第08讲 Unit 4 语法（后缀-able一般将来时态被动语态）及单元写作（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

第08讲 语法（后缀-able一般将来时态被动语态）及单元写作 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握后缀-able构词规则，能熟练完成动词与-able形容词的词性转换，用于解题与写作升级。 2. 熟记一般将来时被动语态结构，可准确辨析时态、完成填空与句型运用。 3. 能够结合两大语法，围绕“外语学习”主题，写出结构完整、语法准确的中考标准作文。 学习重点 1. -able后缀构词用法、高频单词变形与词性辨析。 2. 一般将来时被动语态（will be + done）的句式结构与语境运用。 3. 单元写作三段式结构、高级词汇与语法融合套用。 学习难点 1. 准确区分动词、形容词、副词词性，灵活运用-able形容词解题、升级作文。 2. 结合语境判断主动/被动、时态混用，规避将来被动语态缺be、变形错误。 3. 两大语法自然融合，让写作句式高级、逻辑连贯、贴合主题。 1、 后缀-able 一、核心知识点（中考必考） 1. 基本含义 -able 是形容词后缀，加在动词/少数名词后，构成形容词。 固定释义：可……的、能够……的、值得……的 2. 构词公式 动词 + able = 形容词 语义自带被动含义：可被……的 加法类型 具体含义 中文秒记 动词 + -able 表示这个动作可以被做 read (读) → readable (可读的，即读得进去) 名词 + -able 表示具有...特性 fashion (时尚) → fashionable (时尚的，即具有时尚特性) 第二部分：中考必背高频词汇清单（默写版） 中考不需要你造词，但下列单词必须做到 “看见认识，填空会变”。 动词原形 变 -able 形容词 中考高频释义 enjoy (享受) enjoyable 令人愉快的 rely (依赖) reliable 可靠的 (常形容人/消息) believe (相信) believable 可信的 afford (负担得起) affordable 价格合理的/买得起的 change (变化) changeable 多变的/易变的 (常指天气/性格) comfort (安慰/舒适) comfortable 舒适的 suit (适合) suitable 合适的 (常考短语 be suitable for) value (价值) valuable 宝贵的/有价值的 predict (预测) predictable 可预见的 notice (注意) noticeable 显而易见的 comfort (v. 安慰、使舒适) comfortable 舒适的 read (v. 读) readable 可读的、清晰的 accept (v. 接受) acceptable 可接受的 forget(v. 忘记） forgettable 易被忘记的 3. 拼写变形规则（中考易错） ①规则1：一般动词直接加 able 例：enjoy (享受) → enjoyable (令人愉快的) ②规则2：不发音e结尾，去e加able（最高频考点） 例：value (重视) → valuable (有价值的) believe (相信) → believable (可信的) ③规则3：特殊不变e（固定特例，单独记） love → lovable（可爱的）、use → usable（可用的） 4. 否定反义词（高频考点） 前缀 un- + -able形容词 = 不可……的 believable 可信的 → unbelievable 难以置信的 三、句型用法（写作+单选提分） -able形容词常用作定语、表语 •It is enjoyable to take a walk. 散步很愉快。 •The advice is very valuable. 这条建议很有价值。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. This kind of book is very ________ (read) for English beginners. 【答案】readable 【解析】句意：这类书籍非常适合英语初学者阅读。考查后缀-able构词法，动词read（阅读）加后缀-able构成形容词readable，意为“可读的、通俗易懂的”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填readable。 2. The new method makes English learning more ________ (change) and interesting. 【答案】changeable 【解析】句意：这种新方法让英语学习更加多变且有趣。动词change（改变）加后缀-able构成形容词changeable，意为“多变的、可改变的”，more后接形容词原级构成比较级，故填changeable。 3. The teacher’s advice is ________ (value) for our foreign language study. 【答案】valuable 【解析】句意：老师的建议对我们的外语学习很有价值。名词value（价值）加后缀-able构成形容词valuable，意为“有价值的”，作表语修饰主语advice，故填valuable。 4. These simple sentences are ________ (understand) for all students. 【答案】understandable 【解析】句意：所有学生都能理解这些简单的句子。动词understand（理解）加后缀-able构成形容词understandable，意为“可理解的、易懂的”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填understandable。 5. Practicing every day makes your dream of learning a foreign language ________ (achieve). 【答案】achievable 【解析】句意：每日练习能让你的外语学习梦想得以实现。动词achieve（实现）加后缀-able构成形容词achievable，意为“可实现的”，make sth. + 形容词（使某物……），故填achievable。 6. The words in this textbook are ________ (use) in daily communication. 【答案】usable 【解析】句意：这本教材中的词汇在日常交流中均可使用。动词use（使用）加后缀-able构成形容词usable，意为“可用的、适用的”，作表语，故填usable。 7. With good learning methods, progress is totally ________ (predict). 【答案】predictable 【解析】句意：掌握好的学习方法，进步是完全可预见的。动词predict（预测）加后缀-able构成形容词predictable，意为“可预见的”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填predictable。 8. This listening material is ________ (accept) for ninth-grade students. 【答案】acceptable 【解析】句意：这份听力材料适配九年级学生使用。动词accept（接受）加后缀-able构成形容词acceptable，意为“可接受的、合适的”，作表语，故填acceptable。 9. Good pronunciation makes your speech more ________ (admire). 【答案】admirable 【解析】句意：标准的发音会让你的口语表达更令人赞赏。动词admire（钦佩、赞赏）加后缀-able构成形容词admirable，意为“令人赞赏的、出色的”，more后接形容词原级，故填admirable。 10. The mistakes we make are ________ (avoid) if we practice carefully. 【答案】avoidable 【解析】句意：如果我们认真练习，学习中的错误是可以避免的。动词avoid（避免）加后缀-able构成形容词avoidable，意为“可避免的”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填avoidable。 11. Foreign language learning is a ________ (manage) task with patience. 【答案】manageable 【解析】句意：只要有耐心，外语学习是可以攻克的任务。动词manage（应对、完成）加后缀-able构成形容词manageable，意为“可处理的、可攻克的”，修饰名词task，故填manageable。 12. The cultural stories in the unit are ________ (enjoy) and educational. 【答案】enjoyable 【解析】句意：本单元的文化故事有趣且富有教育意义。动词enjoy（享受）加后缀-able构成形容词enjoyable，意为“令人愉快的、有趣的”，与educational并列作表语，故填enjoyable。 13. A clear study plan is ________ (rely) for improving your English. 【答案】reliable 【解析】句意：清晰的学习计划是提升英语的可靠保障。动词rely（依靠、依赖）加后缀-able构成形容词reliable，意为“可靠的”，作表语修饰主语plan，故填reliable。 14. Most language skills are ________ (develop) through long-term practice. 【答案】developable 【解析】句意：大多数语言技能都可以通过长期练习得到提升。动词develop（发展、提升）加后缀-able构成形容词developable，意为“可发展的、可提升的”，be动词后接形容词作表语，故填developable。 二、单项选择 1. The new English learning app is very ________ for students to improve their pronunciation. A. enjoy　　　B. enjoyable　　　C. enjoyably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这款新的英语学习软件非常适合学生提升发音。enjoy为动词“享受”；enjoyable是动词enjoy加后缀-able构成的形容词“令人愉快的、好用的”；enjoyably为副词。be动词后需用形容词作表语，故选B。 2. Practicing speaking every day makes our language progress ________. A. predict　　　B. predictable　　　C. predictably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：每天练习口语能让我们的语言进步变得可预见。predict是动词“预测”；predictable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可预见的”；predictably是副词。make sth. + 形容词为固定结构，表“使某物处于某种状态”，故选B。 3. The learning methods our teacher taught us are ________ and useful. A. value　　　B. valuable　　　C. valuably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师教给我们的学习方法很有价值且实用。value可作名词“价值”或动词“重视”；valuable是名词value加后缀-able构成的形容词“有价值的”；valuably是副词。此处与useful并列作表语，需用形容词，故选B。 4. Simple and clear sentences are ________ for beginners to understand. A. understand　　　B. understandable　　　C. understandingly 【答案】B 【解析】句意：简单易懂的句子适合初学者理解。understand是动词“理解”；understandable是后缀-able构成的形容词“易懂的、可理解的”；understandingly是副词。be动词后接形容词作表语，故选B。 5. With careful study, most small mistakes in writing are ________. A. avoid　　　B. avoidable　　　C. avoidably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：认真学习的话，写作中大多数小错误都是可以避免的。avoid是动词“避免”；avoidable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可避免的”；avoidably是副词。本句为主系表结构，需用形容词作表语，故选B。 6. A ________ learning plan can help us study English better. A. rely　　　B. reliable　　　C. reliably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：可靠的学习计划能帮助我们更好地学习英语。rely是动词“依靠、依赖”；reliable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可靠的”；reliably是副词。此处需要形容词修饰名词plan，作定语，故选B。 7. The short stories in our textbook are ________ and educational for language learning. A. accept　　　B. acceptable　　　C. acceptably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们课本中的短篇故事适合语言学习，兼具适用性与教育意义。accept是动词“接受”；acceptable是后缀-able构成的形容词“合适的、可接受的”；acceptably是副词。此处与educational并列作表语，需用形容词，故选B。 8. As long as we keep practicing, our language learning goals are ________. A. achieve　　　B. achievable　　　C. achieveably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：只要我们坚持练习，我们的语言学习目标是可以实现的。achieve是动词“实现”；achievable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可实现的”；achieveably是副词。主系表结构中需用形容词作表语，故选B。 9. Daily practice makes basic language skills ________ and easy to master. A. use　　　B. usable　　　C. usefully 【答案】B 【解析】句意：日常练习能让基础语言技能实用且易于掌握。use是动词/名词“使用”；usable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可用的、实用的”；usefully是副词。此处与easy并列作宾语补足语，需用形容词，故选B。 10. Patient learning makes the difficult foreign language task ________. A. manage　　　B. manageable　　　C. manageably 【答案】B 【解析】句意：耐心学习能让难度较大的外语学习任务变得可攻克。manage是动词“处理、应对”；manageable是后缀-able构成的形容词“可处理的、可完成的”；manageably是副词。make sth. + 形容词为固定搭配，故选B。 2、 一般进来时态被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 被动语态本质 主动：主语发出动作 被动：主语承受动作（被……） 2. 一般将来时含义 表示将来要发生的动作，时间标志：tomorrow, next week, in 3 days, soon, later 等。 3. 一般将来时被动 = 将来时态 + 被动结构 翻译：某物 / 某人将会被…… 二、标准结构（中考必考，必须背熟） 基础公式：will be + 动词过去分词 (done) 两种将来句式被动 will 型（最常用） 肯定：主语 + will + be + done 否定：主语 + will + not (won’t) + be + done 疑问：Will + 主语 + be + done? be going to 型（计划、打算将要） 肯定：主语 + am/is/are going to + be + done 否定：主语 + am/is/are not going to + be + done 疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be + done? 关键易错点（中考高频坑） will /going to 后面必须加原形 be，不能直接加 done ❌ The letter will sent. ✅ The letter will be sent. be 动词永远不变形，后面只跟过去分词 只有及物动词才有被动，不及物动词（happen, appear, arrive, happen, take place）无被动 三、句式拆分 + 例句（简单易懂） （一）will 结构 1. 肯定句 结构：主语 + will be + 过去分词 We will build a new hospital.（主动） A new hospital will be built (by us).（被动）一所新医院将会被（我们）建造。 People will plant many trees. Many trees will be planted. 2. 否定句 will not = won’t 结构：主语 + won’t be + done 主动：He will finish the work tomorrow. 被动：The work won’t be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天不会被完成。 3. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + done? 答句：Yes, 主语 + will. / No, 主语 won’t. 主动：Will they hold a party? 被动：Will a party be held? — Will a party be held? — Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done? Where will the sports meeting be held?运动会将在哪里举办？ （二）be going to 结构（表计划） 肯定 The school is going to repair the library.（主动） The library is going to be repaired.（被动）图书馆打算被修缮。 否定 The bridge isn’t going to be finished soon.这座桥不会很快完工。 疑问 Are these letters going to be posted today?这些信打算今天寄出去吗？ 四、by 短语用法（中考阅读 / 写作考点） 被动句中，动作执行者用 by + 人 / 物，可省略。 主动：She will clean the room. 被动：The room will be cleaned by her. 日常写作中 by sb. 不强调人时直接删掉： The room will be cleaned. 五、时间标志词（看到就用将来被动） tomorrow, tomorrow morning next year /next month /next week in + 一段时间（in two days 两天后） soon, later, in the future this afternoon, tonight 六、常考动词过去分词（必背） build – built；send – sent；hold – held finish – finished；repair – repaired；plant – planted write – written；take – taken；make – made give – given；tell – told；use – used 七、中考三大易错陷阱（选择填空高频） ①漏 be 动词 错：The letter will send. 对：The letter will be sent. 解析：will 后被动必须加 be 原形 ②be 动词变形错误 错：Many trees will are planted. 对：Many trees will be planted. will 后只能用原形 be ③不及物动词乱用被动 happen, take place, appear, arrive 无被动 ❌ An accident will be happened. ✅ An accident will happen. 八、主动变被动万能步骤（做题专用） 找出主动句宾语，挪到句首作被动主语 确定将来时标志，套结构 will be done /be going to be done 原句主语放 by 后，可省略 动词改成过去分词 例题：We will clean our classroom after school. 步骤： ①宾语 our classroom 提前作主语 ②将来时 will be + clean 过去分词 cleaned ③by us 可省略 结果：Our classroom will be cleaned after school. 九、写作万能句型（作文提分） More trees will be planted to protect the environment.更多树木将会被种植来保护环境。 All homework will be checked by teachers tomorrow.所有作业明天将会被老师检查。 A new library is going to be built in our school next term.下学期我们学校将修建一座新图书馆。 一、单词拼写 1．New pop songs with folk rhythms ________ (create) in the coming music festival. 【答案】will be created 【详解】句意：在即将到来的音乐节上，带有民间节奏的新流行歌曲将会被创作出来。句中“in the coming music festival”为将来的时间状语，且主语“New pop songs”与谓语动词“创作”之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时被动语态的结构为“will be+过去分词”， create的过去分词为created。 2．A new rocket ________ (launch) next month for moon research. 【答案】will be launched 【详解】句意：一枚用于月球研究的新型火箭将于下月发射。时间状语next month表示将来，句子使用一般将来时。主语a new rocket和动词launch是被动关系，火箭“被发射”，因此采用一般将来时被动语态，结构为will be+动词过去分词。launch 的过去分词为launched。 3．Lots of amazing space photos ________ (take) by Xuntian in the future. 【答案】will be taken 【详解】句意：未来，巡天望远镜将拍摄大量震撼的太空照片。时间标志词in the future表明句子使用一般将来时。主语space photos和动词take是被动关系，照片被拍摄，因此用一般将来时被动语态，结构为：will be+动词过去分词。take的过去分词是taken。 4．More history knowledge ________ (learn) in Grade Nine. 【答案】will be learned 【详解】句意：更多的历史知识将在九年级被学习。句中“in Grade Nine”指向未来的学习阶段，且主语More history knowledge和动词learn是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态。learn的被动形式为be learned，搭配will构成完整结构。 5．The seeds ________ (spread) over the field tomorrow. 【答案】will be spread 【详解】句意：这些种子明天将被撒播在田野上。句中“tomorrow”为将来的时间状语，提示动作发生在将来，且主语The seeds和动词spread是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态。spread的过去分词为spread，搭配will be构成完整结构。 6．Space travel ________ (make) much easier in time. 【答案】will be made 【详解】句意：太空旅行最终会变得容易得多‌。句中“in time”在这里意为“迟早，最终”，表示未来的时间，所以句子时态应用一般将来时。“Space travel（太空旅行）”与“make（使，让）”之间是被动关系，即太空旅行是被（人们）变得更容易，所以要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 过去分词”，“make”的过去分词是“made”，所以答案是“will be made”。 7．As technology improves, more exoplanets ________ (find). 【答案】will be found 【详解】句意：随着科技进步，更多系外行星将会被发现。