第04讲 Unit 2语法(后缀-en和被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时))及单元写作(暑假预习讲义)新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

2026-07-23
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版九年级上册
年级 九年级
章节 Unit 2 Brilliant Thoughts
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 604 KB
发布时间 2026-07-23
更新时间 2026-07-23
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 上好课·暑假轻松学
审核时间 2026-07-23
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第04讲 语法(后缀-en和被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时))及写作 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向:预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知:情境概念深度构 考点精讲:聚焦常考要点,讲清逻辑 例题精析:典型题目带路,学会解题思路 即练固基:趁热打铁练一练,巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实:过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.掌握后缀-en构词规律,理解“使……、变得……”动词含义,熟练完成词形转换与语境运用。 2.熟记一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态结构,掌握肯/否/疑句式变化,分清主动、被动用法差异。 3.掌握“How to become an inventor”建议类写作的话题词汇、句型、行文结构和得分要点。 学习重点 1.构词核心:形容词/名词 + en → 及物动词(使……) 2. 语法重点:被动语态(一般现在/一般过去) 3. 写作重点:How to become an inventor 学习难点 1.词性混淆:分不清名词/形容词原形与-en动词,考试词性填空易错。 2.时态混淆:分不清“常态(现在被动)”和“过去事件(过去被动)”,be动词误用。 3. 写作难点: 逻辑混乱,不会分层,缺少过渡词。 后缀-en 一、考情说明 后缀-en是中考构词法高频考点,主要考查词性转换、词义辨析、单词拼写、完形填空词义判断,极少超纲。核心考查两大功能:形容词/名词变动词(使役含义)、名词变形容词(材质含义),同时区分易混点:后缀-en(构词)≠动词过去分词-en(时态变形)。 二、后缀-en 两大核心用法(中考必考) 用法1:形容词 + -en → 及物动词(最常考) 口诀:形容词/名词 + en = 动词(意为“使……”、“变得……”) 核心词义:使……变得……、使……化、变……(使役含义) 语法特征:转化后均为及物动词,可直接接宾语,主语多为人或事物。 这是中考最常考的词性转换点,通常放在句子的谓语位置。 原词(形/名) 加 -en 后(动词) 例句(中考高频语境) wide(宽的) widen(加宽) The road needs to be widened.(路需要加宽。) sharp(锋利的) sharpen(削尖;使敏锐) You can sharpen your pencil with this knife. deep(深的) deepen(加深) This event will deepen our friendship.(这件事将加深我们的友谊。) quick(快的) quicken(加快) His pulse quickened when he saw her. soft(软的) soften(软化) Please soften your tone.(请软化你的语气。) hard(硬的) harden(变硬) The glue will harden in an hour. short(adj. 短的) shorten(v. 缩短) We can shorten our study time and rest more.我们可以缩短学习时间,多休息一会儿。 bright(adj. 明亮的) brighten(v. 使明亮,点亮) The sun brightens the whole room.阳光点亮了整个房间。 dark(adj. 黑暗的) darken(v. 变暗,使变黑) The heavy clouds darkened the sky.厚厚的乌云让天空变暗了。 sweet(adj. 甜的) sweeten(v. 使变甜) You can add some honey to sweeten the tea.你可以加一点蜂蜜让茶变甜。 quick(adj. 快的) quicken(v. 加快) Please quicken your pace, or you will be late.请加快脚步,否则你会迟到。 ⚠️ 中考必杀技(特殊变形) 中考特殊变形(必记易错词) long(adj. 长的)→ lengthen(v. 延长,加长) strong(adj. 强壮的)→ strengthen(v. 加强,增强) fast(adj. 快的)→ fasten(v. 固定,系牢)(词义特殊,无“变快”含义) less(adj. 更少的)→ lessen(v. 减少,减轻) 真题例句 We need to widen the road to reduce traffic jams.我们需要拓宽道路以减少交通拥堵。 Exercise can strengthen our body and improve our health.运动可以增强体质、改善健康。 用法2:名词 + -en → 形容词(低频但必考) 口诀:名词 + en = 形容词(意为“由……制成/像……一样”) 核心词义:由……制成的、……材质的(强调材质、原料) 语法特征:转化后为形容词,作定语修饰名词,多用于描述物品材质。 原词(名) 加 -en 后(形) 例句(极易错) wood(木头) wooden(木制的) This is a wooden desk.(不能说 wood desk!) wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛制的) I need a woolen sweater. gold(金子) golden(金制的;金色的) She has golden hair.(注意:金鱼是 goldfish,但金发是 golden hair) silk(n. 丝绸) silken(adj. 丝质的,柔软光滑的) This dress feels silken and comfortable.这条裙子触感丝滑、十分舒适。 重点辨析:gold / golden gold:名词“黄金”;形容词“纯金的”(真实材质),例:a gold ring 金戒指 golden:形容词“金色的;美好的”(颜色、抽象含义),例:golden sunshine 金色阳光、golden age 黄金时代 三、中考超级易混点(高频陷阱) 1. 后缀-en(原形动词)VS 过去分词-en(变形) 核心误区:看到en结尾就当成过去分词,实则很多是动词原形。 区分口诀:词根是adj/n,加en变的词,都是动词原形,不是变形。 ❌ 错误:widen是wide的过去分词 ✅ 正确:widen(原形动词 拓宽),过去式/过去分词:widened 同理:shorten、strengthen、broaden 均为动词原形 2. 前缀en- VS 后缀-en(必考辨析) 很多学生混淆前后缀,中考常考词义辨析: - 后缀-en(词尾):adj/n → v 使……;n→adj ……制的 - 前缀en-(词首):使……、让……,只变动词,无形容词用法 前缀en-高频词:enable(使能够)、enlarge(扩大)、encourage(鼓励)、endanger(危及) 四、中考拼写解题技巧 1. 句意判断:句子出现“使、变得、拓宽、加深、增强”等使役含义,优先考虑加后缀-en变动词。 2. 词性判断:空格缺谓语动词,形容词词根→加en;空格缺定语形容词,材质名词词根→加en。 3. 特殊记忆:long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 两个特殊变形,单独背诵,考场零出错。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. We need to ________ (wide) the road to let more cars pass. 2. The teacher’s words ________ (strength) our confidence in our study yesterday. 3. Scientists try to ________ (deep) their research on new inventions. 4. Practicing every day can ________ (sharp) your skills of inventing things. 5. The new policy ________ (bright) the future of young inventors. 6. Too much smoke ________ (dark) the sky just now. 7. We should ________ (broad) our horizons by learning new things. 8. The new technology ________ (soft) the hard material successfully last year. 9. Kind words can ________ (sweet) people’s hearts. 10. The school wants ________ (wide) the playground for students. 11. They decided ________ (deep) the discussion about the new invention. 12. Hard work ________ (strength) our will and helps us succeed. 13. The teacher asked us ________ (broad) our knowledge after class. 14. Rain and wind ________ (dark) the color of the old wall many years ago. 15. We keep practicing to ________ (sharp) our creative thinking. 16. The worker ________ (soft) the metal before making a new tool yesterday. 17. Sharing ideas can ________ (sweet) the process of creative invention. 18. More reading will ________ (broad) your mind and improve your creativity. 19. We need training to ________ (strength) our ability of innovation. 20. The warm sunshine ________ (bright) the whole village every morning. 