Unit 4 Exploring literature-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第二册（译林版）

Unit 4 Exploring literature 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： devote oneselfto earnest;butterfly literature *shell in store (for sb); appeal determine;significant;description;sensitive;soul;reflect; capable awaken launch permanence contain element universal 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 devote 释义：t.致力于，献身 /dr'vaut/ 词汇变形：devotion(m)奉献，热爱；devoted(adj)忠实的，投入 的；devotedly(adv.)忠实地 搭配：devote oneself to(doing)sth.致力于做某事；devote time/energy/money to(doing)sth.把时间/精力/金钱用于；be devoted to(doing)sth.致力于… 辨析：devote强调出于热爱或责任而专注投入；dedicate更正式，常 指献身于崇高事业或目标（如dedicate one's life to science)。 She devoted herself to the study of Chinese literature. 她致力于中国文学的研究。 The doctor has devoted his whole life to helping the poor. 这位医生一生致力于帮助穷人。 earnest 释义：ad.非常认真的；真诚的 /'3:nIst/ 词汇变形：earnestly(adv,)认真地，诚挚地；earnestness(n.)认真， 诚挚 搭配：in earnest认真地，正式地（如startin earnest正式开始）； an earnest effort/.attempt认真的努力/尝试；earnest desire诚挚的愿望 辨析：earnest侧重态度热忱、真心诚意；serious强调严肃、重要， 不一定带感情色彩。 He made an earnest plea for peace 他发出了和平的诚挚恳求。 The students listened to the teacher with earnest attention. 学生们聚精会神地听老师讲课。 appeal 释义：i.有吸引力：申诉；呼吁：n.吸引力；申诉；呼吁 a'pi:l/ 词汇变形：appealing(adj)有吸引力的，令人心动的：appealingly (adv.)动人地；appeal(n.~.同形) 搭配：appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力/向某人呼吁；appeal for sth. 呼吁；appeal against sth.对…提出申诉；have(o)appeal有 (无)吸引力；make an appeal发出呼吁 辨析：appeal to与attract:attract强调直接吸引；appeal to强调引 起兴趣或情感共鸣。 The idea of traveling around the world appeals to many young people. 环游世界的想法吸引了许多年轻人。 They appealed to the government for more educational resources. 他们呼吁政府提供更多教育资源。 determine 释义：t.确定；支配；决心；vi.决心 /dI't3'mm/ 词汇变形：determination(n)决心，决定；determined(adj)坚决 的，有决心的；determinant(n)决定因素 搭配：determine to do sth.决定做某事；determineor/upon(doing) sth.下决心做；be determined to do sth.决心做…；determine that.. 确定…；determine the cause查明原因 辨析：determine强调经过思考后做出决定；decide更常用，强调做 出选择；resolve语气更强，常指决心克服困难。 He determined to finish the project before the deadline 他决定在截止日期前完成项目。 Her encouragement determined me to keep trying. 她的鼓励使我决心继续尝试。 significant 释义：adj.有重要意义的，显著的 /sIg'nifikant/ 词汇变形：significance(n.)重要性，意义；significantly(adv.)显著 地，重要地；insignificant(adj,)不重要的 搭配：be significant for/to对…重要；play a significant role起重要 作用；a significant difference显著差异 辨析：significant强调有重大意义或影响；important更通用； considerable侧重数量或程度上的可观。 This discovery is significant for the treatment of cancer. 这一发现对癌症治疗意义重大。 There has been a significant increase in the number of volunteers. 志愿者人数显著增加。 description 释义：n.描述，形容，说明 /dr'skrip [n/ 词汇变形：describe(v)描述；descriptive(adj)描述的，说明性的 搭配：beyond description无法形容；give a description of描述； fit a description符合描述；a detailed description详细的描述 辨析：description侧重口头或书面的详尽描述；account侧重对事件 或过程的叙述；portrayal侧重艺术性刻画。 The beauty ofthe sunset was beyond description 日落之美难以形容。 Can you give us a description of the missing person? 你能给我们描述一下失踪人员吗？ sensitive 释义：adj.感觉敏锐的：体贴的：敏感的：灵敏的 /'sensatrv/ 词汇变形：sensitivity(n.)敏感，灵敏度；insensitive(adj)不敏感 的；sensitively(adv)敏感地 搭配：be sensitive to对…敏感；sensitive skin敏感性皮肤；a sensitive person敏感的人：be sensitive about对…在意 辨析：sensitive指易受外界影响或易察觉细微变化；sensible指通情 达理、明智的，二者无关。 Some people are sensitive to pollen. 有些人对花粉敏感。 A writer must be sensitive to the feelings ofothers 作家必须对他人的感受敏感。 8 reflect 释义：t.&vⅵ.反映，显示；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）； /rI'flekt/ 沉思 词汇变形：reflection(,)反射，反映；沉思；reflective(adj)反射 的，思考的；reflector(n.)反射镜 搭配：reflect on/upon仔细思考；reflectsb./sth.反映；bereflected in体现在…中；reflect the truth反映真相 辨析：reflect on强调深入思考；consider更普通：ponder侧重反复 斟酌。 Her calm voice reflected her inner peace 她平静的声音反映了内心的平和。 Take time to reflect on your past experiences. 花时间反思过去的经历。 capable 释义：ad山.有能力，有才能；能力强的 /kerpabl/ 词汇变形：capability(m)能力：incapable(adj)无能力的：capably (adv.)有能力地 搭配：be capable of(doing)sth.能够做某事；capable person有能力 的人；a capable leader有才干的领导 辨析：capable强调潜在能力或胜任；able侧重实际完成能力； competent强调合格、够格 He is capable ofsolving complex problems. 他能够解决复杂问题。 The new system is capable of processing large amounts ofdata. 新系统能够处理大量数据。 