find表示“发现”；本句时态为一般将来时，行星是“被发现”，需用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词。find应变为found。故填will be found。 8．An article about space ________ (publish) next month. 【答案】will be published 【详解】句意：一篇关于太空的文章将于下个月发表。句中“next month”为将来的时间状语，提示动作发生在将来；主语An article与动词publish构成被动关系，表示“文章被发表”，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”，publish的过去分词为published。 9．The trip to the museum ________ (cancel) tomorrow. 【答案】will be cancelled 【详解】句意：前往博物馆的行程将于明天被取消。句中“tomorrow”为将来的时间状语，提示动作发生在将来；主语The trip to the museum与动词cancel构成被动关系，表示“行程被取消”，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”，cancel的过去分词为cancelled。 10．More satellites ________ (position) in space next year. 【答案】will be positioned 【详解】句意：明年将有更多的卫星被部署在太空中。根据时间状语“next year”，可知句子应用一般将来时。主语“More satellites”与动词“position”之间是被动关系，即卫星“被”部署，因此需用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”。position的过去分词为positioned。 二、单项选择 11．Many traditional musical instruments ________ in the music show next month. A．will show B．will be shown C．show D．are shown 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多传统乐器将在下个月的音乐会上被展示。 时间状语“next month”提示句子时态为一般将来时，主语“Many traditional musical instruments”是物，与动词“show”之间构成被动关系，所以应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be+过去分词，应用will be shown。 12．—Will more satellites ________ next year? —Yes, scientists are preparing for it. A．launch B．launched C．be launched D．are launched 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明年将会有更多的卫星被发射吗？——是的，科学家们正在为此做准备。 主语satellites与动词launch之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据Will和next year可知是一般将来时，结构为will be done，be launched符合结构。 13．Many problems ________ before manned Mars missions start. A．will solve B．will be solved C．solved D．were solved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在载人火星任务开始之前，许多问题将被解决。主语Many problems与动词solve之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；根据“before manned Mars missions start可知，动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构是“will be+动词的过去分词”。 14．Humans ________ to Mars one day, I believe. A．will take B．will be taken C．take D．are taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我相信人类总有一天会被送往火星。 根据时间状语“one day”可知句子时态为一般将来时；主语Humans与动词take之间是被动关系，表示“人类被送往”，所以要用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be taken。 15．The 3D printer ________ to make houses in the future. A．uses B．is used C．will be used D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：3D打印机在未来将被用来建造房子。 根据时间状语“in the future”可知句子时态为一般将来时；主语“The 3D printer”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be used。 16．The Xuntian telescope ________ along with Tiangong. A．will move B．will be moved C．moves D．is moved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：巡天望远镜将随天宫空间站一起被移动。 主语The Xuntian telescope是动作move的承受者，需用被动语态；根据语境及常识可知，这是关于未来的计划，需用一般将来时。一般将来时的被动语态结构为：will+be+动词的过去分词。 17．As technology improves, more exoplanets ________. A．will find B．will be found C．find D．are found 【答案】B 【详解】句意：随着技术进步，更多的系外行星将会被发现。 主语more exoplanets与动词find之间是被动关系，即“系外行星被发现”，因此需用被动语态，排除主动形式的A、C选项；as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表述客观发展趋势，主句表示将来会发生的动作，因此用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词，故选B。 18．Will a new rocket ________ next month? A．launch B．be launched C．launching D．launched 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下个月将发射一枚新火箭吗？主语“a new rocket”与动词“launch”之间是被动关系，且由“Will”和“next month”可知时态为一般将来时，被动结构为“will be + 过去分词”。 19．An article about future space travel ________ next week. A．will publish B．will be published C．publishes D．published 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一篇关于未来太空旅行的文章将于下周发表。 will publish一般将来时主动；will be published一般将来时被动； publishes一般现在时主动三单；published过去式/过去分词。 主语article (文章)是“被发表”，存在被动关系；next week表将来，用will be done 结构，will be published符合题意。 20．The trip to the space museum ________ because of bad weather. A．will cancel B．will be cancelled C．cancels D．cancelled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于天气不好，去太空博物馆的旅行将被取消。 主语“The trip”是物，与动词“cancel”之间构成被动关系，根据语境可知动作尚未发生，应用一般将来时被动语态“will be done”，选项B符合。 三、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化 (可添加助动词或者情态动词)，填入空白处。 catch, cover, plant, do, enjoy, benefit, give, not set, wake, move, forget Many men over 50s enjoy nothing more than a bit of peace and quiet. But that is not the case for Wang Jiangang: while others 21 their easy life, he is busy planting trees in the Gobi Desert. Wang, a man in his sixties now, was born and raised in Beijing. He has everything a man could want — an apartment, a successful business and a happy family. Yet his decision to plant trees in the desert has made his life quite unusual. In June 2015, Wang went to Ejine of Inner Mongolia with some partners 22 a survey. On the day they arrived, a sandstorm 23 them. The dark yellow sand clouded the sky. “Our cars 24 by sand and stones, so we hid inside them,” he recalled. When the sandstorm finally stopped, he found there was nothing in the desert — no road, no grass. Wang and his partners started digging and planting trees in the same year. Wang chose suosuo, a drought and salinity-resistant (耐盐碱的)  tree, as the major plant he’d use in the desert. For years, they 25 up tents because of the heavy sandstorms. They had to drive about 200 kilometers to buy machine parts when their machines broke down, and they didn’t even have enough water, etc. However, none of these could make him 26 up. “I’ve always expected to achieve something bigger. That’s why I decided to build greenbelts in the desert,” Wang said. So far, Wang’s team 27 20,666 hectares (公顷) of suosuo. The first group of suosuo has grown to 2 meters high, and a single tree can fix 10 square meters of sand and prevent it from 28 . in the wind. Even now, he still 29 up at 5 a. m. every day to check the growth of the trees, a habit he has kept for nearly a decade. “Human life is short, but trees can live up to thousands of years. They 30 our children and our children’s children,” Wang said with satisfaction. 【答案】 21．are enjoying 22．to do 23．caught 24．were covered 25．couldn’t set/could not set 26．