Unit 4 Customs and Traditions-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（沪外版）

Unit 4 Customs and Traditions 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： worldwide adulthood childishness responsibility ceremony youth coming-of-age occasion topic citizen multiculturalism civic respect duty event tradition entry womanhood marriage sewing household upcoming male individual sacred thread perform strand represent intellectual vary significantly specific ritual symbolise transition childhood Jugendfeier Latin America quinceanera 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 worldwide 释义：adv.在全世界；在世界各地adj.全世界的 /.w3:ld'waid/ 词汇变形：world(n.世界)+wide(adj.广泛的)→worldwide 搭配：adv,位于句末/句首：be known worldwide(闻名世界)；go worldwide(走向世界)；ad,前置定语：worldwide fame(全球声 誉)；worldwide network(全球网络) 辨析：worldwide强调范围覆盖全球；global更侧重整体性： international指国际间 例句：The company's products are sold worldwide. 这家公司的产品销往全球。 Climate change is a worldwide concern. 气候变化是一个全球关注的问题。 2 adulthood 释义：n.成年 /'aedalthod/ 词汇变形：adlt(n./adj.成年人/成年的)→adulthood(抽象名词， 表状态) 搭配：reach/enter adulthood进入成年；transition into adulthood过 渡到成年；adulthood responsibilities成年责任 辨析：adulthood侧重年龄/心理阶段：maturity强调成熟度： coming-of-age指成人仪式/年龄 例句：Many young people feel anxious when they enter adulthood, 许多年轻人在进入成年时会感到焦虑。 The ceremony marks the start ofadulthood. 这个仪式标志着成年的开始。 responsibility 释义：n.职责；义务：责任 rI,spDnsa'bilati/ 词汇变形：responsible(adj.)→responsibility(.);irresponsible(adj, 不负责任的)》 搭配：take/assume responsibility for..承担…的责任；a sense of responsibility责任感；responsibility lies with sb.责任在于某人 辨析：responsibility强调“应尽的职责”；duy更侧重道德/法律 义务，语气较强：obligation指法律/合同约束的义务 例句：Itis our respon,sibility to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的责任。 She took full responsibility for the project. 她对这个项目负全责。 ceremony 释义：n.典礼；仪式 /'seramani/ 词汇变形：ceremonial(adj.礼仪的)；ceremoniously(adv.隆重地) 搭配：hold/attend a ceremony举行/参加典礼；opening/closing ceremony开/闭幕式；wedding/graduation ceremony婚礼/毕业典礼 辨析：ceremony指正式、隆重的典礼；ital指宗教或传统习俗中 的固定仪式，通常具有象征意义：te多用于宗教仪式 例句：The ceremony lasted for two hours. 典礼持续了两个小时。 A ceremony was held to honor the heroes. 举行了一场典礼来纪念英雄们。 multiculturalism 释义：n.多元文化主义 /.mAlti'kAltfaralizam/ 词汇变形：multicultural(ad);nulticulturally(adv.); multiculturalist (n.) 搭配：promote multiculturalism促进多元文化主义；a policy of multiculturalism多元文化政策 辨析：multiculturalism强调不同文化共存且相互尊重：cultural diversity侧重文化多样性本身；assimilation相反，指同化 例句：Canada is known for its multiculturalism 加拿大以其多元文化主义而闻名。 Multiculturalism enriches our society. 多元文化主义丰富了我们的社会。 6 civic 释义：adj.市民的：城镇居民的：公民的 /'srvik/ 词汇变形：civically(adv,);civic-minded(adj.有公民意识的) 搭配：civic duty/responsibility公民责任；civic education公民教 育；civic pride市民自豪感 辨析：ciic侧重城市/公民角色；cil可指“公民的”或“民事 的”（如civillaw民法）；citizen是名词“公民” 例句：Voting is a civic duty. 投票是一项公民责任。 The civic center is located downtown. 市政中心位于市中心。 respect 释义：n尊重；v.尊敬；尊重 /rI'spekt/ 词汇变形：respectable(adj.值得尊敬的)；respectful(adj.恭敬的)； respective(ad.各自的) 搭配：show respect for/to对…表示尊重；respectsb.for sth.因某 事尊敬某人；in respect of关于，就…而言 辨析：respect(nv)最常用；admire更偏钦佩；honour(v)强调给 予荣誉：regard作动词“看待”时语气较弱 例句：We should respect the elderly. 我们应该尊重老年人。 Students showed great respect for their teacher. 学生们对老师表示极大的尊重。 8 vary 释义：V.(根据情况)变化，改变；不同 /'veari/ 词汇变形：variety(n.多样性)；various(adj.各种各样的)；variation m.变化：变体) 搭配：vary from..to.从…到…不等；vary with/im随…变 化；在…方面不同；vary greatly/widely变化很大 辨析：vay指存在差异或变化；change强调改变动作本身；dfr 指不同（常与fiom连用） 例句：The weather varies from region to region, 天气因地区而异。 Opinions on this topic vary widely. 关于这个话题的意见差异很大。 significantly 释义：adv.有重大意义地；显著地 /sIg'nifikantli/ 词汇变形：significant(adj)→significance(n,);significantly (adv.);insignificant(adj.不重要的) 搭配：differ significantly显著不同；increase/decrease significantly 显著增加/减少；contribute significantly to对…有重大贡献 辨析：significantly强调程度重要/明显；considerably程度更强调 “相当大”；remarkably侧重“引人注目” 例句：The new policy has significantly improved the situation. 新政策显著改善了情况。 The population ofthe city has increased significantly. 该市人口显著增长。 10 specific 释义：adj.独特的；明确的：具体的 /spa'sifik/ 词汇变形：specifically(adv);specify(v.具体说明)：specification n.规格) 搭配：be specific about.对…具体明确；for a specific purpose为 了特定目的；specific requirements/instructions具体要求/指示 辨析：specific强调“具体的、明确的”；particular侧重“特定 的、个别的”，常与in particular连用；concrete指“具体的”可触 摸的，与abstract相对 例句：Please be more specific about your plan. 请对你的计划更具体一些。 The doctor gave specific instructions on how to take the medicine 医生给出了如何服药的明确指示。 