基础必备 必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

必修第三册 基础必备 Unit 1 主题语境人与自然一」 环境与环境保护 Nature in the balance 析>译>背高考复杂句式0 FUZA JUSHI 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 L.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Moreover,hav 本句是一个主从复合句。having a sys- 此外，在食用作物的同 ing a system in the same building tem in the same building为动名词短语 一座建筑内建立一个系 where it's eaten means zero emis- 作主语，where it's eaten引导定语从句， 统，这意味着将作物从 sions from transporting plants from 修饰先行词building,means为句子 土壤输送到沙拉的过程 soil to salad. 谓语。 中零排放。 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)She writes from 本句是一个主从复合句。She writes她从商业人士（而非学 the practical angle of a business per- from the practical angle of a business 者)的实用角度出发，使 son rather than as an academic,mak- person rather than as an academic; 得这本指南通俗易懂、 ing for a guide which is highly acces- making for,,asAI是非谓语短语作 内容丰富，读完之后，你 sible and informative and which,by 结果状语，其中嵌人两个which引导的 会觉得自己几乎和人工 the close,will make you feel almost as smart as Al. 定语从句，都修饰先行词guide。 智能一样聪明。 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P83 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.overseas adj. 海外的，国外的 17.resident n. 居民，住户 2.region n. 地区，区域；行政区 18.chief n. 首领 3.million num. 一百万；许多，大量 adj. 主要的；首席的 4.beneath prep. 在…下面，在…下方 19.entirely adv. 完全地，全部地 5.mass n. 大量；团，块；一大群 20.protest vi. 反对，抗议 adj. 大批的，广泛的 vt. 反对，坚持声称 写 6.towering adj. 高大的，高耸的 21.profit n. 利润，收益 7.impact n. 影响，作用 . 获益，得到好处 vi.&ut. 有影响；冲击 过程，进程 词 22.process n. 8.damage vt.&.n. 损害，伤害 U1. 加工，处理 9.climate n. 气候；倾向 23.policy n. 政策，方针；原则 其 10.global adj. 全球的；全面的 24.branch n. 部门；树枝 11.absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地 25.strategy n. 策略，行动计划 12.medal n. 奖章，勋章 26.recycle vt. 回收利用 13.deer n. 鹿 27.former adj. 昔日的，从前的 14.track v. 跟踪，追踪 28.further adj. 更多的 n. 足迹，踪迹 adv. 较远 15.habitat n 生活环境 ut. 促进，增进 16.nowhere adv. 无处，哪里都不 29.length n. 长度 ·80· 基础必备必修第三册 L.harm ut.&n.伤害；损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变variety m.变化；多样化；品种→various adj.不同的；各种各样的 3.living adj.有生命的→live v.生活→alive adj..活着的 4.survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还→survival n.幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者 5.nutrient n.养分，营养物→nutritious adj.有营养的 6.disappear vi..不见；消失→disappearance n.不见；消失→appear vi..出现（反义词） 拓 7.agricultural adj.农业（劳动/生产）→agriculture n.农业；农艺 展 8.extinct adj.己灭绝的→extinction n.灭绝 9.apply vi,.&t.运用；涉及；申请→applicant n.申请人；求职人→application n.应用；用途；申请 词 10.organize ut.组织→organization n.组织；机构；团体 通 1l.image n.形象，图像→imagine v.想象→imagination m.想象 其 l2.defence n.保护；防卫→defend v.防护；防卫 用 l3.economy n.经济→economic n.经济的 14.official n.&adj.官员，官方的→office n.办公室 l5.poverty n.贫穷→poor adj.贫穷的 16.poison n.毒药；毒害vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 17.chemical adj..与化学有关的；化学的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.药房；药店；化学家 l8.consequence n.结果；后果→consequent ad.作为结果的；由…而起的>consequently ad.因此；所以； 结果 1.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 7.drought n. 旱灾，久旱 读 2.wildlife n. 野生动植物 8.brochure n. 小册子 词 3.insect n. 昆虫 9.dolphin n. 海 4.microorganism n 微生物 10.committee n. 委员会 明 其 5.oxygen n. 氧，氧气 11.smog n. 烟雾 6.greenhouse n. 温室，暖房 12.subway n. 地铁；地下人行道 No.2 同根联想记 线串 1.植物 2.动物 ①insect n. 昆虫 ①root n. 根；根茎 ②beast n. 野兽；牲畜 ②bamboo n. 竹子 ③butterfly n. 蝴蝶 ③branch n. 树枝；分枝 ④tortoise n. 乌龟 ④bush n. 灌木丛 ⑤giraffe n. 长颈鹿 ⑤hardwood n. 阔叶树，硬材 ⑥goose(复geese)n. 鹅 ⑥maple n. 枫树 ⑦kangaroo n. 袋鼠 ⑦pine n. 松树 ⑧squirrel n. 松鼠 ⑧botanical adj. 植物学的 ⑨creature n. 生物；动物 ⑩leopard n. 豹 Part 2 妙记·核心短语] >No.1 短语分类记—层级背 1.in turn 相应地，转而 6.come up with 想出，想到 2.break down 使分解，使变化 7.spring to mind 突然记起 3.breathe life into 给…带来起色 8.get rid of 摆脱，丢弃 4.due to 由于，因为 9.give rise to 使发生 5.build up 逐渐增加，扩大 10.in danger of 处于…危险中 81 高考总复习英语(YL) >No.2 同根联想记一一线串 in十名语的相关短语 ①in all总计 ⑦in return作为报答；回报 ②in advance事先，提前 ⑧in turn轮流 ③in common共有，相同 ④in detail详细地 ⑨in surprise吃惊地 ⑤in general通常，大体上 ⑩in time及时；迟早 ①in order整齐；按顺序 ⑥in need在危难中 Part 3 速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 l.主语+be+adj.+enough to do ..these water lilies are big enough to lie down on(大到可以躺在上面). 2.动名词作主语 Hunting and fishing(狩猎和捕鱼)have directly influenced the world's animal populations. 3.it作形式主语 It's our duty(是我们的职责)to protect the environment while we aim economic development. 4.状语从句的省略 I felt worried when watching the documentary(当看记录片时). 5.wish后接宾语从句 I wish we could also do something(我们也能做点什么)to help.. 聚焦>层级突破 学生用书P85 聚焦核心要点落实 [链接写作]一一一句多译 Part,1单词悟讲记 --2》 众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。 [核心单词] 5 What is known to us is that eating too much junk 1.harm n.&vt.伤害，损害 food is harmful to your health.(harmful) [教材对接] 6It is known to us that eating too much junk food The human race has done much harm. does harm to your health.(harm n. 人类已经造成了很多伤害。 2.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 》[教材对接] ①(2023·全国乙卷)They also remove some harmful The forest's different levels support an unbelievable (harm)chemicals from paints or cooking. variety of wildlife. 森林的不同层次使种类多到令人难以置信的野生动 2Walking in the air full of haze does harm to us. 植物得以生存。 3Rubbish can be changed into harmless (harm) [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 things. ①(2021·新高考I卷)When the explorers first set ④(2o22·北京卷)As Helen walked on,she heard a foot upon the continent of North America,the skies man charging towards her.Fearful that he might and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of have an intention to harm (harm)her,Helen started wildlife. to run. ②(2024·北京卷)The similarity of moral virtues [考点归纳]—知识生成 across cultures is striking,even though the relative (1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害 ranking of the virtues may vary(variety)with a social (2)do/cause harm to sb. group's history and environment. 对某人有害 do/cause sb.harm ③(2024·新课标I卷)The reasons relate to a varie- (3)There is no harm in doing sth. ty (various)of factors,including reduced concentra- 做某事没有坏处 It does no harm to do sth. tion,an entertainment mindset(and a tenden- cy to multitask while consuming digital content. ·82 基础必备必修第三册 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 a variety of..多种多样的… ①(2024·新课标I卷)With the rise of technology it various ad.多种多样的 is easy for people to make observations of different vary vi.变化 species with the aid of a mobile application(apply). vary from...to... 从…到…不等； ②(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the 在…到…之间变动 number of students applying for food courses at UK [名师点津]a variety of(varieties of)既可修饰可 universities and colleges. 数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词 3There are 150 applicants (apply)competing for 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，修饰不可数名词作主语 the same position. 时，谓语动词用单数。 [考点归纳]—知识生成 [链接写作]一完成句子 (1)apply v.申请；应用；涂抹 DA variety of books have been publisked. apply(tosb.)for sth.(向某人)申请某物 各种各样的书被出版了。 apply sth.to sth.把某物应用/涂抹于… 5 Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions apply to sth./sb.对某事/某人适用 targeted at various age groups. apply oneself to(doing)sth.专心于（做）某事 图书馆经常举行针对不同年龄组的阅读小组会议。 (2)applicant n.申请人 3.survive vi.幸免；幸存；生还vt,在…之后仍然 (3)applied adj.实用的；应用的 生存 [链接写作]—完成句子 [教材对接] OI'm Li Hua,a student from Class 2,Grade 3.I'm writ- While a significant number of jaguars survive here, ing to apply for the position as a student volunteer. they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 我是李华，三年级二班的一名学生，我写信申请学生 尽管相当多的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨 志愿者的职位。 林食物链的一个要素。 5.defence n.防御；保卫 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 》[教材对接] ①(2023·北京卷)That project,.which I could com In defence of the factories,however,I'd like to point plete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of out that we also try to control the amount of pollu- the desert,not only survived (survive)the lock- tion we produce. down but worked where traditional methods didn't. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努 2Many of the peasants managed to survive on tiny 力控制所产生的污染量。 plots of corn and beans. [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 3The little girl was the only survivor who had sur- ①(2023·北京卷)Regarding Alan Smith's defence vived the strong earthquake.She told the reporter that she had to survive on a little food during the days (defend)of ALife,the author is supportive. when she was buried.I thought her survival was a real 2We must always be ready to defend (defend)our country from/against aggression. wonder.(survive) [考点归纳]一知识生成 3What points can be raised in defence of this argu- ment? (1)survive from从…幸存 [考点归纳]—知识生成 survive on依靠…生存下来 A survive B(by..)A比B活得长() (l)in defence of为了保卫；为…辩护 (2)survivor n.幸存者 (2)defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护 survival n.[U]幸存：[C]残存物 defend..from/against保护…以免受/防御 [链接写作]一句式升级 defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫 After they survived that night,they were confi- [链接写作]—完成句子 dent that everything else would be all right. 4The wall was built to defend the road from being >Having survived that night,they were confident that washed away by the sea. everything else would be all right..(现在分词作状语) 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。 4.application n,申请书；申请；应用，运用 [间考单词] P[教材对接] 1.living adj.活着的；活的；有使用的 Some call for the application of modern technology, [语境练悟]一选词填空：living /alive ive Aively and others a change of lifestyle. DHe was buried alive in the earthquake. 有些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人则要求改变生活 ②(2023·新课标卷)Do you want to live a full and 方式。 happy life? ·83 高考总复习英语(YL) 3 The living are more important to us than the 2.break down消除；分解；打破 dead. 》[教材对接] 4The lessons given by Miss Li are always lively and When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms interesting. helps break down its body and return the nutrients to 2.damage vt.损害，毁坏，破坏n.损坏，破坏 the earth. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 当一只美洲虎死了的时候，一小群微生物就会帮忙分 解它的尸体并将营养物返还给地球。 DThe heavy snow caused great damage to the crop farm- [语境练悟]一用break的相关短语填空 ing. DThe whole telephone system broke down because 2Drinking and smoking damage your health of the sudden big earthquake. 喝酒和抽烟会损害你的健康。 2The girl broke away from her mother and ran away. 3.process n.过程；程序；步骤vt,加工；处理 3It was reported that an earthquake broke out in [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 Japan. DThe firm is now in the process of moving the main 4The robbers had planned to break into the bank to equipment to a new place.Changes are in process. take away money,but failed. 2In the process of time,we mastered the skills of [考点归纳]—知识生成 doing the work. break in强行进入；打断 break out爆发 随着时间的推移，我们掌握了做这项工作的技巧。 break through突破；冲破break up破碎；解散；分手 break off断开；中断；停顿 Part,2短语巧突破 -2》 break away from逃脱；脱离 1.in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流 break into强行闯入；突然开始 [教材对接] break down出故障；垮掉 These frogs,in turn,feed on insects which eat leav- [链接写作]—完成句子 5 History has the potential to break down those es and fruit. boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和 that would otherwise be foreign to us. 水果。 历史有可能通过向我们提供对整个世界的洞察力来 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 打破这些界限，否则我们就会感到陌生。 DNow that we have finished the design,it is in their 3.due to由于…；因为…… turn to construct. [教材对接] 2At the meeting they took turns to put (put)for- Over the past 50 years,about 17 percent of the rain- ward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the forest has disappeared due to human activities such reform of education system. as agriculture and cattle farming. 3The two daughters looked after their sick mother 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约 by turns. 17%的雨林已经消失了。 ④(2023·新课标卷)I post my work on social media [语境练悟]—补全句子 DThe electricity bill is due to be paid today. and,in turn,have met some of the kindest people. 今天该交电费了。 [考点归纳]—知识生成 2A great deal of money is due to you. in one's turn轮到某人；接着 应该付给你一大笔钱。 by turns轮流；交替地 3The sports meeting has been cancelled due to the take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 bad weather. It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 由于糟糕的天气，运动会被取消了。 It turns/turned out that..::结果 [考点归纳]—知识生成 be due to do sth.预期做某事；预定要做某事 [温馨提示]by turns是“交替地；轮流”的意思，多 be due to (doing)sth./sb. 指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按 归因于（做）某事/某人；欠某人… 顺序”则应该用in turn.。 be due(for)sth.应有；应得到 [链接写作]一完成句子 [链接写作]一完成句子 ⑤人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过 ④(2023·全国乙卷)I have missed plenty of beauti- 来，这造成更多的问题。 ful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only People try to avoid public transportation delays by five minutes before the best moment. using their own cars,which in turn creates more 由于在现场只有5分钟的最佳时刻，因此我错过了许 problems. 多美丽的日落和日出。 84… 基础必备必修第三册 2.状语从句的省略 Part.3句式精剖析 -》 》[教材对接] 1.动名词作主语 I felt worried when watching the documentary. ◆[教材对接] 我看纪录片时感到担忧。 Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 world's animal populations. DWhile working (work),I realised how hard it was 狩猎和捕鱼直接影响世界上的动物种群的数量。 to work in the fields under a hot sun. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 ②(2023·北京卷)When seen(see)from afar,the ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walking(walk)at night-time mangrove forests appear more splendid. is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. 3Lucy raised his right hand as if to say (say)some- thing. 2It's no use worrying (worry)about it.You can't [考点归纳]一知识生成 do anything to change it. 3Knowing how to think clearly and to speak cor- 状语从句的省略 rectly gives (give)one confidence. when,while,before,after,unless,as [考点归纳]一知识生成 if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主 使用条件 句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为 (1)动名词（短语）作主语，一般表示经常性、习惯性动 it:状语从句谓语中含be动词 作。单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形 使用方式 省略从句中的主语和be动词 式，若多个动名词（短语）并列作主语，谓语动词用复 数形式。 [链接写作]一完成句子 (2)动名词（短语）作主语时，有时会用t作形式主 4Then you can do exercises more specific to your 语，把真正的主语（动名词）放在后面，以避免出现头 sport or activity,if necessary. 重脚轻的情况。 如果有必要的话，那么你可以把更加具体的锻炼加到 体育或运动中去。 [链接写作]—一完成句子 5While writing the book,Li Shizhen suffered a lot 4Knowing what causes your worry will help to re- from tasting some unknown plants on his own. duce the stress. 当李时珍写这本书时，他遭受了许多痛苦亲自尝一些 知道什么造成了你们的忧虑，将有助于减轻压力。 不知名的植物。 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P89 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] Ⅱ.单句语法填空 I.单词拼写 1.Human life is regarded as part of nature and,the 1.She likes walking on the beach,because she en- only way for us to survive (survive)is to live in joys feeling the warm sand beneath(在…下面) harmony with nature. her feet. 2.My elder sister's hair is twice the length (long)of 2.Wherever the Beatles went,masses (of fans mine. would welcome them at the airport. 3.Trees were planted to shelter (shelter)this area 3.Many vegetables are rich in vitamin,fiber and other nutrients(营养物). from strong sandstorms. 4.The new machines will work faster,thus(因此) 4.Eating too much and lack of exercise will do harm to our health. reducing our costs. 5.The number of people employed in agriculture 5.There are many species in danger of extinction has fallen in the last decade. (extinct). 6.Changes in the climate (are due to pollution 6.The islands have seen the disappearance (disap- of the atmosphere. pear)of the Hawaiian kingdom,the decimation 7.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and in- (大量毁灭)of its people and language. creases global(全球的)warming. 7.The speech hall in our school is big enough to hold 8.It's important for us to recycle(回收利用)those (hold)2,000 people. recyclable materials. 8.He is living (live)proof that not all engineers are 9.This is a new invention that will have a wide range boring. of applications(应用)in industry.. 9.The bank has many branches (branch)all over the 10.He's the president of a large international organi- world. zation(组织). ·85· 高考总复习英语(YL) 10.Nowadays many businessmen pay too much at- maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosys- tention to the economic (economy)benefits rath- tem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight coun- er than the ecological benefits. tries,2.including (include)Brazil and Peru and one Ⅲ.选词填空 overseas region.The Amazon River is about 6,400 in turn,break down,breathe life into,due to, kilometres in 3.length (long).Of the 390,000 plant build up,come up with,spring to mind,give rise to species 4.known (know)to man,more than 40,000 1.It is the readers who breathe life into a newspaper can be found in the Amazon.The forest's different with their letter. levels support 5.an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 2.The more confidence you build up in yourself,the Each level of the forest forms its own little world, greater are your chances of success. home to different kinds of 6.living (live)things. 3.Getting young people together will help to break More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 spe- down the barriers between them. cies of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. 4.If we human beings go against nature,it will in This jaguar is one example.The Amazon rainforest turn punish us. breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and 5.She is due to make a speech on the economy next 7.producing (produce)over 20 percent of all the week. Earth's oxygen.Thus,8.it is often known as the 6.One case can give rise to 20 or 30 cases in two "lungs of the planet".However,over the past 50 weeks. years,17 percent of the rainforest 9.has disappeared 7.They happened to come up with the same solu- (disappear)due to human activities.As a result,we tion. have to think about the question whether we can afford 8.If any other questions spring to mind,don't hesi- 10.to damage (damage)the "lungs of the planet". tate to contact me. Ⅱ.话题微写作（投稿） V.完成句子 假定你是李华，你校将以“保护野生动物”为主 1.政府经济政策的衰退已经开始显现。 题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容 The cracks in the government's economic policy 包括： are already beginning to show. 1.野生动物的现状； 2.她刚才所说的话引起了他此刻的愤怒。 2.保护野生动物的重要性； What she said just now gives rise to his anger at 3.保护野生动物的措施。 the moment. 注意：1.词数80左右； 3.最初的几年里，公司没有获利。 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； During the first few years,the company did not 3.尽量使用本单元知识点。 make a profit. 4.许多环保主义者抗议重工业。 Many environmentalists protest against heavy industry. 5.我们应该努力回收所有的废纸。 We should try to recycle all our/the waste paper. 6.士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。 The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their [参考范文] country. As is known to us,some wild animals are in se- 7.这种药含有一种使他心脏衰竭的有害化学物质。 rious trouble nowadays,whose habitats are being The medicine contains a harmful chemical that destroyed.To make it worse,the population of caused his heart to fail. some animals has crashed sharply due to many fac- 8.尽管很累，但他们还是继续走。 tors,like climate change,disasters as well as human Though tired,they went on walking. activities. [重落实] However,it's of significance for us to protect I.单元巩固练 wild animals because they are not only essential part 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全 of the living environment where humans live,but al- 短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 so important natural resources. The Amazon rainforest,1.which is the largest Therefore,it's high time that immediate action rainforest in the world,plays a significant role in should be taken to work out the issue.On the one ·86· 基础必备必修第三册 hand,our government should make laws and regula- ●[佳句观摩] tions to protect them.On the other hand,nature 1.早先光秃秃的树枝已向灿烂的春光伸出它们长满 reserves should be set up to make sure they have a 绿芽的枝干。 safe habitat.The last but not least,the public The previously bare branches offered their wands of awareness of protecting the wild animals should be tight green buds to the brilliant rays of spring. further improved. 2.晴空万里，太阳像烙铁一样灼烧着我的背。 Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(9)一“有关季节描写的表达” Blue skies stand tall and far,and the sun is like a ●[多样表达] branding iron searing my back. 3.叶子在中秋凉爽的空气中飘落，告别甜美的夏天， 春天 召唤着秋天。 1.已是春天但仍有寒意。 Leaves fluttered down in the cool midautumn air, It's spring but there's still a chill in the air. biding farewell to sweet summer and beckoning the 2.怡人的奶油色和粉色的花朵像蛋糕一样结在树上。 autumn. The blossom arrives like cake frosting on the trees 4.天气极其恶劣，冷得刺骨，天色阴郁，能见度极低。 in delicious cream and pink. The weather was at its worst,bitterly cold,with 夏天 leaden skies that gave minimum visibility. 3.有时天气炎热得几乎令人难以忍受。 ●[好句仿写] At times,the heat was barely tolerable. 1.然后春天来了。像白色毯子一样的雪融化了。孩 4.天气炎热，连一丝风都没有。 子们出去采野花，像鹿一样到处乱跑。 Then spring came.The white blanket melted The weather was hot,without a breath of wind. away.Children were out for wild flowers,and 秋天 raced around like deer. 5.秋天是一个非常美丽的季节，金黄的落叶铺满 2.在仲夏的烈日下，一切有生命的东西似乎都已用尽 大地。 了它们的能量。 Autumn is a very beautiful season with a carpet of Under the burning sun of midsummer,all the liv- golden fallen leaves. ing things seem to have worn out their energy. 冬天 3.在几乎光秃秃的树下是一层厚厚的落叶，背景里的 6.现在天黑了，雪还在下，一片片的雪花无声地飘落。 绿色草地是对逝去的夏天的回忆。 It's dark now and the snow is still falling,clumps A carpet of fallen leaves lay beneath nearly bare of snowflakes drifting windlessly down. trees,with green grass in the background serving as a memory of the passing summer. 7.风呼啸着，积雪纷飞，雪白的粉末蒙蔽了黑夜。 4.天开始下雪了，寒风呼啸，好像在寻找什么人。 The wind howled,piling up drifting snow,blinding the It began to snow;a cold wind blew and roared as night with ice-white dust. though it were seeking someone. 培优>提能加餐 学生用书P91 高考对接素养培优 [培优1]单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 二、一词多义一根据语境选出crash的含义 1.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks a- A.碰撞，坠落，坠毁B.暴跌C.崩溃D.破产 bout a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpak- 1.Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday. stan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. vt.杀死 B 2.My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor 2.Files can be lost if the system suddenly crashes. heading towards the motorway. .(因害怕等)吓呆了 C 3.(2024·北京卷)They come down squarely on one 3.The impact of crash hurtled the driver against the side or the other and fully support their position. windshield of the car. A 八.立场 ·87· 高考总复习英语(YL) [培优2]高考语篇培素养 一Topic:数字生物多样性记录存在偏见 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·新课标I卷)In the race to document the species on Earth 1.What do we know about the re- before they go extinct,researchers and citizen scientists have collected cords of species collected now? billions of records.Today,most records of biodiversity are often in the A.They are becoming outdat- form of photos,videos,and other digital records.Though they are use- ed. ful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, B.They are mostly in electron- a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. ic form. "With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observa- C.They are limited in num- tions of different species with the aid of a mobile application,"said ber. Barnabas Daru,who is lead author of the study and assistant professor D.They are used for public ex- of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences."These hibition. observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical 2.What does Daru's study focus on? specimens(),and since we are increasingly using observational data A.Threatened species. to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to B.Physical specimens. know:Are they usable?" C.Observational data. Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants,insects, D.Mobile applications. birds,and animals,Daru and his team tested how well these data repre- 3.What has led to the biases ac- sent actual global biodiversity patterns. cording to the study? "We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sam- A.Mistakes in data analysis. pling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the greater likelihood of a B.Poor quality of uploaded citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass pictures. right next to it,said Daru. C.Improper way of sampling. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only re- D.Unreliable data collection cords did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover,these data are devices. biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.This makes 4.What is Daru's suggestion for sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mo- biodiversity apps? bile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with A.Review data from certain species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species areas. with attractive or eye-catching features. B.Hire experts to check the What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? records. “Quite a lot,”Daru explained..“Biodiversity apps can use our study C.Confirm the identity of the results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places- users. and even species-that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of D.Give guidance to citizen sci- observational data,biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have entists. an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image." [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯 记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大 坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏 多是以电子形式存在的。] 见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段“These observa l1.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“Today,most re- tions now outnumber the primary data that comes cords of biodiversity are often in the form of pho- from physical specimens(标本)，and since we are tos,videos,and other digital records.(今天，大多 increasingly using observational data to investigate 数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字 how species are responding to global change,I ·88· 基础必备必修第三册 wanted to know:Are they usable?(这些观察结果 ◆素材积累 现在超过了来自实体标本的原始数据，而且由于我 (一)由文本积累主题词块 们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对 1.collect billions of records 收集了数十亿份记录 全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？)”和第四段 2.in the form of 以…形式 "We were particularly interested in exploring the 3.with the rise of technology 随着科技的兴起 aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) 4.with the aid of 借助于，通过…的帮助 5.take a picture of data,like the greater likelihood of a citizen scien- 拍一张…照片 6.lead to better global coverage tist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of 导致更好的全球覆盖范围 the grass right next to it,’said Daru.(Daru说‘我 7.improve the quality of observational data 们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的 提高观测数据的质量 方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 片，而不是它旁边的草’。)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于 1.document n. 文件；（计算机）文档 观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察 2.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 数据。] 3.biology n. 生物学 3.C[细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We were particu 4.observational adj. 观察的 larly interested in exploring the aspects of sam- 5.dataset n. 资料 pling that tend to bias(使有偏差)data,like the 6.likelihood n. 可能性 greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填在横线上） 1.shift picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,'said Daru.(Daru说‘我们特别感 :A.改变B.自己谋生C.转换D.变速 兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如 DWe need to shift the focus of this debate. C 公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是 2 When their father died last year,the children 它旁边的草’。)”以及第五段“This makes sense be had to shift for themselves B cause the people who get observational biodiversi- 3Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted ty data on mobile devices are often citizen scien- over the past 50 years. A tists recording their encounters with species in ar- 2.aspect eas nearby.(这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获 A.方面B.面貌C.方位D.方向 得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他 DThe country's industry is assuming a new as- 们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知， pect. 导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。] 2The book aims to cover all aspects of city life. 4.D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity A apps can use our study results to inform users of 3The future research aspect about the system is oversampled areas and lead them to places-and given. D even species-that are not well-sampled.To im- ◆长句缩写 prove the quality of observational data,biodiversi- In the race to document the species on Earth be- ty apps can also encourage users to have an expert fore they go extinct,researchers and citizen scien- tists have collected billions of records. confirm the identification of their uploaded image. [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 告知用户哪些区域被过度采样，并将他们引导到未 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 充分采样的地方，甚至是寻找未充分采样的物种。 [In the race to document the species (on Earth) 为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还 (before they go extinct)],researchers and (citi- 可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身 zen)scientists have collected(billions of)records. 份。)”可知，Daru建议生物多样性应用应该给公民 [句子缩写]Researchers and scientists have col- 科学家提供指导。门 lected records.(不超过10个单词) ·89·