二、单项选择 1. We should read more books to ________ our knowledge and improve ourselves. A. rich  B. enrich  C. richness 2. The government decides to ________ the streets to reduce traffic jams. A. wide  B. widely  C. widen 3. Constant practice can ________ your skills and make you more creative. A. sharpen  B. sharp  C. sharply 4. Teamwork ________ our courage and helps us overcome difficulties. A. strength  B. strengthen  C. strengthened 5. Scientists keep on studying to ________ their research on new inventions. A. deep  B. deepen  C. depth 6. A positive mood can ________ our daily life and bring us happiness. A. bright  B. brighten  C. brightly 7. The heavy rain ________ the road and made it hard to walk last night. A. soften  B. soft  C. softened 8. Sharing warm stories can ________ people’s cold hearts. A. sweet  B. sweeten  C. sweetness 9. Travelling can ________ our horizons and enrich our life experience. A. broad  B. broaden  C. broadly 10. Thick clouds ________ the sky and it soon began to rain. A. darkened  B. dark  C. darkening 被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时) 语态概述 语态:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 两种时态的详细拆解 1. 一般现在时被动 (am/is/are done) 含义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或客观事实、普遍真理的被动状态。 be动词选择:取决于新主语的人称和单复数。 I → am He/She/It/单数名词 → is We/You/They/复数名词 → are 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day.(房间每天都被打扫) 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done? Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done? Where is the room cleaned? 2. 一般过去时被动 (was/were done) 含义:表示过去某个具体时间发生的被动动作,或过去存在的被动状态。 be动词选择:取决于新主语和过去时态。 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 → was We / You / They / 复数名词 → were 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + done The room was cleaned yesterday.(房间昨天被打扫了) 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + done The room was not cleaned yesterday. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done? Was the room cleaned yesterday? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done? When was the room cleaned? 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 被动语态的用法 1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。 4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted.招女工。 5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。 6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了。 一、单词拼写 1.Now the trip ________ (cut) to about four hours. 2.Students _________ (suppose) to keep quiet in the library and take good care of library books. 3.Lots of traditional songs ________ (enjoy) by visitors in the music museum every day. 4.The project is not _________ (complete) yet. 5.The Paralympic spirit ________ (speak) highly of by people around the world. 6.When he got home, he saw his dog ________ (lie) on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ (lay) on the table. 7.This beautiful piece of music ________ (write) by a local folk musician last year. 8.The children were deeply ________ (touch) by the kind-hearted stranger’s help. 9.Lots of useful things ________ (invent) by ancient Chinese people. 10.Paper ________ (make) from bark, plants, and old clothes in the past. 二、单项选择 11.Many old stories ________ to show how great ancient inventors were. A.tell B.are told C.told D.were telling 12.This kind of bike ________ in China, but it sells well all over the world. A.produces B.produced C.is produced D.was producing 13.Lots of useful inventions ________ every year to make our life easier. A.create B.are created C.created D.were created 14.The memory of how to ride a bike ________ in a stable area of the brain. A.store B.is stored C.storing D.stored 15.The cookies ________ for my grandson, so please don’t eat them. A.save B.are saved C.were saving D.have saved 16.The piece of erhu music ________ by Abing many years ago. A.creates B.created C.was created D.is created 17.The old railway line ________ in 1901, so trains ran very slowly years ago. A.completes B.completed C.was completed D.is completed 18.The motto “Together for a Shared Future” ________ by all Chinese people. A.loves B.loved C.is loved D.was loved 19.The Winter Olympics ________ held in Beijing in 2022. A.is B.are C.was D.were 20.The bridge ________ last year, and now it connects two small towns. A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds 三、完成句子 21.管道被用来保持地面坚硬。 Pipes ________ ________ to keep the ground hard. 22.需要创造性的想法来解决不同的问题。 Creative ideas ________ ________ to solve different problems. 23.文件被创建后发送到 3D 打印机。 A file ________ ________ and then ________ to the 3D printer. 24.物体首先在电脑上被设计出来。 The object ________ ________ on the computer first. 25.根据汉语提示完成句子 所有食物都由机器本身添加。 All the food ________ ________ by the machine itself. 26.便利贴是在一次意外中发明的。 Sticky notes ________ ________ by accident. 27.液体被倒在一个竹筛上。 The liquid ________ ________ over a bamboo screen. 28.所有的原料被混合在一起并在水中煮沸。 All the ingredients ________ ________ and boiled in water. 29.青藏铁路于 2006 年建成。 The Qinghai-Xizang Railway ________ ________ in 2006. 30.山上曾经覆盖着沙子,现在覆盖着美丽的树木。 The hills ________ ________ ________ ________ with sand, but now they are covered with beautiful trees. 四、短文填空 阅读短文,填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Music is a special language without words. Traditional Chinese folk music 31 (love) by people of all ages. Erhu, one of the most famous instruments, 32 (use) to play sad and warm music. Erquan Yingyue 33 (produce) deep feelings every time it 34 (play). It 35 (make) Abing well-known all over the world. Now traditional rhythms 36 (mix) with modern pop music to attract teenagers. Many young singers write songs 37 carry old folk styles. These new works 38 (show) on big stages every year. We all believe that as long as traditional music 39 (protect) well, the beautiful rhythm of our culture 40 (remember) forever. 单元写作 写作题目:How to become an inventor 一、教材定位与审题(Reading for Writing 原文配套写作) 1. 话题主题 单元主题:伟大发明、发明家、创新思维;写作任务:给中学生提建议,如何成为发明家(说明文 / 建议类作文) 2. 文体、人称、时态 文体:建议类议论文(总分总) 人称:以第二人称 you 为主 时态:主体一般现在时(提建议);结尾用 if 条件句主将从现 词数要求:80–110 词(考场标准) 3. 教材给出 4 大写作步骤(课本原文要点) Step1 Start your idea with a need or problem 从生活需求 / 难题寻找灵感 Step2 Search online for more information 上网查阅资料 Step3 Try something else if there’s already a similar invention 已有同类发明就创新改良 Step4 Make plans, test ideas, face difficulties and never give up 制定方案、实践、不惧失败 4. 写作必包含 4 大得分要点 细心观察生活,发现待解决问题 积累知识、查阅资料、大胆创新 动手实践、制定方案、遇到困难主动求助 坚持不懈,不畏惧失败 二、单元核心词汇 & 短语(作文必用) 名词 inventor n. 发明家;invention n. 发明;creativity n. 创造力;curiosity n. 好奇心;problem n. 难题;plan n. 方案;knowledge n. 知识;failure n. 失败;step-stones 垫脚石;prototype 原型模型 动词短语 come up with new ideas 想出新点子 search for information 查阅资料 carry out the plan 实施计划 make improvements 做出改进 draw out ideas 画出构思 keep on trying 坚持尝试 never give up 永不放弃 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 deal with difficulties 应对困难 衔接过渡词(分层提分) First of all 首先;Next 其次;And then 然后;Most importantly 最重要的是;In a word 总之 三、万能句型(课本原句 + 拓展,直接背诵) 开头引入(2 选 1) Do you want to be an inventor? Here are some useful suggestions for you.(教材原文) Everyone can be an inventor if we work hard. Let me tell you how to make it. 主体分层建议句(对应课本 4 步骤) First of all, we should look carefully at daily life and find problems to solve. 首先,我们要仔细观察生活,找到需要解决的问题。 Next, we need to search online for much useful information to support our ideas. 其次,我们需要上网查找大量有用资料支撑想法。 If there are similar inventions, we must try our best to make new changes and improvements. 如果已有相似发明,我们要尽力做出创新改良。 And then, draw your ideas on paper and make a clear plan before you start. 然后动笔画出构思,开工前制定清晰方案。 When you meet troubles, turn to teachers, parents or friends for help. 遇到困难时,向老师、父母或朋友求助。 Most importantly, never give up no matter how many times you fail. Difficulties are just stepping-stones toward success.(教材原句) 最重要的是,无论失败多少次都不要放弃,困难只是通往成功的垫脚石。 结尾升华(if 主将从现,单元语法考点) If you dream big and keep working hard, you will become a great inventor one day.(教材原句) As long as you stay creative and persistent, your invention will come true in the future. 四、标准三段式写作框架(总分总,考场模板) 第一段:开头(引入话题,1–2 句) 设问引出主题,说明下文要分享方法。 模板句:Do you want to become an inventor? Many students have this dream. Here is some advice to help you. 第二段:主体(分 3–4 层提建议,文章核心) 用 First of all / Next / And then / Most importantly 分层,紧扣课本四大步骤,加入细节:观察生活→查资料→改良创新→实践坚持。 第三段:结尾(总结升华,1–2 句) 总结坚持与创新的重要性,用 if 条件句展望未来。 五、考场升级版高分范文(95 词,适配考试) How to become an inventor Do you want to be an excellent inventor? It’s not difficult if you follow these suggestions. First of all, you must be good at observing daily life and find small problems to solve. Most great inventions come from people’s real needs. Next, search for plenty of knowledge online to support your ideas. If similar inventions exist, try to create new improvements to make yours different. And then, draw your ideas and carry out your plan bravely. When you fail, don’t feel upset and ask others for advice. Most importantly, never give up. Failure teaches us more experience. If you keep creative and stick to your dream, you will make amazing inventions one day. 六、写作提分技巧(结合本单元语法:被动语态) 本单元核心语法:一般现在时 / 一般过去时被动语态,作文适当融入加分 Many small problems are found in our daily life.(一般现在时被动) Lots of useful information can be searched on the Internet. Some old inventions were improved by great inventors years ago.(一般过去时被动) 示例改写: 普通句:We find problems in life. 高分句:Many useful ideas are found from small problems in daily life. 1.发明改变了世界,长大后你想当一名发明家吗?作为一名中学生,你应该怎样做?请根据以下提示,以“How to become an inventor”为题写一篇90词左右的英语短文。 提示: 1.努力学习是基础。 2.兴趣是最好的老师。 3.需要创新(creativity)。 4.持之以恒,永不放弃。 How to become an inventor _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.发明改变了世界,长大后你想当一名发明家吗?作为一名中学生,你应该怎样做?请根据以下提示,以“How to become an inventor”为题写一篇90词左右的英语短文。 提示: 1. 努力学习是基础; 2. 兴趣是最好的老师; 3. 需要创新; 4. 持之以恒,永不放弃。 注意:1. 词数 80~100; 2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称; 4. 短文题目已给出,不计入总词数。 How to become an inventor ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 语法(后缀-en和被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时))及写作 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向:预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知:情境概念深度构 考点精讲:聚焦常考要点,讲清逻辑 例题精析:典型题目带路,学会解题思路 即练固基:趁热打铁练一练,巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实:过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.掌握后缀-en构词规律,理解“使……、变得……”动词含义,熟练完成词形转换与语境运用。 2.熟记一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态结构,掌握肯/否/疑句式变化,分清主动、被动用法差异。 3.掌握“How to become an inventor”建议类写作的话题词汇、句型、行文结构和得分要点。 学习重点 1.构词核心:形容词/名词 + en → 及物动词(使……) 2. 语法重点:被动语态(一般现在/一般过去) 3. 写作重点:How to become an inventor 学习难点 1.词性混淆:分不清名词/形容词原形与-en动词,考试词性填空易错。 2.时态混淆:分不清“常态(现在被动)”和“过去事件(过去被动)”,be动词误用。 3. 写作难点: 逻辑混乱,不会分层,缺少过渡词。 后缀-en 一、考情说明 后缀-en是中考构词法高频考点,主要考查词性转换、词义辨析、单词拼写、完形填空词义判断,极少超纲。核心考查两大功能:形容词/名词变动词(使役含义)、名词变形容词(材质含义),同时区分易混点:后缀-en(构词)≠动词过去分词-en(时态变形)。 二、后缀-en 两大核心用法(中考必考) 用法1:形容词 + -en → 及物动词(最常考) 口诀:形容词/名词 + en = 动词(意为“使……”、“变得……”) 核心词义:使……变得……、使……化、变……(使役含义) 语法特征:转化后均为及物动词,可直接接宾语,主语多为人或事物。 这是中考最常考的词性转换点,通常放在句子的谓语位置。 原词(形/名) 加 -en 后(动词) 例句(中考高频语境) wide(宽的) widen(加宽) The road needs to be widened.(路需要加宽。) sharp(锋利的) sharpen(削尖;使敏锐) You can sharpen your pencil with this knife. deep(深的) deepen(加深) This event will deepen our friendship.(这件事将加深我们的友谊。) quick(快的) quicken(加快) His pulse quickened when he saw her. soft(软的) soften(软化) Please soften your tone.(请软化你的语气。) hard(硬的) harden(变硬) The glue will harden in an hour. short(adj. 短的) shorten(v. 