或不合意的物理性洪水。)”可知，一次洪水必须够罕见才能被评判好坏。 19．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“when values conflict, it becomes unclear whether to intervene. For example, protecting human life suggests action, while economic concerns may delay it. (当价值观发生冲突时，是否要进行干预就变得不明确了。例如，保护人命意味着应采取行动，而经济方面的顾虑则可能会拖延行动。)”可知，冒号之后是对画线短语的完整解释，价值观出现分歧时，人们无法确定要不要采取防洪干预行动，就会出现行动上的犹豫，由此可知，interventional ambiguity指因价值冲突而对是否行动产生犹豫。 20．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“While the term “flood” commonly brings to mind images of rushing water or overflowing riverbanks, providing a formal definition of the phenomenon proves surprisingly challenging. (尽管“洪水”一词通常让人联想到奔涌的流水或漫溢的河岸这类景象，但要为这一现象提供一个正式的定义却出人意料地具有挑战性。)”可知，全文围绕洪水的定义展开：先指出IPCC定义的不足，再提出两层框架，最后强调物理定义不够，价值判断不可避免。A项“What Defines a Flood (什么定义了洪水)”最能概括文章内容，是文章的最佳标题。 Passage 6 （2025-2026学年四川自贡市蜀光中学下学期模拟考英语试卷） Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. Many young people entering university to study literature have not read extensively (广泛地), and they often have difficulty doing so during their time at university. This is a growing trend that many academics have observed, although it isn’t always the case. Bate told the BBC’s Today programme, “The currently fashionable answer is that it’s to do with the reduced attention due to smartphones, six-minute YouTube videos and instant TikTok hits.” “Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses (教学大纲) and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” State-funded charter (特许) schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. Bate explained that his son was exposed to an extensive variety of works. “My teenager has just graduated from a charter high school called Great Hearts and there they read Iliad, Odyssey, Inferno, Crime and Punishment. He came home one day saying that they had been praised for studying Hegel because it’s really difficult. I’m amazed that 17-year-old American kids are reading Hegel. So there is some hope.” “If you haven’t got readers, what are writers going to do? The deep, thoughtful, quiet reading of great books is good for mental health. It’s also good for developing skills, for concentration and critical thinking, and if that falls away, that is problematic for society and individuals.” 21．How does the author present the topic? A．By stating a worrying change. B．By citing a research finding. C．By explaining a cultural concept. D．By describing a typical professor. 22．Which of the following does Bate think is a reason for the trend? A．Overuse of smartphones. B．Limited access to literary works. C．Insufficient school education. D．Poor learning ability at university. 23．What does Bate imply by referring to his son? A．Classical education is not a lost cause. B．The young are no strangers to classics. C．Charter schools deserve more attention. D．Great books are within teenagers’ reach. 24．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Literary Taste Gives Way to Screens B．Deep Reading Benefits Mental Health C．Literature Students Face a Reading Crisis D．Traditional Education Makes a Comeback 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．A 24．C 【导语】牛津教授指出如今文学专业学生阅读量大幅下降，并分析该现象成因，也提及了利好现状与深度阅读的重要性。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. (牛津大学英国文学教授乔纳森·贝特爵士警示，文学专业学生过去一周读三本书，如今三周都难以读完一本。)”可知，作者通过陈述一个令人担忧的变化引出话题。 22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Actually it all begins in schools. You only have to look at the thinning of A-level syllabuses and the tendency to assign works because they’re shorter,” Bate said. (贝特表示：事实上这一切始于学校。只需看看英国高级程度考试教学大纲的缩减，以及学校倾向于布置篇幅更短的作品的现象便能知晓。)”和第四段“He added that it was also “an unintended consequence of the push in both the top British and American universities towards diversity and access… as some students come from schools where the teachers’ main task is crowd control, and so the demands in terms of reading long books are just not there.” (他补充道，“这也是英美顶尖大学推行多元化招生和普及教育带来的意外结果……部分学生就读的学校中，教师的主要工作是维持秩序，因此学校没有对长篇书籍阅读提出要求。”)”可知，贝特认为该现象的原因是学校教育存在不足。 23．推理判断题。根据第五段“State-funded charter schools in the US were an interesting phenomenon, however. “There’s a big comeback of classical education within these schools,” Bate said. (然而，美国公立特许学校是一个有趣的现象。贝特称：“这些学校的古典教育正在强势回归。”)”以及后续讲述儿子在特许学校研读多部经典著作、学习深奥知识，以及第六段最后“So there is some hope. (所以仍存有希望。)”可知，贝特提及儿子的经历是为了说明古典教育并未彻底没落，仍有发展希望。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Literature students once read three books a week but today they struggle to make it through one in three weeks, Sir Jonathan Bate, a professor of English literature at the University of Oxford, has warned. (牛津大学英国文学教授乔纳森·贝特爵士警示，文学专业学生过去一周读三本书，如今三周都难以读完一本。)”可知，全文围绕文学专业学生阅读量锐减这一核心问题展开，介绍了该现象、分析背后成因、列举特例并阐述深度阅读缺失的危害，其核心主题是文学专业学生面临阅读危机。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司38 / 39 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $