基础必备 必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础必备 Unit 4 主题语境人与社会一科学家与科学精神 Scientists who changed the world 析>译>背高考复杂句式0 FUZA JUSH 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 l.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese cul 本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构 纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士 tural elements commemorating Tang 比亚”的汤显祖的中国 Xianzu,who is known as "the Chinese cultural elements...add an in- 文化元素为威廉一莎士 Shakespeare of Asia,add an in- ternational character to.,,,其中who引 比亚的故乡埃文河畔的 ternational character to Stratford- 导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang 斯特拉福德增添了国际 upon-Avon,William Shakespeare's Xianzua 特色。 hometown. 本句是一个主从复合句。That'swhy most pet cats are able to tell immediately; 2.(2024·全国甲卷)That'swhy why most pet cats are able to tell immedi- 这就是为什么大多数宠 most pet cats are able to tell im- ately为why引导的表语从句；if their 物猫能够立即判断它们 mediately if their owners were owners were around any other cats为if的主人是否曾接触过其 around any other cats,which they 引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语；which他猫，而它们通常不喜 don't usually like. they don't usually like为which引导的非 欢主人这样做。 限制性定语从句，修饰说明它们的主人接 触过其他猫的这种情况。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书p114 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.deadly adj. 致命的；十足的 13.accident n. 意外，偶然的事 2.broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的 14.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏祖 3.intend vt.&vi. 想要，计划 n. 帮助 4.experiment n. 实验，试验 15.theory n. 学说，理论；原理 vi 做试验 16.charge vt.&vi. 充电；收费 5.trial n. 试用，试验 17.standout adj. 突出的 词 vi.&vt. 1. 突出的人（或物） 测试，试验 18.involve ut. 包含；牵涉；参加 6.limited adj. 有限的 19.credit n. 赞扬，认可 其 7.postpone vt. 延迟，延期 vt. 存入金额；把…归于 8.sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 20.moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 9.wisdom n. 智慧，知识 21.freedom n. 自由 10.conduct vt.vi. 组织，实施 22.authority n. 权威，权力 11.illustrate vt. 说明，解释 23.declare vt. 表明，宣称 12.indicate vt. 表明，暗示 24.publish vt. 出版，发行；发表 110· 基础必备必修第三册 1.survival n.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者 2.reference n.提到；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；将…送/交给 3.benefit n.好处，益处→beneficial adj.有益的，有帮助的 4.surround vt.包围；围绕→>surrounding adj.周围的；环绕的→surroundings n.环境；周围的事物 5.intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n.智力；智慧 展 6.political adj.政治的→politics n.政治（学）→politician n.政治家 7.electrical adj.电的；电学的；与电有关的→electric adj.电动的；发电的→electricity m.电力；电流→ 词 electronic adj..电子的 8.scientific adj.科学（上）的；关于科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 9.applicantn.申请人→application.申请；申请表→apply vr.申请；应用 用 10.negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的→positive（反义词)adj.积极的，肯定的 1l.ignorant adj.不了解的；无知的→ignorance.不了解；无知 l2.permit v.许可n.许可证→permission n.许可；允许 13.responsibility n.责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任心的 l4.nationality n.国籍；民族→nation n.国家；民族；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的 l5.marriage n.结婚；婚姻→marry vt.结婚；嫁；娶 阅 读 1.republic n. 共和国，共和政体 日期：时代 2.province n. 省，省份 5.date n. 词 6.error n. 错误，差错 3.herb n. 药草，香草；草本 7.thunderstorm n. 雷雨，雷暴 4.household adj. 家庭的 其 n. 一家人 8.metal n. 金属 义 >N0.2 同根联想记 —一线串 后缀-ance/ence构成的名词大排档 ①ignore-→ignorance忽视 ⑥perform-→performance表演 ②guide-→guidance指导 ⑦exist-→existence存在 ③appear-→appearance出现 ⑧depend→dependence依赖 ④assist-→assistance帮助 ⑨differ-→difference不同 ⑤annoy-→annoyance烦恼 ⑩prefer→preference偏爱 Part 2 妙记·核心短语 >No.1 短语分类记一 层级背 1.speed up (使)加速 6.let sb.down 使某人失望 2.pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 7.as to 关于，至于 3.through trial and error 通过反复试验 8.take it for granted 想当然地认为 4.by accident 偶然，意外地 9.put forward 提出，提议，建议 5.with a bang 很成功；引人注目 10.refer to 提到，提及，查阅 >No.2 同根联想记一一线串 串记1.“by十n.”短语全扫描 串记2.“v.+0(介词)”短语荟萃 ①refer to查阅 ①by coincidence巧合地 ②add to增加；增添 ②by accident偶然地 ③object to反对 ③by chance偶然地 ④stick to坚持 ④by design故意地 ⑤lead to导致；通向 ⑤by mistake错误地 ⑥apply to适用于 111· 高考总复习英语(YL) [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of 1.不定式作定语 China to receive a Nobel Prize(获得诺贝尔奖)，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2.with的复合结构 Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced(生产了大量的青蒿提 取物)，however,.they still faced another problem. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discov- 3.what引导的表语从句 eries in history,but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for 历山大·弗莱明所寻找的东西)when he found it in September 1928. As Louis Pasteur said(正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样)，“Fortune favors the 4.as引导定语从句 prepared mind..” 5.it作形式宾语 Now,we scientists take it for granted that(想当然地认为)it is perfectly possible to live and not know 聚焦层级突破 学生用书P116 聚焦核心要点落实 Part.1单词悟讲记 2.beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 》 [教材对接] [核心单词] Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing 1.intend.想要；打算；意欲 on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine,will ◆[教材对接] indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria, health care. and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended 也许后世的科学家借鉴传统中医药的智慧，将发现更 to find a cure for the disease. 多有益于全球医疗保健的药物。 在20世纪60年代，许多人死于疟疾。1969年，屠呦呦担 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 任了一个课题组的组长，计划找到该疾病的治疗方案。 ①(2021·北京卷)But there is a whole range of oth [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 er health issues that turning up the radio could be ①(2024·1月浙江卷)The last time I used a phone beneficial (benefit)for,which is what makes music box for its intended(intend)purpose was...2006. so valuable. ②（全国Ⅱ卷）Written communications can often ②(2023·全国乙卷)There are many benefits to read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping intention (intend)clear. growing plants indoors. ③(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style,how 3We should spend money on things that everyone ever,is a serious message intended (intend)for eve- can benefit from. ryone. [考点归纳]一知识生成 [考点归纳]一知识生成 (1)be beneficial to对…有益；对…有利 (l)intend.想要；打算；意欲 (2)benefit n.利益；好处 intend to do sth.打算做某事 ut.&vi. 使受益；得益于；有助于 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 for the benefit of为…的利益 be intended for为…打算（或设计）的 be of benefit to对…有益 (2)intention n.意图；目的；打算 benefit from/by..从…受益；得益于 intention of doing sth../to do sth.做某事的意图，打算 benefit sb.对某人有益 with the intention of doing sth..怀着做某事的目的、意图 [链接写作]一一句多译 [链接写作]—一句型转换 每天做大量的运动对我们的健康很有好处。 4The book is intended for the disabled children in Plenty of exercise every day is of great benefit to the area and has been published.(用过去分词短语作 our health.(benefit) 定语) 5Plenty of exercise every day is very beneficial to -The book intended for the disabled children in the our health.(beneficial) area has been published. ·112· 基础必备必修第三册 3.conduct n,行为；举止；管理方法t.组织；安排； [学以致用]一选词填空(surroundings,environ- 带领 ment) ◆[教材对接] 4As is known to all,an unhappy home environment Their efforts to conduct research in both fields may can affect a child's behavior. finally pay off. 5It took me a few weeks to get used to my new sur- 他们在两个领域做研究所付出的努力最终或许会有 roundings. 回报。 [链接写作]—完成句子 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 6The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, DUnder the conduct of his father,their business which was surrounded by a high wire fence. was very successful. 饥饿的熊嗅着味道来到我们的营地，那里被一个高高 ②(2023·新课标I卷)The experiment of estimation 的铁丝网包围着。 he conducted (conduct)showed that in some cases, 5.favour vt..较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠，赞同 the average of a large number of independent esti- 》[教材对接] mates could be quite accurate. As Louis Pasteur said,"Fortune favours the pre- ③(2024·新课标I卷)We''ll explore beautiful park pared mind.” sites while conducting(conduct)invasive(侵入的) 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准备 plant removal,winter planting,and seed collection. 的人。” [考点归纳]—知识生成 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 under the conduct of...在…管理（指导）下 DCould you do me a favour and watch the baby for conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview half an hour? 进行调查/实验/面试 2We're all in favour of equal pay for equal work. conduct oneself well/,badly举止、表现好/差 3I know your favourite (favour)is buying a car. [链接写作]—完成句子 4Since your economic situations are favourable (fa- 4 To test the effect of social influence on eating hab- vour)to you,you can buy the car. its,the researchers conducted two experiments. [考点归纳]—知识生成 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行 (1)ask a favour of sb. 了两个实验。 求某人帮一个忙；求某人做某事 4.surround vt..包围；围绕 do a favour for sb.=do sb.a favour ◆[教材对接] 帮某人一个忙；给某人做件事！ He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould owe sb.a favour欠某人一个人情 were dead. (2)be in (out of)favour (with) 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌已经死亡。 受宠（失宠）；得到（不受）偏爱 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 in favour of赞成；主张 DThe island is surrounded with/by the sea. in one's favour对某人有利 ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)In addition,there's no need (3)favourite adj.特别喜爱的 for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute tradi- n.特别喜爱的人或物 tional farms and the surrounding (surround)envi- [链接写作]—完成句子 ronment. 5A survey carried out last year showed that 80%of 3He immediately noticed the advantage of his new the middle aged in this city were in favour of the surroundings (surround) [考点归纳]—知识生成 proposal for health care reform. 去年进行的一项调查显示，本市80%的中年人赞成 (l)be surrounded by..被…包围、环绕 医疗改革的提议。 (2)surrounding adj.周围的；附近的 6.charge n.费用；价钱；主管，负责y.装满；控告；收 surroundings m.环境 费；充电 易混辨析] >[教材对接] 主要指自然环境，偏重于生活、居住 When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning surroundings 的周围环境。 would charge the key. 当雷暴临近的时候，闪电就会把电引到钥匙上。 指大的自然环境，范围要比sur [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空 roundings大；也可指精神环境、人文 environment 环境。强调环境对人的感受、道德以 DThe police charged the thief with stealing the jewels. 2How much did he charge you for repairing this 及观念的影响。 pair of shoes? 113· 高考总复习英语(YL) 3The house has been in the charge of Mr.Bell for 3When they asked him for his opinion,he declared more than a year. strongly against the policy. 4Mr.Bell has been in charge of the house for more 他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。 than a year. 4He solemnly declared that it was true. [考点归纳]—知识生成 他郑重声明此事属实。 (l)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用 5They will sign the declaration tomorrow. charge sb..with(doing)sth.控告某人（做）某事 他们明天将签署这份公告 (2)take charge of掌管/负责 Part,2短语巧突破 》 in the charge of受…的管理；由…负责 in charge of负责 l.refer to提及；谈到；参考；查阅；提交 (3)free of charge-=for free免费 P[教材对接] [链接写作]一句型转换 When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chi- 汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。 nese medicine again. 5The company is in the charge of Tom while the 当他们未能取得任何预期的效果时，屠呦呦再次去查 boss is away. 阅历代中医药典籍。 6Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is [语境练悟]—写出黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空 away. DYour notes are excellent materials to refer to when DTom takes charge of the company while the boss you are studying for a test. 参考 is away. 2We often referred to the dictionary for new words [间考单词] in reading. 查阅 1.survival n.幸存；残存物 ③(2o23·全国乙卷)What does the underlined word [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 “conversation”in Paragraph3 refer to? 指的是 D How does the family survive on such a small ④(2024·新课标I卷)First,a girl I met one day monthly wage? told me she was training for a "super,"referring(re- 2As far as I know,the old lady survived her hus fer)to a 52.4-mile double marathon. band by 5 years. 5People who work in offices are usually referred to 3If he couldn't find his way out of the forest,there as“white collar workers”. would be little chance of survival (survive). 6As the situation was unusual,he referred the mat- 4The survivors survive)of the earthquake are ter to the editor. fighting for survival. [考点归纳]—知识生成 2.permit vt,.&vi.允许，准许n.许可证 (1)refer to..as..把…称作… [语境练悟]—单句语法填空/补全句子 refer..to.·把…提交给…；让（人）参考… ①(2023·1月浙江卷)Citizens of higher social clas- (2)reference n.提及；参考；查阅 ses were permitted (permit)to live closer to the cen reference book参考书；工具书 ter of the circles. [链接写作]—完成句子 ②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inap- DYou'd better write down the phone number of that propriately will be refused permission (permit)to restaurant for you to refer to. participate. 你最好写下餐馆里的电话号码供将来查阅。 3They are not permitted to take photos in the park. 2.pay off成功，奏效，达到目的 不允许他们在公园里拍照。 ●[教材对接] 4We don't permit smoking in the meeting room. The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. 我们不允许在会议室抽烟。 屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。 5If you have no driving permit you will not be per- [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空 mitted to drive the car. DWill you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that 如果你没有驾驶执照，就不被允许开这辆车。 we may meet again? 3.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They could not afford to pay [语境练悟]—补全句子 for transportation for their dog,Tiffy,and desper- DThe United States declared its independence from ately wanted to take her with them. Britain in 1776. 3I am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you. 美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。 ④(2021·浙江卷)Many would say the Internet is a place 2Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. for people who have given up on the traditional postal 英国在1914年向德国宣战。 service,but Paulo's hunch(直觉)paid off. 114· 基础必备必修第三册 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [考点归纳]—知识生成 (1)pay a visit to参观，拜访 (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等 (2)pay for付钱；为…付出代价 修饰时或前有the next,.the only,the last等时，常用 (3)pay back偿还 不定式作后置定语。 [链接写作]一完成句子 (2)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词 5As a proverb goes,where there is a will,there is a 之后。 way.Our efforts will pay off sooner or later. (3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式 正如谚语所说，有志者，事竞成。我们的努力早晚会 所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不 定式后面须加相应的介词。 得到回报。 (4)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常 3.by accident偶然地；意外地 见的有：ability,chance,ambition,offer,anxiety,an- [教材对接] swer,reply,attempt,belief等。 One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by ac- [链接写作]——完成句子 cident,but actually this is far from the truth. 有人可能认为弗莱明发现青霉素是出于偶然，然而实 5He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts. 事远非如此。 他总是吃苦在前，享受在后 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 2.as引导的定语从句 DI stepped on your foot simply by accident. [教材对接] 2I came here on purpose to see you. As Louis Pasteur said,"Fortune favours the pre- 3Did you do it by chance or on purpose/by design? pared mind.” [考点归纳]—知识生成 正如路易·巴斯德所说的那样：“机会眷顾有准 by chance偶然；意外地 备的人。” on purpose故意地 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 by design故意地 ①(2023·全国甲卷)..the form of the fable still [温馨提示]表示“偶然遇到”的动词短语： has values today,as Rachel Carson says in "A Fable come across,run into,meet...by chance,meet with, for Tomorrow”. run across等。 2This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. [链接写作]一句型转换 3This is such a difficult question as nobody can OI'm sorry I didn't break the cup on purpose. work out. [考点归纳]一知识生成 >I'm sorry I broke the cup by chance/accident. Part.3句式精剖析 -》 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如；正 1.不定式作定语 像”之意，代指整个主句的内容，常放于主句之 前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。 P[教材对接] 用 法 (2)as引导限制性定语从句时，先行词常与 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the same,such,so等搭配。 the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel 纳 (3)在such..as.,.中，as引导限制性定语从 Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight 句，而such..that..中，that引导结果状语 against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in hu- 从句。 man history. 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的 女科学家，她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡 (1)与as不同，which引导非限制性定语从句 献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 时，只能放在句中，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/ 注 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 正像…”之意。 (2)在such.·as..定语从句中，as在从句中 DIf I have any further news,you will be the first 项所 作宾语。 person to know (know). (3)在such..that..状语从句中，that不作 2There was no signal in that faraway village and all 任何成分。 my attempts to contact (contact)you failed. 3She has only a little room to live (live)in. [链接写作]一完成句子 4The ability to express (express)an idea is as im 4As is known to us all,China is in the east of Asia. portant as the idea itself. 众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。 ·115· 高考总复习 英语(YL) 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P121 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 1.Children always take it for granted that their par- I.单词拼写 ents should take care of them and do everything l.Ancient Greece was a fountain of wisdom(智慧) for them. and philosophy. 2.Twelve years'efforts paid off the moment he 2.Before they drew the conclusion,they had carried got the news that he had been admitted to Pe- out a lot of experiments(实验). king University. 3.She agreed to employ me for a trial (period. 3.In his speech,he referred to a recent trip to Cana- 4.Food will last longer if kept in an airtight contain- da the other day. er(容器). 4.Obviously,a good learning habit can help us to 5.We have gained sufficient(足够的)experience to speed up the process of reaching our goals. deal with this kind of problems. 5.Don't be angry with him.He made the mistake by 6.The smile on her face indicates that she is accident. willing to help us. 6.Now you show me a successful complex system, 7.It's fact of life that some people are born more in- and I will show you a system that has evolved telligent(聪明的)than others.. through trial and error. 8.Because of the flood,the electricity (supply in 7.There were doubts as to whether she was included this area was cut off. in the invitation. 9.He lost both of his legs in an accident(事故)， 8.Your parents hope that you will go to a Ivy col- which made him suffer a lot. lege.Work hard and don't let them down. 10.Now there are many different kinds of electric V.完成句子 (电的)lights which are cheap and environmen 1.我想去买一本供英语初学者使用的词典。 tally friendly. I want to buy a dictionary (which is)intended for Ⅱ.单句语法填空 English beginners. 1.It is thought that his survival (survive)of the air- 2.跳广场舞对身体有好处。 plane crash is a miracle. Square dancing is beneficial for our health. 2.The book intended (intend)for children is well 3.正如俗话所说，无风不起浪。 worth reading. As the saying goes,where there is smoke,there is 3.We are doing our best with the limited (limit)re- fire. sources available. 4.他理所当然地认为他的朋友应该帮助他。 4.Keeping a balanced diet and taking enough exer- He took it for granted that his friends should help him. cise is beneficial (benefit)to our health. 5.他想知道围绕这个城市旅行的最好方式 5.I want to live in a small village which is surroun- He wants to know the best way to travel around ded (surround)by mountains. the city 6.While wandering on the street,he met his old [重落实] friend by accident. I.单元巩固练 7.I hope there are more people in favour of my opin- 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全 ion. 短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 8.Due to the application (apply)of this medical Tu Youyou,1.born (bear)in 1930,in Ningbo, technology,some diseases can be treated at the Zhejiang Province,has become the first female Chi- early stage. nese scientist 2.to receive (receive)a Nobel Prize for 9.He didn't want to let his parents down,so he her contribution to 3.the fight against malaria,one studied even harder than before. of the deadliest diseases in human history.Thanks to 10.Ignorance (ignore)is no excuse for breaking her discovery of ginghaosu,malaria patients all over the the law. world now have had a 4.greatly (great)increased chance Ⅲ.选词填空 of survival. refer to,speed up,pay off,by accident,as to,let In the 1960s,many people were dying of malar- sb.down,through trial and error,take it for gran ia,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team 5.intend- ted ing (intend)to find a cure for the disease.After 190 ·116· 基础必备必修第三册 failures,Tu and her team 6.succeeded (succeed)in Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(12) “有关看的表达” making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in ●[多样表达] mice.In order to produce enough qinghao extract 1.watch v.观察；聚精会神地看 for large trials,they had to put qinghao into house- 2.observe v.观察 hold water 7.containers (container).Besides,to 3.notice v.注意到 speed up the process and ensure its safety,Tu and 4.glance at一瞥，看一眼 her team even volunteered to test the qinghao ex- 5.stare at盯住 tract on 8.themselves (them)first. 6.glare at怒目而视 The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid 9.off.In November 1972,they successfully isolated 7.peep at偷窥 8.gaze at凝视 the most effective part of the extract and named it qinghaosu,10.which is now a key part of many ma- 9.glimpse at瞥一眼 laria medicines and has benefited about 200 million 10.catch sight of看到 people. 11.look around环顾 Ⅱ.话题微写作（邮件） 12.look down俯视 假定你是李华，在暑假参与了一次社区志愿者服 13.look through浏览 务活动。请你给英国朋友Frank写封邮件分享这次 14.catch a glimpse of偷瞄一眼 经历，内容包括： 15.look out of the window望向窗外 1.你做的工作； 16.take a quick look瞥见；不经意看到 2.你的收获。 17.look at sb.straight in the eyes/look into one's eyes 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 直视某人的眼睛 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答； l8.exchange a glance with sb..与某人交换眼色 3.尽量用本单元知识点。 19.eyes rest on sth.目光落在… Dear Frank, 20.fix eyes on盯着 I hope this letter finds you well. ●[佳句观摩] 1.我们都聚在电视机前，祈求看一眼他的脸。 We all gathered in front of the television,praying to catch a glance/glimpse of his face. 2.没有其他人注意到我们，我放下礼物，猛地按了按 Best regards, 他的门铃。 Li Hua Seeing no other people notice us,I placed the pres- [参考范文] ent down and pounded his doorbell. Dear Frank, 3.她的眼晴落在我四岁生日聚会时我和她的照片上。 I hope this letter finds you well.This summer, Her eyes fell on the photos of her and me at my I had the opportunity to engage in a community vol- fourth birthday party. unteer service activity that was both challenging and ●[好句仿写] fulfilling.My role involved tutoring children from 1.她快乐地唱歌，用又大又明亮的眼睛目不转晴地看 low-income families in mathematics and science,as well as 着周围的环境。 helping to organize community clean-up events. Singing happily,she gazed at her surroundings Through this experience,I've gained a profound with her large,innocent eyes. sense of accomplishment.Not only did I enhance my organizational and communication skills,but I also 2.这位妇女热切地看着这个女孩，想和她说话。 learned the value of teamwork and the impact one The woman was staring eagerly at the girl,trying can make by contributing to society.The apprecia- to make a conversation. tion in the eyes of the children and the community 3.当这位女士感到越来越沮丧和绝望时，我无助地 members was incredibly rewarding. 看着。 Best regards, I watched helplessly,as the woman felt more and Li Hua more frustrated and hopeless. 117 高考总复习英语(YL) 培优~提能加餐 学生用书P123 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一据语境选出pace的含义 1.They are refusing to inject any more capital A.n.速度；步伐 B.n.节奏 金)into the industry. v.(给…)投入（资金） C.vt.&.vi.确定速度；调整节奏D.vi.走来走去 2.Anyway,I tried to pace myself,and after a while, 1.To be honest,I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the other runners started getting slower,so I was the country. B able to overtake them and finally win the race! 2.She stood up and began to pace up and down. D .控制节奏或速度 3.When John found he was going to be late,he 3.We had to offer our house as a guarantee when stepped up his pace. A getting the loan. n.抵押品；保证金 4.It's a long climb,so you have to pace yourself. C [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:对社会有突出贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 1.What can we learn about John (2023·新课标I卷)When John Todd was a child,he loved to ex- from the first two paragraphs? plore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved prob- A.He was fond of traveling. lems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing B.He enjoyed being alone. through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got C.He had an inquiring mind. older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up D.He longed to be a doctor. the messes people were making. 2.Why did John put the sludge After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John into the tanks? went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer- A.To feed the animals. causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he B.To build an ecosystem. figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided C.To protect the plants. to build what he would later call an eco-machine. D.To test the eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances 3.What is the author's purpose from some sludge().First,he constructed a series of clear fiber- in mentioning Fuzhou？ glass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local A.To review John's research plans. ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He B.To show an application of placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different John's idea. kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. C.To compare John's different After a few weeks,John added the sludge. jobs. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco- D.To erase doubts about John's machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it invention had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. 4.What is the basis for John's Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a work? greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage()from 1,600 homes in A.Nature can repair itself. South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. B.Organisms need water to “Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life survive. on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says. C.Life on Earth is diverse. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. D.Most tiny creatures live in Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. groups. ·118· 基础必备必修第三册 [语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John ing.Then you let these new systems develop their Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个 own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系 生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化 中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自 污水。 我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自 l.C[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd 我修复。] was a child,he loved to explore the woods around ◆素材积累 his house,observing how nature solved problems. (一)由文本积累主题词块 A dirty stream,for example,often became clear 1.explore the woods 探索树林 after flowing through plants and along rocks 2.solve problems 解决问题 where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, 3.be used to do 被用来做 John started to wonder if this process could be 4.clean up the messes 清理脏物 used to clean up the messes people were making. 5.combination of animals and plants 动植物结合 (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房 6.remove harmful substances from some sludge 子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例 从污泥中除去有害物质 如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩 7.little by little 逐渐地 石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个 8.take on many big jobs 承担了很多大型工作项目 过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物。)”以及第 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 二段“After studying agriculture,medicine,and 1.observe v. 观察 fisheries in college,John went back to observing 2.stream n. 小溪 nature and asking questions.Why can certain 3.creature n. 生物 plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？Which kinds 4.process n. 过程 of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？(在大学 5.trap v. 困住 学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察 6.remove v. 除去 自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕 7.organism n. 有机体 获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可 8.ecosystem n. 生态系统 知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。] (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横线上） 2.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few 1.spare weeks,John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰 :A.额外的B.高挑的C.业余的D.备用的 把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was DShe was thin and spare amazed at the results.The plants and animals in 2I have several spare batteries in my house. the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began D to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested, 2.digest and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感 A.消化B.理解C.摘要D.把…分类 到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物， 开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯 DThe organization publishes a digest of statistics. 净的水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试 C 生态机器。门 2Allow your food to digest before exercising. 3.B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He de- ◆长句缩写 veloped a greenhouse-like facility that treated sew- A dirty stream,for example,often became clear age(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burling- after flowing through plants and along rocks ton.He also designed an eco-machine to clean ca- where tiny creatures lived. nal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中 A (dirty)stream,(for example),(often)became 国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到 clear [after flowing through plants and along rocks 福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。] (where tiny creatures lived)]. 4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organ [句子缩写]A stream became clear.(不超过l0 isms in new relationships and observe what's happen- 个单词) ·119·