Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（人教版）

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： moral virtue honesty honest justice just fairness fair bravery brave kindness kind generosity generous devotion devoted devote devote oneselfto principle in principle in practice innocent guilt guilty forgive mercy merciful selfish selfless selflessly 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 moral 释义：adj.道德的；道义上的：n.道德；品行：寓意 /'mpral/ 词汇变形：morally(adv)道德上；morality (n)道德，伦理； immoral(adj,)不道德的 搭配：moral values道德价值观；moral support道义支持；drawa moral from..从…中汲取教训 辨析：noral侧重“道德标准、伦理”；ethical更偏“职业道德、伦 理准则” 教材例句（人教版必修三)： The moral of the story is that honesty is the best policy. 这个故事的寓意是诚实为上策。 We should respect different moral values in different cultures. 我们应该尊重不同文化中的不同道德价值观。 virtue 释义：n.美德；德行；优点 /'v3t/ 词汇变形：virtuous(adj)有美德的；正直的；virtuously(adv)有道 德地 搭配：have the virtue of..有…的优点；by virtue of凭借，由于 (正式用语)；a man of virtue有德行的人 辨析：virtue强调“内在的良好品质”；merit更侧重“应得的优点 或功劳” 教材例句（人教版必修三)： Patience is a virtue that everyone should cultivate. 耐心是每个人都应该培养的美德。 She achieved success by virtue ofher hard work and determination. 她凭借自己的努力和决心取得了成功。 justice 释义：n.正义：公正：司法 /'d3Astis/ 词汇变形：just(adj)公正的；injustice(n)不公正：justify(v)证 明…正当 搭配：do justice to公平对待；充分展示；social justice社会正义； bring sb.to justice将某人绳之以法 辨析：justice侧重“法律或道义上的公正”；fairness更强调“同等 对待、不偏祖” 教材例句（人教版必修三)： Everyone has the right to seek justice in court. 每个人都有权在法庭上寻求正义。 The photo doesn't do justice to the beauty of the scenery. 这张照片没有充分展现景色的美丽。 principle 释义：n.原则：准则：道德规范 /'prmsapl/ 词汇变形：principled(adj)有原则的；nprincipled(adj,)无原则的 搭配：in principle原则上；理论上；stick to one's principles坚持原 则；moral principles道德准则 易混词：principal(adj)主要的；n.校长 教材例句（人教版必修三）： We agree with the plan in principle,but we need to discuss details. 我们原则上同意这个计划，但需要讨论细节。 He refused to lie,sticking to his principles. 他拒绝撒谎，坚持自己的原则： innocent 释义：adj.无辜的：清白的；天真的：n.无辜者 /'masnt/ 词汇变形：innocence()无辜；天真；innocently(adv)无辜地；天 真地 搭配：innocent of无罪的；清白的；an innocent child天真的孩 子；play innocent装无辜 辨析：innocent侧重“没有做错事或天真无知”；naive则带贬义 “幼稚、轻信” 教材例句（人教版必修三）： The court declared the defendant innocent ofall charges. 法庭宣布被告无罪。 She looked at me with wide,innocent eyes. 她睁着天真的大眼睛看着我。 6 guilt 释义：n.内疚：罪责；罪感 /gilv/ 词汇变形：guilty(adj)内疚的；有罪的；guiltily(adv.)内疚地 搭配：a feeling of guilt内疚感；guilt about/over对…感到内疚； prove one's guilt证明某人有罪 辨析：guilt指“因犯错而产生的自责”；shame指“因丢脸而产生 的羞耻”，常涉及他人评价 教材例句（人教版必修三）： He was overwhelmed with guilt after lying to his parents. 他对父母撒谎后感到无比内疚。 The evidence pointed to his guilt. 证据表明他有罪。 guilty 释义：adj.内疚的：有罪的 /'gilti/ 词汇变形：guilt(n);innocent(反义词) 搭配：feel guilty about对…感到内疚：be guilty of犯有…罪； a guilty conscience内疚的良心 易混词：guiltless(adj)无罪的（较少用） 教材例句（人教版必修三)： She felt guilty about eating the last piece of cake. 她因吃了最后一块蛋糕而感到内疚。 The jury found him guilty of theft 陪审团裁定他犯有盗窃罪。 forgive 释义：vt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅；宽恕；饶恕 /fa'grv/ 词汇变形：forgiveness(n)原谅：宽恕；forgiving(adj)宽容的： forgivable(adj,)可原谅的 搭配：forgive sb.for(doing)sth.原谅某人（做）某事；forgive and forget既往不咎 辨析：forgive强调“内心不再怨恨”；pardon更为正式，多用于法 律或官方赦免 教材例句（人教版必修三)： She forgave him for breaking her favorite vase 她原谅了他打碎她心爱的花瓶。 It's hard to forgive such a betrayal oftrust 这样的背叛很难被原谅。 mercy 释义：n.仁慈：宽容：怜悯 /'m3:'si/ 词汇变形：merciful(adj)仁慈的；merciless(adj)残忍的；mercy killing安乐死 搭配：have mercy on对…表示怜悯；at the mercy of任由…摆 布；cry for mercy恳求宽恕 辨析：mercy侧重“对弱者或犯错误者的同情”；compassion更强 调“感同身受的怜悯” 教材例句（人教版必修三)： The king showed mercy to the prisoners. 国王对囚犯表现出仁慈。 The boat was at the mercy of the storm. 小船在暴风雨中任凭摆布。 10 merciful 释义：ad.仁慈的：宽容的：慈悲的 /'m3:sIfl/ 词汇变形：mercy(n.);mercifully(adv.)仁慈地；幸而 搭配：amerciful death幸运的死/安乐死；be merciful to/towards 对…仁慈 辨析：merciful常形容人或行为；compassionate更正式，用于描述 性格 教材例句（人教版必修三)： The judge was merciful and gave him a light sentence. 法官很仁慈，判了他较轻的刑罚。 Mercifully,the rain stopped before the parade started. 幸好，游行开始前雨停了。 11 selfish 释义：adj.自私的：利己的 /'selfip 词汇变形：selfishly(adv.)自私地；selfishness()自私；selfless(反 义词)无私的 搭配：selfish behavior自私行为；it is selfish ofsb.to do sth.