10 awaken 释义：vt.&vi.唤起，被唤起；（使）醒来 /a'weikan/ 词汇变形：awakening (n.)觉醒，唤醒；awake(adjv.)醒着的/醒来 (常用作形容词) 搭配：awaken sb.to sth.使某人意识到；awaken from a dream从梦中 醒来；awaken interest激发兴趣 辨析：awaken常指唤醒意识或感情，较正式；wake up普通用词， 指从睡眠中醒来；1ouse强调主动唤醒。 The accident awakened him to the dangers ofdriving too fast. 这次事故让他意识到开快车的危险。 The beauty ofnature awakened a sense of wonder in her. 自然之美唤起了她内心的惊叹。 11 launch 释义：vt.使（船）下水开始从事，发动 /16nt0 词汇变形：launch(n)发射，启动；launcher(n.)发射器 搭配：launch a campaign发起运动；launch a product推出产品； launch a satellite发射卫星；launch an attack发动攻击；launch into 开始踊跃做；（注意：及物/不及物短语，主语为物时常用主动表 被动) 辨析：launch强调正式启动或开始；stat最普通；initiate更正式， 常指开创性举动。 The company launched a new line of eco-friendly products. 公司推出了一个新的环保产品线。 They launched a fundraising campaign to help the homeless 他们发起了一个筹款活动来帮助无家可归的人。 12 permanence 释义：n.永久，持久性 /p3 manans/ 词汇变形：permanent(adj)永久的，持久的；permanently(adv,)永 久地；impermanence.)短暂，无常 搭配：sense of permanence永久感；lack permanence缺乏持久性： achieve permanence实现永久 辨析：permanence强调状态持续不变；duration侧重时间长度； stability侧重稳定性。 Nothing in the world has absolute permanence. 世界上没有什么是永恒不变的 The artist seeks to capture the permanence of beauty in his paintings. 艺术家试图在画作中捕捉美的永恒性。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共12题） 1.The scientist has devoted himself the research on renewable energy for decades 2.The speech was so (appeal)that the audience gave a standing ovation 3.She is (determine)to become a doctor and help people in remote areas 4.The discovery of the ancient city is ofgreat (significant)to historians. 5.The scenery on the mountain top was so beautiful that it was description 6.As a nurse,she is always sensitive the needs of her patients 7.His calm expression (reflect)his confidence in the upcoming exam 8.The new software is (capable)of translating 50 languages accurately. 9.The documentary (awaken)the public to the dangers of plastic pollution 10.The government (aunch)a new program to promote reading among teenagers last month 11.The old castle gave a sense of (permanent)that made visitors feel safe. 12.He made an (earn)attempt to apologize for his rude behavior. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共9题） 她全身心致力于环境保护事业。 1.She the cause of environmental protection 这项提议对学生们很有吸引力。 2.This proposal the students. 我们决心在截止日期前完成这个项目。 3.We finish the project before the deadline. 这本书对他的人生观产生了重要影响。 4.This book had a on his outlook on life 那个地区的贫困状况难以用语言描述。 5.The poverty in that area was 他对批评非常敏感，因此我们说话要小心。 6.He is very criticism,so we must be careful with our words 这些数据反映了人们对新政策的真实态度。 7.These data the real attitude of people the new policy. 这名学生有能力独立完成这项研究。 8.This student finishing this research independently 这次经历唤醒了她对艺术的热爱。 9.This experience her art. (三)短文填空 Last year,our school 1. (launch)a project called"Green Campus"to promote environmental awareness.As a member of the eco-club,I 2. (determine)to make it a success.I3. (devote)myselfto organizing various activities,such as tree planting and waste sorting.At first,many students were not 4. (sensitive)to the importance ofrecycling,but we made 5. (earn)efforts to explain the 6. (significant) of protecting the environment.We also created posters with vivid 7. (describe)of the damage caused by plastic waste.To our delight,the project gradually 8. (awaken)a sense ofresponsibility among students.The idea of a sustainable campus 9. (appeal)to more and more people.Through this experience,I 10 (reflect)on the meaning of collective action.I believe that if everyone is 11. (capable)of making small changes,we can achieve 12. (permanent)improvement in our environment 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.to;2.appealing;3.determined;4.significance;5.beyond;6.to;7.reflected; 8.capable;9.awakened;10launched;11.permanence;12.earnest (二)单句表达 1.devoted herself to;2.appeals to;3.are determined to;4.significant effect;5.beyond description;6.sensitive to;7.reflect;towards;8.is capable of;9.awakened,love for (三)短文填空 1launched;2.was determined;3.devoted;4.sensitive;5.earnest;6.significance; 7.descriptions;8.awakened;9.appealed;10.reflected;11.capable;12.permanent