基础必备 选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Back to the past（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础必备 Unit 3 主题语境人与社会 历史事件和历史人物 Back to the past 析>译>背高考复杂句式0 FUZA JUSHI 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2023·全国甲卷)With millions of people likely to take on DIY 本句是一个复合句。With millions of people 在接下来的几周内，数 likely to take on DIY projects over that projects over that coming 以百万计的人可能会从 coming weeks,是with的复合结构，相当于 weeks,new research shows that 一个原因状语从句；that more than half of 事DIY项目，新的研究 more than half of people are 表明，超过一半的人计 planning to make the most of people are planning to make the most of the 划充分利用漫长而温暖 the long,warm summer days to long,warm summer days to get jobs done 的夏日来完成工作。 that引导的宾语从句。 get jobs done. 2.(2023·全国甲卷)It was full of 本句是一个复合句。并列连词$0连接两个 它充满了对我来说新的 ideas that were new to me,so I 句子；that were new to me是that引导的定 spent the summer with my head语从句，修饰ideas;with my head in and out 想法，所以我整个夏天 in and out of that book. of that book是with的复合结构，作状语 都在读那本书。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P220 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part1 巧记·课标单词] >M0.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.breadth n. 宽度；广泛 21.adopt vt. 采用；领养 2.load ut.&vi. 装上，装入 22.pack v. 打包：包装 3.dismiss vt. 不予考虑；解雇 23.contrary adj. 相反的 4.acknowledge vt. 承认；感谢 24.aboard prep.adv. 在（车、船等）上 5.insist v. 坚决要求，坚持 25.uniform n. 制服；队服 6.shortage n. 不足，短缺 adj. 一致的，统一的 7.leak v. 漏；渗入 26.dive vi. 俯冲；跳水 8.panic n. 惊恐，恐慌 n. 冲，扑，俯冲 作 9.regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会 27.meanwhile adv. 同时；其间 词 10.subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的 28.chaos n. 混乱，杂乱 11.captain n. 船长，机长；队长 29.hatch vt. 密谋，策划 悉 12.royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的 vi. 孵化 识 13.literary adj. 文学的，文学上的 30.sink v. 下沉，沉没 14.extensively adv. 广阔地；广泛地 31.pray v. 企盼；祈祷 15.facilitate vt. 使便利，促进 32.reform vt. 改进，改良 16.available adj. 可获得的 n. 改革，改良 17.prison n. 监狱 33.output n. 产量，输出量 18.exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的 34.cloth n. 织物，布料 19.phrase n. 成语；短语 35.shift n. 改变，转移 20.shelf n. 架子，搁板 v. (使)移动 214· 基础必备选择性必修第三册 l.convinced adj.确信的；信服的→convince vt.确信；信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 2.strength n.力量；体力→strengthen v.加强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的 3.harmony n.和谐；融洽→harmonious adj.和谐的；一致的 4.prove v.证明是；被发现是→proof n.证据；证明 拓 5.influential adj.有影响力的；有支配力的→influence n.影响；效果vt.影响；感化；支配 单 6.finance n.资金；财政；金融vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的，财务的；金融的；有钱的 词 7.astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.吃惊的；惊讶的 astonishment n.惊讶；令人惊讶的事物 其 8.comparison n.比较；相比→compare vt.比较；相比→comparative adj.比较而言的；相比的 用 9.violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n.暴力；暴行→violently adv.猛烈地，厉害地 l0.freeze vi.&vt.结冰；使冻住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冷的→frozen adj.冻僵的；冻住的 1l.bleed vi.流血；失血→bleeding n.流血；失血→blood n.血 l2.memorial n..纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的→memory m.记忆力→memorize vt.记住；记忆 1.log n. 航海日志 6.washroom n. 洗手间，厕所 vi.&.vt. 伐木 7.eagle n. 雕 词 2.route n. 路线；途径 8.thunder vi. 打雷 3.depart v. 离开，启程 n. 雷，雷声 明 4.shore n. 岸，滨 9.navy n. 海军，海军部队 5.minister n. 大臣，部长 10.episode n. 一段经历，片段 >》 No.2 同根联想记一 一 线串 1.后缀-ial结尾形容词集锦 2.多变“旅行”名词一览 ①official官方的 ①voyage航行；航海 ②beneficial有益的 ②tour(观光)旅行 ③commercial商业的 ③travel旅行 ④financial财政的 ④journey(长途)旅行 ⑤influential有影响力的 ⑤trip(短途)旅行；外出 ⑥industrial工业的 ⑥outing远足 Part 2 妙记·核心短语] >No.1 短语分类记一层级背 1.on behalf of 代表（或代替） 6.as usual 像往常一起 2.regardless of 不管，不顾 7.come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉 3.sort out 理顺，整理 8.get in touch with 与…取得联系 4.contrary to 与…相反 9.declare war on 对…宣战 5.tend to 趋向于 10.in response to 对…作出反应 >No.2 同根联想记 一一线串 1.“as”开头的高频短语一览 2.get into相关短语面面观 ①as well也；又；还②as a matter of fact事实上 ①get into debt负债累累 ③as a result结果④as usual照例；照常 ②get into trouble陷入困境 ⑤as follows如下⑥as is mentioned above如上所述 ③get into shape使身体好起来 ④get into touch with与…取得联系 ·215 高考总复习英语(YL) [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 If you had a time machine(如果你有时间机器)which dynasty would 1.非真实条件句的虚拟语气 you go back to? 2.that引导表语从句 The major contribution of this great explorer is that he "discovered" the New World(他“发现”了新世界). 3.物十witness十宾语，拟人修饰法 His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration,a period which witnessed()many important geographical findings. In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a mes- 4.that引导同位语从句 sage to his family that Louis had been killed in the attack(路易已经在 袭击中遇害). 5.“介词十关系代词”引导的定语 The next day,president Roosevelt delivered his famous Pearl Harbor 从句 Speech,in which(在演讲中)he described December7as.. 聚焦>层级突破 学生用书P222 聚焦核心要点落实 [链接写作]—一句式升级 Part,1单词悟讲记 5I believe that you like paper-cutting,so I'd like to [核心单词] invite you to visit the exhibition. 1,convince vt,.使确信；使相信；说服 -Convinced that you like paper-cutting,I'd like to ◆[教材对接] invite you to visit the exhibition.(分词作状语) The Time Traveller smiled."It is clear,"he said, 2.load.装上，装入n.某物的量；负荷；沉重感 “that there is only one way to convince you.,.” 》[教材对接] 时间旅行者笑了。他说：“显然，只有一种方法可以令 His ships were loaded with china,silk,tea and other 你们信服。” treasures as gifts for foreign rulers. 他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 赠异邦君王的礼品。 DThere is now convincing (convince)evidence that [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 smoking causes lung cancer. ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)After some goodbyes,I 2You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for asked George and his wife to help me load Tiffy into the job. the plane. 3They tried to convince him to support (support) 2He has loads (load)of money. them. 3Get a load of that dress!It must suit you very well. ④(2023·1月浙江卷)ButI'm convinced(convince) [考点归纳]一知识生成 my parents love having me back. (l)take a load off one's mind卸下心上重负 [考点归纳]一知识生成 loads of--a load of许多 (l)convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 get a load of注意，仔细看 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 (2)load..with..用…装载… convince sb.that..使某人相信… load sth.into/onto sth.把…放在/装进… be loaded with负载…：装满… (2)convinced ad.确信的；坚信不移的 be convinced of sth..确信；坚信；深信 [链接写作]—完成句子 Obviously,supporting a family of five is a heavy be convinced that...相信… load for a single woman.Every day she has to do (3)convincing adj,令人信服的：有说服力的 loads of things.Her main job is to load trucks with [温馨提示]convince是及物动词，其宾语多为人， empty bottles.Luckily,her two daughters are about 而“信服”的内容则可由介词of引出或由that从句 to earn their own bread,which has taken a load off 充当。 her mind. ·216· 基础必备选择性必修第三册 显然，供养一个五口之家对一位单身妇女来说是一个 [链接写作]—完成句子 沉重的负担。她每天必须做许多事情。她的主要工 4They dismissed him for his being dishonest 作是往卡车上装空瓶子。幸好她的两个女儿就要自 他们因他不诚信而解雇了他。 食其力了，这让她如释重负。 5.acknowledge vt..承认（属实，权威等）；感谢 3.strengthen vt.&vi.加强；增强；巩固 [教材对接] [教材对接] Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely ac- Zheng He's efforts helped develop and strengthen knowledged,and he is remembered as one of China's harmonious relations with these countries and re- most influential explorers gions,.. 郑和的成就在今天获得广泛认可，他也作为中国最具 郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地 影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记 区的和睦关系，… [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 DIt is now generally acknowledged that he was in- ①(2023·新课标I卷)In a journal or on a piece of pa nocent. per,put the heading "Personal strengths(strength)". 2Yao Ming is acknowledged as one of the best bas- ②(2024·北京卷)These abilities are strengthened ketball players in the NBA. (strengthen)by our capacity for language,which al- 3In acknowledgement (acknowledge)of her help, lows social practices to develop in extremely unobvi- he presented her with a computer. ous ways. [考点归纳]—知识生成 3The strength (strong)of riding bikes is that it can (I)It is acknowledged that...…是大家公认的 build up our strength. acknowledge sb./sth.as/tobe承认某人/事 ④(2022·全国乙卷)To strengthen(strengthen)the acknowledge that...承认… connection with young people,the event included a acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事 number of public promotional activities on social (2)acknowledgement n.承认；答谢 media,... in acknowledgement of...为了感谢 [考点归纳]一知识生成 链接写作]一句型转换 (l)strength n.C长处；强项[U门力量；体力 He acknowledged having been defeated at last. (2)build up one's strength/body强身健体 -He acknowledged that he had been defeated at strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点 last. The strength of.is that.的优点是 最后，他承认被击败了。 [温馨提示]表示“优点和缺点”时，strength,weak 6.insist vi..&vt.坚持；坚决要求 ness常用复数形式。 [教材对接] [链接写作]—完成句子 Columbus insisted on searching for a direct sea route 5Write a poem about how courage,determination, to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic O- and strength have helped you face challenges in your cean. life. 哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的 写一首关于勇气、决心和力量如何帮助你面对生活中 航线。 挑战的诗。 [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空/补全句子 4.dismiss vt..不予考虑，消除；免职，解雇开除；解散 DI wanted to walk to the station,but he insisted on ◆[教材对接] driving me there. For many years,some historians dismissed the re- 2Mary insisted that she was (be)right but her cords of these voyages as legends. mother insisted that she (should)say (say)sorry to 多年来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是 Annie. 传说而不予理会。 3I insist on your taking immediate action to put [语境练悟]一判断下列句子中dismiss的含义 things right. dToday our teacher dismissed the class ten minutes 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。 early. 下课 [考点归纳]一知识生成 2We shouldn't dismiss the suggestion without thinking (1)insist that... about it. 不予考虑 表示“坚持认为…；坚决要求… 3The worker was dismissed from the factory for be- (2)insist on(doing)sth.表示“坚持（做）某事” ing lazy. 解雇，开除 (3)insist that... [考点归纳]—知识生成 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”，后跟宾语从句用陈述语气； dismiss sb..for.,因…解雇某人 表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”，后跟宾语从句用虚拟语 dismiss sb.from sb.'s post/position 气，谓语动词要用“(should十)动词原形”，should可 免去某人的职务 以省略。 217 高考总复习英语(YL) [链接写作]一句型转换 4They insisted that he (should)be present at the Pt,2短语巧突破 -》 ceremony. L.on behalf of代表（代替）某人 -They insisted on his/him being present at the cer- 》[教材对接] emony. Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Ming Dy- [间考单词] nasty Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. l.influential adj..有影响力的，有支配力的 1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 次航行。 DWhile all types of bags have some influence on/ [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 upon the environment,it has long been supposed DOn behalf of the class I would like to thank that paper bags are kinder. you all. 2It's said that the earliest sculptures were made un- 2The manager cannot be here,so I will host the der the influence of Greek art. meeting on his behalf. 3She wanted to work for a bigger and more influen- 3PRC stands for the People's Republic of China. tial (influence)newspaper. [考点归纳]—知识生成 4Chaplin was not just a genius;he was among the (1)on behalf of sb./on sb.'s behalf most influential figures in film history. 代表（或代替）某人；因为某人；为了某人 卓别林不仅仅是天才，也是电影史上最有影响力的人 物之一。 (2)in behalf of sb../insb.'s behalf为了某人的利益 5Under the influence of his deskmate,he has made (3)stand for代表；象征；支持 great progress since last week. [链接写作]一完成句子 在他同桌的影响下，自上周以来他己经取得了很大的 The president can't be here today,so I am going 进步。 to speak on his behalf/on behalf of him. 2.panic vi.&vt.使惊慌n.惊慌；恐慌 总统今天不能来，所以我要代表他发言。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 2.regardless of不管；不顾 DThere is no point getting into a panic about the [教材对接] exams. Regardless of all the challenges,Columbus managed 2The crowd panicked (panic)at the sound of the to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge guns. and bravery across the ocean. 3After hearing the news the crowd ran out in pan- 哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确 ic. 保大家都平安越过海洋。 ④(2023·北京卷)But this time I had the perspective [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 (视角)to keep it from sending me into panic. DShe is determined to do it regardless of all conse- 5The big fire panicked people into running out of quences. the building. ②(2023·全国乙卷)In spite of the court hearing 6I screamed in panic when I found the door was testimonials (of her ability as a doctor,she locked. was banned from medicine. 当我发现门被锁上时，我惊慌地大叫起来。 3With regard to my favorite Chinese poet,I'd like 3.astonish vt.使吃惊；使十分惊讶 to introduce Du Fu to you. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空一句多译 [考点归纳]一知识生成 ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Given the astonishing(aston- ish)potential of AI to transform our lives,we all despite/in spite of尽管；不管 need to take action to deal with our AI-powered fu- with regard to关于：至于 ture. [温示提示](1)regardless of强调不认为…重 2Lindsey's husband was totally astonished (aston- 要，从而不加以重视或考虑。 ish)by the unexpected visit. (2)regardless of...