基础必备 必修第一册 Unit 3 Getting along with others（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础必备 Unit 3 主题语境人与社会一友谊 Getting along with others 析>译>背高考复杂句式0 FUZA JUSH 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 l.(2024·新课标I卷)When reading 本句是一个主从复合句。When reading texts of several hundred words or 当阅读几百字或更多的文 texts of several hundred words or more more,learning is generally more 本时，在纸上学习通常比 是when引导的省略的状语从句；when successful when it's on paper than 在屏幕上学习更成功。 it's on paper是when引导的状语从句。 onscreen. 2.(2024·新课标I卷)According to 根据这一理论，人们对待 this theory,people approach digit- 本句是一个主从复合句。suited to so 数字文本的态度与对待社 al texts with a mindset suited to cial media作后置定语修饰mindset, 交媒体的态度相当，社交 social media,which are often not which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 媒体通常不那么严肃，相 so serious,and devote less mental 先行词social media,and连接主句并列 比纸质阅读，人们投入的 effort than when they are reading 的谓语approach和devote 脑力要少。 print. 复盘>必备知识 学生用书P21 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.awkward adj. 局促不安的： 13.opinion n. 意见，看法 令人尴尬的；难对付的 14.quality n. 品德，素质 2.sight n. 视野；视力 adj. 优质的 3.medium n. 传播信息的媒介，方法； 15.basis n. 基础，原因 手段 16.respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 4.horrible adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的 n. 尊敬 单 估量，判定 5.respond v. 回答，回应 17.measure vt. n. 措施；衡量 6.frank adj. 坦率的，直率的 18.seek v. 试图，寻找 7.trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈 其 19.escape v. 逃脱，躲避 n. 诡计，花招 20.joy n. 高兴，愉快 8.ignore vt. 忽视，对…不予理会 21.moment n. 时光，时机 9.misunderstand v. 误解，误会 22.indeed adv. 其实，实际上 10.contact vt.&n. 联系，联络 23.crowd n. 一伙人，人群 11.generous adj. 宽宏大量的 V. 挤满，聚积 12.shallow adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 24.company n. 陪伴；公司 ·21… 高考总复习英语(YL) l.original adj.原来的；独创的；原件的n.原件；原作→origin.起源；由来；来源 2.recover v.恢复→recovery n.恢复，康复 3.loss n.丧失；损失→lose vt.(lost;lost)失去，丢失→lost adj.丢失的；失去的 4.judge vt..&vi.评价；评判；判断n.法官；审判员；裁判员→judgement n.判定；裁判 5.apologize vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n.道歉；辩白 6.behaviour n.行为；举止→behave vt..&vi.举动；（举止或行为）表现 拓 7.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.痛苦；苦难→sufferer n.患病者，受 量 难者 词 8.explode vi..爆炸→explosion n.爆炸→explosive adj.爆炸的 g.efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的→efficiency m.效率 l0.reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→reflection n.反应；反射 用 1l.benefit n.好处，益处→beneficial adj.有益的，有帮助的 l2.comfort vt.&n.宽慰，安慰→comfortable adj.舒适的 l3.failure n.失败；失败的（人或事物）→fail v.失败 14.recognition n.认出；认可；承认→recognize vt.认出；识别；承认 l5.death n.死亡→dead adj.死的，失去生命的→dieu.死，去世 l6.poet n.诗人→poem n.诗→poetry m.诗歌的总称 l7.admire vt.钦佩；赞赏→admiration n.钦佩；欣赏；赞美 读 1.chat vi.n. 聊天，闲聊 5.well-meaning adj. 出于好心的 词 2.cafe n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 事例；案件；具体情况 6.thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的 3.case n. 明 7.wine n. 博客，网志 果酒；葡萄酒 4.blog n. No.2 同根联想记 —一线串 1.美丽“景色；风景”入画来 2.真的“生气”了 ①scenery风景；景色 ②scene景色 ①annoy vt.使…不悦 ②explode u.勃然大怒 ③sight风景；名胜 ④view景色 ③mad/crazy adj.气愤的 ④angry adj.生气的 ⑤outlook景色；景致 ⑥landscape风景 ⑤anger n.生气 ⑥upset.使生气 Part 2 妙记·核心短语 >Wo.1 短语分类记一层级背 1.out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线 l0.come between..and..损害…之间的关系，离间 2.on the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 11.in person 亲自，亲身 3.at a loss 不知所措，困惑 12.through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 4.in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 13.in one's opinion 在某人看来 5.in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 6.let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手 14.get over 克服：恢复常态 7.count on 依赖，依靠，指望 15.bring out 使显现，使表现出 8.eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀 16.smooth out 消除，克服 9.in full measure 最大程度地 17.be meant to do sth. 注定要做某事，应做某事 ·22· 基础必备必修第一册 >No.2 同根联想记一一 线串 get短语小结 ①get on/along with进展；与…相处 ⑦get on上车；进展 ②get across讲清楚；被…理解 ⑧get off下车 ③get around四处走动（旅行）；（消息等）传播 ⑨get in one'sway挡路 ④get down to开始认真（做某事） ⑩get used to习惯于 ⑤get through通过；完成；接通（电话） ①get in touch with与…取得联系 ⑥get over克服 ②get it了解，懂得，明白 Part 3 速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 l.whether..or引导的让步状 Whether we're walking to school,doing homework(不管我们是步行到 语从句 学校，做作业)or just hanging out at the weekend,we're hardly out of each other's sight. 