Unit 3 The world of science-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（外研版）

Unit 3 The world of science 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： press;shoot;gunpowder;compass;virtual;virtual reality;wearable tech;flexible; battery,addition;compute;capable;stuff;desire;never say never;passive;beyond; instance;significant 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 press 释义：v.按；压 /pres/ 词汇变形：pressure(m.压力)；pressing(ad.紧迫的) 搭配：press the button按按钮；press sth.into/against把某物压进/压 向；press for迫切要求 辨析：press侧重“按压”动作，push侧重“推”，squeeze侧重 “挤”。 例句：Press the red button to start the machine. 按红色按钮启动机器。 2 shoot 释义：V.射出（光线等），放射：射击；拍摄 词汇变形：shot(m.射击；尝试；照片；镜头)；shooter(.射手) 搭配：shoot at向…射击；shoot sth.dowm击落；shoot a film拍摄 电影：hoot up迅速上升 辨析：shoot(发射子弹/光线)，launch(发射火箭/卫星)，fire(开 火，解雇)。 例句：The sun shot out golden rays. 太阳射出了金色的光芒。 3 virtual 释义：ad山j.虚拟的，模拟的：几乎的 /'v3:tfual/ 词汇变形：virtually(adv.几乎；实际上) 搭配：virtual reality虚拟现实；virtual world虚拟世界：virtually impossible几乎不可能 辨析：virtual强调“通过计算机模拟的”，与actual/,real相对： virtual也可表示“实质上的”。 例句：irtual reality provides an immersive experience. 虚拟现实提供沉浸式体验， flexible 释义：adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的：灵活的 /'fleksabl/ 词汇变形：flexibility(.柔韧性；灵活性)；flexibly(adv.灵活地) 搭配：flexible schedule灵活的时间表；flexible working hours弹性 工作时间；flexible approach灵活的方法 辨析：flexible强调“可弯曲”或“可变通”，adaptable强调“能适 应环境”，elastic强调“有弹性”。 例句：The material is flexible and durable. 这种材料柔韧耐用。 addition 释义：n.此外，另外；增添物 /a'difn/ 词汇变形：additional(adj.额外的，附加的)；add(v.添加) 搭配：in addition此外；in addition to除…之外（还有）；an addition to对…的增添 辨析：in addition相当于besides,后接句子或单独使用；in addition to后接名词/动名词。 例句：He speaks two languages.n addition,he knows some Japanese. 他会说两种语言。此外，他还懂一些日语。 compute 释义：v.计算 /kam'pjut/ 词汇变形：computation(m.计算，计算结果)；computer(m.计算 机)；computable(adj.可计算的) 搭配：compute the cost计算成本；compute the distance计算距离； compute by/.with用…计算 辨析：compute侧重较复杂的数学运算，calculate更通用，count指 数数。 例句：The engineer computed the load capacity, 工程师计算了负载能力。 capable 释义：adj.有能力的 /'kerpabl/ 词汇变形：capability(n.能力，才能)；incapable(adj.无能力的) 搭配：be capable of(doing)sth.有能力做某事；capable person有能 力的人 辨析：capable指有做某事的潜力/能力，able指有能力且能够完 成，competent指胜任的（常与for连用）。 例句：She is capable of handling the situation. 她有能力处理这种情况。 8 desire 释义：n.渴望，欲望；v.渴望 /dI'zaI(r)/ 词汇变形：desirable(adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的)；desirous(adj: 渴望的，常用于be desirous of) 搭配：have a desire for sth.渴望得到…；desire to do sth.渴望做某 事；meet/satisfy one's desire满足某人的愿望 辨析：desire比want更正式强烈，wmsh常与虚拟语气连用，long for强调渴望已久。 例句：He has a strong desire for knowledge, 他有强烈的求知欲。 passive 释义：adj.被动的；消极的 /'paesiv/ 词汇变形：passively(adv.被动地)；passiveness/passivity(m.被动 性) 搭配：passive voice被动语态；passive attitude消极态度；remain passive保持被动 辨析：passive与active相对；negative侧重“消极的、负面的”， inactive侧重“不活跃的”。 例句：He played a passive role in the discussion. 他在讨论中扮演了被动的角色。 10 beyond 释义：prep.无法…；超出：在…较远的一边 /br'jpnd/ 词汇变形：（无变形，常作为介词或副词） 搭配：beyond belief难以置信：beyond one's reach够不着/能力所不 及；beyond recognition认不出来；beyond question毫无疑问 辨析：beyond强调“超出范围或能力”，over侧重“在…上方” 或“超过数量”，above侧重“在…上方”或“高于”。 例句：The scenery is beyond description. 风景美得无法形容。 11 instance 释义：n.例子，实例 /'instans/ 词汇变形：（无常见变形》 搭配：for instance例如；in this instance在这种情况下；at the instance of应…的请求 辨析：for instance与for example同义，可互换；instance多指具体 事例，example更普遍。 例句：Many countries,,for instance,.Japan and Korea,.have strict recycling rules 许多国家，例如日本和韩国，有严格的回收规定。 