某人 做某事很自私 辨析：selfish强调“只顾自己利益”；self-centered强调“以自我为 中心”，不一定损害他人 教材例句（人教版必修三）： It was selfish of him to eat all the snacks without sharing. 他自私地吃光了所有零食，没有分享。 Selfish people often find it hard to build lasting friendships. 自私的人往往很难建立持久的友谊。 12 selfless 释义：adj.无私的：忘我的 /'selflas/ 词汇变形：selflessly(adv)无私地：selflessness)无私 搭配：selfless devotion无私的奉献；selfless love无私的爱 辨析：self1ess是褒义词，强调牺牲自己利益；altruistic更正式，指 “利他主义的” 教材例句（人教版必修三)： The doctor's selfless dedication saved countless lives 医生无私的奉献挽救了无数生命。 She selflessly donated her free time to teach underprivileged children. 她无私地奉献自己的空闲时间教贫困儿童： 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 1.Itis (moral)wrong to cheat in an exam,because it violates the principle of fairness. 2.By (virtuous)of his perseverance,he finally passed the difficult test. 3.The new law aims to bring more (just)to the victims of cyberbullying 4.In (principally),the plan sounds perfect,but we need to consider the cost in practice. 5.The young man was declared innocent the robbery due to lack of evidence 6.She felt a strong sense of (guilt)after breaking her promise to her best friend. 7.The court found him (guilt)of driving under the influence of alcohol 8.Please forgive me my rude behavior last night,I was extremely tired 9.The homeless dog was at the (merciful)of the freezing weather until a warm- hearted lady took it in 10.It was (self)ofhim to keep the last piece of cake for himself rather than sharing it with his sister. 11.The volunteer's (selfless)moved everyone in the community to support the charity project. 12.She always acts (moral)and has earned people's respect. (二)单句表达（共8小题，根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇/短语完成句子） 1这个故事告诉我们一个道理：诚实是上策。 This story teaches us a honesty is the best policy. 2.他凭借出色的口才赢得了辩论赛。 He won the debate his excellent eloquence. 3我们原则上同意你的建议，但需要进一步讨论细节。 We agree with your suggestion but we need to discuss the details further. 4那个男孩因偷窃被判处有罪。 The boy was found theft. 5她原谅了朋友忘记她的生日，因为她知道朋友很忙。 She her friend forgetting her birthday,because she knew her friend was busy. 6救援人员对被困的登山者施以援手，展现了仁慈之心。 The rescuers the trapped climbers,showing great mercy. 7他自私地占用了所有资源，没有考虑团队其他人的需求。 It was him to take up all the resources without considering the needs of others in the team. 8那位医生无私地奉献了一生，帮助贫困地区的病人。 The doctor devoted his whole life to helping patients in poor areas. (三)短文填空（共12小题，阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词 的正确形式) In our daily lives,we often face situations that test our 1 (moral)values.For example,should we lie to protect a friend's feelings?While some argue that kindness is a 2 others insist that honesty is more important.3 principle,being honest is the right choice,but in practice,we sometimes struggle with feelings of 4 (guilt) if we hurt someone.Consider a case:Tom found a wallet on the street.He felt a strong desire to keep the money,but he also knew that it was 5 (self)to take something that wasn't his.He remembered the story his teacher told him,which taught a 6 about integrity.7 (merciful),the wallet contained the owner's ID card,so Tom was able to return it.The owner was so grateful that she tried to give him a reward,but Tom 8 (forgive)her offer politely,saying that doing the right thing was enough.Tom's action reflects the 9 just)of a righteous person.He was not 10 (guilt)of any crime,but rather showed 11 (selfless)devotion to moral principles.This story reminds us that even small acts ofkindness can make a big difference.As the saying goes,"A clear conscience is a soft pillow."Let us all strive to be 12 (moral)upright individuals. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.morally;2.virtue;3.justice;4.principle;5.of;6.guilt;7.guilty;8.for;9.mercy; 10.selfish;11.selflessness;12.morally (二)单句表达 1.moral 2.by virtue of 3.in principle 4.guilty of 5.forgave;for 6.had mercy on 7.selfish of 8.selflessly (三)短文填空 1.moral;2.virtue;3.In;4.guilt;5.selfish;6.moral;7.Mercifully;8.forgave; 9.justice;10.guilty;11.selfless;12.morally