give 27．has planted 28．moving 29．wakes 30．will benefit/can benefit 【导语】本文讲述了王建刚在戈壁滩种树的故事。 【详解】21．句意：但王建刚却截然不同：当其他人享受安逸闲适的生活时，他却在戈壁滩忙着种树。根据主句“he is busy planting...”可知，此处表示“当其他人在享受安逸生活时”，强调动作正在进行。主语others是复数，故填are enjoying。 22．句意：2015年6月，王建刚和几位伙伴来到内蒙古额济纳旗做调研。王建刚和伙伴们去内蒙古额济纳的目的是做调查，此处使用动词不定式表目的。do a survey意为“做调查”，固定搭配。 23．句意：抵达当天，一场沙尘暴就席卷了他们。根据时间状语“On the day they arrived”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，catch sb.在此意为“使某人遭遇……困住某人”，故填catch的过去式 caught。 24．句意：“我们的车被沙石裹住，我们只能躲在车里，”他回忆道。此处指的被沙石盖住，主语cars与cover之间是被动关系，需要用被动语态，且事情发生在过去，主语为复数，故填were covered。 25．句意：那些年，漫天黄沙让他们常年搭不起帐篷。根据后文“because of the heavy sandstorms”可知，因为强烈的沙尘暴，他们“不能/无法”搭帐篷，表示过去的能力或客观条件的限制，需添加情态动词could，故填couldn’t set或could not set。 26．句意：然而，这些困难中没有一件能让他放弃。此处指的是“放弃”，固定用法make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，后接不带to的动词不定式；give up意为“放弃”，填动词原形give。 27．句意：到目前为止，他的团队已经种下 20666 公顷梭梭林。根据时间状语So far“到目前为止”可知，句子应用现在完成时。主语Wang’s team视为一个整体，助动词用has，故填has planted。 28．句意：第一批梭梭树已经长到两米高，单棵梭梭就能固定十平方米沙土，阻止风沙流动。此处指阻止风沙流动，固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.意为“防止……做某事”，介词from后需接动名词形式，故填moving。 29．句意：时至今日，他依旧每天清晨五点起床巡查树苗长势，这个习惯他坚持了近十年。根据时间状语“every day”可知，句子表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。主语he是第三人称单数，wake up意为“醒来”，故填wakes。 30．句意：它们会/能够造福我们的子孙后代。此句描述种树的益处是造福人类，选择benefit“有益于……”，人类收益是将来发生的事情，需添加助动词will 构成一般将来时，will后动词用原形；树木拥有存活千年的特性，具备造福子孙后代的能力，can强调事物本身固有的客观能力，所以也可以填can benefit。 四、短文填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。 Animals are natural resources (自然资源) that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have 31 (kill) for their fur and feather, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals 32 (disappear) from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone 33 (consider) in danger. Why 34 people ________ (care)? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there 35 never ________ (be) any more. Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal 36 (cause) many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain 37 (destroy) by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks 38 (keep) down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. Luckily, some people 39 (work) to help save animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws 40 (protect) animals in danger. However, only 12 countries have passed laws. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 【答案】 31．been killed 32．have disappeared 33．are considered 34．should; care 35．will; be 36．can cause 37．were destroyed 38．to keep 39．are working 40．protecting 【导语】本文主要讲述了动物在自然中的重要性以及保护动物的几个方法。 【详解】31．句意：动物被猎杀是为了获取毛皮和羽毛、作为食物、为了娱乐，或者仅仅因为它们碍事。主语Animals与kill之间是被动关系，空前有have，说明此处用现在完成时的被动语态，结构为have been done，kill的过去分词为killed，所以填been killed。 32．句意：成千上万种动物已经永远从地球上消失了。此处描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响（消失且不再回来），用现在完成时，主语“Thousands of kinds of animals”为复数，助动词用have，disappear的过去分词为disappeared，所以填have disappeared。 33．句意：仅在美国就有大约170种动物被认为濒临灭绝。主语About 170 kinds与consider之间是被动关系，全文时态为一般现在时，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为are done，consider的过去分词为considered，所以填are considered。 34．句意：人们为什么应该关心呢？此处表达“应该”的含义，用情态动词should，后接动词原形care，所以两空分别填should和care。 35．句意：因为一旦它们消失了，就再也不会有更多了。此处为there be句型的一般将来时，表示“将再也不会有”，结构为there will never be，所以填will和be。 36．句意：毁灭一种动物会引起许多问题。空格处需要填情态动词can，表示“能够引起”，后接动词原形cause，所以填can cause。 37．句意：农民储存的玉米和谷物被老鼠毁掉了。主语the farmers’ stores of corn and grain与destroy之间是被动关系，描述过去发生的事实用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为were done，destroy的过去分词为destroyed，所以填were destroyed。 38．句意：因为没有鹰来控制它们的数量。此处为with复合结构，with+名词+不定式（to do），表示“有……要做”，不定式作宾补，所以填to keep。 39．句意：幸运的是，一些人正在努力帮助拯救动物。此处描述现阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，主语“some people”为复数，结构为are working，所以填are working。 40．句意：他们努力让政府通过法律来保护濒危动物。此处用动词的-ing形式作定语修饰laws，表示“用于保护的法律”，protect的现在分词为protecting，所以填protecting。 3、 单元写作 一、单元写作整体解读（紧扣新教材） 本单元主题为“A colorful World of Words（多彩的语言世界）”，核心围绕外语学习展开，贴合教材听说读写板块核心内容。单元写作核心考点为Learning a Foreign Language（学习一门外语），是中考高频书面表达话题。 写作核心考查方向：介绍学习外语的意义、分享个人外语学习方法、谈论学习中的困难与解决办法、阐述语言与文化的关联。写作要求：结构完整、逻辑清晰，熟练运用本单元词汇与句型，时态以一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 二、单元核心写作素材（教材同步必背） （一）重点核心词汇（教材原文词汇） official adj. 官方的；正式的 native adj. 本土的；母语的 widely adv. 广泛地 culture n. 文化 communicate v. 交流；沟通 improve v. 提升；改善 challenge n. & v. 挑战；考验 progress n. 进步 opportunity n. 机会 vocabulary n. 词汇 pronunciation n. 发音 practice v. & n. 练习 （二）高频短语（教材同步搭配） 1. official language 官方语言 2. native speaker 母语使用者 3. communicate with others 与他人交流 4. broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 5. make progress 取得进步 6. face challenges 面对挑战 7. in the future 在未来 8. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 9. be widely used 被广泛使用 10. learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 （三）万能高分句型（教材改编+考场适配） 【开篇引入·介绍主题】 1. Learning a foreign language is one of the greatest wonders in our colorful world. 学习一门外语是多彩世界中最棒的事情之一。 2. With the development of the world, learning a foreign language has become more and more important. 随着世界的发展，学习外语变得愈发重要。 【主体段·学习意义】 1. It helps us communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. 它帮助我们与不同国家的人交流，了解多元文化。 2. A foreign language can bring us more chances to study and work in the future. 外语能为我们未来的学习和工作带来更多机会。 3. As China grows stronger, Chinese is widely used around the world, so learning foreign languages helps us connect with the world. 随着中国日益强大，汉语在全球被广泛使用，学习外语能让我们更好地接轨世界。 【主体段·学习方法】 1. The best way to learn a foreign language is to practice it every day. 学习外语最好的方法是坚持每日练习。 2. We should listen carefully in class and take notes to review knowledge in time. 我们上课要认真听讲、做好笔记，及时复习知识。 3.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Instead, we can learn valuable lessons from them. 不要害怕犯错，我们可以从错误中汲取宝贵经验。 【结尾总结·个人感悟】 1. I believe I will make great progress in foreign language learning with continuous practice. 我相信坚持练习，我一定能在外语学习中取得巨大进步。 2. Learning a foreign language is not easy, but it is meaningful and rewarding. 学习外语并不容易，但意义非凡、收获满满。 三、标准写作框架（三段式万能结构） 第一段：开篇点题（2-3句） 简单引出外语学习的重要性，点明文章主旨，可结合本单元“多彩语言世界”主题开篇，简洁自然，开门见山。 