摘要:
**基本信息**
聚焦初升高衔接核心语法,以四步解题法(找主干-辨谓语-划成分-判类型)为统领,构建“成分-句型-句类”递进式知识逻辑,强化语言能力与逻辑思维。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|考情分析与知识梳理|8成分/5句型总表|四步解题法(找主干→辨谓语类型→划附加成分→判句子类型)|从基础成分定义到句型结构,再到句类划分,形成概念-结构-应用链条|
|分类型讲解与随堂练习|4类核心题型(句型辨析/成分划分/句类判断/there be)|系动词识别、双宾语区分、并列/从属连词口诀等关键技巧|针对考频前三考点(句型30%/成分25%/句类20%)设计典例,覆盖核心考法|
|综合训练|长难句分析/词形填空|主干提取、从句修饰关系分析|从简单句到复合句,实现基础到提升的能力迁移,培养长难句解构思维|
内容正文:
句子成分与句式结构专练
(初升高衔接)
一、考情分析与知识梳理
★ 核心考频发现:
句子成分与句式结构是初升高衔接阶段的核心基础,直接决定高中阶段语法填空、长难句分析及书面表达的能力,是衔接的重点。
考点分类:考频前三:
五大基本句型辨析(30%) > 划分句子成分(主谓宾定状补)(25%) > 简单句/并列句/复合句判断(20%) > there be 结构与主谓一致(15%) > 句型转换(10%)。
句子成分总表:
成分
功能说明
例句(成分标注)
主语
动作执行者/被描述对象
We study English.
谓语
主语的动作/状态
She sings well.
宾语
动作承受者
I love music.
表语
说明主语身份/特征
He is a teacher.
定语
修饰名词/代词
a tall boy
状语
修饰动词/形容词/全句
He runs fast.
补语
补充说明宾语/主语
We made him happy.
同位语
解释前一名词
Tom, my friend, came.
五大基本句型总表:
句型
结构
例句
句型一
主 + 谓 (S + V)
The sun rises.
句型二
主 + 谓 + 宾 (S + V + O)
I love English.
句型三
主 + 系 + 表 (S + V + P)
She is beautiful.
句型四
主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾 (S + V + IO + DO)
He gave me a book.
句型五
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 (S + V + O + OC)
We made him monitor.
做题方法总结:
第一步:找主干。先找出句子的主语和谓语动词,确定基本句型。
第二步:辨别谓语类型。实义动词→句型一/二/四/五;系动词→句型三。系动词包括 be、look、feel、taste、sound、smell、become、get、turn、grow 等。
第三步:划分附加成分。主谓宾之外的修饰成分为定语(修饰名词)、状语(修饰动词/形容词/全句)、补语(补充宾语)。
第四步:判断句子类型。只有一个主谓结构→简单句;由并列连词连接→并列句;含从句→复合句。
二、分类型讲解与随堂练习
(1)五大基本句型辨析
英语中所有句子都由五大基本句型扩展而来,正确判断句型是分析句子的基础。
特别注意:
系动词后接表语,不接宾语;
give / send / show / bring 等动词接双宾语(间宾在前,直宾在后)。
Eg: The baby is sleeping. -> S + V 主+谓
Eg: My mother bought me a new bike. -> S + V + IO + DO me=间宾,a new bike=直宾
Eg: They elected him chairman. -> S + V + O + OC him=宾语,chairman=宾补
随堂练习 1(判断句型)
1、The flowers smell sweet.(句型______)
2、She sent me a postcard.(句型______)
3、The students are reading.(句型______)
4、We call him Tom.(句型______)
5、He told us an interesting story.(句型______)
(2)划分句子成分(主谓宾定状补)
划分成分的关键是先找谓语动词,再向前找主语、向后找宾语,最后确定定语、状语、补语等修饰成分。
特别注意:
形容词修饰名词作定语;
副词修饰动词/形容词/全句作状语;
介词短语可作定语也可作状语,看其修饰对象。
Eg: The tall boy in blue runs very fast. -> 主=boy 谓=runs 状=fast tall/in blue=定语(修饰boy), very=状(修饰fast)
Eg: She made the room clean. -> 主=she 谓=made 宾=room 补=clean clean补充说明room
随堂练习 2(标注各成分)
1、The old man told us a funny story yesterday.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 间接宾语:______ 直接宾语:______ 状语:______
2、The girl in red is my sister.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 表语:______ 定语:______
3、He found the test difficult.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 宾语:______ 宾补:______
4、We work hard every day.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 状语:______
5、The teacher gave us a lot of homework.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 间宾:______ 直宾:______
(3)简单句、并列句、复合句的判断
简单句只有一个主谓结构;并列句由并列连词(and/but/or/so/for等)连接两个或以上简单句;复合句含一个主句和一个或以上从句。
特别注意:
并列连词口诀"and(和) but(但) or(或) so(所以) for(因为)";
从句由从属连词(that/when/where/because/if 等)引导。
Eg: I like apples.(简单句) -> 简单句 一个主谓结构
Eg: I like apples and she likes bananas.(并列句) -> 并列句 and 连接
Eg: I like apples because they are sweet.(复合句) -> 复合句 because 引导原因从句
随堂练习 3(判断句子类型)
1、He works hard, so he gets good grades.(______句)
2、The book that I bought is interesting.(______句)
3、She is a kind and patient teacher.(______句)
4、I don't know where he lives.(______句)
5、Tom came in and sat down.(______句)
(4)there be 结构与主谓一致
there be 表示"某地有某物",be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语(就近原则)。
特别注意:
there be 与 have/has 不可混用——there be 表"客观存在",have 表"拥有"。
多个主语时 be 与最近的主语一致。
Eg: There is a book and two pens on the desk. -> is 就近原则,a book 最近
Eg: There are two pens and a book on the desk. -> are 就近原则,two pens 最近
随堂练习 4
1、There _____ (be) a lot of water in the bottle.
2、There _____ (be) an apple and two bananas on the table.
3、There _____ (be) some milk and bread for breakfast.
4、There _____ (be) going to be a meeting tomorrow.
5、There _____ (be) two cars and a bike in the yard.
三、基础练习
Ⅰ. 指出下列句子的基本句型
1、The story sounds interesting.(______)
2、My father bought me a computer.(______)
3、The students stopped talking.(______)
4、We found him a clever boy.(______)
5、The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(______)
6、She showed the visitors around the school.(______)
7、The soup tastes delicious.(______)
8、He gave his son some advice.(______)
Ⅱ. 标出下列句子中划线部分的成分
1、The boy in the blue shirt is my brother.(in the blue shirt 是______)
2、She speaks English fluently.(fluently 是______)
3、They painted the door green.(green 是______)
4、Unfortunately, he missed the train.(Unfortunately 是______)
5、I have something important to tell you.(important 是______)
6、The man gave us a detailed report.(detailed 是______)
7、We consider him a good friend.(a good friend 是______)
8、She has been working here for ten years.(for ten years 是______)
Ⅲ. 判断句子类型(简单句/并列句/复合句)
1、The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(______)
2、Do you know the man who is talking to our teacher?(______)
3、Hurry up, or you will be late.(______)
4、What he said made me think a lot.(______)
5、She is not only clever but also hardworking.(______)
6、I will wait until you come back.(______)
四、提升练习
Ⅳ. 用恰当的连词填空,并判断句子类型
1、He was tired, _____ he kept working.(______句)
2、Tell me _____ you are so sad.(______句)
3、Work hard, _____ you will succeed.(______句)
4、The book _____ I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.(______句)
5、It was raining, _____ we stayed at home.(______句)
Ⅴ. 句型转换
1、He gave me a book.(改为双宾语另一种语序)
→ He gave _____ _____ _____ _____ .
2、The girl is my sister. She is wearing a red dress.(合并为含定语的简单句)
→ The girl _____ _____ _____ _____ is my sister.
3、I bought a new phone. The phone was expensive.(用定语从句合并)
→ The new phone _____ _____ _____ was expensive.
4、He is clever. He is hardworking.(用 not only...but also 合并)
→ He is _____ _____ clever _____ _____ hardworking.
5、There is a book on the desk.(对 a book 提问)
→ _____ _____ on the desk?
五、综合训练
Ⅵ. 长难句成分分析
分析下列句子的主干结构及各成分,写在横线上。
1、The old man sitting under the tree told us an interesting story about his youth.
主干(主谓宾):______
sitting under the tree 是______(修饰______)
about his youth 是______(修饰______)
2、What surprised me most was that he had finished the difficult task all by himself.
主语从句:______
谓语动词:______
表语从句:______
句子类型:______句
3、The teacher made the students who were noisy stand outside.
主语:______ 谓语:______ 宾语:______ 宾补:______
who were noisy 是______从句(修饰______)
Ⅶ. 用所给词的适当形式完成句子,注意句子成分
1、The _____ (interest) story made us laugh.(定语)
2、She speaks English as _____ (fluent) as a native speaker.(状语)
3、We found the answer _____ (correct).(宾补)
4、The food smells _____ (good).(表语)
5、_____ (luck), he passed the exam.(状语,修饰全句)
6、There _____ (be) a pen and some books on the desk.(there be 就近原则)
7、He is _____ (tall) boy in our class.(定语)
8、The teacher asked us _____ (not be) late.(宾补)
__________________________________________________
参考答案
随堂练习 1
1、句型三(S+V+P) 2、句型四(S+V+IO+DO) 3、句型一(S+V) 4、句型五(S+V+O+OC) 5、句型四(S+V+IO+DO)
随堂练习 2
1、主=man 谓=told 间宾=us 直宾=story 状=yesterday
2、主=girl 谓=is 表=sister 定=in red
3、主=he 谓=found 宾=test 宾补=difficult
4、主=we 谓=work 状=hard, every day
5、主=teacher 谓=gave 间宾=us 直宾=homework
随堂练习 3
1、并列句 2、复合句 3、简单句 4、复合句 5、简单句(并列谓语)
随堂练习 4
1、is 2、is 3、is 4、is 5、are
Ⅰ. 基本句型
1、句型三 2、句型四 3、句型二 4、句型五 5、句型三 6、句型二 7、句型三 8、句型四
Ⅱ. 成分标注
1、定语 2、状语 3、宾补 4、状语(修饰全句) 5、定语(后置) 6、定语 7、宾补 8、状语
Ⅲ. 句子类型
1、简单句(并列谓语) 2、复合句 3、并列句 4、复合句 5、并列句 6、复合句
Ⅳ. 连词填空与类型
1、but;并列句 2、why;复合句 3、and/then;并列句 4、that/which;复合句 5、so;并列句
Ⅴ. 句型转换
1、a book to me 2、in a red dress / wearing a red dress 3、that/which I bought
4、not only; but also 5、What is
Ⅵ. 长难句分析
1、主干:man told us story;sitting under the tree 是定语(修饰 man);about his youth 是定语(修饰 story)
2、主语从句:What surprised me most;谓语:was;表语从句:that he had finished...by himself;句子类型:复合句
3、主=teacher 谓=made 宾=students 宾补=stand outside;who were noisy 是定语从句(修饰 students)
Ⅶ. 适当形式
1、interesting 2、fluently 3、correct 4、good 5、Luckily 6、is 7、the tallest 8、not to be
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