Unit3语法(wh-+不定式)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年沪教版四五学制英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦“特殊疑问词/whether+动词不定式(wh-+to do)”语法点，通过与宾语从句对比导入，结合结构公式、分类讲解搭建学习支架，帮助学生理解其名词性短语本质及与宾语从句的转换逻辑。 资料以“概念-分类-功能-辨析-练习”为脉络，突出重难点如what to do与how to do it的区分，配套多样化练习提升语言运用能力，通过易错点归纳培养思维品质，助力学生高效掌握语法知识并形成自主学习策略。

Unit3 Travellers’ tales语法讲解与练习 特殊疑问词/whether+动词不定式(wh - + to do)详细讲解 一、基本概念 结构公式：特殊疑问词/whether + to +动词原形 1.本质：这是一个名词性短语，整体相当于一个宾语从句； 2.含义：(应该/需要)…做某事，多用于表达犹豫、计划、询问出行安排； 3.句式优势：比宾语从句更加简洁，口语、书面写作高频使用。 对比转换(必考) I don’t know where I will travel.（宾语从句） = I don’t know where to travel.（疑问词+不定式） ✅ 可以使用的引导词： what, which, who (whom), when, where, how, whether ❌ 两个禁止 1.if 不能和to do连用，表 “是否” 只用whether to do； 2.why一般不接 to do，不存在 why to go； 固定句型：why not /why don’t you +动词原形（不带 to）；如果要表达 “为什么要做”，只能使用宾语从句：I don’t know why I should go. 二、常用结构分类 1. 疑问代词+ to do（what /which/who） （1）what to do 做什么 what 在不定式内部作宾语，后面不能再加宾语 it 例句： We haven’t decided what to do during the trip. 我们还没有决定旅途中要做什么。 ❌ what to do it（成分重复） （2）which (place/route) to choose 选择哪一个 可单独使用 which to choose，也可以加名词 which place to visit 例句：Can you tell me which hotel to book? 你能告诉我该预定哪家酒店吗？ （3）who to ask 向谁询问 例句：I don’t know who to ask for travel advice. 我不知道该向谁寻求旅行建议。 2. 疑问副词+ to do（where/when/how） 副词在不定式中作状语，动词后面经常需要补充宾语 （1）where to go /where to stay 去哪里/住哪里 例句：They are discussing where to go for their summer trip. 他们正在讨论去哪里进行夏日旅行。 （2）when to leave 何时出发 例句：No one knows when to leave for the airport. 没人知道什么时候动身去机场。 （3）how to do sth. 如何做某事 how 是方式状语，do 是及物动词，必须搭配宾语 ✅ how to get there 如何抵达那里 ❌ how to get（错误，缺少宾语） 例句：Could you show me how to get to the scenic spot? 你能告诉我怎样去这个景点吗？ 3. whether to do 是否要做（重难点） 只能用 whether，绝对不能替换成 if 例句： She is thinking about whether to take the train. 她正在考虑是否乘坐火车。 三、句法功能（短语在句子中充当什么成分） 1. 作动词宾语（最常考！） 常搭配动词：know, decide, wonder, tell, ask, learn, remember, consider, discuss, choose, explain： *We need to decide where to camp. *He wondered what to take for the journey. 2. 作介词宾语 常见介词：about, of They argued about which route to take. 他们为选择哪条路线争论不休。 3. 作主语（谓语动词常用单数） Where to travel hasn’t been agreed. 去哪里旅行还没有达成一致。 4. 作表语 My problem is how to carry so many bags. 我的难题是如何搬运这么多行李。 补充固定搭配：have no idea +疑问词 to do I have no idea when to set off. 我不知道什么时候出发。 四、核心重难点辨析 区分：what to do VS how to do it what to do what = do的宾语→ do后面不加任何宾语 I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 how to do it how 只表方式，不作宾语 → do 后面必须加宾语（it/them 等） I don’t know how to do it. 我不知道怎么做这件事。 单元情景对比 ✅ I don’t know what to prepare. ✅ I don’t know how to prepare the luggage. ❌ I don’t know how to prepare. 五、高频易错汇总 ❌ I don’t know if to travel abroad. ✅ I don’t know whether to travel abroad.（if不能搭配to do） ❌ She doesn’t know how to do. ✅ She doesn’t know how to do it. ❌ Can you tell me where to go there? ✅ Can you tell me where to go?（where和there语义重复） ❌ We discussed why to stay here. ✅ We discussed why we should stay here.（why很少接to do） ❌ He is thinking which to choose it. ✅ He is thinking which to choose.（which已经作宾语，删除it） 六、同义转换技巧 疑问词+ to do =疑问词+主语+ should/can/will +动词原形 1.We don’t know where to visit. = We don’t know where we should visit. 2.She hasn’t decided whether to buy the ticket. = She hasn’t decided whether she will buy the ticket. 【配套练习】 大题一：用正确的疑问词填空 从what/which/who/when/ where/how/whether中选词填空 1. We haven’t decided ________ place to visit first. 2. I don’t know ________ to ask for travel information. 3. Could you tell me ________ to get to the mountain village? 4. They are discussing ________ to leave, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. 5. She has no idea ________ to take with her during the journey. 6. Tom is thinking about ________ to book a room or not. 7. The question is ________ we can find a cheap hotel. 8. No one tells us ________ road to take. 9. I wonder ________ to do if it rains during the trip. 10. Please explain ________ to pack our travel bags well. 11. They argued ________ to go, Sanya or Qingdao. 12. He hasn’t planned ________ to meet his tour guide. 13. Do you know ________ to turn to when you meet trouble abroad? 14. We are talking about ________ activities to join in. 15. Lily doesn’t know ________ to choose, the train or the plane. 16. ________ to stay is still a big problem for the travellers. 17. The guide will tell you ________ to visit in this ancient town. 18. I can’t decide ________ to stay for three days or longer. 