第二段：主体论述（4-6句） 核心分两点展开，逻辑清晰：① 学习外语的意义（交流、开阔眼界、助力未来发展）；② 个人实用学习方法（日常练习、课堂积累、不惧犯错、融入文化）。 第三段：结尾总结（2-3句） 总结学习感悟，表达坚持学习的决心，升华主题，贴合青少年成长视角。 四、满分范文精讲（贴合教材+中考标准） 作文题目 假如你是李华，你的英语老师布置了题为 My Ideas about Learning a Foreign Language 的短文写作。请你根据本单元所学，介绍学习外语的重要性、你的学习方法以及学习感悟，词数80-100。 满分范文 My Ideas about Learning a Foreign Language Our world is full of colorful languages, and learning a foreign language is really important for us. It is not only a useful skill but also a key to knowing different cultures. Learning a foreign language helps us communicate with native speakers from all over the world and broaden our horizons. It also provides us with more opportunities for future study and jobs. As for me, I have my own learning ways. I listen to English songs and read short passages every day to improve my vocabulary and pronunciation. In class, I take notes carefully and take an active part in group discussions. Besides, I never fear making mistakes, for mistakes are the best teachers. In a word, foreign language learning is challenging but meaningful. I will keep practicing and make steady progress in the future. 范文亮点解析 1. 贴合教材：全程使用单元核心词汇（native、vocabulary、pronunciation、challenge、progress）和教材改编句型，完全适配单元教学重点。 2. 逻辑满分：严格遵循“开篇点题—意义+方法—总结感悟”三段式结构，层次清晰。 3. 句式丰富：运用not only...but also...、besides、in a word等连接词，长短句结合，避免句式单一。 4. 语法准确：时态统一，主谓一致，无基础语法错误，符合中考评分标准。 五、高频易错点扣分警示（单元专属） 1. 词汇误用：German（德语/德国的）≠ Germany（德国），不可混用；widely 为副词，修饰动词，不可误用为 wide。 2. 固定搭配错误：正确 make progress（取得进步），无 make a progress；正确 be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事）。 3. 时态混乱：介绍学习方法、客观意义用一般现在时；讲述过往学习经历用一般过去时；展望未来用一般将来时，切忌混用。 4. 中式英语：避免 I very like learn English. 正确句式：I like learning English very much. 1．随着中国的发展，世界各地掀起了“汉语热”，作为中国人，我们更应该学好汉语。请以“My Chinese Learning”为题，写一篇短文。 内容包括： 1. Why should we learn Chinese well? 2. How can we become good Chinese learners? 写作要求：词数80—100；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Chinese Learning With the development of China, Chinese is __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】[例文] My Chinese Learning With the development of China, Chinese is becoming more and more popular. As native speakers, it’s our duty to learn Chinese well. It helps us to understand Chinese culture better. Chinese was one of the subjects when I was in a primary school. At first, I used to be weak in it, and I felt stressed out. My Chinese teacher advised me to read more books. From then on, reading played an important role in my life. I often went to the library which was near my home. I made much more progress in Chinese. I think reading books is a useful way of learning Chinese well. Also, it’s necessary to practice writing as often as we can. Only in this way can we become a good Chinese learner. 【详解】1.题干解读：本题为话题作文，要求就“My Chinese Learning”这一话题以及题目所给提示写一篇文章，分享自己学习汉语的经历以及建议。 2.写作指导：写作时应用第一人称，时态应用现在时。文章应思路清晰，逻辑通顺，无语法、拼写错误。 2．请以"The fun ways to learn English"为题, 根据以下要点和要求, 用英语写一篇短文, 向同学们分享一些有趣的学习英语的方法。 写作要点: 1. Do you have any interesting ways to learn English? 2. Why are these ways interesting? 3. How do you feel about these ways? 要求: 1. 短文应包括提示中所有的写作要点, 条理清楚, 行文连贯, 可适当发挥; 2. 短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名; 3. 词数 80～120。 参考词汇: suitable合适的, benefit得益于 The fun ways to learn English ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The fun ways to learn English English learning is of great importance to us. Here, I will introduce some fun ways to learn English. To begin with, I watch English movies that are full of humor. Second, I learn English by listening to English songs or singing them. Last, I often watch popular English videos for some minutes. When I watch English movies that are full of humor, I can feel happy and relaxed. In this way, I can learn English very easily. When I listen to English songs, I not only practice my English listening but also improve my pronunciation. As for English videos, I can pick up many useful phrases. Therefore, I can have a good knowledge of English culture. Of course, I also have many other fun ways. I think whatever the way is, the most suitable for you is the best. And I think if you learn English well, you can benefit a lot from it. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “有趣的英语学习方法（The fun ways to learn English）” 展开，介绍学习英语的有趣方法及相关感受； ②时态：以一般现在时为主，描述学习英语的常规方法、原因和自身感受等； ③提示：文章需涵盖有无有趣学习方法、方法有趣的原因、对这些方法的感受，内容完整，逻辑清晰。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点明英语学习的重要性，引出要分享有趣的英语学习方法这一话题； 第二步，详细阐述具体的有趣学习方法，如看幽默英语电影、听唱英语歌曲、看英语短视频 ；分别说明每种方法有趣的原因，即看幽默电影能让人快乐放松且轻松学英语，听唱歌曲能练习听力和改善发音，看短视频能学到实用短语、了解英语文化 ； 第三步，补充提及还有其他有趣方法，强调适合自己的才是最好的，以及学好英语有益处，总结全文。 [亮点词汇] ①of great importance 非常重要 ②humor 幽默 ③pick up 学会；获得 ④have a good knowledge of 对…… 有很好的了解 [高分句型] ①When I watch English movies that are full of humor, I can feel happy and relaxed. （when 引导时间状语从句，that 引导定语从句 ） ②I think whatever the way is, the most suitable for you is the best. （whatever 引导让步状语从句 ） ③When  I listen to English songs, I not only practice my English listening but  also improve my pronunciation. （when 引导时间状语从句，not only...but also...  连接并列谓语 ） 3．目前很多学生整天忙于学习，成绩却不理想。请根据表格内容，结合自身实际，写一篇关于“怎样提高学习效率”的短文。 学习方法 1.listen to the teacher 2.takes notes 3.review in time 4.correct mistakes ... 体育锻炼 1.exercise ... 其他方面 1.make good use of time 2.ask sb. for help ... 要求： (1)短文应条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明，100词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数： (2)短文中不能出现真实的姓名、学校、地名等信息。 (3)短文应括全部信息，可围绕主题适当发挥。 How to Improve Our Study Efficiency A great number of students can’t finish their tasks, which leads to bad results and makes them less interested in their studies. How can we solve the problem? Here are some suggestions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you follow the advice that I have mentioned above, you will be successful. 