Unit 4 Natural disasters-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（人教版）

Unit 4 Natural disasters 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： tornado drought landslide flood rescue helicopter death affect shelter damage destroy evacuate heal quake rubble 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 affect 释义：t.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动 /'fekt/ 词汇变形：affected(adj)受影响的；affection(n)情感；affecting (adj)感人的 搭配：be affected by.受…影响；affect sb./sth.影响某人/某物； affect to do sth.假装做某事（较少见） 辨析：affect(动词)影响：effect(名词)影响、效果，常用have an effect on.;注意区分：The flood affected the crops.(洪水影响了 庄稼。)The flood had a severe effect on the crops..(洪水对庄稼造 成了严重影响。) 例句：The earthquake affected many people in the area.. 地震影响了该地区的许多人。 The flood affected the crops badly. 洪水严重影响了庄稼。 shelter 释义：n.避难处；居所；庇护；t.保护；掩蔽；vi.躲避（风雨或危 /'felta(r)/ 险) 词汇变形：sheltered(adj)受庇护的；sheltering(adj)遮蔽的 搭配：take shelter from.躲避；shelter sb.sth.from.保护某 人/某物免受…；shelter under..在…下躲避；a shelter for. …的避难所 辨析：shelter侧重提供遮蔽的处所或行为：protect更广义的保护： cover侧重覆盖。 例句：People took shelter in the basement during the tornado. 龙卷风期间人们躲在地下室里。 The trees sheltered the house from the strong wind. 树木挡住了强风，保护了房屋。 damage 释义：n.&vt.损害；损失 /'daemId3/ 词汇变形：damaged(adj)受损的；damaging(adj)有破坏性的； damages(.)损害赔偿金 搭配：cause/do damage to.对…造成损害；damage sb./sth.损害 某人/某物；be damaged by..被…损坏 辨析：damage指部分损坏，可修复；destroy指彻底摧毁，不可修 复；ham多指对健康或精神上的伤害。 例句：The storm cau.sed serious damage to the crops. 暴风雨对庄稼造成了严重损害。 The fire damaged the building severely. 大火严重损坏了那座建筑。 destroy 释义：t.摧毁；毁灭 /dr'stroI/ 词汇变形：destruction(血)破坏；destructive(adj)毁灭性的； destroyer(n.)破坏者 搭配：destroy sth.completely彻底摧毁；be destroyed by..被… 毁灭；destroy one's hope/,faith摧毁某人的希望/信念 辨析：destroy强调彻底毁坏，无法修复；damage强调部分损坏： in指毁灭但多用于抽象事物（如名声、计划)。 例句：The earthquake destroyed the whole village.. 地震摧毁了整个村庄。 The flood destroyed everything in its path. 洪水摧毁了沿途的一切。 evacuate 释义：vt.疏散；撤出；vi.撤离 /I'vaekjoert/ 词汇变形：evacuation(n)疏散：evacuated(adj)疏散了的； evacuee(n)被疏散者 搭配：evacuate sb.fom.从…疏散某人；evacuate to..撤离 到…；evacuate an area疏散一个区域 辨析：evacuate指有组织的撤离（因危险）：lee指匆忙逃离： withdraw指撤退（军事或正式）。 例句：The government ordered the residents to evacuate the coast. 政府命令居民撤离海岸。 The students were evacuated to a safe shelter. 学生们被疏散到一个安全的避难所。 6 heal 释义：i.&vt.治愈；（使）康复；解决（问题）；消除（分歧) hi:V 词汇变形：healing(adj,)治愈的；healer (n,)治疗者 搭配：heal up/over愈合；heal sb.ofsth.治愈某人的（疾病/伤 痛)；heal the wound/divisions治愈伤口/消除分歧 辨析：heal多指伤口或感情上的愈合；cre指治愈疾病：treat指治 疗过程。 例句：The cut healed slowly.. 伤口慢慢愈合了。 Time heals all wounds. 时间能治愈一切创伤。 rescue 释义：n.&vt.营救；救援 /reskju/ 词汇变形：rescuer(n)救援者：rescue(n.v) 搭配：rescue sb./sth.iom.从…营救某人/某物；come/g0to one's rescue前来/去救援某人；rescue operation救援行动 辨析：rescue指从危险中解救；save更通用，可指挽救生命、财产 等；help普通帮助。 例句：The firefighters rescued the trapped people from the burning building. 消防员从燃烧的大楼中救出了被困人员。 The rescue team arrived quickly after the earthquake. 救援队在地震后迅速赶到。 flood 释义：n.洪水；大量：vt.淹没：i.大量涌入 /fl d/ 词汇变形：flooded(adj.)被淹没的；f1 ooding (n)洪水泛滥 搭配：a flood of..