必修第二册 课时冲关11 Unit 5 On the road（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（外研版）

高考总复习英语（外研版） 课时冲关11Unit5 On the road 学生用书P343 I.阅读理解A 体裁：说明文 话题：AI在高速公路上的使用情况 Roads with variable speed limits,also 1.What's the problem of the 27-kilometre section known as smart motorways,are common in of the 1-24 freeway? countries including the US,UK and Germany. A.Variable speed limits. Normally,rule-based systems monitor the num- B.Potential traffic crashes. ber of vehicles on one of these roads and adjust C.Too many vehicles. speeds accordingly.One such road is a 27-kilo- D.Vehicles'moving too fast. metre section of the 1-24 freeway near Nashville, 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第一段“(One such Tennessee,which was experiencing a problem road is a 27-kilometre section of the 1-24 free- that disturbs many busy roads:When there are way near Nashville,Tennessee,which was ex- too many vehicles,phantom traffic jams(虚假交 periencing a problem that disturbs many busy 通堵塞)appear when drivers slow vehicles and roads:When there are too many vehicles, risk crashes as fast-moving vehicles come up be- phantom traffic jams(虚假交通堵塞)appear hind. when drivers slow vehicles and risk crashes as To address this,Daniel Work at Vanderbilt fast-moving vehicles come up behind.(田纳西 University in Nashville and his teammates trained 州纳什维尔附近的1一24号高速公路有一段27 an AI on historical traffic data to monitor camer- 公里长的路段便是如此，它正面临一个困扰着 as and make decisions on speed limits,using it in 许多繁忙道路的问题：当车辆过多时，司机会减 the 1-24 control room in February.Initially,the 速，从而出现虚假交通堵塞，后方快速行驶的车 AI was tested with the existing software-not 辆可能导致碰撞风险。)”可知，1一24高速公路 这27公里路段的问题是存在潜在交通事故。] having control over limits,but telling operators what it would have decided-and faced teething 2.How was the performance of the AI on histori- problems."They look at it and for the first 5 mi- cal traffic data？ A.Inefficient. B.Effective. nutes everybody's like thumbs(拇指)up,and C.Professional. D.Troublesome. then they start going to thumbs midway and then 解析：A[细节理解题。根据第二段“Initially, it's thumbs down.So hey,it failed in the first 10 the AI was tested with the existing software- minutes,.”says Work. not having control over limits,but telling op- After some adaptations,the team launched a erators what it would have decided-and faced new system in March that has been able to oper- teething problems.'They look at it and for the ate unaided ever since.The AI works 98 per cent first5 minutes everybody's like thumbs(拇指) of the time,and will occasionally call for a up,and then they start going to thumbs mid- change in speed limit that is less than 10 miles way and then it's thumbs down.So hey,it per hour,in line with federal law. failed in the first 10 minutes,'says Work. “I think that we're just scratching(划开)the 初，AI与现有软件一起测试一不控制限速， surface of a whole new way to operate freeways, 而是告诉操作员它会做出什么决定一并遇 says Work."It's just absolutely transformational 到了初期问题。Work说：‘他们看着它，最初5 how these systems operate.Anything that we 分钟每个人都竖起大拇指，然后他们的大拇指 can do to reduce the number of crashes that hap- 开始放到中间，然后就变成大拇指向下。所以， pen on that roadway,is worth doing.It is in des- 嘿，它在最初10分钟就失败了。’)”可知，基于 perate need of attention,and that's what drove 历史交通数据训练的AI初期表现不佳，效率 the whole project from the first place:heavy 不高。] jams.Sitting by and doing nothing is not good 3.The AI works quite well for anybody.” A.50 per cent of the time [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了 B.with unchanged speed limits AI技术在新泽西州那什维尔市的一段27英里的 C.after some adjustments 高速公路上的使用情况。 D.without any legal restriction ·404· 基础必备必修第二册 解析：C[细节理解题。根据第三段“After 4.What's Work's attitude towards the application some adaptations,the team launched a new of the Al? A.Doubtful. B.Objective. system in March that has been able to operate C.Unclear. D.Approving. unaided ever since.The AI works 98 per cent 解析：D[推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘I of the time,and will occasionally call for a think that we're just scratching(划开)the change in speed limit that is less than 10 miles surface of a whole new way to operate free- ways,'says Work.'It's just absolutely trans- per hour,in line with federal law.(经过一些调 formational how these systems operate.Any- 整后，该团队在3月推出了一个新系统，从那以 thing that we can do to reduce the number of 后它就能独立运行。AI98%的时间都能正常 crashes that happen on that roadway,is worth doing.’(Work说：‘我认为我们只是刚刚触及 工作，并且偶尔会根据联邦法律要求，将限速调 一种全新高速公路运营方式的表面。这些系统 整幅度控制在每小时10英里以内。)”可知，经 的运行方式绝对具有变革性。我们能做的任何 过一些调整后，AI运行良好。] 减少道路上事故数量的事情都是值得做的。？)” 可知，Work对AI的应用持赞成态度。] 阅读理解B 体裁：说明文 话题：新建道路 Minimizing the environmental damage that The real test came in the second part of the new roads cause is generally regarded as a good experiment.In this,the researchers removed thing.But to do that,it helps to understand just moss much as before,but they left narrow moss how new roads cause the damage of which they paths to bridge the no-bug's-land between are accused. islands.The islands with bridges did far better Recently,a group of researchers led by Dr. than isolated islands-a result that supports the Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved notion that population exchange is necessary to that immigration is good for the health of animal keep an ecosystem healthy. populations.A road destroys only a small part of Whether these results can be translated to the habitat,thus destroying just a few local pop- large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain.But if ulations of creatures.So the argument that road- they can,they would cause more,not less,con- building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self- cern about the ecological effects of road-building. evidently correct.Those who nevertheless hold On the other hand,they also suggest a way out. this view say that apparently separate local popu- In Britain,tunnels are often built under roads for lations of animals are,in fact,parts of much lar- animals of regular habits,such as badgers(), ger populations connected via migration. to be able to travel their traditional routes with- According to this theory,when a local popu- out having to fight with traffic.Extending that lation struggles to move about-because of an ep- principle,perhaps special bridges might be a idemic,for example-individuals from neighbor- cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a ing communities can fill the gaps. bit better. The implications of the theory are straight- [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了新建 forward.Cut local populations off from each oth- 道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这 er and each is more likely to disappear.And 种破坏的新方法。 roads are good at doing just that.Testing the 5.What's the main idea of the passage? theory with experimental roads,however,would A.Calling on us to stop building roads for a be expensive.Dr.Gonzalez's brainwave was to healthy ecosystem. do the whole thing on a much smaller scale. B.Warning us of potential dangers of animal The team studied moss-covered rocks.On immigration. some rocks the researchers left the moss un- C.Informing us of the environmental damage touched;on others they made "roadways"across caused by new roads. to leave the moss isolated.After waiting six D.Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage months,they found that in the disturbed habitats caused by new roads. nearly all the bug population had declined com- 解析：C[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimi- pared with undisturbed moss,and 40%of the zing the environmental damage that new roads species had become extinct. cause is generally regarded as a good thing. ·405· 高考总复习英语（外研版） But to do that,it helps to understand just how good for the health of animal populations..”,第 new roads cause the damage of which they are 三段“According to this theory,when a local accused.(把新道路造成的环境破坏降到最低通 population struggles to move about-because 常被认为是一件好事，但要做到这一点，有助于 of an epidemic,for example-individuals from 理解新道路是如何造成被指责的破坏的。)”可 neighboring communities can fill the gaps.”和 知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的 第五段“After waiting six months,they found 破坏。] that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug 6.Dr.Gonzalez's experiment found that population had declined compared with undis- A.building roads is expensive turbed moss,and 40%of the species had be- B.immigration is good for animals come extinct.”可知，短文是通过提供科学发现 C.roads cut off animal immigration D.tunnels should be built under roads 来呈现观点的。] 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第二段 8.According to the passage,which of the follow- "Recently,a group of researchers led by Dr. ing statements will the writer agree with? Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved A.The impact of road-building is not as serious that immigration is good for the health of ani- as we thought. mal populations..（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一 B.Road-building is beneficial to animal immi- 组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了迁移对动 gration. 物种群的健康有益。)”可知，迁移对动物有益。] C.Environmental damage caused by road-building is 7.How does the author present his point? still uncertain. A.By analyzing facts. D.Environmental damage caused by road-building B.By giving examples. might be lessened. C.By providing scientific findings. 