【答案】例文： A great number of students can’t finish their tasks, which leads to bad results and makes them less interested in their studies. How can we solve the problem? Here are some suggestions. First, we are supposed to have good study methods, such as previewing new lessons before class, listening to the teacher carefully in class, taking notes in time and so on. We should review in time and do homework on time. Don’t forget to correct mistakes at any time. Then, it’s helpful for study to have good health. So we should spend at least an hour exercising our body every day. Besides, we’d better make good use of time. Don’t put off what we can do today till tomorrow. We should ask the teacher or classmates for help if we have some questions. If you follow the advice that I have mentioned above, you will be successful. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要点已经给出，考生要注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中的介绍，可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。点明“怎样提高学习效率”的主题。 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从学习方法、体育锻炼以及其他方面提出建议。 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①a great number of 大量的 ②in time及时 ③such as例如 ④at least至少 ⑤put off推迟 [高分句型] ①Then, it’s helpful for study to have good health. （it作形式主语） ②Don’t put off what we can do today till tomorrow.（祈使句） 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 语法（后缀-able一般将来时态被动语态）及单元写作 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握后缀-able构词规则，能熟练完成动词与-able形容词的词性转换，用于解题与写作升级。 2. 熟记一般将来时被动语态结构，可准确辨析时态、完成填空与句型运用。 3. 能够结合两大语法，围绕“外语学习”主题，写出结构完整、语法准确的中考标准作文。 学习重点 1. -able后缀构词用法、高频单词变形与词性辨析。 2. 一般将来时被动语态（will be + done）的句式结构与语境运用。 3. 单元写作三段式结构、高级词汇与语法融合套用。 学习难点 1. 准确区分动词、形容词、副词词性，灵活运用-able形容词解题、升级作文。 2. 结合语境判断主动/被动、时态混用，规避将来被动语态缺be、变形错误。 3. 两大语法自然融合，让写作句式高级、逻辑连贯、贴合主题。 1、 后缀-able 一、核心知识点（中考必考） 1. 基本含义 -able 是形容词后缀，加在动词/少数名词后，构成形容词。 固定释义：可……的、能够……的、值得……的 2. 构词公式 动词 + able = 形容词 语义自带被动含义：可被……的 加法类型 具体含义 中文秒记 动词 + -able 表示这个动作可以被做 read (读) → readable (可读的，即读得进去) 名词 + -able 表示具有...特性 fashion (时尚) → fashionable (时尚的，即具有时尚特性) 第二部分：中考必背高频词汇清单（默写版） 中考不需要你造词，但下列单词必须做到 “看见认识，填空会变”。 动词原形 变 -able 形容词 中考高频释义 enjoy (享受) enjoyable 令人愉快的 rely (依赖) reliable 可靠的 (常形容人/消息) believe (相信) believable 可信的 afford (负担得起) affordable 价格合理的/买得起的 change (变化) changeable 多变的/易变的 (常指天气/性格) comfort (安慰/舒适) comfortable 舒适的 suit (适合) suitable 合适的 (常考短语 be suitable for) value (价值) valuable 宝贵的/有价值的 predict (预测) predictable 可预见的 notice (注意) noticeable 显而易见的 comfort (v. 安慰、使舒适) comfortable 舒适的 read (v. 读) readable 可读的、清晰的 accept (v. 接受) acceptable 可接受的 forget(v. 忘记） forgettable 易被忘记的 3. 拼写变形规则（中考易错） ①规则1：一般动词直接加 able 例：enjoy (享受) → enjoyable (令人愉快的) ②规则2：不发音e结尾，去e加able（最高频考点） 例：value (重视) → valuable (有价值的) believe (相信) → believable (可信的) ③规则3：特殊不变e（固定特例，单独记） love → lovable（可爱的）、use → usable（可用的） 4. 否定反义词（高频考点） 前缀 un- + -able形容词 = 不可……的 believable 可信的 → unbelievable 难以置信的 三、句型用法（写作+单选提分） -able形容词常用作定语、表语 •It is enjoyable to take a walk. 散步很愉快。 •The advice is very valuable. 这条建议很有价值。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. This kind of book is very ________ (read) for English beginners. 2. The new method makes English learning more ________ (change) and interesting. 3. The teacher’s advice is ________ (value) for our foreign language study. 4. These simple sentences are ________ (understand) for all students. 5. Practicing every day makes your dream of learning a foreign language ________ (achieve). 6. The words in this textbook are ________ (use) in daily communication. 7. With good learning methods, progress is totally ________ (predict). 8. This listening material is ________ (accept) for ninth-grade students. 9. Good pronunciation makes your speech more ________ (admire). 10. The mistakes we make are ________ (avoid) if we practice carefully. 11. Foreign language learning is a ________ (manage) task with patience. 12. The cultural stories in the unit are ________ (enjoy) and educational. 13. A clear study plan is ________ (rely) for improving your English. 14. Most language skills are ________ (develop) through long-term practice. 二、单项选择 1. The new English learning app is very ________ for students to improve their pronunciation. A. enjoy　　　B. enjoyable　　　C. enjoyably 2. Practicing speaking every day makes our language progress ________. A. predict　　　B. predictable　　　C. predictably 3. The learning methods our teacher taught us are ________ and useful. A. value　　　B. valuable　　　C. valuably 4. Simple and clear sentences are ________ for beginners to understand. A. understand　　　B. understandable　　　C. understandingly 5. With careful study, most small mistakes in writing are ________. A. avoid　　　B. avoidable　　　C. avoidably 6. A ________ learning plan can help us study English better. A. rely　　　B. reliable　　　C. reliably 7. The short stories in our textbook are ________ and educational for language learning. A. accept　　　B. acceptable　　　C. acceptably 8. As long as we keep practicing, our language learning goals are ________. A. achieve　　　B. achievable　　　C. achieveably 9. Daily practice makes basic language skills ________ and easy to master. A. use　　　B. usable　　　C. usefully 10. Patient learning makes the difficult foreign language task ________. A. manage　　　B. manageable　　　C. manageably 2、 一般进来时态被动语态 一、核心概念 1. 被动语态本质 主动：主语发出动作 被动：主语承受动作（被……） 2. 一般将来时含义 表示将来要发生的动作，时间标志：tomorrow, next week, in 3 days, soon, later 等。 3. 一般将来时被动 = 将来时态 + 被动结构 翻译：某物 / 某人将会被…… 二、标准结构（中考必考，必须背熟） 基础公式：will be + 动词过去分词 (done) 两种将来句式被动 will 型（最常用） 肯定：主语 + will + be + done 否定：主语 + will + not (won’t) + be + done 疑问：Will + 主语 + be + done? be going to 型（计划、打算将要） 肯定：主语 + am/is/are going to + be + done 否定：主语 + am/is/are not going to + be + done 疑问：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be + done? 关键易错点（中考高频坑） will /going to 后面必须加原形 be，不能直接加 done ❌ The letter will sent. ✅ The letter will be sent. be 动词永远不变形，后面只跟过去分词 只有及物动词才有被动，不及物动词（happen, appear, arrive, happen, take place）无被动 三、句式拆分 + 例句（简单易懂） （一）will 结构 1. 肯定句 结构：主语 + will be + 过去分词 We will build a new hospital.（主动） A new hospital will be built (by us).（被动）一所新医院将会被（我们）建造。 People will plant many trees. Many trees will be planted. 2. 否定句 will not = won’t 结构：主语 + won’t be + done 主动：He will finish the work tomorrow. 