大量的…（如a flood of tears泪如泉涌）： flood into/.out of.涌入/涌出…；flood the market充斥市场： flood sb.with sth.使某人应接不暇 辨析：ood作名词指洪水，作动词指淹没或涌入；overflow指溢 出；submerge指完全浸没。 例句：The heavy rain flooded the streets. 大雨淹没了街道。 After the concert,people flooded out of the stadium. 音乐会结束后，人们涌出体育场。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空 1.The hurricane (affect)the coastal areas severely last month 2.Many families took (shelter)in the school gymnasium during the storm. 3.The earthquake caused great (damage)to the ancient temple. 4.The village was completely (destroy)by the landslide. 5.All residents were (evacuate)to a safe place before the flood. 6.It took several weeks for his wounds (heal)completely 7.The rescue team worked hard (rescue)the survivors from the rubble. 8.After the dam broke,water (flood)the entire valley rapidly. 9.The (affect)population included more than 20,000 people 10.The government provided temporary (shelter)for the homeless families. 11.The (destroy)ofthe forest led to serious environmental problems 12.The doctor managed to heal him a rare disease. (二)单句表达 1.这场干旱严重影响了这个地区的农业收成。 The drought the agricultural harvest in this area 2地震发生时，人们迅速躲进了附近的避难所。 When the earthquake happened,people quickly in the nearby shelter. 3洪水对桥梁造成了严重破坏。 The flood serous the bridge 4.这场龙卷风摧毁了数十座房屋。 The tornado dozens of houses. 5政府下令立即疏散沿海地区的所有居民。 The government ordered all residents from the coastal area immediately. 6时间可以治愈一切伤痛。 Time can all 7救援人员从倒塌的建筑物中救出了三个孩子。 The rescuers three children the collapsed building. 8大雨过后，街上挤满了人。 After the heavy rain,the streets people. (三)短文填空 Last summer,a terrible flood hit our town.It was one of the worst natural disasters that had ever 1 (affect)the area.The heavy rain continued for days,and the river 2 (flood)the nearby villages quickly.Many houses were 3 (damage)or completely 4 (destroy).The local government 5 (evacuate)more than 10,000 people to safe shelters.The 6(shelter)were set up in schools and community centers.Many people offered to help 7(rescue)those who were trapped.Some volunteers helped 8 (heal)the injured people.It took weeks for the water to go down,and the 9 (affect)families began to return home.They found their belongings 10 (damage)and the streets covered with mud.But with the help of the whole community,they started to rebuild their lives.Scientists say that climate change may cause more extreme weather and 11 (flood)in the future.We must take measures to protect our environment and learn how to 12 (shelter)ourselves from such disasters. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.affected;2.shelter;3.damage;4.destroyed;5.evacuated;6.to heal;7.to rescue; 8.flooded;9.affected;10.shelter;11.destruction;12.of (二)单句表达 1.affected the harvest in;2.took shelter;3.caused serious damage to;4.destroyed;5.to evacuate;6.heal;wounds;7.rescued;from;8.were flooded with (三)短文填空 1.affected;2.flooded;3.damaged;4.destroyed;5.evacuated;6.shelters;7.rescue; 8.heal;9.affected;10.damaged;11.flooding;12.shelter