Unit 4 History and Traditions-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第二册（人教版）

Unit 4 History and Traditions 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： history tradition traditional traditionally ancestor ancestor worship ritual cuisine characteristic symbol symbolise dragon lion unicorn phoenix emperor dynasty royal crown palace castle monument memorial tomb grave burial sacrifice sacrifice sth.for sb./sth.worship belief;religious faith custom costume;festival celebration celebrate decorate;decoration lantern firecracker couplet scroll calligraphy painting sculpture craft handicraft pottery porcelain jade silk embroidery weaving weave carpet tapestry music musical 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 tradition 释义：n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗 /tra'difan/ 词汇变形：traditional(adj.)传统的；traditionally(adv.)传统上； traditionalist(n.)传统主义者 搭配：by tradition按照传统；have a long tradition of..有…的悠 久传统；break with tradition打破传统；follow tradition遵循传统 辨析：tradition与custom:tradition强调世代相传的信仰、习俗或 行为方式，抽象或具体；custom侧重某一社会群体的具体行为习 惯，常指风俗。 例句：It is a tradition in our family to have a big dinner on New Year's Eve. 在我们家，除夕夜吃一顿丰盛的晚餐是一个传统。 The festival has a long tradition ofdancing and singing. 这个节日有唱歌跳舞的悠久传统。 ancestor 释义：n.祖先；祖宗 /'aensesta(r)/ 词汇变形：ancestral(adj)祖先的：ancestry(n)祖先：世系 搭配：ancestor worship祭祖；ancestor festival祭祖节；common ancestor共同祖先；ancestor of..…的起源 辨析：ancestor与forefather:ancestor泛指所有较早的家族成员， 包括动物祖先：forefather多用于指人类先祖，带有崇敬感。 例句：We should respect our ancestors and preserve their traditions 我们应该尊重祖先并保护他们的传统。 This temple was built to honor the ancestors of the village. 这座寺庙是为了纪念村庄的祖先而建。 ritual 释义：n.仪式：典礼：礼节；adj.例行公事的；习惯性的；仪式性的 /'rtfual/ 词汇变形：ritualistic(adj)仪式的；ritually(adv)仪式上 搭配：perform a ritual举行仪式；daily ritual日常惯例；religious ritual宗教仪式；ritual dance仪式舞蹈 辨析：ritual与ceremony:ital强调固定程序、重复性的宗教或社 会习俗，可作形容词：ceremony侧重正式隆重的典礼，如婚礼、开 幕式。 例句：Tea drinking is a daily ritual for many Chinese people,. 喝茶是许多中国人的日常习惯。 The tribe performs a special ritual before the harvest. 这个部落会在收获前举行一个特殊的仪式。 characteristic 释义：adj.典型的：特有的；n.特征；特点 /kaerakta'rIstik/ 词汇变形：character(n)性格；特征；characterize(v.)以…为特 征；characteristically(adv,)典型地 搭配：be characteristic of..是…的特点；physical characteristic 物理特征；unique characteristic独特特征；share characteristics共 有特征 辨析：characteristic与feature:characteristic强调区别于其他事物 的典型属性，常用作形容词；feature指显著的外表或特点，中性 词。 例句：Warmth and kindness are characteristic of her personality 温暖和善良是她性格的特点。 The two species share many physical characteristics. 这两个物种有许多共同的物理特征。 symbol 释义：n.符号；象征：标志 /'simbal/ 词汇变形：symbolic(adj)象征的；symbolize(v)象征；symbolism ()象征主义 搭配：a symbol of..…的象征：1 eligious symbol宗教象征： status symbol地位象征；ymbol of peace和平的象征 辨析：symbol与sign:symbol指代表某种思想、对象或关系的符 号，具有深层含义：sgn泛指标志、迹象，更直接。 例句：The dove is often used as a symbol ofpeace.. 鸽子常被用作和平的象征。 Red lanterns are a symbol ofgood luck in Chinese culture. 红灯笼是中国文化中好运的象征。 6 symbolise 释义：t.(also symbolize))象征；代表 /'simbalaiz/ 词汇变形：symbolization()象征化；symbolic(adj)象征的 搭配：symbolise sth.象征某物；be symbolised by.由…象征； symbolise unity象征团结 辨析：symbolise与represent:symbolise强调通过隐喻或约定俗成 的关联表达抽象概念；represent更广泛，可指代表、描绘、表示。 例句：The colour red symbolises happiness in Chinese weddings.. 在中国婚礼中，红色象征幸福。 The olive branch symbolises peace and hope. 橄榄枝象征和平与希望。 sacrifice 释义：n.牺牲；祭品；vt.&i.牺牲；献祭；奉献 /'saekrifais/ 词汇变形：sacrificial(adj)牺牲的；献祭的；self-sacrifice)自我 牺牲 搭配：make a sacrifice做出牺牲；sacrifice sth.for sb.sth.为某人/ 某物牺牲某物：sacrifice one's life献出生命：at the sacrifice of. 以…为代价 辨析：sacrifice与give up:sacrifice强调为了更高目标放弃重要事 物，常含崇高意味；give up更口语化，泛指放弃。 例句：Many soldiers sacrificed their lives for the country. 许多士兵为祖国献出了生命。 She sacrificed her career to take care ofher family. 她牺牲了事业来照顾家庭。 8 worship 释义：vt.&vi.崇拜；敬仰：爱慕；n.崇拜；敬仰；礼拜 /'w3p/ 词汇变形：worshipper(m)崇拜者；worshipful(adj)充满敬意的 搭配：worship the gods崇拜神灵；worship ofnature自然崇拜； hero worship英雄崇拜；place of worship礼拜场所 辨析：worship与adore:worship语气更强，常指宗教或极度崇 敬；adore更多用于表示喜爱、爱慕，语气较轻。 例句：They worship the sun as a source of life 他们崇拜太阳作为生命之源。 Many people worship their ancestors during the festival. 许多人在节日期间祭拜祖先 belief 释义：n.信仰；信念；相信 /br'lif/ 词汇变形：believe(v)相信；believable(adj)可信的：nbelievable (adj.)难以置信的；disbelief(n)怀疑 搭配：have belief in.相信…；contrary to popular belief与普遍 看法相反；religious belief宗教信仰：strength of belief信念力量 辨析：belief与faith:belief指相信某事真实，可基于证据或推理； faith更强调无证据的信任，常指宗教信仰。 例句：She has a strong belief in the power of education. 她坚信教育的力量。 Contrary to popular belief,bats are not blind. 与普遍看法相反，蝙蝠并非盲目。 10 religious 释义：adj.宗教的：虔诚的 rI'ld3as/ 词汇变形：religion(n.)宗教：religiously(adv.)虔诚地；定期地； religiousness(n.)虔诚 搭配：religious belief宗教信仰；religious ceremony宗教仪式； religious festival宗教节日；religious text宗教经文 辨析：religious与spiritual:1 eligious强调有组织的宗教体系； spiritual泛指精神层面，不一定与宗教相关。 例句：She attends religious services every Sunday. 她每周日参加宗教仪式。 The town has a strong religious tradition. 这个小镇有浓厚的宗教传统。 11 custom 释义：n.习俗：风俗：习惯：adj.定做的：定制的 /'kAstam/ 词汇变形：customary(adj.)习惯的；通常的；customer(n.)顾客： customize(v,)定制 搭配：local custom当地风俗：custom of doing sth.做某事的习俗： it is the custom for sb.to do sth.某人做某事是习俗：custom-made定 制的 辨析：custom与habit:custom指社会群体的习俗；habit指个人长 期养成的习惯。 例句：It is a local custom to give red envelopes during the Spring Festival. 春节期间给红包是当地的风俗。 He has a habit ofreading before bed. 他有睡前阅读的习惯。 12 celebrate 释义：t.&vi.庆祝；庆贺；赞美 /'selibret/ 词汇变形：celebration(n)庆祝；celebrated(adj,)著名的：celebrity .)名人 搭配：celebrate a festival庆祝节日；celebrate success庆祝成功： be celebrated for..因…而著名；celebrate with.用…庆祝 辨析：celebrate与congratulate:celebrate用于庆祝事件（节日、 生日等)；congratulate用于祝贺某人取得成就。 例句：We celebrate the Spring Festival with family reunions. 我们以家庭团聚来庆祝春节。 The whole school celebrated the success of the sports meet. 全校庆祝运动会的成功。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共12题） 1.The Spring Festival is a (tradition)occasion for family reunion in China. 2.Our family has a long (traditional)of gathering together on the Mid-Autumn Festival. 3. (tradition),people would visit their ancestors'tombs on Qingming Festival. 