2.beto句式 (Dur original plan was to see a film(去看电影)at the cinema that after noon. 3.how引导的感叹句 How stupid(多么笨)Iwas! I was so angry that I avoided her(如此生气以至于我避开她)during 4.so...that school all day,and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. 5.keep十宾语十宾补 Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us connected(使我们保持联 are eating away at the meaning of friendship. 聚焦>层级突破 学生用书P23 聚焦核心要点落实 Part,1单词悟讲记 [考点归纳]—知识生成 (1)recover from..· 从…中恢复过来 [核心单词] recover sth.from... 全额收回；找回，寻回 L.recover vi..&vt.痊愈；恢复；找回 (2)recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；复苏 [教材对接] make a recovery 恢复 Instead of recovering at home,she was out having [链接写作]一完成句子 fun with someone else. OI feel very sorry.I'm wondering whether you have 她不是在家康复，而是她外出与其他人开心地玩。 recovered from your sickness. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 我觉得很抱歉。我想知道你是否已经从疾病中恢复 DIt can take many years to recover from the death 过来了。 of a loved one. 2.respond vi.&vt.回答；回应；回复；做出反应 [教材对接] 2They need to sell a million copies to recover (re- I still don't feel like responding to any of her online cover)their cost. messages. ③(2023·全国甲卷)Today,there are about2,000 我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 (recover)has been so successful that the U.S.Fish ①(2023·北京卷)For example,stress could serve and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist as a cue that one responds to by eating,which pro- grizzlies,... duces the reward-the reduction of stress. ·23· 高考总复习英语(YL) ②(2024·1月浙江卷)We are tempted by sugary [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor DHe apologized to the public for the delay in an- world,and our brains developed a response (re- nouncing the information. spond)mechanism to these treats that reflected their 2He offered me an apology(apologize)for losing value-a feeling of reward and satisfaction. my book. 3His question failed to get a response from any of [考点归纳]一知识生成 the students. (1)apologize to sb.for (doing)sth. [考点归纳]一知识生成 因（做）某事向某人道歉 respond to... 回应…；对…作出反应 (2)apology n. 道歉；辩白 respond that... 回答说…… make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing)sth. response n. 回答；响应；反应 因（做）某事向某人道歉 in response to 响应；反应（通常作状语） accept/refuse an/one's apology make.(no)response to对：（不）作出反应/回答 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 [链接写作]—一完成句子 [链接写作]—完成句子 4When asked about the company's future,the di- ③（全国Ⅲ卷）After a while,she apologized for the rector responded that he remained optimistic. way she behaved at the beginning. 问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。 事后她因刚开始的行为而向我道歉。 3.judge n.裁判员；法官；审判员vt.&vi.评价；判断； 5.suffer vt.&i.遭受；忍受；经历 评判 [教材对接] P[教材对接] However,if your friend ignores your feeling or makes you Don't be so quick to judge your friend. suffer,it's time to rethink your relationship. 不要很快对你的朋友做出评判。 然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的情感或使你痛苦，那么 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 是时候重新考虑你们的关系了。 ①(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that it's [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. ①(2024·新课标I卷)He became interested in al- 2Judging (judge)from/by his accent,he is from Cana- ternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered da. from terrible back pain. 3The teacher judged him to be(be)honest. 2I hope this would end my suffering(suffer). You should take it seriously.Do not make a 3So,what can sufferers (suffer)do while they are judgement (judge)too quickly. moving towards recovery? 5In his judgement,his mother is the greatest in the ④(2022·新高考I卷)It is also being used to help world. patients suffering (suffer)dementia,a serious ill- 在他看来，他的妈妈是世界上最伟大的妈妈。 ness of the mind. [考点归纳]一知识生成 [考点归纳]—知识生成 make a judgement on/about 对…作出判断 (l)suffer后常接pain,loss,defeat,poverty,hun in one's judgement 按某人的看法 ger,punishment,hardship,damage等名词作宾语。 judge sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj. suffer from受罪；吃苦。后常接表示疾病的名词或 判断/认为某人/某物是… 造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名词。 judge that... 断定…；认为…；估计… (2)suffering n.痛苦；苦难 judge..by/from..根据…判断… (3)sufferer n.患病者；受难者 judging by/from..从…来判断 [链接写作]—完成句子 judgement n.[C,U]看法；判决；判断 5 Later,he worked in Africa,where many people [链接写作]一完成句子 suffered from blindness for lack of proper treat- 6Judging from the way he talks,I'm sure he's a ment. scholar. 后来，他在非洲工作，在那里许多人因缺乏适当的治 从他的谈吐上看，我相信他是一位学者。 疗而失明。 4.apologize vi.道歉；谢罪 6.benefit n.利益；好处vt.&vi.使受益；得益于；有 ◆[教材对接] 助于 Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to [教材对接] apologize,or maybe she has a simple explanation for As we live in social groups,there are many benefits her behaviour. of friendship that we can enjoy. 也许她知道她有错并且想道歉或者也许她有对她行 因为我们居住在社会群体中，有许多我们能享受的朋 为的简单解释。 友益处。 ·24 基础必备必修第一册 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 3.generous adj,宽宏大量的，仁慈的 DA lower GDP target may in fact be beneficial [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空 (benefit)to the development of China. DThe boss is generous to his employees. ②(2024·北京卷)Social benefits(benefit)are ac- 2It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both. companied by social demands:we must get along, 3 He is always generous with money when his friends but not put up with too much. turn to him for help. 3He lost his life for the benefit of his country. 4.respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重 ④(2021·全国乙卷)In my opinion,students can [语境练悟]—单句语法填空/补全句子 benefit a lot from doing some housework. DI hope airlines can show more respect for/to pas- [考点归纳]一知识生成 sengers and improve service. ②(2o23·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued (1)for the benefit of 为引起…的兴趣； and respected (respect),no matter my level of artis- 为…的利益 tic ability. be of benefit to 对…有益 3Chinese children grow up with warnings not to (2)benefit from/by... 从…受益；得益于 waste a single grain of rice,out of respect for benefit sb. 对某人有益 farmers'labor. (3)beneficial adj 有利的：有益的；受益的 中国的孩子从小就受到告诫，不要浪费一粒米，这是 be beneficial to 对…有益；对…有利 出于对农民劳动的尊重。 [形象记忆] [名师点津]respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可数 名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬意；问 A benefits B 候”时，多用复数形式。 B benefits from A Part,2短语巧突破 --》 1.letg0of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 [链接写作]—完成句子 [教材对接] ⑤(2023·全国乙卷)There are many benefits to When I found out that I was tricked by him,I was growing plants indoors. really hurt and let go of our friendship. 在室内种植植物有很多好处。 当我发现我被他欺骗了时，我真的很伤心，放弃了我 [间考单词] 们的友谊。 1.sight n.视野；视力；看见 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 [语境练悟]一补全句子 DHe could barely keep body and soul together,let DStanding at the top of the hill,you can catch sight alone support his family. of the whole city. 2When we watched the national flag raised in the 站在山顶，你能够看见全城的景色。 Olympic Games on TV,we let out a cheer. 2We waved until the car was out of sight. [考点归纳]—知识生成 我们一直招手，直到那辆汽车消失在视野之中。 let alone 更不用说；更谈不上 3It was nearly bed time and when they awoke next let sb./sth.alone对某人/某事放任不管；置之不理 morning land would be in sight. let down 把…放下来；使（某人）失望/情 差不多该是睡觉的时候了，等他们第二天早上醒来， 绪低沉 就能看见陆地。 let in 允许进人；容许；许可 2.case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器 [链接写作]一完成句子 [语境练悟]一用case的相关短语填空 3If you love birds,you should let go of the bird. DThe doctor shares his phone number with the pa- 如果你爱鸟，你就应该把这只鸟释放。 2.get over克服；恢复常态 tients in case they need medical assistance. ◆[教材对接] ②(2023·新课标卷)In that case,we'll go to the I should also encourage him to take action to get over cinema instead. these difficulties. 3In no case do we believe that he is so generous. 我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。 4As is often the case,anything is possible for those [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 who hang on to hope. DIf you think you can get away with it,you've got 5Sometimes I was very worried in case of trouble in another think coming. work,but I told myself to keep calm and finally I 2I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand adapted to the new working state. to get over nervousness. 