11 ritual 释义：n.仪式：例行公事；adj.仪式的 /'ritjual/ 词汇变形：ritualistic(adj);ritually(adv) 搭配：perform a ritual举行仪式；a daily ritual日常习惯；an ancient ritual古老仪式 辨析：ital含宗教/传统色彩，常重复进行：ceremony更正式、 隆重；custom指社会风俗 例句：The ritual involves lighting candles 这个仪式包括点燃蜡烛。 Doing morning exercises became his daily ritual. 做早操成了他的日常习惯。 12 transition 释义：n.过渡；转变 /traen'zIn/ 词汇变形：transitional(adj);transit(n.运输)；transition(v.过渡， 较少用) 搭配：make a transition进行转变；transition from.to.从…过渡 到…；in transition在过渡中 辨析：ransition指状态/阶段的改变过程；change最广泛：shift 侧重位置/方向的转移 例句：The transition from childhood to adulthood is challenging. 从童年到成年的过渡具有挑战性。 The company is in a period of transition. 该公司正处于过渡时期。 13 represent 释义：v.作为…的象征：代表 /reprI'zent/ 词汇变形：representative(n.代表；adj.有代表性的)；representation n.表现：代表) 搭配：represent sb./sth.代表某人/某物；represent..as把…描绘 成…；be represented by由…代表 辨析：represent常指象征或代表；symbolize侧重象征意义（用符 号)；stand for常用短语，可缩写 例句：The dove represents peace. 鸽子象征着和平。 He was chosen to represent the class in the debate. 他被选为代表班级参加辩论。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共12题） 1.The company's products are sold (worldwide)and enjoy a good reputation. 2.Many young people find it hard to take on the (responsible)of adulthood. 3.The opening (ceremony)of the sports meet will be held next Monday (multicultural)is a key feature of modern cities like New York. 5.It is every citizen's (civic)duty to obey the traffic rules 6.The teacher asked us to show (respect)for different cultures. 7.The price of vegetables (vary)from season to season. 8.The number of tourists has increased (significant)this year. 9.Please give me a more (specific)example to explain your point. 10.The wedding (ritual)in this area has been passed down for centuries. 11.The (transition)from high school to university can be stressful. 12.The red lanterns (represent)good luck and happiness in Chinese culture. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共10题） 1这个品牌在全世界都很有名。 This brand is well known 2她对这项任务失败负全部责任。 She full the failure of the task. 3.许多文化都举行庆祝成年的仪式。 Many cultures hold to celebrate 4多元文化主义鼓励人们尊重不同背景的人。 encourages people to respect people of different backgrounds. 5.公民有责任参与社区活动。 Citizens have to take part in community activities. 6他的观点和我的观点有很大不同。 His opinion from mine. 7这项新政策显著地改善了空气质量。 The new policy has the air quality. 8请具体说明你需要什么帮助。 Please what help you need. 9那个宗教仪式持续了整整一天。 The religious lasted a whole day. 10.从童年到成年的转变过程并不容易。 The from to is not easy. (三)短文填空 In many societies,reaching adulthood is a significant milestone.It is often marked by special 1. (ceremony)that involve various 2. (ritual).These events not only celebrate the young person's growth but also remind them of their new 3. (responsible).For example,in some communities,a coming-of-age ceremony 4. (represent)the end of childhood and the beginning of adulthood.The customs and traditions 5. (vary)greatly from one culture to another.In certain parts ofthe world,such ceremonies are deeply connected to 6. (multicultural)and 7. (civic) values,teaching young people to respect their own heritage and that of others.However,the 8. (transition)into adulthood can be challenging.Young people need to learn to take on 9. (specific)duties and make decisions wisely.The support of family and community can significantly help them.10.(worldwide),more and more countries are recognizing the importance of guiding teenagers through this period.One important aspect is that adults should 11.(represent)good role models.By showing 12. (respect)for others and taking their own responsibilities seriously,they set an example for the younger generation.Only in this way can young people smoothly enter 13. (adulthood)and become responsible citizens. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.worldwide;2.responsibility;3.ceremony;4.Multiculturalism;5.civic;6.respect; 7.varies;8.significantly;9.specific;10.ritual;11.transition;12.represent (二)单句表达 1.worldwide;2.took/assumed,responsibility for;3.ceremonies;adulthood; 4.Multiculturalism;show,for/towards;5.a civic duty /responsibility;6.varies greatly widely;7.improved significantly;8.be specific about;9ritual;10.transition;childhood; adulthood (三)短文填空 1.ceremonies;2.rituals;3.responsibilities;4represents;5.vary;6.multiculturalism; 7.civic;8.transition;9.specific;10.Worldwide;11.represent;12.respect;13.adulthood