4.The (ancestor)temple was built to honor the forefathers of the village 5.Every morning,the old monk performs a simple (ritual)of lighting incense. 6.The ability to adapt quickly is one of the (characteristic)of successful leaders 7.The dove is widely (symbol)of peace and hope 8.The colour red (symbolise)happiness and good luck in Chinese culture. 9.Many soldiers (sacrifice)their lives for the freedom of their country. 10.The ancient people (worship)the sun as a god. 11.Contrary to common (believe),not all snakes are dangerous. 12.The Dragon Boat Festival has both (religion)and historical significance (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共8题） 1.按照传统，婚礼上新娘应该穿白色婚纱。 the bride should wear a white wedding dress at the ceremony 2.这个地区的居民有祭祖的习俗。 2.The residents in this area have the worshipping their ancestors. 3龙是中国文化中力量和统治的象征。 3.The dragon is power and authority in Chinese culture. 4这座雕像象征着两个国家之间的友谊。 4.This statue between the two countries. 5,许多志愿者愿意牺牲他们的空闲时间来帮助他人。 5.Many volunteers are willing to to help others. 6他们从前在庙里崇拜偶像。 6.They used to in the temple. 7她坚信努力工作最终会得到回报。 7.She has a strong hard work will eventually pay off. 8这个节日有着深厚的宗教背景，每年都会隆重庆祝。 8.This festival has deep and is every year. (三)短文填空 The Spring Festival,or Chinese New Year,is the most important 1 (tradition) festival in China.It has a history ofover 4,000 years and is deeply rooted in Chinese 3 (belief)and customs.3 (tradition),people would start preparing for the festival weeks in advance,cleaning their houses and decorating them with red paper-cuts. One of the most significant 4 (ritual)ofthis festival is the family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve.This dinner is a 5 (symbol)of family unity and harmony.The dishes served are carefully chosen to 6 (symbolise)good luck and prosperity.For example,fish represents surplus,and dumplings represent wealth.The spirit of 7 (sacrifice)is also present during the festival.Many people choose to work as volunteers during the holiday,8 (worship)the values of kindness and community service. They believe that by making small 9 (sacrifice)of their own leisure time,they can bring happiness to others.In recent years,some traditional 10 (custom)have been replaced by modern practices,but the 11. (characteristic)of the festival remain unchanged.It is still a time for families to come together,to 12 (celebration)the past year,and to hope for a better future. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.traditional;2.tradition;3.Traditionally;4.ancestors';5.ritual;6.characteristics;7.a symbol;8.symbolises/symbolizes;9.sacrificed/have sacrificed;10.worshipped/ worshiped;11.belief;12.religious (二)单句表达 1.By tradition /Traditionally;2.custom of;3.a symbol of;4.symbolises/symbolizes the friendship;5.sacrifice their spare time;6.worship idols;7.belief that;8.religious background celebrated greatly /celebrated (三)短文填空 1.traditional;2.beliefs;3.Traditionally;4rituals;5.symbol;6.symbolise/symbolize; 7.sacrifice;8.worshipping /worshiping;9.sacrifices;10.customs;11.characteristics; 12.celebrate