被动：The work won’t be finished tomorrow.这项工作明天不会被完成。 3. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + done? 答句：Yes, 主语 + will. / No, 主语 won’t. 主动：Will they hold a party? 被动：Will a party be held? — Will a party be held? — Yes, it will. / No, it won’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + done? Where will the sports meeting be held?运动会将在哪里举办？ （二）be going to 结构（表计划） 肯定 The school is going to repair the library.（主动） The library is going to be repaired.（被动）图书馆打算被修缮。 否定 The bridge isn’t going to be finished soon.这座桥不会很快完工。 疑问 Are these letters going to be posted today?这些信打算今天寄出去吗？ 四、by 短语用法（中考阅读 / 写作考点） 被动句中，动作执行者用 by + 人 / 物，可省略。 主动：She will clean the room. 被动：The room will be cleaned by her. 日常写作中 by sb. 不强调人时直接删掉： The room will be cleaned. 五、时间标志词（看到就用将来被动） tomorrow, tomorrow morning next year /next month /next week in + 一段时间（in two days 两天后） soon, later, in the future this afternoon, tonight 六、常考动词过去分词（必背） build – built；send – sent；hold – held finish – finished；repair – repaired；plant – planted write – written；take – taken；make – made give – given；tell – told；use – used 七、中考三大易错陷阱（选择填空高频） ①漏 be 动词 错：The letter will send. 对：The letter will be sent. 解析：will 后被动必须加 be 原形 ②be 动词变形错误 错：Many trees will are planted. 对：Many trees will be planted. will 后只能用原形 be ③不及物动词乱用被动 happen, take place, appear, arrive 无被动 ❌ An accident will be happened. ✅ An accident will happen. 八、主动变被动万能步骤（做题专用） 找出主动句宾语，挪到句首作被动主语 确定将来时标志，套结构 will be done /be going to be done 原句主语放 by 后，可省略 动词改成过去分词 例题：We will clean our classroom after school. 步骤： ①宾语 our classroom 提前作主语 ②将来时 will be + clean 过去分词 cleaned ③by us 可省略 结果：Our classroom will be cleaned after school. 九、写作万能句型（作文提分） More trees will be planted to protect the environment.更多树木将会被种植来保护环境。 All homework will be checked by teachers tomorrow.所有作业明天将会被老师检查。 A new library is going to be built in our school next term.下学期我们学校将修建一座新图书馆。 一、单词拼写 1．New pop songs with folk rhythms ________ (create) in the coming music festival. 2．A new rocket ________ (launch) next month for moon research. 3．Lots of amazing space photos ________ (take) by Xuntian in the future. 4．More history knowledge ________ (learn) in Grade Nine. 5．The seeds ________ (spread) over the field tomorrow. 6．Space travel ________ (make) much easier in time. 7．As technology improves, more exoplanets ________ (find). 8．An article about space ________ (publish) next month. 9．The trip to the museum ________ (cancel) tomorrow. 10．More satellites ________ (position) in space next year. 二、单项选择 11．Many traditional musical instruments ________ in the music show next month. A．will show B．will be shown C．show D．are shown 12．—Will more satellites ________ next year? —Yes, scientists are preparing for it. A．launch B．launched C．be launched D．are launched 13．Many problems ________ before manned Mars missions start. A．will solve B．will be solved C．solved D．were solved 14．Humans ________ to Mars one day, I believe. A．will take B．will be taken C．take D．are taken 15．The 3D printer ________ to make houses in the future. A．uses B．is used C．will be used D．used 16．The Xuntian telescope ________ along with Tiangong. A．will move B．will be moved C．moves D．is moved 17．As technology improves, more exoplanets ________. A．will find B．will be found C．find D．are found 18．Will a new rocket ________ next month? A．launch B．be launched C．launching D．launched 19．An article about future space travel ________ next week. A．will publish B．will be published C．publishes D．published 20．The trip to the space museum ________ because of bad weather. A．will cancel B．will be cancelled C．cancels D．cancelled 三、选词填空 阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化 (可添加助动词或者情态动词)，填入空白处。 catch, cover, plant, do, enjoy, benefit, give, not set, wake, move, forget Many men over 50s enjoy nothing more than a bit of peace and quiet. But that is not the case for Wang Jiangang: while others 21 their easy life, he is busy planting trees in the Gobi Desert. Wang, a man in his sixties now, was born and raised in Beijing. He has everything a man could want — an apartment, a successful business and a happy family. Yet his decision to plant trees in the desert has made his life quite unusual. In June 2015, Wang went to Ejine of Inner Mongolia with some partners 22 a survey. On the day they arrived, a sandstorm 23 them. The dark yellow sand clouded the sky. “Our cars 24 by sand and stones, so we hid inside them,” he recalled. When the sandstorm finally stopped, he found there was nothing in the desert — no road, no grass. Wang and his partners started digging and planting trees in the same year. Wang chose suosuo, a drought and salinity-resistant (耐盐碱的)  tree, as the major plant he’d use in the desert. For years, they 25 up tents because of the heavy sandstorms. They had to drive about 200 kilometers to buy machine parts when their machines broke down, and they didn’t even have enough water, etc. However, none of these could make him 26 up. “I’ve always expected to achieve something bigger. That’s why I decided to build greenbelts in the desert,” Wang said. So far, Wang’s team 27 20,666 hectares (公顷) of suosuo. The first group of suosuo has grown to 2 meters high, and a single tree can fix 10 square meters of sand and prevent it from 28 . in the wind. Even now, he still 29 up at 5 a. m. every day to check the growth of the trees, a habit he has kept for nearly a decade. “Human life is short, but trees can live up to thousands of years. They 30 our children and our children’s children,” Wang said with satisfaction. 四、短文填空 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。 Animals are natural resources (自然资源) that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have 31 (kill) for their fur and feather, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals 32 (disappear) from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone 33 (consider) in danger. Why 34 people ________ (care)? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there 35 never ________ (be) any more. Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal 36 (cause) many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks (鹰), the farmers’ stores of corn and grain 37 (destroy) by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks 38 (keep) down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly. Luckily, some people 39 (work) to help save animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws 40 (protect) animals in danger. However, only 12 countries have passed laws. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing. 3、 单元写作 一、单元写作整体解读（紧扣新教材） 本单元主题为“A colorful World of Words（多彩的语言世界）”，核心围绕外语学习展开，贴合教材听说读写板块核心内容。单元写作核心考点为Learning a Foreign Language（学习一门外语），是中考高频书面表达话题。 写作核心考查方向：介绍学习外语的意义、分享个人外语学习方法、谈论学习中的困难与解决办法、阐述语言与文化的关联。写作要求：结构完整、逻辑清晰，熟练运用本单元词汇与句型，时态以一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 二、单元核心写作素材（教材同步必背） （一）重点核心词汇（教材原文词汇） official adj. 官方的；正式的 native adj. 本土的；母语的 widely adv. 广泛地 culture n. 文化 communicate v. 交流；沟通 improve v. 提升；改善 challenge n. & v. 挑战；考验 progress n. 进步 opportunity n. 机会 vocabulary n. 词汇 pronunciation n. 发音 practice v. & n. 练习 （二）高频短语（教材同步搭配） 1. official language 官方语言 2. native speaker 母语使用者 3. communicate with others 与他人交流 4. broaden one’s horizons 开阔眼界 5. make progress 取得进步 6. face challenges 面对挑战 7. in the future 在未来 8. last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 9. be widely used 被广泛使用 10. learn from mistakes 从错误中学习 （三）万能高分句型（教材改编+考场适配） 【开篇引入·介绍主题】 1. Learning a foreign language is one of the greatest wonders in our colorful world. 学习一门外语是多彩世界中最棒的事情之一。 2. With the development of the world, learning a foreign language has become more and more important. 随着世界的发展，学习外语变得愈发重要。 【主体段·学习意义】 1. It helps us communicate with people from different countries and understand different cultures. 它帮助我们与不同国家的人交流，了解多元文化。 2. A foreign language can bring us more chances to study and work in the future. 外语能为我们未来的学习和工作带来更多机会。 3. As China grows stronger, Chinese is widely used around the world, so learning foreign languages helps us connect with the world. 随着中国日益强大，汉语在全球被广泛使用，学习外语能让我们更好地接轨世界。 【主体段·学习方法】 1. The best way to learn a foreign language is to practice it every day. 学习外语最好的方法是坚持每日练习。 2. We should listen carefully in class and take notes to review knowledge in time. 我们上课要认真听讲、做好笔记，及时复习知识。 3.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Instead, we can learn valuable lessons from them. 不要害怕犯错，我们可以从错误中汲取宝贵经验。 【结尾总结·个人感悟】 1. I believe I will make great progress in foreign language learning with continuous practice. 我相信坚持练习，我一定能在外语学习中取得巨大进步。 2. Learning a foreign language is not easy, but it is meaningful and rewarding. 学习外语并不容易，但意义非凡、收获满满。 三、标准写作框架（三段式万能结构） 第一段：开篇点题（2-3句） 简单引出外语学习的重要性，点明文章主旨，可结合本单元“多彩语言世界”主题开篇，简洁自然，开门见山。 第二段：主体论述（4-6句） 核心分两点展开，逻辑清晰：① 学习外语的意义（交流、开阔眼界、助力未来发展）；② 个人实用学习方法（日常练习、课堂积累、不惧犯错、融入文化）。 第三段：结尾总结（2-3句） 总结学习感悟，表达坚持学习的决心，升华主题，贴合青少年成长视角。 四、满分范文精讲（贴合教材+中考标准） 作文题目 假如你是李华，你的英语老师布置了题为 My Ideas about Learning a Foreign Language 的短文写作。请你根据本单元所学，介绍学习外语的重要性、你的学习方法以及学习感悟，词数80-100。 满分范文 My Ideas about Learning a Foreign Language Our world is full of colorful languages, and learning a foreign language is really important for us. It is not only a useful skill but also a key to knowing different cultures. Learning a foreign language helps us communicate with native speakers from all over the world and broaden our horizons. It also provides us with more opportunities for future study and jobs. As for me, I have my own learning ways. I listen to English songs and read short passages every day to improve my vocabulary and pronunciation. In class, I take notes carefully and take an active part in group discussions. Besides, I never fear making mistakes, for mistakes are the best teachers. In a word, foreign language learning is challenging but meaningful. I will keep practicing and make steady progress in the future. 范文亮点解析 1. 贴合教材：全程使用单元核心词汇（native、vocabulary、pronunciation、challenge、progress）和教材改编句型，完全适配单元教学重点。 2. 逻辑满分：严格遵循“开篇点题—意义+方法—总结感悟”三段式结构，层次清晰。 3. 句式丰富：运用not only...but also...、besides、in a word等连接词，长短句结合，避免句式单一。 4. 语法准确：时态统一，主谓一致，无基础语法错误，符合中考评分标准。 五、高频易错点扣分警示（单元专属） 1. 词汇误用：German（德语/德国的）≠ Germany（德国），不可混用；widely 为副词，修饰动词，不可误用为 wide。 2. 固定搭配错误：正确 make progress（取得进步），无 make a progress；正确 be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事）。 3. 时态混乱：介绍学习方法、客观意义用一般现在时；讲述过往学习经历用一般过去时；展望未来用一般将来时，切忌混用。 4. 中式英语：避免 I very like learn English. 正确句式：I like learning English very much. 1．随着中国的发展，世界各地掀起了“汉语热”，作为中国人，我们更应该学好汉语。请以“My Chinese Learning”为题，写一篇短文。 内容包括： 1. Why should we learn Chinese well? 2. How can we become good Chinese learners? 写作要求：词数80—100；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 My Chinese Learning With the development of China, Chinese is __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．请以"The fun ways to learn English"为题, 根据以下要点和要求, 用英语写一篇短文, 向同学们分享一些有趣的学习英语的方法。 写作要点: 1. Do you have any interesting ways to learn English? 2. Why are these ways interesting? 3. How do you feel about these ways? 要求: 1. 短文应包括提示中所有的写作要点, 条理清楚, 行文连贯, 可适当发挥; 2. 短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名; 3. 词数 80～120。 参考词汇: suitable合适的, benefit得益于 The fun ways to learn English ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．目前很多学生整天忙于学习，成绩却不理想。请根据表格内容，结合自身实际，写一篇关于“怎样提高学习效率”的短文。 学习方法 1.listen to the teacher 2.takes notes 3.review in time 4.correct mistakes ... 体育锻炼 1.exercise ... 其他方面 1.make good use of time 2.ask sb. for help ... 要求： (1)短文应条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明，100词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数： (2)短文中不能出现真实的姓名、学校、地名等信息。 (3)短文应括全部信息，可围绕主题适当发挥。 How to Improve Our Study Efficiency A great number of students can’t finish their tasks, which leads to bad results and makes them less interested in their studies. How can we solve the problem? Here are some suggestions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you follow the advice that I have mentioned above, you will be successful. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $