Unit 4 My space-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第一册（沪教版）

Unit 4 My space 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： experiment capable survive unfortunately labour-saving device immediately disappear regularly bomb goods petrol boil aim narrow suffer argue decrease apartment definitely 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 capable 释义：adj.有能力的 /'keipabl/ 词汇变形：capability(n.)能力；capably(adv)能干地 搭配：be capable of(doing)sth.有能力做某事；capable person能 干的人 易混辨析：able侧重“能够”，后接不定式；capable侧重“有潜 力”，后接of+名词/动名词 例句：She is capable of solving difficult math problems alone. 她能够独自解决复杂的数学问题。 The new system is capable of processing data at a high speed 新系统能够高速处理数据。 survive 释义：v生存：幸存 /sa'vaiv/ 词汇变形：survival(n)生存；幸存；survivor(n)幸存者 搭配：survive sth.从…中幸存下来；survive on sth.靠…生 存：survive against all odds在困境中存活 易混辨析：survive强调“活着熬过”；live强调“生活、居住”。 例句：Only a few passengers survived the plane crash. 只有少数乘客在飞机失事中幸存。 Many animals cannot survive without enough water. 没有足够的水，许多动物无法生存。 3 unfortunately 释义：adv.不幸地；遗憾地 /An'fo:tfanatli/ 词汇变形：unfortunate(adj)不幸的：fortune(m.)运气；fortunately (adv.)幸运地 搭配：用于句首或句中，常与but连用：Unfortunately, 易混辨析：unfortunately强调“令人遗憾”；nluckily语气更口语 化。 例句：Unfortunately,.the experiment failed due to a small mistake. 不幸的是，实验因一个小错误而失败。 He tried his best,but unfortunately he didn't get the job. 他尽力了，但不幸的是他没有得到那份工作。 device 释义：n.装置：设备；仪器 /dI'vars/ 词汇变形：无常见变形 搭配：electronic device电子设备；medical device医疗设备；leave sb.to one's own devices让某人自行其是（固定短语） 易混辨析：device泛指“装置、器械”；appliance常指家用电器； instrument指精密仪器。 例句：The new labour-saving device makes cleaning much ea,sier. 这种新的省力装置使清洁更加容易。 The police used a special device to detect the bomb. 警察使用了一种特殊装置来探测炸弹。 immediately 释义：adv.立即；马上 /'mi:diatli/ 词汇变形：immediate(adj.)立即的；直接的；immediacy()即时性 搭配：immediately after/.before在…之后/之前立即；respond immediately立即回应 易混辨析：immediately语气强，强调“毫无延迟”；at once与 immediately同义，更口语化；right away也可互换。 例句：The doctor came immediately after receiving the call. 医生接到电话后立刻来了。 She realized her mistake immediately and apologized. 她立即意识到自己的错误并道歉。 disappear 释义：v.消失；不见 /,dIsa'pIa(r)/ 词汇变形：disappearance(,)消失；失踪 搭配：disappear from从…消失；disappear into消失在…中 易混辨析：disappear指“逐步或突然消失”；vanish强调“突然完 全消失”，语气更强：fade away指“逐渐消退”。 例句：The sun disappeared behind the clouds 太阳消失在了云层后面。 Many traditional customs are gradually disappearing 许多传统习俗正在逐渐消失。 regularly 释义：adv.有规律地；经常 /'regjslali/ 词汇变形：regular(adj)有规律的：规律的：regularity(n)规律性： irregular(adj,)不规则的 搭配：exercise regularly定期锻炼；regularly check定期检查 易混辨析：regularly强调频率和规律；often只强调频率，不强调规 律性；frequently与often相近。 例句：You should take the medicine regularly three times a day, 你应该每天三次按时服药。 The company holds meetings regularly every month 公司每月定期举行会议。 8 boil 释义：v.(使)沸腾；煮沸 /boIl/ 词汇变形：boiling(adj)沸腾的；极热的；boiled(adj)煮过的； boiler(n.)锅炉；开水壶 搭配：boil over沸腾溢出：情绪爆发；boil down to归结为：boil away煮干 易混辨析：boil指达到沸点；cook是广义的“烹饪”；steam是 “蒸”。 例句：Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.. 水在100摄氏度沸腾。 She boiled some eggs for breakfast 她煮了一些鸡蛋当早餐： aim 释义n.目的；目标；v.瞄准；以…为目标 /eim/ 词汇变形：aimless(adj.)无目的的；aimlessly(adv)无目的地 搭配：aim to do sth.旨在做某事；aim at doing sth.瞄准/以…为 目标；with the aim of以…为目的；achieve one'saim实现目标 易混辨析：aim指“短期具体目标”；goal更抽象，常指长期目标： purpose强调“意图”。 例句：The main aim of the project is to reduce pollution. 该项目的主要目标是减少污染。 He aimed at the target but missed. 他瞄准了目标但没有击中。 10 suffer 释义：v.受苦；遭受；忍受 /'sfa(r)/ 词汇变形：suffering(n)痛苦：苦难；sufferer)受害者：患病者 搭配：suffer from遭受（疾病、痛苦等）；suffer pain/Moss/damage 遭受疼痛/损失/损害 易混辨析：suffer强调“经历痛苦”；endure强调“忍耐、坚持”； stand常用于否定句“不能忍受”。 例句：Many people in the area suffer from lack of clean water.. 该地区的许多人缺乏清洁水。 The company suffered a great loss in the fire. 公司在火灾中遭受了巨大损失。 11 argue 释义：v,论证；争辩 /a:gju:/ 词汇变形：argument(m)争论；论证；arguable(adj)可争论的； arguably(adv.)可论证地 搭配：argue with sb.about/over sth.与某人争论某事；argue for/against支持/反对；Itis argued that..有人认为… 易混辨析：argue侧重“说理辩论”；debate是正式辩论；quarrel是 “争吵”，感情色彩强烈。 例句：They argued about the best way to solve the problem. 他们就解决问题的最佳方法进行了争论。 Some scientists argue that climate change is caused by human activities 一些科学家认为气候变化是由人类活动引起的。 12 decrease 释义：v.(使)减少；减小；n.减少 /dr'kri:s/ 词汇变形：decreasing(adj.)减少的；increasingly(adv.)相反： increase(v.n.)增加 搭配：decrease by减少了（数值）；decrease to减少到（数值）； on the decrease在减少中 易混辨析：decrease指数量、程度等逐渐下降；reduce是及物动 词，强调“人为减少”；decline多指“衰落、下降”，可用于抽象 事物。 例句：The number ofstudents in this school has decreased by10%. 这所学校的学生人数减少了10%。 The government is trying to decrease the use of petrol. 政府正试图减少汽油的使用。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The new device is capable processing huge amounts of data within seconds. 2.Unfortunately,many rare species fail (survive)in the modern environment. 3.The doctor told him to take the medicine (immediate)after meals 4.The thief tried to escape,but he quickly (appear)into the crowd and was never seen again. 5.It is important to check your blood pressure (regular)at home. 6.When water (boil),it turns into steam. 7.The government aims (reduce)the use of plastic bags by 50%in two years. 8.She has been suffering a strange headache for weeks 9.The two scientists argued each other about the result of the experiment. 10.The price of petrol has decreased 15%compared with last year. 11.I regret to say that, (fortunate),the plan had to be given up. 12.The new labour-saving (devise)can help farmers do the work more efficiently (二)单句表达（共8小题） 根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇/短语完成句子。 这位年轻科学家有能力独自完成这项复杂的研究。 1.The young scientist finishing this complicated research alone 不幸的是，实验因为设备故障而失败了。 2 the experiment failed a device failure. 请立即离开这栋建筑，因为发现了炸弹。 3.Please leave the building because a has been found. 火车的数量从每天10趟减少到了每天5趟。 4.The number of trains has 5 per day 10 per day. 那些人争论说减少汽油的使用有助于保护环境 5.Those people that the use of petrol helps protect the environment. 当地居民经常遭受缺乏干净饮用水的痛苦。 6.Local residents a lack of clean drinking water. 这个活动的目标是教孩子们如何在灾难中幸存。 7.The of this activity is to teach children how to in disasters 你必须定期检查这个装置，以确保它正常工作。 8.You must check the to make sure it works well (三)短文填空（共12小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In modern life,we rely heavily on various electronic 1 (device)to make our daily tasks easier.However,2 (fortunate),many of these labour-saving tools break down easily if not handled 3 (proper).For example,a simple kettle that is used to 4 (boil)water may stop working if the water level is too low.One of the main 5 (aim)of technology is to help humans 6(survival)in extreme conditions.But sometimes,an over-reliance on machines can lead to problems.When a device 7 (appear)suddenly,people may panic.The key is to stay calm and find a solution 8 (immediate).Scientists are constantly working on new inventions.They argue 9 the need for sustainable energy sources to 10 (decrease) pollution.Many countries aim 11(reduce)the use of petrol by 30%in the next decade.However,this goal is not easy to achieve.People still 12 (regular)drive cars that burn fossil fuels,causing harm to the environment. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.of;2.to survive;3.immediately;4.disappeared;5.regularly;6.boils;7.to reduce; 8.from;9.with;10.by;11.unfortunately;12.device (二)单句表达 1.is capable of;2.Unfortunately due to;3.immediately /bomb;4.decreased to/from; 5.argue/decreasing;6.suffer from;7.aim /survive;8.device regularly (三)短文填空 1.devices;2.unfortunately;3.properly;4.boil;5.aims;6.survive;7.disappears; 8.immediately;9.about/over/for;10.decrease;11.to reduce;12.regularly