缩短) We can shorten our study time and rest more.我们可以缩短学习时间,多休息一会儿。 bright(adj. 明亮的) brighten(v. 使明亮,点亮) The sun brightens the whole room.阳光点亮了整个房间。 dark(adj. 黑暗的) darken(v. 变暗,使变黑) The heavy clouds darkened the sky.厚厚的乌云让天空变暗了。 sweet(adj. 甜的) sweeten(v. 使变甜) You can add some honey to sweeten the tea.你可以加一点蜂蜜让茶变甜。 quick(adj. 快的) quicken(v. 加快) Please quicken your pace, or you will be late.请加快脚步,否则你会迟到。 ⚠️ 中考必杀技(特殊变形) 中考特殊变形(必记易错词) long(adj. 长的)→ lengthen(v. 延长,加长) strong(adj. 强壮的)→ strengthen(v. 加强,增强) fast(adj. 快的)→ fasten(v. 固定,系牢)(词义特殊,无“变快”含义) less(adj. 更少的)→ lessen(v. 减少,减轻) 真题例句 We need to widen the road to reduce traffic jams.我们需要拓宽道路以减少交通拥堵。 Exercise can strengthen our body and improve our health.运动可以增强体质、改善健康。 用法2:名词 + -en → 形容词(低频但必考) 口诀:名词 + en = 形容词(意为“由……制成/像……一样”) 核心词义:由……制成的、……材质的(强调材质、原料) 语法特征:转化后为形容词,作定语修饰名词,多用于描述物品材质。 原词(名) 加 -en 后(形) 例句(极易错) wood(木头) wooden(木制的) This is a wooden desk.(不能说 wood desk!) wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛制的) I need a woolen sweater. gold(金子) golden(金制的;金色的) She has golden hair.(注意:金鱼是 goldfish,但金发是 golden hair) silk(n. 丝绸) silken(adj. 丝质的,柔软光滑的) This dress feels silken and comfortable.这条裙子触感丝滑、十分舒适。 重点辨析:gold / golden gold:名词“黄金”;形容词“纯金的”(真实材质),例:a gold ring 金戒指 golden:形容词“金色的;美好的”(颜色、抽象含义),例:golden sunshine 金色阳光、golden age 黄金时代 三、中考超级易混点(高频陷阱) 1. 后缀-en(原形动词)VS 过去分词-en(变形) 核心误区:看到en结尾就当成过去分词,实则很多是动词原形。 区分口诀:词根是adj/n,加en变的词,都是动词原形,不是变形。 ❌ 错误:widen是wide的过去分词 ✅ 正确:widen(原形动词 拓宽),过去式/过去分词:widened 同理:shorten、strengthen、broaden 均为动词原形 2. 前缀en- VS 后缀-en(必考辨析) 很多学生混淆前后缀,中考常考词义辨析: - 后缀-en(词尾):adj/n → v 使……;n→adj ……制的 - 前缀en-(词首):使……、让……,只变动词,无形容词用法 前缀en-高频词:enable(使能够)、enlarge(扩大)、encourage(鼓励)、endanger(危及) 四、中考拼写解题技巧 1. 句意判断:句子出现“使、变得、拓宽、加深、增强”等使役含义,优先考虑加后缀-en变动词。 2. 词性判断:空格缺谓语动词,形容词词根→加en;空格缺定语形容词,材质名词词根→加en。 3. 特殊记忆:long→lengthen、strong→strengthen 两个特殊变形,单独背诵,考场零出错。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. We need to ________ (wide) the road to let more cars pass. 【答案】widen 【解析】句意:我们需要拓宽道路,让更多车辆通行。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词wide加后缀-en变为动词widen,意为“拓宽、加宽”。need to后接动词原形,故填widen。 2. The teacher’s words ________ (strength) our confidence in our study yesterday. 【答案】strengthened 【解析】句意:老师的话昨天增强了我们的学习信心。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般过去时,名词strength加-en变为动词strengthen,意为“增强、加强”。时间状语yesterday提示本句为一般过去时,故填strengthened。 3. Scientists try to ________ (deep) their research on new inventions. 【答案】deepen 【解析】句意:科学家们努力深化新发明的相关研究。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词deep加后缀-en变为动词deepen,意为“深化、加深”。try to do sth.为固定搭配,后接动词原形,故填deepen。 4. Practicing every day can ________ (sharp) your skills of inventing things. 【答案】sharpen 【解析】 句意:每天练习可以提升你的发明技能。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词sharp加后缀-en变为动词sharpen,意为“精进、提升”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故填sharpen。 5. The new policy ________ (bright) the future of young inventors. 【答案】brightens 【解析】句意:新政策点亮了年轻发明家的未来。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般现在时,形容词bright加后缀-en变为动词brighten,意为“使明亮、点亮”。句子为一般现在时,主语为单数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填brightens。 6. Too much smoke ________ (dark) the sky just now. 【答案】darkened 【解析】句意:刚才大量的烟雾使天空变暗了。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般过去时,形容词dark加后缀-en变为动词darken,意为“使变暗”。时间状语just now提示本句为一般过去时,故填darkened。 7. We should ________ (broad) our horizons by learning new things. 【答案】broaden 【解析】句意:我们应该通过学习新事物拓宽视野。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词broad加后缀-en变为动词broaden,意为“拓宽、开阔”。情态动词should后接动词原形,故填broaden。 8. The new technology ________ (soft) the hard material successfully last year. 【答案】softened 【解析】句意:这项新技术去年成功软化了硬质材料。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般过去时,形容词soft加后缀-en变为动词soften,意为“使软化”。时间状语last year提示本句为一般过去时,故填softened。 9. Kind words can ________ (sweet) people’s hearts. 【答案】sweeten 【解析】句意:善意的话语能温暖人心。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词sweet加后缀-en变为动词sweeten,意为“使甜蜜、温暖”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故填sweeten。 10. The school wants ________ (wide) the playground for students. 【答案】to widen 【解析】句意:学校想要为学生扩建操场。本题考查后缀-en构词法和固定搭配,形容词wide变形为动词widen。want to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“想要做某事”,故填to widen。 11. They decided ________ (deep) the discussion about the new invention. 【答案】to deepen 【解析】句意:他们决定深化关于这项新发明的讨论。本题考查后缀-en构词法和固定搭配,形容词deep变形为动词deepen。decide to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”,故填to deepen。 12. Hard work ________ (strength) our will and helps us succeed. 【答案】strengthens 【解析】句意:努力拼搏磨砺意志,助力我们成功。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般现在时,名词strength变形为动词strengthen。并列谓语helps提示句子为一般现在时,主语为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,故填strengthens。 13. The teacher asked us ________ (broad) our knowledge after class. 【答案】to broaden 【解析】句意:老师要求我们课后拓宽知识面。本题考查后缀-en构词法和固定搭配,形容词broad变形为动词broaden。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“要求某人做某事”,故填to broaden。 14. Rain and wind ________ (dark) the color of the old wall many years ago. 【答案】darkened 【解析】句意:多年的风雨使旧墙的颜色变深了。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般过去时,形容词dark变形为动词darken。时间状语many years ago提示本句为一般过去时,故填darkened。 15. We keep practicing to ________ (sharp) our creative thinking. 【答案】sharpen 【解析】句意:我们坚持练习,精进创新思维。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词sharp变形为动词sharpen。不定式to后接动词原形,故填sharpen。 16. The worker ________ (soft) the metal before making a new tool yesterday. 【答案】softened 【解析】句意:这名工人昨天在制作新工具前软化了金属。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般过去时,形容词soft变形为动词soften。时间状语yesterday提示本句为一般过去时,故填softened。 17. Sharing ideas can ________ (sweet) the process of creative invention. 【答案】sweeten 【解析】句意:分享想法可以让创新发明的过程变得美好。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词sweet变形为动词sweeten。情态动词can后接动词原形,故填sweeten。 18. More reading will ________ (broad) your mind and improve your creativity. 【答案】broaden 【解析】句意:多阅读会开阔你的眼界,提升你的创造力。本题考查后缀-en构词法,形容词broad加-en变为动词broaden,意为“开阔、拓宽”。助动词will后接动词原形,故填broaden。 19. We need training to ________ (strength) our ability of innovation. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】句意:我们需要通过训练增强自己的创新能力。本题考查后缀-en构词法,名词strength变形为动词strengthen,意为“增强、强化”。need to后接动词原形,故填strengthen。 20. The warm sunshine ________ (bright) the whole village every morning. 【答案】brightens 【解析】 句意:温暖的阳光每天清晨照亮整个村庄。本题考查后缀-en构词法和一般现在时,形容词bright变形为动词brighten。every morning提示为一般现在时,主语为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填brightens。 二、单项选择 1. We should read more books to ________ our knowledge and improve ourselves. A. rich  B. enrich  C. richness 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我们应该多读书来丰富知识、提升自我。rich为形容词“丰富的”;enrich为后缀-en构成的动词“丰富”;richness为名词“丰富”。不定式符号to后需接动词原形,故选B。 2. The government decides to ________ the streets to reduce traffic jams. A. wide  B. widely  C. widen 【答案】C 【解析】句意:政府决定拓宽街道以减少交通拥堵。wide是形容词“宽阔的”;widely是副词“广泛地”;widen是后缀-en构成的动词“拓宽”。decide to do sth.后接动词原形,故选C。 3. Constant practice can ________ your skills and make you more creative. A. sharpen  B. sharp  C. sharply 【答案】A 【解析】句意:持续的练习可以精进你的技能,让你更有创造力。sharp是形容词“锋利的、精湛的”;sharply是副词“急剧地”;sharpen是后缀-en构成的动词“精进、使锐利”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故选A。 4. Teamwork ________ our courage and helps us overcome difficulties. A. strength  B. strengthen  C. strengthened 【答案】B 【解析】句意:团队合作增强我们的勇气,帮助我们克服困难。strength是名词“力量”;strengthen是后缀-en构成的动词“增强”。本句为一般现在时,主语为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故选B。 5. Scientists keep on studying to ________ their research on new inventions. A. deep  B. deepen  C. depth 【答案】B 【解析】句意:科学家持续研究,深化新发明的相关研究。deep是形容词“深的”;depth是名词“深度”;deepen是后缀-en构成的动词“深化、加深”。不定式to后接动词原形,故选B。 6. A positive mood can ________ our daily life and bring us happiness. A. bright  B. brighten  C. brightly 【答案】B 【解析】句意:积极的心态可以点亮我们的日常生活,带给我们快乐。bright是形容词“明亮的”;brightly是副词“明亮地”;brighten是后缀-en构成的动词“使明亮、点亮”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故选B。 7. The heavy rain ________ the road and made it hard to walk last night. A. soften  B. soft  C. softened 【答案】C 【解析】句意:昨晚大雨软化了路面,导致行走困难。soft是形容词“柔软的”;soften是动词原形“软化”。时间状语last night提示时态为一般过去时,需用动词过去式softened,故选C。 8. Sharing warm stories can ________ people’s cold hearts. A. sweet  B. sweeten  C. sweetness 【答案】B 【解析】句意:分享温暖的故事可以温暖人们冰冷的内心。sweet是形容词“甜蜜的”;sweetness是名词“甜蜜”;sweeten是后缀-en构成的动词“使温暖、使甜蜜”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故选B。 9. Travelling can ________ our horizons and enrich our life experience. A. broad  B. broaden  C. broadly 【答案】B 【解析】句意:旅行可以拓宽我们的视野,丰富人生阅历。broad是形容词“宽阔的”;broadly是副词“广泛地”;broaden是后缀-en构成的动词“拓宽、开阔”。情态动词can后接动词原形,故选B。 10. Thick clouds ________ the sky and it soon began to rain. A. darkened  B. dark  C. darkening 【答案】A 【解析】句意:厚厚的云层使天空变暗,很快就下起了雨。dark是形容词“黑暗的”。并列谓语began提示本句为一般过去时,需用darken的过去式darkened,表“使变暗”,故选A。 被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时) 语态概述 语态:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 两种时态的详细拆解 1. 一般现在时被动 (am/is/are done) 含义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作,或客观事实、普遍真理的被动状态。 be动词选择:取决于新主语的人称和单复数。 I → am He/She/It/单数名词 → is We/You/They/复数名词 → are 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day.(房间每天都被打扫) 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + done The room is not cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done? Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done? Where is the room cleaned? 2. 一般过去时被动 (was/were done) 含义:表示过去某个具体时间发生的被动动作,或过去存在的被动状态。 be动词选择:取决于新主语和过去时态。 I / He / She / It / 单数名词 → was We / You / They / 复数名词 → were 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + done The room was cleaned yesterday.(房间昨天被打扫了) 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + done The room was not cleaned yesterday. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + done? Was the room cleaned yesterday? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + done? When was the room cleaned? 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are+ done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year.每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were+ done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 被动语态的用法 1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers.这座新楼正在由工人们建造。 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 3.出于礼貌措辞等原因不愿说出动作执行者是谁。 Enough has been said here of this question.关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。 4.文章标题、广告、新闻标题等常用省略助动词be的被动语态。 Girls Wanted.招女工。 5.在上下文中,为了使句子间衔接紧密常用被动语态。 The headmaster often talked to the students and was always listened to attentively.  校长经常和学生们谈话,学生们总是留心听他讲。 6.固定句式中常用被动语态,如It is said that……(据说……),It is/was reported that……(据报道),It is well-known that……(众所周知……)等。 It is said that she is 109 years old.据说她已经109岁了。 一、单词拼写 1.Now the trip ________ (cut) to about four hours. 【答案】is cut 【详解】句意:现在这段行程被缩短至大约四小时。主语the trip和动词cut是被动关系,now为一般现在时标志,一般现在时被动结构为am/is/are+过去分词,主语单数,填is cut。 2.Students _________ (suppose) to keep quiet in the library and take good care of library books. 【答案】are supposed 【详解】句意:学生应该在图书馆保持安静,并妥善保管图书馆的书籍。主语Students与动词suppose之间是被动关系,be supposed to do sth“应该做某事”,是固定搭配;本句描述图书馆的规则,属于客观常态,用一般现在时,主语Students是复数,be动词用are。 