解析：D[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In D.By comparing possible effects. Britain,tunnels are often built under roads for 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently,a animals of..nature rub along a bit better.”可 group of researchers led by Dr.Gonzalez conducted 推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的 an experiment and proved that immigration is 环境破坏可能会被减轻。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 话题：加入跑步俱乐部的几个好处 Living in a city,you often see a group of tent,making the whole workout so enjoyable runners emerge around a corner.They laugh and that you may perform better without even reali- chat together as their running shoes rhythmically zing how much distance you covered. touch the pavement.1.Joining such a 4 group club is great for runners.Here are some When you are part of a club,you can make reasons to inspire you to become a member of it. friends with those sharing the same passion.Ac- Get more motivation cording to a fitness magazine,runners are known When you run alone,it is harder to get out to be a friendly bunch!This offers a sense of be- of the door and onto the pavement.There is of- longing,and after a while,these new partners ten a convincing inner voice that whispers to you feel like a warm family and can become lifelong to simply stay at home!2.Your running friends. friends will be looking forward to seeing you and Feel safe will miss you if you do not show up. Most runners choose to run in fall or winter Become a better runner and this may mean going out on a dark evening. 3 Most clubs have coaches or trainers. When running alone,it is harder to see the road Trainers can assist you in setting a pace and es- and you may easily trip or fall due to the dark- tablishing realistic and achievable goals,and train ness.When in a group,you will be reminded of you to be the best runner you can be.A coach possible dangers and if there is an accident,peo- will develop variety in running routes and con- ple are there to help you.5 ·406· 基础必备必修第二册 A.Develop friendship so enjoyable that you may perform better with- B.Become more friendly out even realizing how much distance you cov- C.These runners are often part of a running club ered.(教练可以帮助你设定节奏，确立现实的 D.This can definitely give you a sense of security 和可达成的目标，并训练你成为最好的跑者。 E.When running in a group,you may hit your 教练会开发多样化的跑步路线和内容，使得整 personal goals more quickly 个锻炼过程如此愉快，以至于你可能会在不知 F.However,being part of a group pushes you to 不觉中表现得更好，甚至没有意识到自己跑了 participate in a running event 多少距离。)”可知，E项“在跟团跑步时，你可能 G.You get encouragement and protection from 会更快地完成你的个人目标”符合。] this group of runners that passed by 4.A[根据本段的关键信息“When you are part [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 of a club,you can make friends with those sha- 了加入跑步俱乐部的几个好处。 ring the same passion.According to a fitness l.C[根据空前“Living in a city,you often see a magazine,runners are known to be a friendly bunch!This offers a sense of belonging,and group of runners emerge around a corner. after a while,these new partners feel like a They laugh and chat together as their running warm family and can become lifelong friends. shoes rhythmically touch the pavement.(生活 (当你成为俱乐部的一部分时，你可以与那些分 在城市中，你经常看到一群跑步者从一个角落 享同样热情的人交朋友。根据一家健身杂志的 出现。他们边跑边笑，边聊天，他们的跑鞋有节 说法，跑步者被认为是一个友好的群体！这提 奏地触碰着人行道。)”及空后“Joining such a 供了一种归属感，过一段时间后，这些新伙伴感 group club is great for runners..(加入这样的跑 觉就像一个温暖的家庭，可以成为终身的朋 步团体对跑步者来说非常棒。)”可知，C项“这 友。)”可知，A项“建立友谊”适合作本段的小标 些跑步者通常是跑步俱乐部的成员”符合，起承 题。“友好”只是本段的一个小信息点，故干扰 前启后的作用。千扰项G项中的this group of 项B项可排除。] runners看似与空前的内容相关，但G项中的 5.D[根据本段的小标题Feel safe及空前 protection与空前内容无关，可排除。] "When in a group,you will be reminded of 2.F[上文提到“When you run alone,it is har- possible dangers and if there is an accident, der to get out of the door and onto the pave- people are there to help you.(当在一个团队中 ment.(当你独自一人跑步时，更难走出家门， 时，你会被提醒可能存在的危险，如果发生事 故，会有人在那里帮助你。)”可知，D项“这绝对 踏上人行道。)”可知，空前主要介绍一个人跑步 可以给你一种安全感”符合。D项中的This指 会有很多阻碍，故该空应该是一个转折，该空应 代空前的一整句话。] 该谈及加入跑步俱乐部的益处，故F项“然而， [日积月累]阅读理解B 成为跑步团体的一员会督促你参加跑步活动” Those who nevertheless hold this view say that 符合。该空后也进一步介绍为什么身为团体的 apparently separate local populations of animals 一员会有参加跑步活动的动力。] are,in fact,parts of much larger populations 3.E[根据本段的小标题Become a better runner connected via migration. 及空后“Trainers can assist you in setting a 句中connected via migration是过去分词短语作 pace and establishing realistic and achievable 定语。 goals,and train you to be the best runner you 句意：然而，那些持这种观点的人说，看似独立的 can be.A coach will develop variety in running 当地动物种群实际上是通过迁徙联系在一起的更 routes and content,making the whole workout 大种群的一部分。 ·407·