12 significant 释义：adj.重要的，影响深远的：显著的 /sIg'nifikant/ 词汇变形：significance(n.重要性，意义)；significantly(ad.显著 地)：insignificant(adj.不重要的) 搭配：be significant for/to对…重要；play a significant role起重 要作用：a significant increase显著增长 辨析：significant强调“有重大意义的”，important更通用，vital 强调“生死攸关的”，crucial强调“决定性的”。 例句：The discovery is significant for science. 这一发现对科学具有重要意义。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 1.He (press)the button firmly,but nothing happened. 2.The camera (shoot)a beam of infrared light at the object. 3.The new technology makes (virtual)possible to explore space without leaving home 4.The company offers (flexible)working hours to its employees. 5. addition to the basic salary,he also receives a bonus. 6.The engineer is (compute)the amount of material needed for the bridge. 7.She is capable finishing the task within one week 8.He has a strong desire (travel)around the world. 9.The teacher encouraged students not to remain (passive)in class. 10.The beauty of the sunset is description. 11.For (instance),many apps now use facial recognition. 12.The research is (significance)for understanding climate change. (二)单句表达（共8小题） 1.他按下了相机快门，拍下了美丽的风景。 He of the camera and captured the beautiful scenery. 2这台机器能射出激光，用于切割金属。 This machine can laser beams for cutting metal. 3虚拟现实技术正在改变教育的方式。 technology is changing the way of education. 4.灵活的课程安排使他能够平衡学习和工作。 The schedule enables him to balance study and work 5.除了学习英语，他还希望学习法语。 learning English,he also desires to learn French 6这台计算机能够在一秒内处理数百万次计算。 This computer processing millions of computations per second. 7这个问题超出了我的能力范围，我需要帮助。 This problem is so I need help. 8例如，许多城市已经实施了垃圾分类政策。 many cities have implemented garbage classification policies. (三)短文填空 In recent years,virtual reality (VR)has become increasingly popular.VR technology allows us to experience a 1 (virtual)created world without actually being there.For example,by pressing a button,we can 2 (shoot)into a digital space where we can interact with objects.This is 3 (significant)different from traditional media.One of the key features ofVR devices is their 4 (flexible)design.Modern VRheadsets are lightweight and 5(capable)of tracking head movements accurately.In 6 (add),many devices now come with hand controllers,which allow users to perform tasks like pressing keys or 7(shoot)objects in the game.However,some people wory that VRmight make us too 8 (passive)in real life,because we may 9 (desire) to escape into the virtual world rather than face real challenges.But experts say that VR can also be a powerful tool for education.10 instance,it can help students learn about historical events or scientific phenomena 11 the reach of a traditional classroom. 12 (beyond)doubt,VR has great potential.We should not ignore its benefits while being aware of its possible drawbacks. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.pressed;2.shoots /shot;3.it;4.flexible;5.In;6.computing /to compute;7.of;8.to travel;9.passive;10.beyond;11.instance;12.significant (二)单句表达 1.pressed the button;2.shoot out;3.Virtual reality;4.flexible working/flexible schedule;5.In addition to;6.is capable of;7.beyond my ability/beyond my capacity; 8.For instance (三)短文填空 1.virtually;2.shoot;3.significantly;4.flexible;5.capable;6.addition;7.shooting; 8.passive;9.desire;10.For;11.beyond;12.Beyond