3.Lots of traditional songs ________ (enjoy) by visitors in the music museum every day. 【答案】are enjoyed 【详解】句意:音乐博物馆里的许多传统歌曲每天都被游客喜爱。every day是一般现在时标志,songs和enjoy是被动关系,主语为复数,用一般现在时被动语态are enjoyed。 4.The project is not _________ (complete) yet. 【答案】completed 【详解】句意:该项目尚未被完成。句子主语The project(项目)和括号内的动词complete(完成)是被动关系,即“项目被完成”,本句是被动语态,结构为be动词+过去分词,complete的过去分词是completed。 5.The Paralympic spirit ________ (speak) highly of by people around the world. 【答案】is spoken 【详解】句意:残奥精神受到全世界人民的高度赞扬。speak highly of“高度赞扬”,与主语The Paralympic spirit构成被动关系,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,故填is spoken。 6.When he got home, he saw his dog ________ (lie) on the floor and a bottle of wine was ________ (lay) on the table. 【答案】 lying laid 【详解】句意:当他到家时,他看见他的狗正躺在地板上,一瓶酒被放在桌子上。此处强调狗正躺在地板上,“see sb. doing sth.”为固定搭配,意为“看见某人正在做某事”,lie的现在分词是lying,意为“躺”;后半句中“a bottle of wine”与“lay(放置)”之间是被动关系,此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态,lay的过去分词是laid。 7.This beautiful piece of music ________ (write) by a local folk musician last year. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意:这首优美的乐曲是去年由一位当地民间音乐家创作的。根据句意可知,句子的主语This beautiful piece of music是动作的承受者, 句中by a local folk musician 是动作的发起者,该句应该使用被动语态。结合句中时间状语last year可知,表示动作发生在过去,时态应该为一般过去时被动语态:was/were + 过去分词。因为主语This beautiful piece of music 是单数,be动词应该用单数was;动词write应该用过去分词written。故填was written。 8.The children were deeply ________ (touch) by the kind-hearted stranger’s help. 【答案】touched 【详解】句意:孩子们深受这位善良陌生人的帮助感动。本句主语是动作的承受者,此处动词与were一起构成一般过去时的被动语态,此处用所给词的过去分词touched。 9.Lots of useful things ________ (invent) by ancient Chinese people. 【答案】were invented 【详解】句意:许多有用的东西是古代中国人发明的。主语Lots of useful things与invent之间为被动关系,且描述过去事实,应用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为复数,应填were invented。   10.Paper ________ (make) from bark, plants, and old clothes in the past. 【答案】was made 【详解】句意:纸张由树皮、植物和旧衣服制成。一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were+动词过去分词;主语Paper为不可数名词,搭配was,make的过去分词是made。 二、单项选择 11.Many old stories ________ to show how great ancient inventors were. A.tell B.are told C.told D.were telling 【答案】B 【详解】句意:许多古老的故事被讲述以展示古代发明家有多么伟大。主语“Many old stories”与动词“tell”之间为被动关系(故事被讲述),且描述一般事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选用are told。 12.This kind of bike ________ in China, but it sells well all over the world. A.produces B.produced C.is produced D.was producing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这种自行车产自中国,但在世界各地都很畅销。主语“This kind of bike”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系,且后半句“sells”表明时态为一般现在时,因此用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are+动词过去分词,主语为单数,be动词用is,produce的过去分词是produced,即is produced。 13.Lots of useful inventions ________ every year to make our life easier. A.create B.are created C.created D.were created 【答案】B 【详解】句意:每年都有许多有用的发明被创造出来,使我们的生活更轻松。 根据时间状语“every year”可知句子时态为一般现在时;主语“Lots of useful inventions”是复数名词,且与动词create之间是被动关系,应用被动语态结构“are+过去分词”。应填are created。 14.The memory of how to ride a bike ________ in a stable area of the brain. A.store B.is stored C.storing D.stored 【答案】B 【详解】句意:如何骑自行车的记忆被储存在大脑的一个稳定区域。   本句主语“The memory”是“记忆”,记忆不能自己主动“储存”,而是“被储存”,因此需要用被动语态。且描述客观事实,用一般现在时,故结构为“is+过去分词”,所以应填is stored。 15.The cookies ________ for my grandson, so please don’t eat them. A.save B.are saved C.were saving D.have saved 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这些饼干是留给我孙子的,所以请不要吃它们。句中主语“The cookies”和动词“save”是被动关系,意为饼干被留存,后半句“please don’t eat them”为一般现在时,对应使用一般现在时的被动语态“are saved”。 16.The piece of erhu music ________ by Abing many years ago. A.creates B.created C.was created D.is created 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这首二胡乐曲是许多年前被阿炳创作的。根据“by Abing”可知主语与动词之间是被动关系,应用被动语态:be+过去分词;时间状语“many years ago”提示句子为一般过去时,be动词用was,应选用was created。 17.The old railway line ________ in 1901, so trains ran very slowly years ago. A.completes B.completed C.was completed D.is completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这条旧铁路线于1901年建成,所以多年前火车运行得很慢。A项和B项是主动语态,C项和D项是被动语态。主语“The old railway line”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,排除A、B;根据时间状语“in 1901”可知时态为一般过去时,排除D。 18.The motto “Together for a Shared Future” ________ by all Chinese people. A.loves B.loved C.is loved D.was loved 【答案】C 【详解】句意:口号“一起向未来”被所有中国人喜爱。loves(主动语态); loved(过去式或过去分词);is loved(一般现在时被动语态);was loved(一般过去时被动语态)。根据句末by可知主语与动词之间是被动关系,需用be done结构,排除A、B;陈述客观事实用一般现在时,排除D。故选C。 19.The Winter Olympics ________ held in Beijing in 2022. A.is B.are C.was D.were 【答案】C 【详解】句意:2022年冬季奥运会在北京举行了。“in 2022”表明时态为一般过去时,主语“The Winter Olympics”与动词“hold”之间是被动关系,“The Winter Olympics”在这里指一届完整的赛事,是单数概念,谓语要用单数过去式was。 20.The bridge ________ last year, and now it connects two small towns. A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这座桥是去年建造的,现在它连接着两个小镇。根据“last year”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“The bridge”与动词“build”之间为被动关系“桥被建造”,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选用was built。 三、完成句子 21.管道被用来保持地面坚硬。 Pipes ________ ________ to keep the ground hard. 【答案】 are used 【详解】原句中“被用来”是关键词,表示“被用来做某事”的英文被动结构是“be used to do”。本句为一般现在时被动语态,描述管道保持地面坚硬的事实。主语“Pipes”为复数,故助动词用“are”。 22.需要创造性的想法来解决不同的问题。 Creative ideas ________ ________ to solve different problems. 【答案】 are needed 【详解】原句中“需要”是关键词,表示“需要”的动词是need。主语Creative ideas(创造性想法)和need之间是被动关系,要用被动语态be needed;句子描述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语ideas是复数,be动词选用are。 23.文件被创建后发送到 3D 打印机。 A file ________ ________ and then ________ to the 3D printer. 【答案】 is created sent 【详解】原句中“被创建”和“被发送”是关键信息。文件与“创建”之间为被动关系,故用被动语态be created;文件与“发送”之间也为被动关系,用be sent。