6Don't tell him it was me who told this to you in ③(2023·全国甲卷)And the only way for us to get any case. into the habit of waiting is to practice. ·25 高考总复习英语(YL) [考点归纳]一知识生成 2So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no get across 被理解；使了解 time to escape. get around 到处走走；逃避；说服；传开来（等于 3The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist at- get round);有办法应付 traction that millions of people pour in every year. get away with被放过；侥幸逃脱 It is so difficult a problem that none of us can get down to 着手做某事；开始认真考虑 work it out. get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）；养成；习惯于 [考点归纳]—知识生成 get through 通过；到达；做完；接通电话；熬过 (困难时期等) so/such.that..都用来引导结果状语从句，在该结 构中是用“so”还是用“such”要看被修饰的成分而定： [链接写作]一完成句子 4There's not much time left,let's get down to pre- so十adi./adu.+that.. paring for the party. so十adj.+a/an十n.(可数名词单数)+that..· 没多少时间了。让我们赶紧着手准备派对吧。 so+many/few/much/little(少的)+n.+that.. 3.bring out使显现，使表现出 such十adj.十n.(不可数名词/可数名词复数)+ P[教材对接] that... To me,a good friend brings out the best in a person. such十a/an+adij.+n.(可数名词单数)十that., 对我来说，一个好朋友能激发出一个人最好的一面。 =so十adj.十a/an十m.(可数名词单数)十that... [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 so/such连同被其修饰的成分置于句首时，句子要 DThis picture often brings back many happy memo- 用倒装。 ries of my high school days to me. [链接写作]一完成句子 2Many people are beginning to reflect on why we pay so much to study abroad and what kind of conse- 5In fact,his spoken English was so good that the quences it will bring about. teacher praised him for it in class 3He made every effort to bring down the cost of 事实上，他的英语口语非常好，以至于老师在课堂上 living. 表扬了他。 [考点归纳]一知识生成 2.keep十宾语十宾补结构 bring about (=lead to/result in) [教材对接] 引起；导致；产生；带来 Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us con- bring sth.back nected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事 然而至今，使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊 bring down 让…降下来；使倒下 的真义。 bring in 引入；赚（钱） [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 bring forth 产生；产出；发表 DNext,keep the conversation going (go)by asking bring forward 提出；将…提前 questions to show interest. [链接写作]一完成句子 2Please remain seated and keep your seat belts fas- 4The plan he brought up has brought down the tened (fasten). cost of production and brought in a lot of profits, 3We will probably have to force ourselves to waken which brought the company back to life. 他提出的方案降低了生产成本，带来了大量利润，这 our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake (wake). 使公司恢复了生机。 [考点归纳]一知识生成 Part3句式精剖析 “keep十宾语十宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以 l.so.,.that如此…以至于 是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词等，但高考主要考查 [教材对接] 分词，其用法如下： I were so angry that I avoided her during school all ①keep十宾语十过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成被动 day,and I still don't feel like responding to any of 关系 her online messages. ②keep十宾语十现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成主动 我是如此生气以至于我在学校一整天我都避开她，并 关系 且我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。 [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 [链接写作]一完成句子 ①(2024·新课标I卷)After Charlie had a heart at- ④（全国Ⅱ卷）You can keep your head clear for4 tack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him to 10 hours after exercise. sleep,but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suf- 锻炼后你能保持你的头脑清晰4~10小时。 fering so much that she was able to keep him alive 5The boss kept them working twelve hours a day. for an additional five months. 老板让他们一天工作十二个小时。 ·26· 基础必备必修第一册 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P27 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 2.In my opinion,it's understandable that women seek I.单词拼写 beauty,but they should do it in a proper way. 1.I was the first to ask him awkward(令人尴尬的) 3.The winner will be there in person to collect the questions but there'll be harder ones to come. prize. 2.I think you should go back to your original 4.After a broken promise,it is hard to count on a person. 的)plan. 5.No one ever gets over being shy completely,but 3.Unless you respect other people's thoughts,hor- most people do learn to live with their shyness. rible(极坏的)misunderstanding will occur. 6.Father and mother went through thick and thin 4.After the earthquake,the economy is at last be- together.They now live a healthy and wealthy ginning to recover(恢复). life. 5.They are likely to respond (positively to the 7.“But how do you know?”I pretended to be at a President's request for aid. loss. 6.By hard work they made up for the loss(损失)of 8.Doing a job you hate may eat away at your happi- time. ness over time. 7.I wanted to apologize for today.I think I V.完成句子 was a little hard on you. 1.Sticking to goals helps us achieve what we want. 8.Such behavior (is common to all young people. 坚持目标帮助我们实现我们想要的。 9.He ignored(忽视)all the“No Smoking”signs 2.He made such an excellent speech that everyone and lit up a cigarette. admired him. 10.The company suffered (huge losses in the 他作了一场如此精彩的演讲，以至于每个人都钦 last financial year. 佩他。 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 3.Judging by her accent,she comes from somewhere 1.I was at a loss (lose)for what to do next. in the south. 2.He was surprised to find his room thoroughly 从她的口音判断，她来自于南方某个地方。 (thorough)cleaned and everything was in good 4.We didn't mean to hurt him.It was a bit of fun. order. 我们并不是有意要伤害他，只不过是开个玩笑 3.The facilities have improved beyond all recogni- 罢了。 tion (recognize). 5.I can remember well the persons and some pic- 4.We must take measures (measure)to protect the tures that I saw in the room. environment from pollution. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些 5.You're brave and courageous.You can make it. 照片。 6.The bag had been returned to the original (origin) owner. [重落实] 7.You have several ways to respond to this awkward I.单元巩固练 question. 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全 8.She let go of Mona's hand and took a sip of her 短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 drink. Amy has been close with her 1.best (good) Ⅲ.选词填空 friend since primary school.They always stay to- in person,get over,at a loss,count on,eat away gether,2.doing (do)many things.They 3.had at,in one's opinion,take on,through thick and planned (plan)to go to the cinema together last Sat- thin urday afternoon,but in the morning her friend said 1.As your strength grows,you can take on bigger she had a cold and couldn't make 4.it.She believed challenges. 5.what her friend said.However,someone told her ·27· 高考总复习英语(YL) that her friend 6.was chatting (chat)with another Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(3)一“生气与愤怒” girl in a cafe on Saturday afternoon.Her friend's ●[多样表达] "illness"was a complete lie,which made her very 1.annoyed adj.恼怒的，气恼的 7.angry (anger).Cindy thinks that she should find 2.cross adj..生气的，不高兴的 an opportunity 8.to talk (talk)with her friend 3.rage/fury n.愤怒 9.frankly (frank)and solve the problem together, 4.glare v.对…怒目而视 while David thinks she can decide whether their 5.anger n.生气 friendship will last 10.or not. 6.blow up勃然大怒 Ⅱ.话题微写作（介绍类） 7.flame with anger气得满脸通红 假如你是李华，你校最近开展了中学生如何处理 8.get mad/,cross at sb.对某人勃然大怒 人际关系的讨论，请你写一篇你们小组的讨论总结， 9.stamp one's foot in anger愤怒地跺脚 发表在英语校报上，写作要点： I0.tremble with anger因愤怒而颤抖 1.做好自己； 11.run out of the room in a burst of anger 2.尊重他人； 怒气冲冲地跑出房间 3.学会沟通。 12.can hardly/scarcely contain one's anger 注意：1.词数80左右； 几乎控制不住怒火 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 13.give sb.a look of burning anger 愤怒地看了某人一眼 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 14.glare at sb.with burning eyes Recently,we held a heated discussion about how 用灼热的目光怒视着某人 to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the ●[佳句观摩] opinions of our group. 杰克感到非常生气。 基础普通描写： Jack felt very angry. 形象生动描述： 1.Jack felt so angry that he stormed out of the We hope all of us can enjoy our school life. room,slamming(砰地关上)the door furiously be- [参考范文] hind him(冲出房间，狠狠摔门). Recently,we held a heated discussion about how 2.Filled with anger(狂怒)，Jack was unable to utter a to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the single word(充满愤怒，说不出话). opinions of our group. 3.Boiling with rage(愤怒)，Jack shook his fist(怒火 First of all,as middle school students,we 中烧，挥舞拳头)atme. should be kind and friendly to others,always ready 4.Full of fury(发怒)，Jack could hardly contain his to give a helping hand to those in need.Besides,we rage(几乎控制不住怒火). ●[好句仿写] must behave ourselves,obeying both class and 得知他偷走了他的手机，汤姆怒火中烧。 school rules and doing what we can for the class. 基础普通描写： Also,it matters a great deal to be honest and trust- Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom worthy in our daily life.Thirdly,we should respect got mad. the old and love the young,especially showing con- 形象生动描述： cern for our parents and our teachers by understand- 1.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom's ing them and following their instructions.Last but anger broke out(爆发了). not least,we should learn to communicate with oth- 2.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom could ers try to be considerate and put ourselves in others hardly contain his anger(几乎控制不住怒火). shoes,especially when frictions come. 3.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom We hope all of us can enjoy our school life. was breathing fire and anger(充满着怒火). ·28· 基础必备必修第一册 培优提能加餐 学生用书P29 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 3.She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines of l.(全国Ⅲ卷)The whole thing develops into an un your hands. n.命运；前途 pleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day. 二、一词多义一根据语境选出scene的含义 n.场景 A.现场B.景色C.舞台D.场景 2.I am not only interested in photograph,but I took 1.The first scene of the play is the king's palace. an amateur course at university to update my D skills. u.更新；提高 2.He drew a picture of wintry scene. B [培优2]高考语篇培素养 Topic:人类道德规范 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·北京卷)Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. 1.What can be inferred about the Here,norms (were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behav- forming of the Inuit's moral iours were disapproved of;leadership,marriage and interactions with code? other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often re- A.Living conditions were the solved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was drive. strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada be- B.Unwritten rules were the ing so demanding,the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good target. sense. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking,even C.Social tradition was the ba- though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's sis. history and environment.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discour- D.Honesty was the key. aged,while cooperation,humbleness and courage are praised.These 2.What can we learn from this universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or passage? written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our A.Inconveniences are the cause of social instincts()include the intense desire to belong.The approval telling lies. of others is rewarding,while their disapproval is strongly disliked. B.Basic human needs lead to These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour accord- universal norms. ing to the norms and values of our family and our community.More gen- C.Language capacity is limited erally,social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. by self-control. The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally D.Written laws have great in- used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system fluence on virtues. to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home,efficient 3.Which would be the best title food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time,energy and for this passage? sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social A.Virtues:Bridges Across Cul- context.We learn to tell the truth,even when lying is self-serving;we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we tures call a sense of right and wrong. B.The Values of Self-discipline Social benefits are accompanied by social demands:we must get C.Brains:Walls Against Cha- along,but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advanta- os geous.In humans,a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control,just as it D.The Roots of Morality boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language,which al- lows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways. ·29· 高考总复习英语(YL) [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道 3.the similarity of moral virtues道德美德的相似性 德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的 4.be rooted in 根植于 形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社 5.a socially complex world 一个社会复杂的世界 会学习和问题解决机制中。 6.a sense of right and wrong 一种是非对错的感觉 l.C[推理判断题。根据第一段“Here,norms(规 7.problem-solving skills 解题技巧 were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, 8.social practices 社会实践 but were well understood and taken to heart.Dis- (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 honest and violent behaviours were disapproved 1.code n. 行为准则： of;leadership,marriage and interactions with 2.dishonest adj. 不诚实的 other groups were loosely governed by traditions. 3.leadership n. 领导；领先地位 Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Be- 4.disapprove v. 不赞成 cause arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was 5.community n. 社区 strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving 6.system n. 系统 Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's 7.self-discipline n 自律 practical approach to morality made good sense. 8.advantageous adj. 有利的；有好处的 (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很 (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横线上） 好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领 1.violent 导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散 A.暴力的B.刷烈的C.猛烈的D.狂暴的 控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒 DThe process will slowly carry on without produ- 的争论会导致混乱，所以被强烈反对。在无情的加 cing any violent shake,noises and dust. B 拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道 2A violent storm had struck the area. C 德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知，因纽特人的生活 3 What all this tells us is that hurricanes are 中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成 much more than just violent,damaging storms. 是以社会传统为基础的。] D 2.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal 2.social norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in A.社会的B,交际的C.群居的D.联谊会 the similarity of basic human needs and our shared DAt first,language is a social phenomenon,and mechanisms for learning and problem solving. is also the tool of social intercommunication. 些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律 B 的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性 2 There is no doubt that these phenomena are 以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制。)”可知，普 shocking and should arouse our social concern. 遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及 A 我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需 3These endangered gentle giants are highly social 求导致普遍的道德规范形成。] animals. C 3.D[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas'sde ◆长句缩写 scription of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the 19 th cen- The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is tury illustrates the probable moral code of early striking,even though the relative ranking of the humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生 virtues may vary with a social group's history and 活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则。)”以及 environment. 文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行 [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) 其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章 The similarity of moral virtues (across cultures)is 标题。] striking,(even though the relative ranking of the ◆素材积累 virtues may vary with a social group's history and (一)由文本积累主题词块 environment). 1.moral code of early humans早期人类的道德准则 [句子缩写]The similarity of moral virtues is 2.lead to chaos 导致混乱 striking..(不超过l0个单词) ·30·