必修第三册 课时冲关12 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

基础必备必修第三册 课时冲关12 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 学生课时P312 I,阅读理解 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：人工智能记忆存储方式 A team of scientists from the Center for understand how the brain works and to create Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science more advanced AI based on these insights. Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) So,in simple terms,scientists have figured made an exciting discovery about how computers out that computers can learn and remember in and human brains work similarly when remembe- ways that are surprisingly similar to us,which ring things.They found out that the way artifi- could help make them even smarter in the future. cial intelligence (AI)models,like those in smart l.What does the term“NMDA receptor'”in Para robots,store memories is a lot like how our graph 2 most likely refer to? brain's memory center,called the hippocampus A.A type of computer virus that attacks AI systems. (海马体)，does it.This part of the brain is really B.A new technology for making computers run important for feelings and memories. faster. Understanding how AI learns and keeps in- C.A component in AI models that predicts fu- formation is key to making it smarter.The scien- ture events. tists looked into how our brains learn and remem- D.A part of the human brain involved in learn- ber by focusing on a special process involving the ing and memory. NMDA receptor,a critical part of the hippocam- 2.What did the team discover about Transformer? pus.This receptor works like a smart door in our A.It directly mimics the brain's memory process. brain that helps with learning and remembering. B.It is unaffected by changes in memory set- It opens when certain brain chemicals are pres- tings. ent,allowing the cell to receive signals and create C.It uses a special method to manage memory. memories.A specific element,magnesium,acts D.It requires adjustments to enhance long-term like a guard,only letting substances in under the memory. right conditions. 3.What is the significance of the research find- Interestingly,the team found that Trans- ings according to C.Justin LEE? former,a type of AI model,uses a similar "guar A.It is a new approach to memory organiza ding"method to manage its memory.They won- tion. dered if they could make the Transformer's mem- B.It is a crucial step in advancing Al and neu- ory better by copying the brain's process.By ad- roscience. justing some settings in the Transformer to mim- C.It is a method for improving short-term ic(模拟、模仿)the brain's memory door,they memory in AI. improved its ability to remember things long- D.It is a breakthrough in understanding AI term,just like adjusting magnesium levels can af- emotional processing. fect how well we remember stuff. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? This discovery is a big deal because it shows A.Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain. we can use what we know about the brain to B.Discussing implications of neuroscience for Al. make AI smarter.C.Justin LEE,a neuroscience C.Comparing computer and human memory proces- (神经学)director at the institute,mentioned ses. that this research was a big step forward for both D.Discovering similarities between AI and hu- AI and brain science.It opens up new ways to man memory. ·319· 高考总复习英语(YL) [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 institute,mentioned that this research was a 了科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马 big step forward for both AI and brain science. 体相似，并通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型 (C.Justin LEE,该研究所的神经科学主任表 的记忆能力，促进了A】与脑科学的发展。 示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“This recep 重大的进展。)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重 tor works like a smart door in our brain that 要意义在于这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科 helps with learning and remembering.(这种受 学的关键步骤。] 体就像我们大脑中的一扇智能门，帮助我们学 4.D[主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段 习和记忆。)”可知，“NMDA receptor'”是人脑中 "So,in simple terms,scientists have figured 参与学习和记忆的一部分。] out that computers can learn and remember in 2.C[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interesting ways that are surprisingly similar to us,which ly,the team found that Transformer,a type of could help make them even smarter in the fu- AI model,uses a similar 'guarding'method to ture.(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算 manage its memory.(有趣的是，研究小组发现， 机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆， Transformer是一种人工智能模型，它使用类似 这可能有助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可 的‘保护'方法来管理内存。)”可知，Transformer使 知，整篇文章的中心思想是关于在人工智能和 用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理其内存。] 人类记忆之间发现的相似性，D选项“发现人工 3.B[推理判断题。根据第四段中“C.Justin 智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处。”准确总结了 LEE,a neuroscience(神经学)director at the 文章的中心思想。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：正规儿童保育的优点 Working mothers can breathe a sigh of relief ter social skills than those looked after by family when dropping off their little ones in formal or friends. childcare.A French study has found children As women began entering the workforce in who go to nursery are better behaved and have increasing numbers from the 1980s,some child fewer emotional problems than those cared for by development researchers have found that formal family or a childminder. childcare and informal childcare appear.4 Re- 1 The study,on the other hand,wanted searchers find that overall,children benefited a to test what potential impact formal childcare set- lot from formal childcare. tings from a young age could have on behaviour. Boys who went to nursery had fewer 2 Those who had been looked after by a emotional problems,but those looked after by a childminder were the most likely to have behav- childminder had more behavioral problems.Girls ioral issues in both boys and girls,they found. in particular benefited from the more formal Scientists tracked children's emotional devel- childcare.5 opment from birth up to the age of eight.Parents The authors conclude that access to high were asked a series of questions about their quality childcare in the first years of life may im- children's behavioral and emotional problems at prove children's emotional and cognitive develop- different ages,including any difficulties making ment,prevent later emotional difficulties and friends,hyperactivity(多动症)，poor attention, promote prosocial(亲社会的)behavior. conduct,and social skills.3 A.Lack of daily interaction may result in children Analysis showed those who received formal being unwilling to socialize. childcare were less likely to have emotional and B.Those who had gone to nursery performed bet- behavioral problems,and more likely to have bet- ter academically later on at school. ·320· 基础必备必修第三册 C.Informal childcare has harmful outcome for emotional problems at different ages,including children's social and emotional adjustment. any difficulties making friends,hyperactivity, D.It's because they are more likely to being shy, poor attention,conduct,and social skills. nervous or upset,researchers suggest. 究人员向家长们询问了一系列关于孩子在不同 E.Children who get formal childcare were less 年龄段的行为和情绪问题，包括交朋友的困难， likely to have behavioral problems later. 多动症，注意力差，品行差和社交能力差。)”指 F.They were also questioned on what type of 出了孩子在不同年龄段的一些行为和情绪问 childcare their children had been provided. 题。F项“他们还被问及他们为孩子提供了什 G.A study has suggested early formal childcare 么样的托儿服务。”与上文承接自然，由als0看 may improve their academic performance. 出上下文为顺承关系，选项中的questioned呼 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 应上文的asked。] 了把幼儿放在托儿所会对他们今后的社会行为有 4.C[上文“As women began entering the work- 更好的帮助。 force in increasing numbers from the 1980s, l.G[下文“The study,on the other hand,wan some child development researchers have found ted to test what potential impact formal child- that formal childcare and informal childcare ap care settings from a young age could have on behaviour.(另外，研究者想要测验早期正规的 pear.(从20世纪80年代开始，随着越来越多的 女性进入劳动力市场，一些儿童发展研究人员 儿童保育对儿童的行为还有什么潜在的影 发现，正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育出 响。)”提到了研究者想研究儿童保育对儿童行 为还会产生什么影响，说明已经有研究表明儿 现了。)”指出出现了正规的儿童保育和非正规 童保育对儿童产生了影响。G项“之前的研究 的儿童保育。下文“Researchers find that over- 表明，早期正规的儿童保育可以提高他们的学 all,children benefited a lot from formal child- 习成绩。”与下文语义衔接，符合语境。] care.(研究人员发现，总的来说，孩子们从正规 2.E[下文“Those who had been looked after by 的儿童保育中受益匪浅。)”指出正规儿童保育 a childminder were the most likely to have be- 的优点，C项“不正规的儿童看管不利于儿童的 havioral issues in both boys and girls,they 社会调适和情绪调节。”承上启下，与下文描述 found.(他们发现，那些由保姆照看过的孩子无 正规儿童保育形成对比关系。] 论男女，都最有可能出现行为问题。)”指出保姆 5.D[上文“Girls in particular benefited from 照看孩子的缺点，点明了前文提到的正规的儿 the more formal childcare.(女孩尤其受益于更 童保育存在优点。E项“这些得到正规保育的 正规的儿童保育。)”说明与男孩相比，女孩尤其 小孩在之后较少出现行为问题。”与下文形成鲜 受益于更正规的儿童保育。D项“研究人员表 明对比，符合语境。] 示，这是因为她们更可能害羞，紧张或不安。”承 3.F[上文“Parents were asked a series of ques- 接上文，解释了女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童 tions about their children's behavioral and 保育的原因。] Ⅲ.读后续写主题语境：人与动物 体裁：记叙文 话题：班级宠物 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头 Beecher's third-grade class probably didn't know 语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 this fact.Nobody knew insects like Donald did, They called him“Donnie the Dung Beetle”. and he figured that being compared to a dung Donald didn't mind the comparison,as he knew beetle was not a praise. that African dung beetles(粪金龟)were known One day,Richie made fun of Donald,point- for moving things a thousand times their own ing towards a container under the window where body weight.However,his classmates in Mrs. a small brown ball hung from a branch.Donald ·321· 高考总复习英语(YL) tried to explain that it was an egg case of a pra- [写作思路] ying mantis(螳螂)，and the exciting part would 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了唐纳德在 be when the eggs hatched.But Richie didn't un- 班级里养了螳螂卵作为班级宠物，但是几 derstand,and neither did most of the other kids. 故 个月过去了，小螳螂还是没有孵化出来。 Donald had brought the egg case from his back- 事 里奇查看螳螂卵后没有盖好盒子的盖子导 yard and was excited when Mrs.Beecher agreed 致孵出的小螳螂到处都是。在唐纳德的处 to make it their class project.He thought having 概 理下，小螳螂安全回到孵化盒子，比彻老师 an insect as a class pet might finally give him 让大家把这个事件记录下来，同时，同学们 something to talk about with the other kids.But 也改变了对唐纳德的称谓和看法。 after two months of staring at a lifeless brown 续 由第一段首句内容“唐纳德掌控了局 ball,Donald began to lose hope. 势，指挥里奇去拿画笔和白纸。”可知， 第 During science class one day,Mrs.Beecher 续 第一段可描写唐纳德如何营救螳螂 announced they would start by writing in their 咳 段 宝宝。 journals.As Donald opened his journal,a left 思 由第二段首句内容“救援成功后，比彻 over particle from his lunch rolled across the 路 写 老师请全班同学写下这段特殊经历。” page.When he went to brush it off,he realized it 二 可知，第二段可描写营救成功后全班 wasn't a particle at all-it was a tiny praying 段 同学对唐纳德看法的改变以及感悟。 mantis,barely the size of a grain of rice!Donald 养螳螂卵当作班级宠物 长时间没有孵 bounced out of his seat,crying out that the eggs 续写 化 突然孵化，震惊全班一唐纳德冷 were hatching. 线索 静处理—小螳螂安全得救一感悟 Suddenly,chaos erupted in the classroom as [参考范文] more baby mantises started appearing every- Donald took charge of the situation,direc- where.Kids were jumping out of their seats, ting Richie to get paintbrushes and white paper. screaming and waving their arms.Mrs.Beecher Donald took the brush and carefully drove the ba- quickly took charge,asking why the lid of the by mantises onto the white paper.They were so container was off.Richie,who was supposed to small that he could injure their legs or body check on the container that day,had forgotten to parts.The baby mantises were so small that put the lid back on. some of the students brought a magnifying glass 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； to help.With the concerted efforts of everyone, 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 the baby mantises finally returned safely to Donald took charge of the situation,direc- the box. ting Richie to get paintbrushes and white paper. After the successful rescue,Mrs.Beecher asked the class to write about this special experi- ence.Richie no longer laughed at Donald,and no longer called him "Donnie the Dung Beetle",and deeply admired Donald's calmly handling the un- After the successful rescue,Mrs.Beecher expected things.Donald's profound knowledge asked the class to write about this special experi- left a deep impression on everyone.From this in- ence cident,everyone realized the importance of pa- tience,calmness,carefulness and being knowl- edgeable. ·322·