19. Could you teach me ________ to take beautiful photos here? 20. Many tourists don’t know ________ to buy as local gifts. 大题二：单项选择 1. I haven’t decided ______ for my coming trip. A. what prepare B. what to prepare C. to prepare what D. what preparing 2. She is thinking about ______ take the high-speed rail. A. if to B. whether to C. whether D. if 3. Can you tell me ______ get to the lake park? A. how to B. how C. to how D. how can 4. We don’t know ______ next. There are two roads. A. which choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. which choosing 5. The traveller has no idea ______ to ask for help. A. who B. what C. which D. whose 6. —I don’t know ______. —You can follow the map. A. where go B. where to go C. to where go D. where going 7. They are discussing ______ set off, at 6:00 or 7:00. A. when to B. to when C. when D. when will 8. Please tell me ______ I should do. A. how to B. what to C. what D. how 9. He doesn’t know ______ because he forgets the way. A. how do it B. how to do it C. what to do it D. what do 10. ______ to travel abroad hasn’t been decided yet. A. Where B. Where to C. To where D. Where going 11. I wonder ______ stay in this small town for another night. A. whether to B. if to C. whether D. if 12. Could you show me ______ use this travel app? A. to how B. how to C. how D. how can 13. She can’t choose ______ hotel to live in. A. what B. which C. who D. where 14. We talked about ______ to visit during our holiday. A. which places B. where places C. what place D. when place 15. I have no idea ______ to meet the tour group. A. when B. to when C. when will D. when going 大题三：句型转换（改为“疑问词+不定式”结构） 要求：将宾语从句句型改为简洁的疑问词+to do 结构，每空一词 1. I don’t know where I should go during the holiday. I don’t know ________ ________ ________ during the holiday. 2. She can’t decide what she should take for the trip. She can’t decide ________ ________ for the trip. 3. Could you tell me how I can get to the museum? Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ to the museum? 4. We are discussing when we will set off tomorrow. We are discussing ________ ________ ________ tomorrow. 5. He doesn’t know which hotel he should choose. He doesn’t know ________ ________ ________. 6. I don’t know who I can ask for travel advice. I don’t know ________ ________ ________ for travel advice. 7. She is thinking about whether she should book the flight. She is thinking about ________ ________ book the flight. 8. We have not decided what we will do next. We have not decided ________ ________ next. 9. The boy wants to know where he can buy local gifts. The boy wants to know ________ ________ ________ local gifts. 10. Can you tell me which route I should take? Can you tell me ________ ________ ________ ________? 大题四：汉译英翻译 1. 我们还没有决定去哪里旅行。 _______________________________________________________ 2. 她正在考虑是否预定这趟航班。 _______________________________________________________ 3. 你能告诉我怎样到达海边吗？ _______________________________________________________ 4. 我不知道该向谁寻求旅行建议。 _______________________________________________________ 5. 他们正在讨论什么时候出发。 _______________________________________________________ 6. 难题是选择哪一条游览路线。 _______________________________________________________ 7. 我不知道旅途中该带些什么。 _______________________________________________________ 8. 请告诉我该参观小镇的哪些地方。 _______________________________________________________ 9. 他无法决定住在哪一家酒店。 _______________________________________________________ 10. 我们正在商量做什么来打发旅途时间。 _______________________________________________________ Keys 一、填空题答案 1. which 2. who 3. how 4. when 5. what 6. whether 7. where 8. which 9. what 10. how 11. where 12. when 13. who 14. what 15. which 16. Where 17. what 18. whether 19. how 20. what 二、单项选择答案 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.A 三、句型转换答案 1. where to go 2. what to take 3. how to get 4. when to set off 5. which hotel to choose 6. who to ask 7. whether to 8. what to do 9. where to buy 10. which route to take 四、汉译英参考答案 1.We haven’t decided where to travel. 2.She is thinking about whether to book this flight. 3.Can you tell me how to get to the seaside? 4.I don’t know who to ask for travel advice. 5.They are discussing when to set off. 6.The problem is which travel route to choose. 7.I don’t know what to take during the journey. 8.Please tell me what places to visit in the small town. 9.He can’t decide which hotel to stay at. 10.We are talking about what to do to kill time during the trip. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $