必修第二册 Unit 5 On the road（配套练习Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（外研版）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，通过分题型方法提炼（细节定位、推理推断、主旨归纳、七选五衔接）构建系统解题体系，涵盖科技、环境、生活话题，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解A|4题（AI高速应用）|细节题定位原文关键信息，推理题分析作者观点态度|以AI技术应用为载体，衔接细节理解与推理判断，体现科技话题语言逻辑| |阅读理解B|4题（道路环境影响）|主旨题抓首尾段核心，推理题结合实验结论推断|通过环境实验论证，串联主旨归纳与科学结论分析，强化说明文论证逻辑| |阅读七选五|5题（跑步俱乐部好处）|关注上下文衔接词，利用段落主旨匹配选项|以“好处”为线索，构建“动机-能力-社交-安全”逻辑链，训练语篇衔接能力|

课时冲关11　Unit 5　On the road Ⅰ.阅读理解A 体裁：说明文 话题：AI在高速公路上的使用情况 Roads with variable speed limits, also known as smart motorways, are common in countries including the US, UK and Germany. Normally, rule­based systems monitor the number of vehicles on one of these roads and adjust speeds accordingly. One such road is a 27­kilometre section of the 1­24 freeway near Nashville, Tennessee, which was experiencing a problem that disturbs many busy roads: When there are too many vehicles, phantom traffic jams(虚假交通堵塞) appear when drivers slow vehicles and risk crashes as fast­moving vehicles come up behind. To address this, Daniel Work at Vanderbilt University in Nashville and his teammates trained an AI on historical traffic data to monitor cameras and make decisions on speed limits, using it in the 1­24 control room in February. Initially, the AI was tested with the existing software－not having control over limits, but telling operators what it would have decided－and faced teething problems. “They look at it and for the first 5 minutes everybody's like thumbs(拇指) up, and then they start going to thumbs midway and then it's thumbs down. So hey, it failed in the first 10 minutes，” says Work. After some adaptations, the team launched a new system in March that has been able to operate unaided ever since. The AI works 98 per cent of the time, and will occasionally call for a change in speed limit that is less than 10 miles per hour, in line with federal law. “I think that we're just scratching(划开) the surface of a whole new way to operate freeways，” says Work. “It's just absolutely transformational how these systems operate. Anything that we can do to reduce the number of crashes that happen on that roadway, is worth doing. It is in desperate need of attention, and that's what drove the whole project from the first place: heavy jams. Sitting by and doing nothing is not good for anybody.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了AI技术在新泽西州那什维尔市的一段27英里的高速公路上的使用情况。 1．What's the problem of the 27­kilometre section of the 1­24 freeway? A．Variable speed limits. B．Potential traffic crashes. C．Too many vehicles. D．Vehicles' moving too fast. 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第一段“One such road is a 27­kilometre section of the 1­24 freeway near Nashville, Tennessee, which was experiencing a problem that disturbs many busy roads: When there are too many vehicles, phantom traffic jams(虚假交通堵塞) appear when drivers slow vehicles and risk crashes as fast­moving vehicles come up behind.(田纳西州纳什维尔附近的1－24 号高速公路有一段27公里长的路段便是如此，它正面临一个困扰着许多繁忙道路的问题：当车辆过多时，司机会减速，从而出现虚假交通堵塞，后方快速行驶的车辆可能导致碰撞风险。)” 可知，1－24 高速公路这 27 公里路段的问题是存在潜在交通事故。] 2．How was the performance of the AI on historical traffic data? A．Inefficient.　　　　B．Effective. C．Professional. D．Troublesome. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Initially, the AI was tested with the existing software－not having control over limits, but telling operators what it would have decided－and faced teething problems. ‘They look at it and for the first 5 minutes everybody's like thumbs(拇指) up, and then they start going to thumbs midway and then it's thumbs down. So hey, it failed in the first 10 minutes，’ says Work.(最初，AI 与现有软件一起测试 —— 不控制限速，而是告诉操作员它会做出什么决定 —— 并遇到了初期问题。Work 说：‘他们看着它，最初 5 分钟每个人都竖起大拇指，然后他们的大拇指开始放到中间，然后就变成大拇指向下。所以，嘿，它在最初 10 分钟就失败了。’)” 可知，基于历史交通数据训练的 AI 初期表现不佳，效率不高。] 3．The AI works quite well ________. A．50 per cent of the time B．with unchanged speed limits C．after some adjustments D．without any legal restriction 解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“After some adaptations, the team launched a new system in March that has been able to operate unaided ever since. The AI works 98 per cent of the time, and will occasionally call for a change in speed limit that is less than 10 miles per hour, in line with federal law.(经过一些调整后，该团队在 3 月推出了一个新系统，从那以后它就能独立运行。AI 98% 的时间都能正常工作，并且偶尔会根据联邦法律要求，将限速调整幅度控制在每小时 10 英里以内。)” 可知，经过一些调整后，AI运行良好。] 4．What's Work's attitude towards the application of the AI? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Unclear. D．Approving. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段 “‘I think that we're just scratching (划开) the surface of a whole new way to operate freeways，’ says Work. ‘It's just absolutely transformational how these systems operate. Anything that we can do to reduce the number of crashes that happen on that roadway, is worth doing.’(Work 说：‘我认为我们只是刚刚触及一种全新高速公路运营方式的表面。这些系统的运行方式绝对具有变革性。我们能做的任何减少道路上事故数量的事情都是值得做的。’)” 可知，Work 对 AI 的应用持赞成态度。] 阅读理解B 体裁：说明文 话题：新建道路 Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused. Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations. A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a few local populations of creatures. So the argument that roadbuilding itself is bad for biodiversity is not selfevidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration. According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about－because of an epidemic, for example－individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps. The implications of the theory are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads, however, would be expensive. Dr. Gonzalez's brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale. The team studied mosscovered rocks. On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others they made “roadways” across to leave the moss isolated. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct. The real test came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers removed moss much as before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the nobug'sland between islands. The islands with bridges did far better than isolated islands－a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an ecosystem healthy. Whether these results can be translated to largescale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of roadbuilding. On the other hand, they also suggest a way out. In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers(獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better. [语篇解读]　这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了新建道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这种破坏的新方法。 5．What's the main idea of the passage? A．Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem. B．Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration. C．Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads. D．Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads. 解析：C　[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they are accused.(把新道路造成的环境破坏降到最低通常被认为是一件好事，但要做到这一点，有助于理解新道路是如何造成被指责的破坏的。)”可知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的破坏。] 6．Dr.Gonzalez's experiment found that ________. A．building roads is expensive B．immigration is good for animals C．roads cut off animal immigration D．tunnels should be built under roads 解析：B　[细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.(最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研究人员进行了一项实验，证明了迁移对动物种群的健康有益。)”可知，迁移对动物有益。] 7．How does the author present his point? A．By analyzing facts. B．By giving examples. C．By providing scientific findings. D．By comparing possible effects. 解析：C　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”，第三段“According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about－because of an epidemic, for example－individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps.”和第五段“After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had become extinct.”可知，短文是通过提供科学发现来呈现观点的。] 8．According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with? A．The impact of roadbuilding is not as serious as we thought. B．Roadbuilding is beneficial to animal immigration. C．Environmental damage caused by roadbuilding is still uncertain. D．Environmental damage caused by roadbuilding might be lessened. 解析：D　[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of...nature rub along a bit better.”可推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的环境破坏可能会被减轻。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 体裁：说明文 话题：加入跑步俱乐部的几个好处 Living in a city, you often see a group of runners emerge around a corner. They laugh and chat together as their running shoes rhythmically touch the pavement. ___1___. Joining such a group club is great for runners. Here are some reasons to inspire you to become a member of it. Get more motivation When you run alone, it is harder to get out of the door and onto the pavement. There is often a convincing inner voice that whispers to you to simply stay at home! ___2___. Your running friends will be looking forward to seeing you and will miss you if you do not show up. Become a better runner ___3___. Most clubs have coaches or trainers. Trainers can assist you in setting a pace and establishing realistic and achievable goals, and train you to be the best runner you can be. A coach will develop variety in running routes and content, making the whole workout so enjoyable that you may perform better without even realizing how much distance you covered. ___4___ When you are part of a club, you can make friends with those sharing the same passion. According to a fitness magazine, runners are known to be a friendly bunch! This offers a sense of belonging, and after a while, these new partners feel like a warm family and can become lifelong friends. Feel safe Most runners choose to run in fall or winter and this may mean going out on a dark evening. When running alone, it is harder to see the road and you may easily trip or fall due to the darkness. When in a group, you will be reminded of possible dangers and if there is an accident, people are there to help you. ___5___. A．Develop friendship B．Become more friendly C．These runners are often part of a running club D．This can definitely give you a sense of security E．When running in a group, you may hit your personal goals more quickly F．However, being part of a group pushes you to participate in a running event G．You get encouragement and protection from this group of runners that passed by [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加入跑步俱乐部的几个好处。 1．C　[根据空前“Living in a city, you often see a group of runners emerge around a corner. They laugh and chat together as their running shoes rhythmically touch the pavement. (生活在城市中，你经常看到一群跑步者从一个角落出现。他们边跑边笑，边聊天，他们的跑鞋有节奏地触碰着人行道。)”及空后“Joining such a group club is great for runners.(加入这样的跑步团体对跑步者来说非常棒。)”可知，C项“这些跑步者通常是跑步俱乐部的成员”符合，起承前启后的作用。干扰项G项中的 this group of runners看似与空前的内容相关，但G项中的 protection与空前内容无关，可排除。] 2．F　[上文提到“When you run alone, it is harder to get out of the door and onto the pavement. (当你独自一人跑步时，更难走出家门，踏上人行道。)”可知，空前主要介绍一个人跑步会有很多阻碍，故该空应该是一个转折，该空应该谈及加入跑步俱乐部的益处，故F项“然而，成为跑步团体的一员会督促你参加跑步活动”符合。该空后也进一步介绍为什么身为团体的一员会有参加跑步活动的动力。] 3．E　[根据本段的小标题Become a better runner及空后“Trainers can assist you in setting a pace and establishing realistic and achievable goals, and train you to be the best runner you can be. A coach will develop variety in running routes and content, making the whole workout so enjoyable that you may perform better without even realizing how much distance you covered. (教练可以帮助你设定节奏，确立现实的和可达成的目标，并训练你成为最好的跑者。教练会开发多样化的跑步路线和内容，使得整个锻炼过程如此愉快，以至于你可能会在不知不觉中表现得更好，甚至没有意识到自己跑了多少距离。)”可知，E项“在跟团跑步时，你可能会更快地完成你的个人目标”符合。] 4．A　[根据本段的关键信息“When you are part of a club, you can make friends with those sharing the same passion. According to a fitness magazine, runners are known to be a friendly bunch! This offers a sense of belonging, and after a while, these new partners feel like a warm family and can become lifelong friends. (当你成为俱乐部的一部分时，你可以与那些分享同样热情的人交朋友。根据一家健身杂志的说法，跑步者被认为是一个友好的群体！这提供了一种归属感，过一段时间后，这些新伙伴感觉就像一个温暖的家庭，可以成为终身的朋友。)”可知，A项“建立友谊”适合作本段的小标题。“友好”只是本段的一个小信息点，故干扰项B项可排除。] 5．D　[根据本段的小标题 Feel safe 及空前“When in a group, you will be reminded of possible dangers and if there is an accident, people are there to help you. (当在一个团队中时，你会被提醒可能存在的危险，如果发生事故，会有人在那里帮助你。)”可知，D项“这绝对可以给你一种安全感”符合。D项中的 This指代空前的一整句话。] [日积月累]　阅读理解B Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration. 句中connected via migration 是过去分词短语作_定语。 句意：然而，那些持这种观点的人说，看似独立的当地动物种群实际上是通过迁徙联系在一起的更大种群的一部分。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $