Unit 1 Nature in the balance-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（译林版）

Unit 1 Nature in the baance 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： harm soil ecosystem overseas region continent million length; biodiversity;species;nut;lily variety wildlife;beneath mass towering; hardwood living mammal ;jaguar survive frog in turn insect microorganism break down 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 harm 释义：n.&vt伤害，损害 /ham/ 词汇变形：harmful adj.有害的：harmless adj.无害的；harmed adj, 受损的 搭配：do harm to.对…有害；harm sb/sth.伤害…；It does no harm to do sth.做某事无害 辨析：ham(侧重损害、伤害，常指抽象或物质损害)≠hurt(侧 重肉体疼痛或情感伤害)≠injure(指事故中受伤)≠wound(指 刀枪等造成的伤口) Too much sunlight can harm your skin. 过多的阳光会伤害你的皮肤。 ecosystem 释义：n.生态系统 /'ikausistam/ 词汇变形：ecological adj.生态的：ecologically adv.生态上 搭配：marine ecosystem海洋生态系统；ecosystem balance生态平 衡：disrupt/destroy the ecosystem破坏生态系统；（注意：常与 protect,maintain,damage等动词搭配，可数名词) 辨析：无对比词条 The Amazon rainforest is a rich ecosystem. 亚马逊雨林是一个丰富的生态系统。 overseas 释义：ad.海外的，国外的：adv.在海外，向国外 /auva'si:z/ 词汇变形：无常见派生词，注意词性变化：作定语(adj.)或状语 (adv.) 搭配：go overseas去海外；overseas market海外市场； overseas Chinese海外华人 辨析：overseas (常作定语，如overseas students)≠abroad(副 词，如study abroad)≠foreign(形容词“外国的”，如foreign language) Many companies are expanding into overseas markets. 许多公司正在向海外市场扩张。 region 释义：n地区，区域；行政区 /'i:d3n/ 词汇变形：regional adj.地区的，区域的；regionalism n.地方主义 搭配：in the1 region of..大约…；tropical region热带地区； autonomous region自治区 辨析：region(常指较大范围的自然/行政区域)≠area(泛指地 区，面积可大可小)≠district(指行政分区，如学校、城市内) The Yangtze River Delta is an important economic region. 长江三角洲是一个重要的经济区域。 biodiversity 释义：n.生物多样性 /baraudar'v3:sati/ 词汇变形：biodiverse adj.生物多样的；bio-(生物)+diversity (多样性) 搭配：high biodiversity高生物多样性；loss of biodiversity生物多样 性丧失；protect/conserve biodiversity保护生物多样性 辨析：无对比词条 Tropical rainforests have the highest biodiversity on Earth 热带雨林拥有地球上最高的生物多样性。 species 释义：n.(pl.species)种，物种 /'spi:fiz/ 词汇变形：specific adj..具体的；specifically adv.具体地；special adj.特殊的 搭配：endangered species撷危物种；a species of..一种； species diversity物种多样性；（注意：单复数同形；a species of-+ 名词单数，谓语用单数；two species of+名词复数，谓语用复数) 辨析：无对比词条 This bird is a protected species 这种鸟是一种受保护物种。 variety 释义：n.不同种类：变化，多样性；变种 /va'rarati/ 词汇变形：various adj.各种各样的；vayv.变化；varied adj.多变 的；variation n.变化，变异 搭配：a variety of.各种各样的…；varieties of多种多样 的…：add variety to.给…增加变化 辨析：variety(侧重种类多)≠diversity（侧重差异性、多样性) ≠variation(侧重变化、变动) The store offers a wide variety ofgoods. 这家商店提供各种各样的商品。 survive 释义：vi.生存，存活；vt幸存，幸免于难 /sa'vaiv/ 词汇变形：survivaln.生存，幸存；survivorn.幸存者；surviving adj.幸存的：survivable adj.可存活的 搭配：urvive sth.从…中幸存；survive on.靠…生存；survive the crisis渡过危机 辨析：survive(强调从危险中活下来)≈outlive(比…活得长) ≠live through(经历…而存活，较口语化) Only a few animals survived the forest fire. 只有少数动物在森林大火中幸存下来。 9 break down 释义：使分解（为），使变化（成）；出故障；崩溃 (无音标) 词汇变形：breakdown n.故障，崩溃：分解；可分开使用：break sth.down 搭配：break down into.分解成…；break down barriers打破障 碍；break down emotionally情绪崩溃 辨析：无对比词条 Bacteria help break down organic matter in the soil. 细菌帮助分解土壤中的有机物质。 10 in turn 释义：相应地，转而：轮流地 (无音标) 词汇变形：无，固定短语 搭配：常作状语，表示“接着又”“反过来”或“依次” 辨析：intm(强调顺序或连锁反应)≠by turns（ (强调交替做某 事，如work by tuns轮流工作) Increased pollution will in turn harm human health. 增加的污染反过来会危害人类健康。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共12题） 1.Too much radiation can (harm)your health. 2.The Amazon rainforest is home to a wide (vary)of species. 3.Many animals (survival)by adapting to the changing environment 4.The (ecosystem)of the coral reef is very fragile 5.This product is sold both at home and (overseas) 6.The Yangtze River Delta is an important economic (region). 7.There are more than 10,000 (species)of birds in the world. 8.Organic matter (break down)slowly in cold soil. 9.Pollution can (harm)the growth of plants. 10.The (survival)of the fittest is a natural law. 11.We should protect the (biodiverse)of our planet. 12.The children lined up and answered questions turn (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共9题） 过多的噪音会对听力造成伤害。 1.Too much noise can hearing. 保护生态系统平衡对我们至关重要。 2.Protecting the is crucial to us. 很多海外留学生回国后投身于祖国建设。 3.Many students return to their homeland and devote themselves to its construction 这个地区以其丰富的生物多样性而闻名。 4.This is famous for its rich 这种鸟是一种濒危物种。 5.This bird is an 这个商店提供各种各样的商品。 6.This store offers a goods 他奇迹般地从地震中幸存了下来。 7.He miraculously the earthquake. 细菌将有机物分解成简单的物质。 8.Bacteria organic matter into simple substances 全球变暖会导致海平面上升，海平面上升反过来又会淹没沿海城市。 9.Global warming will cause sea levels to rise,which will flood coastal cities (三)短文填空 The Amazon rainforest is a vital 1. (ecosystem)on Earth.It covers a large 2. (region)in South America.This area is famous for its amazing 3. (biodiverse).The huge 4. (vary)of life includes thousands of 5. (species) ofinsects,birds,and mammals.Unfortunately,human activities 6. (harm)the forest. When trees are cut,the dead leaves and branches 7. (break down)slowly,releasing nutrients.The loss of trees 8. (in turn)affects the climate.Many animals cannot 9 (survive)without their habitat.To protect the forest,many 10. (overseas)scientists are working together. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.harm;2.variety;3.survive;4.ecosystem;5.overseas;6.region;7.species;8.breaks down;9.harm;10.survival;11.biodiversity;12.in (二)单句表达 1.do harm to;2.ecosystem balance;3.overseas;4.region;biodiversity;5.endangered species;6.variety of;7.survived;8.break down;9.in turn (三)短文填空 1.ecosystem;2.region;3.biodiversity;4.variety;5.species;6.harm;7.break down;8.in turn;9.survive;10.overseas