描述客观流程用一般现在时,主语A file为单数,be动词用is。and then连接两个并列被动谓语,第二个be动词可省略,只保留过去分词sent。应填is;created;sent。 24.物体首先在电脑上被设计出来。 The object ________ ________ on the computer first. 【答案】 is designed 【详解】原句中“被设计出来”是关键词,表示“被设计出来”的短语是be designed。本句为一般现在时,描述客观制作流程,主语The object是单数,be动词用is。 25.根据汉语提示完成句子 所有食物都由机器本身添加。 All the food ________ ________ by the machine itself. 【答案】 is added 【详解】原句中的“添加”是关键词,表示“添加”用add,此处表示所有的食物被添加,用被动语态,主语all the food是不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数形式,助动词用is,构成被动语态is added。 26.便利贴是在一次意外中发明的。 Sticky notes ________ ________ by accident. 【答案】 were invented 【详解】原句中“被发明”是关键词,表示“发明”的动词是invent。主语Sticky notes与invent之间为被动关系,本句描述过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”,主语是复数,be动词用were,invent的过去分词为invented。 27.液体被倒在一个竹筛上。 The liquid ________ ________ over a bamboo screen. 【答案】 was poured 【详解】原句中“被倒在”是关键词。根据“被”可知,本句用被动语态;根据句意,可知句子描述已经发生的事,应用一般过去时,被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”;主语The liquid是不可数名词,be动词用was;“倒”可用动词pour表示,过去分词是poured。 28.所有的原料被混合在一起并在水中煮沸。 All the ingredients ________ ________ and boiled in water. 【答案】 were mixed 【详解】原句中“被混合”是关键词,表示“混合”用动词mix,“被”提示用被动语态,根据boiled,可知用一般过去时的被动语态描述过去发生的动作,主语“ingredients”是复数,谓语结构用“were+动词的过去分词”,mix的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed。 29.青藏铁路于 2006 年建成。 The Qinghai-Xizang Railway ________ ________ in 2006. 【答案】 was completed 【详解】原句关键词为“建成”。“建成”可以表达为complete,与主语“The Qinghai-Xizang Railway”之间是被动关系,又由时间状语“in 2006”可知,该句应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为单数,be动词用was,complete的过去分词为completed。 30.山上曾经覆盖着沙子,现在覆盖着美丽的树木。 The hills ________ ________ ________ ________ with sand, but now they are covered with beautiful trees. 【答案】 used to be covered 【详解】原句中“曾经覆盖着”是关键词,根据中文“曾经”以及后半句的“but now...”(但是现在)可知,前半句描述的是过去的状态,且现在已改变。英语中常用used to来表示“曾经”或“过去常常”。根据语境,此处为被动语态,表示“被……覆盖”,固定短语是be covered with,used to后接动词原形be。 四、短文填空 阅读短文,填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Music is a special language without words. Traditional Chinese folk music 31 (love) by people of all ages. Erhu, one of the most famous instruments, 32 (use) to play sad and warm music. Erquan Yingyue 33 (produce) deep feelings every time it 34 (play). It 35 (make) Abing well-known all over the world. Now traditional rhythms 36 (mix) with modern pop music to attract teenagers. Many young singers write songs 37 carry old folk styles. These new works 38 (show) on big stages every year. We all believe that as long as traditional music 39 (protect) well, the beautiful rhythm of our culture 40 (remember) forever. 【答案】 31.is loved 32.is used 33.produces 34.is played 35.made 36.are mixed 37.that/which 38.are shown 39.is protected 40.will be remembered 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统民乐的魅力、二胡名曲《二泉映月》的影响力,以及传统音乐与现代流行音乐融合的现状和对未来的期许。 【详解】31.句意:中国传统民乐受到各个年龄段人们的喜爱。此处作谓语;主语Traditional Chinese folk music是不可数名词,且与动词love之间是被动关系(被人们喜爱)。描述普遍事实,应该用一般现在时,故填is loved。 32.句意:二胡是最著名的乐器之一,常被用来演奏悲伤而温暖的音乐。此处作谓语;主语Erhu是单数,与动词use之间是被动关系。固定搭配be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”,故填is used。 33.句意:每次演奏《二泉映月》时,它都能唤起人们内心深处的共鸣(产生深厚的情感)。此处作谓语;主语Erquan Yingyue是单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。这里表示这首曲子每次演奏时“产生/唤起”情感的客观事实,故填produces。 34.句意:每次演奏《二泉映月》时,它都能唤起人们内心深处的共鸣(产生深厚的情感)。every time引导时间状语从句,此处作从句的谓语;主语it与动词play之间是被动关系(被演奏),故填is played。 35.句意:它让阿炳在全世界闻名。此处作谓语;阿炳是历史人物,他出名是过去发生的事情,因此谓语动词用过去式made。 36.句意:如今,传统的节奏与现代流行音乐相融合,以吸引青少年。此处作谓语;主语traditional rhythms与动词mix之间是被动关系,结合时间状语Now可知,应该用一般现在时被动语态。主语traditional rhythms是复数,故填are mixed。 37.句意:许多年轻歌手创作出承载着古老民间风格的歌曲。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词songs,指物,且在从句中作主语,需要填入指物的关系代词,故填that/which。 38.句意:这些新作品每年都会在大型舞台上演出。此处作谓语;主语These new works是复数,与动词show之间是被动关系。时间状语every year提示用一般现在时,故填are shown。 39.句意:我们都相信,只要传统音乐得到妥善的保护,我们文化中优美的旋律就会被永远铭记。as long as引导条件状语从句,此处作从句的谓语,遵循“主将从现”的规则;主语traditional music是不可数名词,与动词protect之间是被动关系,故填is protected。 40.句意:我们都相信,只要传统音乐得到妥善的保护,我们文化中优美的旋律就会被永远铭记。as long as引导条件状语从句,此处作主句的谓语,遵循“主将从现”的规则;主语the beautiful rhythm是单数,与动词remember之间是被动关系,故填will be remembered。 单元写作 写作题目:How to become an inventor 一、教材定位与审题(Reading for Writing 原文配套写作) 1. 话题主题 单元主题:伟大发明、发明家、创新思维;写作任务:给中学生提建议,如何成为发明家(说明文 / 建议类作文) 2. 文体、人称、时态 文体:建议类议论文(总分总) 人称:以第二人称 you 为主 时态:主体一般现在时(提建议);结尾用 if 条件句主将从现 词数要求:80–110 词(考场标准) 3. 教材给出 4 大写作步骤(课本原文要点) Step1 Start your idea with a need or problem 从生活需求 / 难题寻找灵感 Step2 Search online for more information 上网查阅资料 Step3 Try something else if there’s already a similar invention 已有同类发明就创新改良 Step4 Make plans, test ideas, face difficulties and never give up 制定方案、实践、不惧失败 4. 写作必包含 4 大得分要点 细心观察生活,发现待解决问题 积累知识、查阅资料、大胆创新 动手实践、制定方案、遇到困难主动求助 坚持不懈,不畏惧失败 二、单元核心词汇 & 短语(作文必用) 名词 inventor n. 发明家;invention n. 发明;creativity n. 创造力;curiosity n. 好奇心;problem n. 难题;plan n. 方案;knowledge n. 知识;failure n. 失败;step-stones 垫脚石;prototype 原型模型 动词短语 come up with new ideas 想出新点子 search for information 查阅资料 carry out the plan 实施计划 make improvements 做出改进 draw out ideas 画出构思 keep on trying 坚持尝试 never give up 永不放弃 ask sb. for help 向某人求助 deal with difficulties 应对困难 衔接过渡词(分层提分) First of all 首先;Next 其次;And then 然后;Most importantly 最重要的是;In a word 总之 三、万能句型(课本原句 + 拓展,直接背诵) 开头引入(2 选 1) Do you want to be an inventor? Here are some useful suggestions for you.(教材原文) Everyone can be an inventor if we work hard. Let me tell you how to make it. 主体分层建议句(对应课本 4 步骤) First of all, we should look carefully at daily life and find problems to solve. 首先,我们要仔细观察生活,找到需要解决的问题。 Next, we need to search online for much useful information to support our ideas. 其次,我们需要上网查找大量有用资料支撑想法。 If there are similar inventions, we must try our best to make new changes and improvements. 如果已有相似发明,我们要尽力做出创新改良。 And then, draw your ideas on paper and make a clear plan before you start. 然后动笔画出构思,开工前制定清晰方案。 When you meet troubles, turn to teachers, parents or friends for help. 遇到困难时,向老师、父母或朋友求助。 Most importantly, never give up no matter how many times you fail. Difficulties are just stepping-stones toward success.(教材原句) 最重要的是,无论失败多少次都不要放弃,困难只是通往成功的垫脚石。 结尾升华(if 主将从现,单元语法考点) If you dream big and keep working hard, you will become a great inventor one day.(教材原句) As long as you stay creative and persistent, your invention will come true in the future. 四、标准三段式写作框架(总分总,考场模板) 第一段:开头(引入话题,1–2 句) 设问引出主题,说明下文要分享方法。 模板句:Do you want to become an inventor? Many students have this dream. Here is some advice to help you. 第二段:主体(分 3–4 层提建议,文章核心) 用 First of all / Next / And then / Most importantly 分层,紧扣课本四大步骤,加入细节:观察生活→查资料→改良创新→实践坚持。 第三段:结尾(总结升华,1–2 句) 总结坚持与创新的重要性,用 if 条件句展望未来。 五、考场升级版高分范文(95 词,适配考试) How to become an inventor Do you want to be an excellent inventor? It’s not difficult if you follow these suggestions. First of all, you must be good at observing daily life and find small problems to solve. Most great inventions come from people’s real needs. Next, search for plenty of knowledge online to support your ideas. If similar inventions exist, try to create new improvements to make yours different. And then, draw your ideas and carry out your plan bravely. When you fail, don’t feel upset and ask others for advice. Most importantly, never give up. Failure teaches us more experience. If you keep creative and stick to your dream, you will make amazing inventions one day. 六、写作提分技巧(结合本单元语法:被动语态) 本单元核心语法:一般现在时 / 一般过去时被动语态,作文适当融入加分 Many small problems are found in our daily life.(一般现在时被动) Lots of useful information can be searched on the Internet. Some old inventions were improved by great inventors years ago.(一般过去时被动) 示例改写: 普通句:We find problems in life. 高分句:Many useful ideas are found from small problems in daily life. 1.发明改变了世界,长大后你想当一名发明家吗?作为一名中学生,你应该怎样做?请根据以下提示,以“How to become an inventor”为题写一篇90词左右的英语短文。 提示: 1.努力学习是基础。 2.兴趣是最好的老师。 3.需要创新(creativity)。 4.持之以恒,永不放弃。 How to become an inventor _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文: How to become an inventor Many people want to be an inventor. Would you like to be an inventor? If so, as a student, you need to do these things. First, study hard. Knowledge is the base. If you don’t master any knowledge, it’s possible to invent anything. Second, interest is the best teacher. When you are interested in something, you will do it well. So one should have interest in what you are studying. Third, creativity is very necessary. You need to be creative to come up with new ideas. Finally, you should keep on studying hard and never give up. Don’t be afraid of failure. Then you are on the way to success. Wish your a great inventor one day. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇材料作文; ②时态:主要采用“一般现在时”; ③提示:写作要点已经给出,根据要点进行写作,注意条理清晰,可以适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步:明确主题; 第二步:具体介绍如何成为发明家,分别说明努力、兴趣、创新和坚持四个方面展开; 第三步:总结全文,表达祝愿。   [亮点词汇] ①come up with提出 ②never give up绝不放弃 ③on the way to success在成功的路上 [高分句型] ①If you don’t master any knowledge, it’s possible to invent anything. (if引导条件状语从句,it的固定句型) ②When you are interested in something, you will do it well. (when引导时间状语从句) 2.发明改变了世界,长大后你想当一名发明家吗?作为一名中学生,你应该怎样做?请根据以下提示,以“How to become an inventor”为题写一篇90词左右的英语短文。 提示: 1. 努力学习是基础; 2. 兴趣是最好的老师; 3. 需要创新; 4. 持之以恒,永不放弃。 注意:1. 词数 80~100; 2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称; 4. 短文题目已给出,不计入总词数。 How to become an inventor ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 How to become an inventor With the development of science and technology, innovation has played an important role in the society and even changed our world. As a senior student in middle school who have a strong will to making contributions to our society, I totally want to become an inventor. But, how can I achieve my goal? Here is my answer. First, studying hard is the basic method. It is clear that only when we study hard to acquire the knowledge about the science and technology can we meet the demands of innovation. Second, interest is the best teacher. It’s hard to imagine that a child without a passion for exploring will get progress in innovation, thus we need to cultivate our interest from a young age. Third, we need the spirit of creativity which provides us with different thoughts to solve the problem. What’s more, never give up and keep our faith. That’s the key to success for all scientists, such as Madame Curie and Darwin. What I have listed above is my answer to how to become an inventor, and that is what I’ll persist doing in the future with my whole passion. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇材料作文; ②时态:一般现在时为主; ③提示:写作要点已给出,考生注意不要遗漏要点,并适当添加细节,突出重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步,分享如何成为一名发明家的想法; 第二步,书写总结。 [亮点词汇] ①played an important role发挥重要的作用 ②achieve my goal实现我的目标 ③acquire the knowledge获得知识 [高分句型] ①It is clear that only when we study hard to acquire the knowledge about the science and technology can we meet the demands of innovation.(时间状语从句) ②Third, we need the spirit of creativity which provides us with different thoughts to solve the problem.(定语从句) 18 / 18 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第04讲 Unit 2语法(后缀-en和被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时))及单元写作(暑假预习讲义)新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版
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