后可接whether,what引导的从 3He was astonished to see (see)how his hometown 句，而despite/,in spite of后常接名词，不接从句。 had changed in the past 10 years. [链接写作]—一完成句子 使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。 4In addition,the Internet makes surveying and vot- 4 Much to my astonishment,she still remembered ing easy and convenient,regardless of time and my name.(astonishment) space. 5 What astonished me most was that she still re- 除此之外，网络使调查和投票无论在时间上还是空间 membered my name.(astonish) 上变得容易、方便了。 ·218· 基础必备选择性必修第三册 3.contrary to相反的；相对立的 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 [教材对接] Contrary to popular history books,most academic 与现在事 过去式(be should/would/ books tend to adopt a more analytical and serious ap- 实相反 用were) could/might+ 动词原形 proach to studying history. 与通俗历史读物相反，大多数学术著作往往采用更具 过去式(be用were) should/would/ 分析性、更严肃的方式研究历史。 与将来事 实相反 should十动词原形 could/might [语境练悟]一用contrary的短语填空 were to-十动词原形 动词原形 DContrary to some reports,the number of crime is dropping. [链接写作]一完成句子 2It wasn't a good thing;on the contrary,it was a ③If they had helped us,we」 would not have huge mistake failed it. [考点归纳]—知识生成 如果他们帮助了我们，我们就不会失败了。 on the contrary恰恰相反；与此相反（作状语） 2.物十witness+宾语，拟人修饰法 to the contrary相反的；相反地（作定语） 》[教材对接] His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Ex- [销接写作]一完成句子 ploration,a period which witnessed many important 3Contrary to ordinary belief,moderate exercise ac- geographical findings. tually decreases your appetite. 他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个 与通常的看法相反，适度的运动事实上会降低食欲。 见证许多重大地理发现的时期。 Part3句式精剖析 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 DI think she will witness against him. 1.非真实条件句的虚拟语气 2Mr.Brown was a witness to the accident. [教材对接] 3Is there anyone who witnessed (witness)the rob- If you had a time machine,which dynasty would you bery? go back to? [考点归纳]一知识生成 如果你有时间机器，你想回到哪个朝代？ (1)witness sth./that..证明…/见证… [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 witness against...,证明…有罪 DIf I were a boy,I would (will)turn off my phone. witness for..证明…无罪；为…辩护 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would (2)be a witness to sth./doing sth. (will)go skating. 是…的目击者/证人 [考点归纳]—知识生成 give/bear witness to/of.:为，作证 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 [链接写作]—完成句子 类别 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 4However,her children have learned an important 与过去事 should/would/could/ lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. had十过去分词 实相反 might-十have十过去分词 然而，她的孩子们在目睹母亲获得学位的过程中学到 了重要的一课。 进阶>多维检测 学生用书 P226 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 5.Extra warmth from sunlight can put an additional I.单词拼写 load(负荷)on the air-conditioning system. 1.Spending quality time together can strengthen 6.Lockers are available(可获得的)to store any be- the relationship between parents and children. 2.Only after he was brought to the police station did longings during your visit. the boy acknowledge(承认)he had stolen some 7.It will facilitate (the culture and commit- purses from other passengers. ment that the firm hopes to build. 3.What she said convinced(确信)me that she was 8.I'm leaving in an hour and I haven't packed the right person for the position. 4.Nowadays,many famous poets in ancient China 包)yet! and their great works are still influential g.The young couple has just adopted(领养)a 响的). homeless girl surviving the great earthquake. ·219· 高考总复习英语(YL) Ⅱ.单句语法填空 9.She spent a whole afternoon sorting out her 1.It is a harmonious (harmony)community where stamps. pupils are happy and industrious(勤劳的)， 10.This message will be loaded with lots and lots of 2.The government tried to convince its citizens of energy. the safety of travelling by airplane V.完成句子 3.As electronic products become more and more 1.太阳开始在天上升起来，把山沐浴在金色阳光里。 popular,our handwriting is influenced (influen- The sun began to rise in the sky,bathing the tial)badly. mountain in golden light. 4.We must strengthen (strength)our unity in the 2.他努力使妻子相信他是清白的。 face of powerful enemies. He tried hard to convince his wife of his inno- 5.While working in the ward,he only dared to eat cence and drink a little when he felt exceptionally (ex- 3.令公众惊讶的是，到目前为止，政府还没有对这个 ceptional)hungry and thirsty. 问题做出反应。 6.WHO declared that the coronavirus outbreak was To the astonishment of the public,up to now,the a global health emergency,acknowledging (ac- government hasn't reacted to the problem. knowledge)that the disease was a risk beyond 4.我代替约翰来这领奖，因为他今天感觉不舒服。 China. I am here to receive this award on behalf of John, 7.In the forest,sound is a better means of commu- for he's not feeling well today. nication over distance in comparison (compare) 5.他们轮流上夜班。 with light. They were taking turns to be on the night shift 8.He always bemoans(抱怨)the shortage of funds [重落实] for research. I.单元巩固练 9.She talked about her beautiful bear skin,and Kay 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全 felt as if he was sinking into a pile of snow. 短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 10.All night long he lay awake,thinking (think)of Between 1405 and 1433,on behalf of the Yongle the problem. Emperor,Zheng He,one of China's most 1.influen- Ⅲ.选词填空 tial (influence)explorers,made a total of seven voy- ages.His ships,2.loaded (load)with china,silk, on behalf of,contribute to,contrary to,sort out,in tea and other treasures paid friendly visits to more panic,allow for,regardless of,be loaded with,de- than 30 countries and regions.Zheng He's seven clare war on,get in touch with voyages had a far-reaching impact 3.on China and its 1.Contrary to what people expect,the play has neighbours,4.exposing (expose)foreign people to proved to be very successful. Chinese culture,and allowing the Chinese to 2.On behalf of my parents,I like to thank all our 5.better (well)understand overseas lands. guests for attending my brother's wedding din- Christopher Columbus,an 6.Italian (Italy)ex- ner. plorer,made his first voyage from Spain with three 3.You have to allow for a certain amount of error. ships 7.carrying (carry)about 90 crewmen after 4.Taking regular exercise contributes to good continuous attempts on 3 August 1492.The journey health. was full of 8.challenges (challenge).Finally on 12 5.When you are in London,you might get in touch October 1492,Columbus reached the Caribbean.Be- with a friend of mine. tween 1493 9.and 1504,he found more land over the 6.She was in panic and forgot to call the police for course of his three subsequent voyages.His voyages help. marked the beginning of the Age of Exploration,al- 7.It takes in anybody regardless of religion,colour. lowing 10.for an international exchange of ideas and 8.It's time to declare war on various pollutions. cultures. ·220· 基础必备选择性必修第三册 Ⅱ.话题微写作（告知信） Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(23)一动作描写“脚(foot)” 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter给你发邮 ●[多样表达] 件，想了解中国改革开放以来的变化以及人们对中国 l.barefoot adj..&.adu.赤脚的（地） 未来发展的期待。请你给他回邮件，内容包括： 2.jump/rise to one's feet跳起来/站起来 1.居住环境的变化； 3.tap/stamp one's feet跺脚 2.出行方式的变化； 4.in bare foot光着脚 3.对中国未来发展的期待。 5.get/leap to one's feet直起身来/跳起来 注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总 6.drag one's feet拖着脚步 词数； 7.put one's feet up跷起脚休息 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 8.walk on the street aimlessly漫无目的地走在大街上 Dear Peter, 9.slip away溜走了 l0.creep up to蹑手蹑脚地去. ●[佳句观摩] 1.当她父母让她回家时，她正跷着脚看电视。 She was putting her feet up and watching TV when her parents asked her to return home. 2.当她听到这个消息时，她跳了起来。 Yours, Li Hua She jumped to her feet when she heard the news. [参考范文] 3.一开始她双脚钉在地上，不肯动。 Dear Peter, At first,she planted her feet firmly to the ground In your last e-mail you said you wanted to know the and refused to move. great changes in China since reform and opening-up.I'm 4.她爸爸不耐烦地跺着脚。 now writing to tell you something about them. Her father tapped his feet impatiently. Let's take the living conditions and transporta- ●[好句仿写] tion for example.Many years ago,most people in 1.他们生气地把她拖出宾馆，她的脚乱踢。(with复 China lived in small houses where it was cold in win- 合结构) ter.Now,people live in large houses equipped with They carried her out of the hotel angrily,with her heating systems.Bicycles used to be the main trans- feet kicking. portation.Now private cars have become household 2.她磨磨蹭蹭很不情愿地跟随父母回了家。 items.In the future,Chinese people will keep pace She dragged her feet as she unwillingly followed with the latest science and technology development. her parents home. I hope you can come and see what China is like 3.一到家她就脱下鞋子，光着脚飞快地跑到自己卧室 in person some day. 中。（形容词作状语) Yours, On arriving home,she pulled off her shoes and Li Hua dashed into her bedroom,barefoot and fast. 培优提能加餐 学生用书P228 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出cast的含义 1.Don't forget to bring your sports tackle with you A.投射 B.使人怀疑，造谣中伤 C.投，掷 D.选派 tomorrow n.用具 1.This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his ver- 2.At seven o'clock,the night nurse came in to re- sion of events. B lieve her. v.换岗 2.The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. A 3.The less time I have to spend being civil to him 3.The priceless treasures had been cast into the the better. ad.有礼貌的，客气的 Nile. C ·221· 高考总复习英语(YL) [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:世界历史的局限性 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2o23·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole 1.What is the first paragraph main- world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you ly about? cannot do it through texts alone,because only some of the world has A.How past events should be ever had texts,while most of the world,for most of the time,has presented. not.Writing is one of humanity's later achievements,and until fairly B.What humanity is concerned recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their con- about. cerns not only in writing but in things. C.Whether facts speak louder Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects,and than words. some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases D.Why written language is relia we simply can't.The clearest example of this between literate and ble. non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict,at Botany Bay,be- 2.What does the author indicate by tween Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From mentioning Captain Cook in Par- the English side,we have scientific reports and the captain's record of agraph 2? that terrible day.From the Australian side,we have only a wooden A.His report was significant. shield()dropped by a man in fight after his first experience of gun- B.He represented the local people. shot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, C.He ruled over Botany Bay. the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as D.His record was one-sided. the written reports. 3.What does the underlined word In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, “conversation”in Paragraph3 there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted,especially refer to? when only the victors know how to write.Those who are on the los- A.Problem. B.History. ing side often have only their things to tell their stories.The Caribbe- C.Voice. D.Society. an Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin 4.Which of the following books is the and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now text most likely selected from? of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they A.How Maps Tell Stories of the made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.When World we consider contact()between literate and non-literate societies B.A Short History of Australia such as these,all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted,on- C.A History of the World in ly one half of a dialogue.If we are to find the other half of that con- 100 Objects versation,we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. D.How Art Works Tell Stories [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅 历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大 依靠书面文字来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将 多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之 物品纳入历史叙事以便更好地理解无文字社会的重 一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文 要性。 字，而且用实物来记录他们需要的事情。)”可推知， l.A[主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want 第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。] to tell the history of the whole world,a history 2.D[推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a that does not privilege one part of humanity,you history would bring together texts and objects, cannot do it through texts alone,because only and some chapters of this book are able to do just some of the world has ever had texts,while most that,but in many cases we simply can't.(理想情 of the world,for most of the time,has not.Writ- 况下，历史应该将文字和实物结合在一起，这本（历 ing is one of humanity's later achievements,and 史)书的某些章节能够做到这一，点，但在许多情况 until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) 下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该 societies recorded their concerns not only in writ- 是文字和实物相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我 ing but in things.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历 们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the 史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能 English side,we have scientific reports and the 仅仅通过文字来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的 captain's record of that terrible day.From the ·222· 基础必备选择性必修第三册 Australian side,we have only a wooden shield ◆素材积累 (dropped by a man in fight after his first ex- (一)由文本积累主题词块 perience of gunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报 1.the history of the whole world 世界历史 告和库克船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利 2.humanity's later achievement 人类后来的成就 亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男 3.texts and objects 文本和物体 子在第一次经历枪击后在战斗中扔下的。)”可知， 4.literate and non-literate history 作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的， 有文字和无文字的历史 只从自己的角度描述了问题。] 3.B[词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Carib 5.in addition to 除了…还有 6.first-hand accounts bean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the Afri- 一手的叙述 can people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom ap- 7.in many cases 在很多情况下 pear in this book,can speak to us now of their (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 past achievements most powerfully through the 1.privilege v. 给予特权 objects they made:a history told through things 2.fairly adv. 相当地 gives them back a voice.When we consider con- 3.conflict n. 冲突 tact (between literate and non-literate soci- 4.reconstruct v. 重现，使再现 eties such as these,all our first-hand accounts are 5.interpret v. 解释 necessarily twisted,only one half of a dialogue. 6.miscomprehension n. 误解 (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非 7.twist v. 扭曲 洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中， 8.gunshot n. 炮击 他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义代表的字母填到横 他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了 线上) 他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文字社 object 会和无文字社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手 资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划 A物体B宾语C.客观D.反对 线句“If we are to find the other half of that con DIf it is a transitive verb,what is its object? versation,we have to read not just the texts,but B the objects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们 2When a large object impacts the Earth,it makes 不仅要读文字，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历 a crater. A 史的了解，只是书写历史的人想要让我们了解的历 3I objected that he was too young for the job. 史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅 D 要读文字也要读物体。所以conversation指的是 ◆长句缩写 “历史”。] If you want to tell the history of the whole world, 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want a history that does not privilege one part of hu- to tell the history of the whole world,a history that does not privilege one part of humanity,you manity,you cannot do it through texts alone,be- cannot do it through texts alone,because only cause only some of the world has ever had texts, some of the world has ever had texts,while most while most of the world,for most of the time,has of the world,for most of the time,has not..(如果 not. 你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分 [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文字来讲述，因为 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合 (If you want to tell the history of the whole 最后一段的“If we are to find the other half of that world),(a history)(that does not privilege one conversation,we have to read not just the texts, part of humanity),you cannot do it through texts but the objects..(如果我们要找到对话的另一半， alone,[(because only some of the world has ever 我们不仅要读文字，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述 仅仅依靠书面文字来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要 had texts),while(most of the world,(for most 更好的了解历史就要将文字和物品结合在一起。 of the time),has not)]. 从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件实物中的世界 [句子缩写]You cannot do it through texts 历史》。] alone..(不超过10个单词) ·223·